BIOMEDICALENGINEERING

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Proceedings of theTwenty First Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference

September 28 - 29, 2002Bethesda Hyatt Regency

Bethesda, Maryland, USA

UNIVERS'TATSBiBUOTHEKHANNOVER

TECHNISCHEiNFORMATlONSBiBLIOTHEK i

JAFAR VOSSOUGHIEditor

Biomed Research Foundation3616 Martins Dairy Circle

OLNEY, MD 20832Tel/Fax 301 570 9771

E-mail: Vossoughi@transinfo.comUB/TIB Hannover 89123 314 054

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Modeling Biomechanics

A Wavelet Entropy Approach for Predicting Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures 1Chirag B Patel, Joseph S Paul, Hasan Al-Nashash, Ning Zhang, Wendy Ziai, Marek A Mirski, David LSherman

Seizure Detection by Recurrent Neural Network 3Robyn R Bates, Mingui Sun, Mark L Scheuer, Robert J Sclabassi

Multi-Dimensional Non-Gaussian Modeling of EEG Data 5Prophete J Charles, Robert J Sclabassi, Mingui Sun

A Prediction Model for the Gastrointestinal Tract 7WE Mattis

Soft Tissue

An Evaluation of Muscle Fatigue During Intermittent Efforts Involving Short and Long 9Work-CyclesHardianto Iridiastadi, Maury A Nussbaum

Spectral Analysis of Physiological Force Tremor During Dynamic Movements of Rat Skeletal 11MuscleIsrael Hall, Erik W Gregory, Oliver Wirth, William G Lindsley, Robert G Cutlip

A Parametric Study on the Effect of the Peripheral Cerebrospinal Fluid on Finite Element 13Model of Brain InjuryKurosh K Darvish, Jeff R Crandall

Bimechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury 15Binu Oommen, Davis Nicholson, Ted Conway, Alexandra Ahlqvist, Gerald Bertella

Biomaterials I

Cell Cryosections and X-Ray Microanalysis to Determine Toxicity of Biomaterials 17P Laquerriere, E Jallot, G Balossier, P Frayssinet

Analysis of the Surface Roughness of Metal TMJ Prosthesis 19VC Ram Mohan, Subrata Saha, RW Christensen

Exploratory Investigation of the Collegen Fiber Formation Through Self Assembly Rules 21KS Murugesan, R M Pidaparti, H Yokota

Planar Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Beneficial for Surface Plasmon Resonance 23Analysis of Binding AffinitiesTheresa R Cassino, Thomas E Ryan, Kimberly Forsten-Williams

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Imaging and Radiation I

The Effect of Respiration Motion During Breast Cancer Radiation Treatment 25R George, PJ Keall, VR Kini, SS Vedam, JV Siebers,~Q Wu, MH Lauterbach, DW Arthur,R Lloyd, R Mohan

Medical Imaging: Breakthroughs in Visualization 27C Robert Kline, AW Davis, D Phillips

Integrated, High Volume Mass Customization: The InvisAlign Model 29C Robert Kline, Jr, Eric Kuo

Near-Infrared Mammary Image Based on a Method of Digital Image Processing 31Li Kaiyang, Xiang Yan, Yang Xuandong

Drug DeliveryDelivery of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) Across the Endothelium: Regulation by 33IGF Binding ProteinsJulie Paye, Kimberly Forsten-Williams

In Vivo Inflammatory and Wound Healing Effects of Gold Electrode Voltammetry for 35MEMS Micro-Reservoir Drug Delivery DeviceGabriela Voskerician, Rebecca S Shawgo, Anne P Hiltner, James M Anderson, Michael J Cima, RobertLanger

Polymer-Filled Calcium Phosphate Cement: Mechanical Properties and Controlled Release 37of Growth FactorFrancis W Wang, Chetan A Khatri, Judy F Hsii, Satoshi Hirayama, Shozo Takagi

The Serum of Sickle Cell Patients Induces Translocation and Abnormal Function of Endothelial 39Nitric Oxide SynthaseLaura W Tustin, Gilda A Barabino, Kenneth R Bridges

