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Biomaterials for Lower-Limb Bone Repair
Matt Stone Nurul Matkamil
Outline:
Introduction a. Bone structure and properties b. Ideal criteria for biomaterials used in bone repair History and examples of biomaterials: a. Grafts b. Metal c. Ceramics d. Polymer Future outlook Conclusion
2
Bone structure and properties
3
Key Terms Osteoconductivity
Osteoinductivity
Osteogenicity
4
History
5
History
6
Challenges
7
Grafts
Allograft Graft from donor of the
same species
Autograft Graft taken from the
patient’s own body
8
Grafts
9
Grafts
10
Metals Internal fixation
Partial arthroplasty of the knee, hip, or ankle
Total arthroplasty of the knee, or hip
11
Metals
Stainless steel Older uses
Co-Cr alloys Current staple
Titanium alloys Newer and promising
12
Metals
13
Metals
14
Metals
15
Ceramics
• Alumina • Bioglass • Hydroxyapatite
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Alumina
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Alumina
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Bioglass
19
Hydroxyapatite (HA)
20
Hydroxyapatite (HA)
21
Polymers
PMMA Bone cement
High density polyethylene Low friction interface
Hydrogel Scaffolding
22
Polymers
23
Polymers
24
Polymers
25
Composites and Others
Metal coated with hydroxyapatite
Polymer-ceramics: collagen and hydroxyapatite
Inject bone marrow, growth factors, and bone morphogenic protein
26
Future Outlook
Nanoengineering biocompatible surfaces for adhesion of osteogenic entities
Carbon nanotube re-enforcement
Tissue engineering
27
Future Outlook
28
Summary
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Conclusion
Bone is the ideal material
Current methods for procuring bone still have challenges
Metal is the mainstay of lower-limb reconstruction
Combinations of materials work even better
30
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Biomaterials for Lower-Limb Bone RepairOutline:Bone structure and propertiesKey TermsHistoryHistoryChallengesGraftsGraftsGraftsMetalsMetalsMetalsMetalsMetalsCeramicsAluminaAluminaBioglassHydroxyapatite (HA)Hydroxyapatite (HA)PolymersPolymersPolymersPolymersComposites and OthersFuture OutlookFuture OutlookSummaryConclusionSlide Number 31ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences