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8/11/2019 bioMedical Electronics
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MEDICALELECTRONICS
PRESENTED BY
P.SUBATHRA DEVI,AP/ECE
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WHAT?
A branch of electronics
Electronic instruments and equipment
are used
Design concepts to medicine and
biology for healthcare purposes
Application of Engineering principles
Seeks to close the gap between
Engineeringand Medicine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering8/11/2019 bioMedical Electronics
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WHY?
Electronic devices are increasinglybeing seen in the field of medicine.
For the better service of patients not
only in hospitals but also outside thehospitals.
For advance healthcare treatment,
including diagnosis, monitoring, andtherapy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosis8/11/2019 bioMedical Electronics
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For eg:
Ultrasound representation of
Urinary bladder
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder8/11/2019 bioMedical Electronics
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Components - Medical Instrumentation
system
Display
Recorder
Signal
conditioner
Measurand
Sensor
Input Output
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Measurand (Physical quantities):
Position, displacement
Temperature,pressure
Sensor:
is a device that detects a change in a
physical stimulus and turns it into a signal
which can be measured or recorded
Signal conditioning:
Amplifying,waveshaping,filtering,
rectifying,
Display & Recorder:
Oscilloscope,ECG,ERG,EMG,etc.
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Common medical measurands
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Bioelectric Signals
ECG -Electro-Cardiogram, Heart activity
EMG -Electro-Myogram, Muscle
movement
EOG -Electro-Oculogram, Eye movement
EEG -Electro-Encephalogram, Electrical
activity along the scalp
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ECG measurement
Right arm, Left arm, Right Leg, LeftLeg
Any three Electrodes will be active
Lead I
Lead II
Lead III
Einthoven Triangle
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ECG Electrocardiogram
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ECG measurement
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ECG applications
Diagnostics
Functional analysis
Implants (pace maker) Biofeedback (Heart rate variability,HRV)
Monitoring
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EMG Electromyogram
EMG surface (glue-) electrodes EMG - signal (up to 3mV, 1kHz)
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EMG applications
Rehabilitation
Functional analysis Prothetics
Orthesis
Biomechanics
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EOG Electrooculogram
Eye movements to the left and right
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EOG applications
Diagnostics
Functional analysis Human Computer Interfaces
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EEG Electroencephalogram
EEG Electrode cap locations ofthe 10/20 system
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EEG Analysis
EEG range is classified as
Delta0.5 to 4 Hz
Theta4-8 Hz
Alpha8-13 Hz
Beta13-22 Hz
Gamma22-30 Hz
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EEG applications
Diagnostics (Epilepsy, Oncology, ..)
Sleep Analysis
Human Computer Interfaces
Pharmacology
Intensive Care, Monitoring
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Other Bioelectrical signals
Apexcardiograph
Ballistocardiograph
Electroretinograph
Vectorcardiograph
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Electrode & electrode paste
To pickup the electrical signals of thebody
Electrode paste is used to have a firm
contact between body & electrode. Types:
Based on the surface where we have
to get the bioelectrical signal.
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Needle electrode
To record the nerves action potentials.
Insulated metal wire is bent at one end
& is inserted through the lumen of the
needle.
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Surface electrode
To sense EEG & EMG
Types: Metal plate, suction cup,
Adhesive tape
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Surface electrodes
Vagina / rectal electrodes
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Depth electrode
To study the electrical activities ofneuron
To inject medicines into brain.
To measure oxygen tension.
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Multipoint & Floating electode
Contains nearly 1000 fine activecontact pins
The metal does not contact subject
directly.
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Other Electrodes:
Singe disk gold
plated electrodesEar clip electrode
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Other Electrodes:
PH Electrode
PCO2 Electrode
PO2 Electrode
Microelectrode
1.Metallic Micro electrode
2.Non-Metallic Microelectrode
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Components
Amplifiers Filters
Rectifiers
Transformers Oscillators
ADC
DAC
Timing circuits
Buffer
Multiplexer
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Defibrillators
For life-threatening cardiacdysrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation
Electrical energy to the heart with a
device called a defibrillatorAllows normal sinus rhythm
Ventricular fibrillation results from:
Coronary occlusion
Electrical shock
Abnormalities of body chemistry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_fibrillationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_sinus_rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_sinus_rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_fibrillationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmia8/11/2019 bioMedical Electronics
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Defibrillator
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DC Defibrillators-Circuit
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Recent trends
Remote patient monitoring
Radio pills
E-health
VLSI tools
ASIC-application specific IC
FPGA
SOC
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Expectations
portability and miniaturization,connectivity, safety, data security and
quality, and reliability.
dynamic power path management(DPPM)
increased efficiency
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Tips for healthy life
Eat healthy. Exercise.
Leave some time for leisure.
Make the decision not to worry.
Work to understand what stresses
you.
Leave time to laugh.
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Thank You