Biological Measurement and Evaluation INon-Invasive Acoustic Measurement of Intracranial Pressure 41Douglas G Richards, Martin L Lenhardt, Alan G Madsen

A New Approach for Extracting Velocity Distribution in Choriocapillaries from ICG Dye 43Angiograms in Human EyesL Zhu, Q He, CH von Kerczek, LDT Topoleski, RW Flower

Analysis and Quantification of Electrooculogram in Normals and Best's Dystrophy Patients 45R Venkateswaran, S Radhakrishnan, Nitin S Shetty

Dynamic Light Scattering Studies of Phakoemulsification Eluate 47Stephen Dubin, Stanley Zietz

BiomechanicsRegional Skin Temperature During Submaximal Cycle Ergometry 49Terrance John Malkinson

IV

Eardrum Saccule Coupling; Novel Form of Hearing 51Martin L Lenhardt

Implementation of a Three-Dimensional Implantable Test Circuit 53Paul Roche, RJ Sclabassi, Brian Wessel, Mingui Sun

Random Walk Model of Postural Sway on Carpeted Floors 55Jianhua Wu, Ning Pan

Injury Mechanics

Biomechanical Analysis of Neck Injury During Object Fall on Head 57Anthony Sances, Jr, Srirangam Kumaresan

Addressing Injury Biomechanics within the Biomechanical Engineering Curriculum 59William E Lee III

Biomechanical Analysis of Seat Buckets 61Anthony Sances, Jr, Srirangam Kumaresan, Richard Clarke

Occupant Kinematics and Biomechanical Injury Evaluation in Recreational Rides 63Anthony Sances, Jr, Srirangam Kumaresan, Carl Finocchiavo, Mike McCort

Biomaterials II

Molecular Characteristics and Drag Reducing Ability of Polyethylene Oxides 65Joie N Marhefka, Philip J Marascalco, Marina V Kameneva

Equilibrium Adsorption Isotherms for Interactions Between Protein C and Polymer Matrices 67Mahesh V Chaubal, Renu Nandakumar, Hessam Afshari, Duane F Bruley

Effect of Surgical Gloves on Dough Time Measurements of Acrylic Bone Cement 69Shulin He, Christopher Scott, Mike De Luise, Brian Edwards, Paul Higham

Degradation of Various Sterilized Lactide, Glycolide, and Caprolactone Polymers 71JC Middleton, CT Williams, PP Kines, AR Rogers

Imaging and Radiation II

Finite Element Modeling of the Shoulder Complex Using the Data Obtained from 73Musculo-Skeletal Model and Computerized TomographyDohyung Lim, Rami Seliktar, Joel Earl Holman, Wei Sun, Linda Nunes

Spatial Domain Decorrelation of High Resolution EEG/MEG for Efficient Data Compression 75Qiang Liu, Mingui Sun, Robert J Sclabassi

Texture Analysis for Automated Characterization of Lesions in Breast Ultrasound Scans 77Lakshmi Sampath, M Ramasubba Reddy

Modality Case Management using the Virtual Case Manager for the Virtual Radiology 79EnvironmentRalph Martinez, Jerzy Rozenblit, Jay F Cook

Cardiovascular Devices

Leakage Flow of an Enlarged Blood Pump Model . 81Kang Shiu Ong, Leok Poh Chua, Tong Ming Zhou, Simon Ching Man Yu

Assessment of Pseudo-Regurgitation During Closure of a Heart Valve Model 83Niranjan K Talukder, Sriprakash P Sarathy

Modeling Modified Fontan Circulations: Focus on the Effectiveness of Alternative Placements 85of Cardiac Assist DevicesCarol Lucas, Michael Mill, Warner Lucas, Mark Bleiweis, Tami Lee, Mark Ketner, Jonathan Masters,A Yoganathan

Measurements of Gap Velocity in a Heart Pump Model at Two Extreme Flow Conditions 87Leok Poh Chua, Kang Shiu Ong, Simon Ching Man Yu

Biological Measurement and Evaluation II

How to Smile in a Dark and Silent World 89Brandi Dickinson, Amruta Gore, Johanna Mikitka, Tejal Shah, Melissa Thiessen

Predicting Differential Responses to Structured Treatment Interruptions During HAART 91Seema H Bajaria, Glen Webb, Denise E Kirschner

Embedding Textual and Pictorial Information in Medical Waveform Data 93Mingui Sun, Yun-Qing Shi, Qiang Liu, Robert J Sclabassi

Analysis of Event-Related Potentials Using Hidden Markov Tree Models 95Rafael E Herrera, Mingui Sun, Ronald E Dahl, Neal D Ryan, Robert J Sclabassi

Orthopaedic Biomechanics I

Generation of Narrowly Distributed UHMWPE Wear Particles with Micro-fabricated Silicon 97Surface TexturesHsu-Wei Fang, Stephen M. Hsu, Jan V Sengers

The Effect of Terminal Sterilization with Gas Plasma and Gamma-Irradiation on the In Vivo 99Wear Performance of Conventional Total Hip Arthroplasty Polyethylene LinersRobert H Hopper, Jr, Anthony M Young, Karl F Orishimo, C Anderson Engh, Jr

Powered Orthosis Control Using Fuzzy Logic 101Jae Hyun Nam, Tariq Rahman, Rahamim Seliktar, Whitney Sample

Response of Bone Cells to Mechanical Strain on Titanium Surfaces 103Betsy M Chestnutt, Marcia V Lee, Daniel H Smith, Joel D Bumgardner,

Maximum Knee Flexion in Total Knee Replacements 105Rami M Said, Do Eun (Amy) Kim, Peter S Walker, Kazuho Iesaka

Instrument Navigation System for Minimally Invasive Unicompartmental Knee Replacement 107SurgeryLee-Jung Kim, Kazuho Iesaka, James Cruickshank, Peter S Walker, Chi-Shing Wei

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Constitutive Modeling I

Investigation of a Hyperelastic Material Model for Tracheal Smooth Muscle Tissue 109PA Sarma, RM Pidaparti, PN Moulik, RA Meiss

Mechanical Properties of Overfilled Breast Implant 111Olajampo Moloye, William E Lee III, Daniel, Greenwald, Leo Ondrovic

Nonlinear Viscoelastic, Thermodynamically Consistent Models for Biogical Soft Tissue 113Henry W Haslach

Creep and Relaxation - Fundamental Processes in Biological Material Modeling 115Nicolae Mazilu, Jafar Vossoughi, Ted Conway

A Constitutive Model for Tissues: Experimental Validation 117Ted Conway, Alexandra Ahlqvist, Christopher Beckett

Mechanical Properties of Human Pulmonary Artery 119Michel R Labrosse, Mano J Thubrikar, Alexandria Ahlqvist, Ted Conway

Automotive Injury/Restraint Systems

Measuring the Probability of Neck Injury in Motor Vehicle Rollovers 121Donald Friedman, Kitchen Wilson

Hybrid III Test Dummy Cranial Impacts 123Stephen R Syson

Roof Intrusion and Injury Type in Rollover Crashes 125Martha W Bidez

Children in Rollover Crashes 127Gary R Whitman, Louis A D'Aulerio, Larry Sicher, John Yannaccone, Alan Cantor

Development of Rollover Injury Measures for Occupant Protection 129Donald Friedman, Carl Nash, Terry Honikman, Kitch Wilson, Keith Friedman

Mechanism of Injury in Frontal Inflatable Restraint Systems 131Kurt D Weiss, Anthony Sances, Jr

Tissue Engineering

Glow-Discharge Gas Plasma Treatment of PL A for Tissue Engineering 133T Angelica, H Chim, J Ong, C Mauli Agrawal

Biomarkers of TP53 Mutation and Y-Chromosome Loss Used to Detect Cellular/Genetic 135Damage in Tissue Engineered SkinHenry Rodriguez, M.Marino, P McAndrew, DH Atha, P Jaruga, M Birincioglu, PE Barker, C O'Connell

