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Biomes
Introduction
• A group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms is called a biome.
• It is mostly climate conditions in an area that determine its biome.
• We are going to talk about 7 land biomes and 3 aquatic biomes.
Climograph
• graph
• shows a biome’s monthly temperature and precipitation data in a single year
Physical or NONLIVING component of an ecosystem
Rocks, Sand, Cliffs
Snow, Rain, Hail
Wind
Sun, Heat, Cold
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
• Living Parts of an ecosystem– Plants– Animals– Bacteria
Rain Forest Biomes
• Known for their abundance of– Rain– Plant life– Animal life
• The climate (warm with plenty of rain) provides a great environment for plants.
• The more plants there are the more animals that can be supported.
Temperate Rain Forest
• Found along the northwestern coast of the United States and New Zealand.
• Twilight was set in a Temperate Rain Forest.
• Has more moderate temperatures that change throughout the year.
• Between 200-350 cm of precipitation.• Further from the equator than tropical rain
forests.
Tropical Rain Forest
• Typically found near the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
• The temperature range is between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. ( 68- 77 degrees Fahrenheit)
• Receive an average of 200 - 1,000 cm of precipitation each year
Tropical Rain Forest
• The abundant plant life provides habitats for many species of animals. – Millions of species of animals live here– Insects are a major food source– Probably contain more species of plants and
animals than all the other biomes combined.
Tropical Rain Forest
• The tall tress in a tropical rainforest form a leafy roof called the canopy.
• Under the canopy is a second layer of shorter trees and vines that form an understory.
• The forest floor is nearly dark so only a few plants live there.
Campa Pita, Belize Precipitation
Campa Pita, Belize Temperature
Desert
• Typically found between 25o and 40o latitude• Deserts are characterized by very dry climates. • They have a wide yearly temperature range.
From -4 – 38 degrees Celsius. (24-100 F)• Receive less than 25 cm of rain each year.
– The amount of evaporation is greater than the amount of precipitation
Desert
• Organisms must adapt to the lack of rain and extreme temperatures.– Stem of the saguaro cactus stores water– Gila monsters can spend weeks at a time in
their cool underground burrows– Many other animals are most active at night
El-Oasr el-Akhdar, Egypt Precip
El-Oasr el-Akhdar, Egypt Temp
Grassland
Grasslands also known as prairie, pampas, steppes, and veldt, are areas that receive more rain than the desert but not enough to support trees.– Found on the interiors of continents between 30 and
50 degrees north and south latitude– Average temperatures are between -20 and 30
degrees Celsius (-4 and 86 F)– Receive 50-90 cm of rain each year – They have very rich soil – Home to many of the largest animals on Earth.
Grasslands
Grasslands
Savanna
• Grasslands that are closer to the equator
• Warm temperatures with wet and dry seasons
• Temperatures range between -16 and 34 degrees Celsius (3-94 degrees F)
• Average precipitation is between 50-130 cm
• Since there is more precipitation some trees can be found here
Savanna
Savanna
Ingeniera White, Argentina Temp
Ingeniera White, Argentina Precip
Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Where We Live!• Named for Deciduous trees that are found there
– Trees that shed their leaves and grow new ones each year
• Located between 30 and 50 degrees N and S Lat• Temperatures range from -30 – 30 degrees Celsius
(-22 – 86 degrees F)• Average precipitation is between 75-150 cm
Staunton, Virginia Temperature
Staunton, Virginia Precipitation
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Boreal/Taiga or Coniferous Forest
• Known for its Coniferous trees– Fir, Spruce, and Hemlock
• Further north than Deciduous Biome
• Between 50 and 60 degrees latitude
• Very cold winters—average temp between -40 and 20 degrees Celsius (-40 and 68 F)
• Average precipitation between 30-90 cm
Boreal Forest / Taiga
Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada
Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada
Tundra
• Extremely cold and dry biome• Located between 55-70 degrees lat• Average temperature range between -40 and 18
degrees Celsius (-40 and 64 F)• Average precipitation less than 25 cm• Very few plants
– Mosses– Dwarf trees
• Layer of permanently frozen soil—Permafrost
Tundra
Yakutsk, Russia Precipitation
Yakutsk, Russia Temperature
Mountain and Ice
• Not a true biome
• As you move from the bottom to the top, you would pass through a series of biomes.
