Biomaterials for Dental Implants: An OverviewInternational Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research, JanuaryApril !"##$!%#&:#'!( 13 IJOICR Biomaterials for Dental Implants: An Overview 1 BC Muddugangadhar, GAmarnath, iddhi !ripathi, u"hismita Di#shit, Div$a M% 3 3 & 1 Reader, Depart ment of Prosthodontics Including Crown, Bridge and Implantology MR Ambedar Dental College and !ospital, Bengaluru, "arnataa, India # Professor and !ead, Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown, Bridge and Implantology MR Ambedar Dental College and !ospital, Bengaluru, "arnataa, India $ Postgraduate %tudent, Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown, Bridge and Implantology MR Ambedar Dental College and !ospital, Bengaluru, "arnataa, India & %enior 'ecturer, Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown, Bridge and Implantology MR Ambedar Dental College and !ospital, Bengaluru, "arnataa, India Corresponden"e: BC Muddugangadhar, Reader, Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown, Bridge and Implantology MR Ambedar Dental College and !ospital, 1($), Cline Road, Cooe *own, Bengaluru+)---, "arnataa, India Phone. /01+00--1-)0 , e+mail. drbcmuddu2gmail3co m REVIEW ARTICLE AB!'AC! *he goal of modern dentistry is to restore the patient to normal contour, function, comfort, esthetics, speech and health regardless of the atrophy, dis ease or in4ury of the stomatognathic system3 As a result of continued research in treatment planning, implant designs, materials and techni5ues, predictable success is now a reality for the rehabilitation of many challenging situations3 *he biocompatibility profiles of synthetic substances 6biomaterials7 used for the replacement or augmentation of biologic tissues has always been a critical concern within the health care disciplines3 8or optimal performance, implant biomaterials should ha9e suitable mechanical strength, biocompatibility and structural biostability in physiologic en9ironments3 *his article re9iews the 9arious implant biomat erials and theirsuitability of use in imp lant dentistry3 "eywords. Biomaterial, Biocompatibility, Biostability, Biomimetics, Augmentation3 I(!'OD)C!IO( Biomaterials are those materials that are compatible with the living tissues. The physical properties of the materials, their potential to corrode in the tissue environment, theirsurface configuration, tissue induction and their potential for eliciting inflammation or rejection response are all important factors under this area. The biomaterial discipline has evolved significantly over the past decades. The goal ofbiomaterials researc h has been and continu ed to develop implant materials that induce predictable, control-guided and rapid healing of the interfacial tissues both h ard and soft. 1 The most critical aspect of biocompatibility is dependent on the basic bulk and surface properties and biomaterials. Materials used for fabrication of dental implants can be categoried in two different ways! 1. "hemical poin t#metals, c eramics $. Biologic al point#bi odynamic materia ls! biotoler ant, bioinert, bi oactive Biomaterials, regardless of use, fall into four general categories! Metals and metallic alloys, ceramics, synthetic polymers a nd natural materials . Metals a nd metal al loys that utilie oral implants include titanium, tantalum and alloy ofTi-%l-&a, "o-"r-Mb, 'e-"r-(i. These materials are generally selected on basis of their overall strength properties. Bioinert materials allow close appro)imation of bone on their surface leading to contact osteogenesis. These materials allow the formation of new bone on their surface and ion e)change with the tissues leads to the formation ofa chemical bonding along the interface bonding osteogenesis. Biotolerant are those that are not necessarily rejected when implanted into living tissue. They are human bone morphogenetic protein-$ *rh BM+-$, which induces bone formation de novo. Biomimetics are tissue integrated engineered materials designed to mimic specific biologic processes and help optimie the healingregenerative response of the host microenvironment. Bioinert and Bioactive materials are also called osteoconductive, meaning that they can act as scaffolds allowing bone growth on their surfaces. *AC!O'A**+C!I(G IM-A(! BIOMA!+'IA- 'actor affecting biocompatibility includes chemical, mechanical, electrical and surface specific properties. $,1-3--(4p+4ournals+1--1#+1-$-