Biomarkers of Oxidative DNA Damage in Tissue Engineered Skin Measured by LC/MS and 137GC/MS TechnologyHenry Rodriguez, Mustafa Birincioglu, Catherine O'Connell, PE Barker, Pawel Jaruga, Miral Dizdaroglu

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A Simple, Non-Invasive Technique to Monitor the Biomechanical Properties of Ex Vivo Cultured 139Blood VesselsRJ Gusic, KJ Gooch

Polymer Scaffolds for Anisotropic Growth of Engineered Cardiac Tissue 141Nenad Bursac, Y Loo, ME Irby, K Leong, Leslie Tung

A Rocking Dual-Channel Flow System for Studying Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell 143Culture Uner Controlled Nutrient FlowNK Talukder, PI Musey

Biomedical Engineering Topics I

Nucleic Acid Analyses of B-Lymphocytes Collected from Tissue Sections by Pulsed UV Laser 145Harold Obiakor, Rose G Mage, Robert F Bonner

The Influence of Moisture on the Elastic Properties of Bovine Hoof Horn 147Dwayne Arola, Dongsheng Zhang, Robert Reprogel, Wei Zheng, Parimal Rajkondawar, Uri Tasch

Tactile and Instrumental Evaluation of Breast Implants 149William E Lee, Olajampo Moloye, Daniel P Greenwald

Effect of Drag Reducing Polymers (DRPs) on Red Blood Cell (RBC) Filterability 151Philip J Marascalco, Kara L Pensenstadler, Garrett C Smith, Steven A Baer, Joie N Marhefka, Zhongjun JWu, Marina V Kameneva

Analysis of Kidney Disorders using Ultrasound Imaging by Geometric Moments 153K Bommanna Rai, MR Reddy, S Swarananani, S Suresh

Implementations of Built-in-Diagnosis of Bio-Organs in Smart Layer 155Somnath Chattopadhyaya, S Kumar

Biological Measurement and Evaluation III

Low-Cost Control of Repetitive Gait in Passive Bipedal Walkers 157Harry Dankowicz, Petri Piiroinen

Mechanical Energy Absorption in Human Fingers Exposed to Hand-Transmitted Vibration 159RG Dong, TW McDowell, D Welcome, JZ Wu, C Warren, WP Smutz, AW Schopper

The Arhcitecture, Communication, and Implementation of a Telemedicine System Based on 161Bluetooth™ and the InternetXiaoming Zhao, Shan Lu, Ding-Yu Fei, Charles R Doarn

A New Adaptive Subspace Dimension Matched Filter Detector for Steady-State Visual Evoked 163PotentialsIbrahim Ghaleb, Carlos E Davila

Parameter Estimation for Pathological Voice Evaluation 165Sagarika Chandrasekaran, M Ramasubba Reddy

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Orthopaedic Biomechanics IIBiodegradable Ultra High Strength Poly(L-Lactide) Rods for Bone Fracture Fixation 167Suon-Hyu Hyon, Fengzhe Jin, Khosrow Jamshidi, Sadami Tsutsumi

A Versatile Multiaxial Unicortical External Fixator 169N Karkare, S Saha

New Methods for Improved Bone-PMMA Interfacial Shear Strength: A Biomechanical Study 171N Karkare, S Saha

Origins of Finger Extension Deficits Following Stroke 173Derek G Kamper, Santhanam Suresh, William Z Rymer, Richard L Harvey

The Hyperextension Brace and its Effect on the Spine Using a Mechanical Model 175Gabriella Ahlqvist, Ted Conway, Jamal Nayfeh

Reductions in Differential Control Strategies at the Hip and Knee Joints in Acute Stroke Subjects 177J Hidler, M Carroll, M Oursler, E Healton, J Dewald

Constitutive Modeling IIMathematical Modeling of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament 179Corey A Hopkins, Christopher M Beckett, Ted Conway

