BIOMETRIC DEVICES.ppt

7/26/2019 BIOMETRIC DEVICES.ppt

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BIOMETRIC DEVICES

FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION

NAME :NURHASYIMATUL AINI BTMUSAHRUDIN

IC/NO : 990708-06-5228


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INTRODUCTION

A biometric is unique, measurable characteristic of a human beingthat can be used to automatically recognize an individual or verifyan individuals identify

Biometrics can measure both physiological and behavioralcharacteristics.

Physiological biometric. This biometric is based on measurementsand data derived from direct on measurement of a part of thehuman body

Behavioral biometrics. This biometrics is based on measurementsand data derived from an action


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DEFINITION

A fingerprint scanner system has two basic jobs - it needs to get animage of your finger, and it needs to determine whether the patternof ridges and valleys in this image matches the pattern of ridges and

valleys in pre-scanned images.

Only specific characteristics, which are unique to every fingerprint,

are filtered and saved as an encrypted biometric key ormathematical representation.

No image of a fingerprint is ever saved, only a series of numbers (abinary code), which is used for verification.

The algorithm cannot be reconverted to an image, so no one can

duplicate your fingerprints.


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HISTORY

(1880-FAULDS)

During the 1870s, Dr. Henry Faulds, the British Surgeon-Superintendent ofTsukiji Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, took up the study of "skin-furrows" afternoticing finger marks on specimens of "prehistoric" pottery.

In 1880, Faulds forwarded an explanation of his classification system and asample of the forms he had designed for recording inked impressions, to SirCharles Darwin.

Also in 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds published an article in the Scientific Journal,"Nature" (nature). He discussed fingerprints as a means of personalidentification, and the use of printers ink as a method for obtaining suchfingerprints.


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HOW IT WORK


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FUNCTION

Once your fingerprint is scanned, the sensor compares this newpicture against the pre-stored print to determine if they match.

Comparing a full fingerprint against the newly scanned image isimpractical because smudging could make an identical print lookdifferent from the scanned image.

Instead, fingerprint scanners compare specific areas of thefingerprint, referenced to as minutiae.

Scanners and professional investigators concentrate on points whereridge lines end or split into multiple ridges, known as bifurcations.

A single finger could have numerous minutiae, and rather than try

to identify all of them, scanners simply need to find apreprogrammed number of them to determine the two prints areidentical.


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FUNCTION

Another common form of fingerprint capturing is the capacitancescanner, which instead of sensing the print using light, it utilizes anelectrical current.

The ridges of your skin, the dermis, are electrically non-conductive,whereas the valleys of your fingertip, the sub dermal layer, are

conductive. When touching a fingerprint sensor, it measures theminutest differences in conductivity caused by the presence ofridges.

Using these measurements, capacitance scanners create a picture ofthe fingerprint to compare against the original fingerprint.


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IMA!ES


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CONCLUSION

Fingerprint Authentication has been studied for well overall century.

However, its use has truly become widespread and mainstream onlyin the last few decades due to development of automatedfingerprint recognition systems.

The ever-increasing demand for reducing the error and failure rates

of automated fingerprint recognition systems and the need forenhancing their security have opened many interesting and uniqueresearch opportunities that encompass multiple domains such asimage processing, computer vision, statistical modeling,cryptography, and sensor development .

Our preliminary analysis shows that fingerprints have been provento be an excellent if not the best biometric and its potential has notyet been fully realized.


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RESOURCESREFERENCES

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BIOMETRIC DEVICES.ppt