• Animals with adaptations to ice– Penguins, polar bears, and seals
Mountain
• 8 = 47 3.5 = 39 -1.5 = 29 -6 = 21
Mountain Biome
Freshwater Ecosystem
• Types of freshwater ecosystems– Streams– Rivers– Ponds– Lakes
• Bodies of water with high oxygen levels and less than 1% salt
• Streams and Rivers have running water• Ponds and Lakes have standing water
Freshwater Ecosystem
• Plants include – Algae– Cattails– Swamp frond– Lilly pads – Grasses
Freshwater Ecosystem
• Animal Life– Flagellates – Diatoms– Leeches– River rats, Muskrats,
Otters and Minks
– Sunfish and Bass– Salmon and Perch– Catfish species– Turtle speices
Marine Ecosystem
• This includes the oceans, seas, and estuaries
• Ecosystems that exist in salt water.
• Oceans are divided into 4 different zones
Marine Ecosystems
• Intertidal zone—between the highest and lowest tide
• Neritic zone—below the low-tide line and out over the continental shelf
• Surface zone—on the surface of the open ocean
• Deep zone—below the surface of the open ocean
Intertidal Zone
• Difficult to live here– pounding waves– sudden changes in temperature– covered with water and then exposed to air
Neritic Zone
• Rich with life
• Many large schools of fish feed there
• Coral reefs may form here
• Where did Nemo live?
Deep Zone
• Throughout much of the deep zone it is completely dark
• Some animals in the deep zone glow in the dark– Some use for
camouflage or
identification and
attraction– Anglerfish: uses
its glow as a lure
Food Webs in the Ocean
• Algae form the basis of almost all open-ocean food webs
• Phytoplankton are also producers
Estuary
• A type of Marine ecosystem• Where fresh river water and salty ocean
water meet• Algae and plants such as marsh grasses
provide food and shelter for numerous animals.– Crabs, worms, clams, and fish
• Many animals use the calm waters of estuaries for breeding grounds
Location Temp Precipitation
Plant Life Animal Life
Tropical Rainforest
near the equator
Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
20-25° C
68-77° F
200 - 1,000 cm
Bamboo
Coconut trees
Strangler fig
Tualang tree
Kapok tree
Tiger, Bats
Chimps, Sloth, Eagles,
Monkeys,
Toucan, many insects
Rainforest
Northwestern US
New Zealand
moderate temps
Change throughout the year
200-350cm
Moss
Ferns
Redwoods
Cedar Trees
Wolves
Bear, Raccoon
Insects
Birds, Deer
Desert Between 25 and 40° N and S latitude
Rain shadow of mountains
-4 – 38°C
24-100° F
Less than 25 cm a year
Cactus
Brittle Bush
Creosote Bush
Joshua Tree
Soaptree Yucca
Gila Monster
Cactus Wren
Coyote
Kangaroo Rat
Desert Tortoise
Location Temp Precipitation
Plant Life Animal Life
Grassland interiors of continents
30 and 45° north and south latitude
-20 - 30° C
-4 - 86°F
50-90 cm
Grasses
Milkweed
Purple Coneflower
Stinging Nettle
Bald Eagle
Badger Bobcat
Bumble Bee
Coyote
Prairie Dog
Swift Fox
Savannah Closer to equator
-16 – 34 C
50-130 cm
Grasses and trees
Lions, elephant, baboon, antelope zebra
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Where we live!
Between 30 and 45° north and south latitude
-30 – 30°C
-22-86° F
75-150 cm
Deciduous trees—oak, beech, birch, maple, walnut, ferns, moss
Raccoons, Deer, squirrels, opossum, black bear
Location Temp Precipitation
Plant Life Animal Life
Taiga /
Boreal Forest
Between 45 and 60° North latitude
-40 - 20° C
-40 - 68°F
30-90 cm
Coniferous trees
•Fir
•Spruce
•Hemlock
•Pine
•Spruce
Bobcat
Canadian Lynx
Gray Wolf
Grizzly Bear
Owl
Red Fox
River Otter
Snowshoe Rabbit
Wolverine
Tundra 55° to 70° North latitude
Permafrost
-40 – 18°C
-40 – 64° F
Less than 25 cm
No trees, small bushes, moss
Arctic Fox
Caribou
Grizzly Bear
Musk Ox Polar Bear
Snowy Owl
Types/Location Characteristics Plant Life Animal Life
Fresh water
Lakes Ponds have standing water
Rivers Streams have running water
Bodies of water with high oxygen levels and less than 1% salt
Algae
Cattails
Swamp frond
Lilly pads
Grasses
Leeches
River rats, Muskrats, Otters and Mink
Fish
turtles
Marine oceans, seas, and estuaries
Ecosystems that exist in salt water
Sea grasses
algae
Phytoplankton
Plankton
Fish
sharks
Estuary Deltas
Along coastlines
Where fresh river water and salty ocean water meet
Algae
Marsh grass
Crabs, worms, clams, and fish