Equation of Motion Approach in Constitutive Modeling of Biological Tissues 181Nicolae Mazilu, Jafar Vosoughi, Ted Conway

The Deformation of Biological Membranes in Extensional Flow 183Rohan Banton, Charles Eggleton

Dynamic Material Property Characterization of Human Aorta 185Kurosh K Darvish, Brian E Overby, Jeff R. Crandall

Characterization of Nonlinear and Time-Dependant Behavior of Skin Under Compression 187John Z Wu, Ren G Dong, W Paul Smutz

A Constitutive Model for Tissues: Mathematical Development 189Ted Conway, Alexandra Ahlqvist, Christopher Beckett

Vascular Tissue EngineeringMatrix Metalloproteinases (MMPS) and the Paradigm of Tissue Remodeling 191Zorina S Galis

Lifespan Extension for Vascular Tissue Engineering 193Laura E Niklason, J Andrew McKee, Matthew J Boyer

A Model of Mechanical Conditioning of Tissue Engineered Arterial Grafts _A Rachev, V Mironov, V Kasyanov, R Markwald

System for Producing Aligned Collagen Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 195Michael J Yost, Charles E Stonerock, C Michael Gore, Harry J Ploehn, RL Price, L Terracio, Thomas K Borg

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Vitrification: The New Frontier in Preservation of TissuesKelvin GM Brockbank, Ying C Song, John R Walsh, Michael J Taylor

Perfision Bioreactor with Circumferential and Longitudinal Strain for Accelerated TissueEngineered Vascular Wall HistogenesisVladimir Mironov, Vladimir Kasyanov, Roger Markwald

Imaging IIIPET Imaging with a Dual-Head Rotating SPECT/PET Camera: Phantom Studies of BrainGlucose MetabolismAnthony McGoron, Min Zhou, Mao Xuming, Michael Georgiou, John Kuluz, George Sfakianakis

An Image Segmentation Method for Measuring EEG Electrode Coordinate ValuesWei Liang, Mingui Sun, Qiang Liu, R Sclabassi

A Comprehensive Approach for Correcting Motion and Distortion in Diffusion Weighted MRIGK Rohde, AS Barnett, PJ Basser, S Marenco, C Pierpaoli

MRI Measurement of Strain in Materials Subject to Non-Periodic MotionJessie Q Xia, Christopher L Gilchrist, Lori A Setton, Edward W Hsu

A Method for Performance Assessment of Hybrid Transmission-Emission ScannersJuan Franquiz, Vijakalyan Yelun

Crystal Structure of Bone Material Measured by X-Ray DiffractionAndrew C Corman, Subrata Saha

Cardiovascular Biomechanics IEffects of Vibration on Vascular Permeability in RatsJudy L Cezeaux, William G Lindsley, Laura Wiseman

Wall Shear Rate Calculations Proximal of Inserted StentsSaami Yazdani, Pavlos Vlachos, Joel Berry, Ali Etabari

Arterial Embloization Using Alginate Gel in a Rat Kidney Model - A Preliminary ReportQK Kang, PL Moriera, JA Leupold, KL Martin, VA Mironov, YH An

Development and Flow Investigation of an Axial Blood PumpSY Koh, WL Chong, YW Wong, WK Chan

Experimental Research into the Influence of Sympathetic upon the Irrigation and Flow ofBrain Blood OxygenZeping Xie, L Ping Z Qin, B Chance

Development of a Protocol in Measuring Hemolysis of a Blood PumpJH Tong, AR Fraser, LP Chua

Medical Devices IShelf-Life of Medical Gloves - An Indispensable Protective Device - AcceleratedTemperature AgingSrilekha Sarkar Das, LeRoy W Schroeder

Novel Fabrication Method for Glass Microfluidic Devices 227Nicole Wead, Rebecca DeRosa, Alan Goldstein, Melissa Butters

Biobehavioral Data Logger for Urinary Incontinence 229William B Nix, Jean E Kincade, Molly C Dougherty

