Biometrics: Defined 101.pdf · Iris Scan 256 Fingerprints 512-1024 Hand Geometry 9 Facial Recognition 128-512 • 18 Biometric Technology 101 Storing a biometric in a Card Don’t

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Biometric Technology

An introduction to the science

Ian Williams

www.idsysgroup.com

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Biometric Technology 101

Biometrics: Defined

Automatically recognizing a person using distinguishing traits. (A narrow definition)

Biometric technologies are defined as automated methods of ident ifying or authenticating the identity of a living person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic.

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Biometric Market

What are they

And

Which one do you choose?

16 Technologies

128+ Biometric Vendors

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Biometric Technologies

•Iris Recognition

•Finger Scans

•Hand Geometry

•Facial Recognition

•Signature Dynamics

•Voice Dynamics

•Retinal Scan

•Vascular Patterns

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Iris Recognition

• Highest Accuracy (1:N)• Intrusiveness (comparably)• Higher cost• Successful applications deployed

Video Capture Pattern Extraction Coordinate Creation Record Formation

How it works

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Iris Recognition Applications

Financial Services

Ak Bank (Turkey)Citibank (NY)

Dresdner Bank (Germany)Nationwide Building Society (UK)

Takefuji Bank (Japan)

Access ControlCANPass – Vancouver

CATSA?? 2004

British Telecommunications (UK)Brussels Bank (Belgium)

Garny Sicherheitstechnik (Germany)U.S. Department of the Treasury (DC)

Computer Security

Hewlett Packard KPN Telecom (The Netherlands)

U.S. House of Representatives, Legislative Counsel (DC)

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Finger Scan• High accuracy• Reliable• Most widely deployed• Capture device variety• Privacy??

Image Capture Minutiae Identification Template Mapping Record Formation

How it works

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Finger Scan Applications

Identification CardsDriver LicenseNational ID

Voter Registration

Social ServicesTexas

ConnecticutNew YorkToronto

Secure AccessMicrosoft

OracleNew York Stock Exchange

Compaq

Financial ServicesBanking ATM

Internet BankingRetail Transactions

Smart CardFinger Scan

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Hand Geometry

• Low accuracy• Reliable• Non-intrusive• Small record size (9 bits)• Expensive scanner

How it works

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Hand Geometry Applications

Identification CardsINSPass

Travel Documents

Time & AttendanceCoca-Cola

First Bank of Minnesota

Secure AccessIBM

Exodus

Sandia National Labs

San Jose State University

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Facial Recognition• Medium-High accuracy• Low capture cost (ID)• Non-intrusive**• Capture device variety• Successful deployments

How it works (Geometric)

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MIT Eigenface Method

Additional algorithms are used for local feature analysis

100 Eigenfaces would suffice for the world population

How it works (Eigenface)

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Facial Recognition Advantages

• Facial images are almost always captured in connection with identification documents

• There are estimated to be 1.1 billion facial images in identification databases around the world. No re-enrollment is required.*

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Facial Recognition Failures

• FRVT 2002 shows facial inaccurate and easily defeated

• Pilots at several US Airports concluded as failed experiments

• Will only verify NOT identify• Useful in a cooperative application ONLY

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Facial Recognition Apps

Identification CardsWest Virginia Driver License

Travel DocumentsMexican Voter Registration

Secure AccessIBM (Thinkpads)

DeutcheBankMGM Casino

SurveillanceCD Airport Paris

West Ham Football LondonAirport – Australia,Logan & Tampa

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Choosing a Biometric Technology

Accuracy

Effort

Intrusiveness

Cost

4 important factors when choosing a biometric

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Data Considerations

Machine Read Technology StorageCapacity (Bytes)

Relative Cost

2-D Barcode 2K Very Low

Magnetic Stripe 204 Low

Smart Card 24K High

Optical 4MB Very High

Match your biometric technology needs with machine read needs, and consider the costs.

Biometric

Data Size Per Record (bytes)

Retinal Scan

3 5

Iris Scan

256

Fingerprints

512-1024

Hand Geometry

9

Facial Recognition

128-512

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Storing a biometric in a Card

Don’t re-invent the wheel!

2-D Barcode Smart Card

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Biometric Industry Trends

• Iris is the number one technology in accuracy

• Iris can facilitate large 1:N search

• Finger Scan is biometric leader (market share)

• Facial is a close second – losing credibility

• Compounded biometrics for accuracy

• 1:1 Systems storing data on card

• 2-D Bar-code replacing magnetic stripe

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Practical Solutions

Lower Security

Higher Security

Finger Scan

Facial Recognition

Iris Recognition

Ac

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rac

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Co

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Copyright © 2003 Identity Systems Group Inc.

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Get more info here:

www.idsysgroup.com

www.biometrics.org

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Questions????