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC

Evaluation of Human Performance in Manual Blood Vessel Compression 231Hamayoun Mozaffari-Naeini, Oleg Gerovichev, Christian Sauer, Mihir Naware, Allison Okamura,Nitish V Thakor

Neural Network Methods for Tremor Canceling in Device Input 233Ashley M Holtgraver, Wei Tech Ang, Cameron N Riviere

Fluid Dynamics Simulations of an Idealized Nanoscale Biomolecular Motor 235VB Somashekar, RM Pidaparti, AT Hsu

Organ Printing - Computer-aided 3D Tissue Engineering

Biomodeling Assisted Three Dimensional Organ Printing . 237Andrew Darling, Wei Sun, Ganesh Subbaraman

Three Dimensional Tissue Construction and Culture in a Thermoreversible Gel Matrix 239Elizabeth A Roth, Anna Gutowska, Thomas Boland

Fusion of Cell Aggregates: A Mathematical Model 241Adrean Neagu, Gabor Forgacs

Tissue Liquidity: A Simplifying Principle Influencing Tissue Behavior 243Ramsey A. Foty

Organ Printing: Computer-Aided Jet Printer-Based Three Dimensional Soft Tissue Engineering 245Vladimir Mironov, Thomas Boland, Chris Wilson, Elizabeth Roth, Ann Gutowska, Vladimir Kasyanov,Carol Eisenberg, Adrian Neagu, Gabor Forgacs, Roger R. Markwald

Cements

An Ex Vivo Biomechanical Comparison of Cements for Use with Vertebroplasty 247Stephen M. Belkoff, John M. Mathis, Louis E. Jasper

Evaluating the Mechanical and Polymerization Characteristics of a Modified Bone Cement 249Peter C Liacouras, John R Owen, Jennifer S Wayne

Molecularly Dispersed Nanophase Composites: Hydroxyapatite in Poly (propylene Carbonate) 251Keisha Sylvester, Latosha Marshall, Vinay Vanodia, Otto Carl Wilson, Jr

Nanophase Hydroxyapatite/Polyacrylic Acid Nanocomposites 253Vinay Vanodia, Latosha Marshall, Tabassom Tadayyon-Eslami, Otto Carl Wilson, Jr

Enhanced Colloid Stability of Hydroxyapatite for Nanocomposite Development 255tto Carl Wilson, Jr, LaRhonda Borum-Nicholas

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Cell MechanicsHow Does a Cell Resist Compressive Load? 257Madhavi Ayyalasomayajula, Vidyashankar Venkatesan, Vincent Kish, Jayendran Srinivasan,Sydha Salihu, Ganesh Thyagarajan, Nilay Mukherjee

2,3-Butanedione Monoxime (BDM) Alters Wavefront Propagation and Functional Anisotropy 259in Micropatterned Neonatal Rat Cardiac MyocytesChae-Ryon Kong, K Kit Parker, Alok Sathaye, Nenad Bursac, Emilia Entcheva, Leslie Tung

The Influence of Extracellular Matrix Cues on the Cytoskeletal Architecture of Neonatal Rat 261Cardiac MyocytesSumita Saha, Kevin Kit Parker, John Tan, Christopher Chen, Leslie Tung

Glycine Protection of PC-12 Cells Against Injury by ATP-Depletion 263Kan Zhang, Joel M. Weinberg, Manjeri A Venkatachalam, Zheng Dong

Negative Selection Using a Quadrupole Magnetic Cell Sorter 265Oscar Lara, Masayuki Nakamura, Maciej Zborowski, Jeffrey Chalmers

Dental BiomechanicsMonitoring Fatigue Cracks in Dentin Using Back Illumination 267S Narayana, J Rouland, D Zhang, D Arola

Cyclic Crack Growth in Bovine Dentin: The Influence of Tubule Orientation and Stress Ratio 269JA Rouland, D Arola

Detection of MMPS Using Fret-Based Assays for the Development of a Multianlyte Periodontal 271SensorRosa Alvis, J Chance Carter, Mary T McBride, Thomas S Wilson, Kevin Langry, Bill W Colston

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Dental Implant Structures 273A Barzin, CG Sheets, JM Paquette, JC Earthman

Spectroscopic Analysis of Dental Ceramics 275Srinivas Katta, Alexis Clare

Internal Fixation and Osteoporotic Bone I

Internal Fixation in Osteoporotic Bone 277Yuehei H An

Pressure Plate Fixation According to Brunner & Weber for Recalcitrant Pseudarthrosis of the 279FemurPeter Reynders, Paul Broos

The Biomechanical Principles in the Long Bone Fractures Fixation Using the Fixion™ System 281MethodTauber Michael, Nehemia Blumberg

New Bone Anchor for Osteoporotic Bone Tissue 283Michael AK Liebschner

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Cardiovascular Biomechanics II

Measurements of Proximal Anastomotic Models Under Steady and Physiological Flow 285Conditions Using PIVLP Chua, SCM Yu, SWP Tarn, YS Tan

Computational Study of Steady and Pulsatile Flow Conditions in Proximal Anastomotic Models 287Leok Poh Chua, Simon Ching Man Yu, Jun Mei Zhang, Tong Ming Zhou

Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation Based on Normalized Centerline Velocity Distribution 289Dmitri Deserranno, Neil L Greenberg, James D Thomas, Mario J Garcia

Analysis of the Influence of Low Magnetic Fields on Rat's Blood Circulation System 291Zeping Xie, Jianjun Wang, Xiang Ruan

Hemorheological Aspects of Blood Trauma in Artificial Organs 293Marina Kameneva

Bone Grafting and Bone Substitutes

Scaffold Optimization for Load Bearing Applications 295Michael AK Liebschner, Matthew Wettergreen

Comparison of Bone Graft Substitute Resorption Utilizing a Rabbit Femoral Defect Model 297WR Barfield, JA Leupold, YH An, LA Hartsock

A Novel Bone Substitute for Interbody Fusion of the Cervical Spine 299Lisa Ferrara, Jessica Secor

Intramedullary Fibular Bone Grafting for the Management of Supracondylar Femoral Nonunion 301Terry D Madsen, Nabil A Ebraheim, Fady F Sabry, Kathleen D Madsen

Current Technologies of DBM Bone Substitute Materials 303William S. Pietrzak, Karen Troxel, Jennifer Woodell, Mukesh Kumar, Mei-Shu Shih

"Biomimetic" Model for Hetrogeneous Bone Scafold 305Binil Starly, Wing Lau, Zhibin Fang, Wei Sun

Biomechanical and Medical Aspects of Slip and Fall

Causation - Syncope? Seizure? Or Slip and Fall? Part I: Forensics 307Alex Sacher

Causation - Syncope? Seizure? Or Slip and Fall? Part II: Neurology 309Howard Lieberman

Causation - Syncope? Seizure? Or Slip and Fall? Part III: Biomechanics 311Frank L Buczek

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Respiratory Biomechanics IHow Does Exercise Impact Respiratory Resistance? Non-Invasive, Continuous, Real-Time 313AnswersNischom Silverman, Arthur T Johnson, William H Scott, Frank Koh

The Airflow Perturbation Device can Aid in Assessing Occupational Disability from Asthma 315and Other Respiratory DiseaseFrank C Koh, Arthur T Johnson, William H Scott, Nischom Silverman

Differences in Airflow Patterns During Voluntary Coughs that Result from Obstructive Lung 317DiseaseDavid Frazer, Brian Stolarik, Walter McKinney, Sam Stone, Ali Afshari, Travis Goldsmith, Jacob Berkley,Jeff Reynolds, Ken Weber

Computer Controlled Ozone Inhalation Exposure System 319Walter McKinney, Travis Goldsmith, David Frazer

A System for Asphalt Fume Generation 321Sam Stone, Travis Goldsmith, Ali Afshari, David Frazer

Medical Devices IIPortable Multiplex Pathogen Detector 323Rupa Rao, Steve Visuri, Mary T McBride, Dennis Matthews

Transmitting Physiological Data to Remote Display Devices 325Qiang Liu, Mingui Sun, Robert J Sclabassi

Metal Detector Simulator for Medical Device EMI Tests 327Wolfgang Kainz, Jon Casamento, Martin Misakian, Owen Laug

Non-Invasive Functional Mapping of the Brain Using Cerebral Oximeter 329Shane Smoleny, Wayne Benjamin, Christian Gutierrez, Malcom Heimer, Ilker Yaylali

Simulation of an Implantable Volume Conduction Antenna 331Brian L Wessel, Robert J Sclabassi, Paul Roche, Mingui Sun

An Efficient Approach to Stent Design by Numerical Simulations 333M Panahandeh, EP Kasper

Internal Fixation in Osteoporotic Bone IIInitial Experiences with the Less Invasive Stabilization Plate for Non-Pathological Distal 335Femur FracturesPeter Reynders

Fixation of Distal Femur Fractures in Osteoporotic Bone: A Biomechanical Evaluation of 337the Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS), Angled Blade Plate, and Retrograde IM NailMichael Zlowodski, Scott Williamson, Lyle Zardiackas, Philip J Kregor

Computer-Aided Planning and Execution of External Fixation in Osteoporotic Bone 339Yoon-Hyuk Kim, Terry KK Koo, Nozomu Inoue, Edmund YS Chao

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Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures Using a Spiral Blade Intramedullary Nail System 341Augmented with Norian CementMS Wildstein, YH An, JM Conrad, DG Everman, S Kmiec, JM Green, KA Hogan, LA Hartsock

Cardiovascular Biomechanics IIIA Three-Dimentional Medel of a Polymer Composite Trileaflet Aortic Valve using Finite 343Element AnalysisYanran Liu, VA Kasyanov, RT Schoephoester

Atrio-Ventricular Nodal Influence on Spontaneous Termination of Ventricular Fibrillation 345in Isolated Rabbit HeartsSuresh E Joel, Peng-Wie Hsia

Fabrication of a Patient-Specific Compliant, Translucent, Synthetic Abdominal Aortic 347Aneurysm Model with ThrombusJarin Kratzberg, Scott Greifzu, Kristina Larson, Jay Dittman, Matthew McCormick, Michael Keller,Mahdavan L Raghavan

Arterial Flow Seen in Virtual Reality 349JA Sobel, A Forsberg, PD Richardson, DH Laidlaw, DF Keefe, I Pivkin, GE Karniadakis

Biomedical Engineering Topics IIHIPAA- and IEEE-Compliance in a Multi-GBPS Hetergeneous Globally Distributed Network 351C Robert Kline, James McDonald

Development of a Lower Limb Simulating Machine for Studying High Flexion Activities 353Ryan Shannon, Tony C Huang, Peter S Walker, Stanley Shinners

An Innovative Stress Relief for Osteoporotic Femur 355Mutlaq Almutairi, Faissal Mosley, Ted Conway

Stress Relaxation Behavior of Wrist Ligaments 357J Rectenwald, N Karkare, J Thiebaud, P Murray, S Saha

The Impact of Physical Activity Differences on BMD Between two College Female Populations 359WR Barfield, JF Otteni, AM McBryde, PJ Nietert, JS Carter

Respiratory Biomechanics IIThe Effect of Differing Facial Characteristics on Breathing Resistance Inside a Respirator Mask 361Joyce E Rebar, Arthur T Johnson

The Cost of Wearing Respiratory Protective Masks 363Arthur T Johnson, William H Scott, Jr, Frank C Koh, Nischom K Silverman

Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Pulmonary Function in Rats 365rid Frazer, Walter McKinney, Brian Stolarik, Jeff Reynolds, Kim Rosenberry, Ali Afshari

pirator Resistance and Performance 367ifilliam H Scott, Jr, Frank Koh, Nischom Silverman, Takayeh Young, Joyce C Rebar, Arthur T Johnson

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