Targeted Intelligent Energy System

Biomass to Fuel Presentation

Rotawave Ltd

Demands on Power Generation 1. Growing Energy Demand

Population Growth Improving standards in the third world

2. Reducing the impact of electricity generation

Clean fossil fuel technology Renewables

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Rotawave Ltd

Biomass Generation – part of the mix

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Worlds fourth largest energy resource Renewable and sustainable Cost effective with respect to other renewable energy resources Base load option – not influenced by weather etc. Commercially proven

Coal Substitution

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Capital Plant - Many existing coal fired generation sets no longer meet environmental legislation, and are closing. - They need to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and particulates (dust) - The cheapest way to convert them is using a substance which is like coal, but does not have the same emissions. - Projected power short fall as early as 2014.

Opex - Typically a power station emits 2.3 tonnes of C02 for every tonne of coal burnt. - The ETS charge adds 0.7p extra per kWh.

Rotawave Ltd

Disadvantages of untreated biomass Advantages of torrified biomass Poor long term stability Stable no biodegradation

Water sensitive Hydrophobic

Fibrous, difficult to grind Brittle, suitable for ball mills

Feedstock-specific material handling Compatible with coal handling equipment

Low energy density High energy density

Poor transport economics Improved transport economics

Problems with Biomass as Fuel

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Rotawave Ltd

What is torrefaction?

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•  Torrefaction of wood can be described as gently heating wood in a low oxygen environment.

•  Biomass properties are changed to obtain a much better fuel quality for combustion and gasification applications.

•  Torrefaction leads to a dry product. •  Torrefaction combined with densification leads to a

very energy-dense fuel of 20 to 25 GJ/ton. •  Unfortunately heating a great insulator like wood in

an even manner is not that easy…..unless.

Rotawave Ltd

Energy can be transferred directly

Solution - Microwaves

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Biomass

Water High Penetration

No contact

Targeted heating of active sites hence Low Bulk Temperature

Active Sites

Rotawave Ltd

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Biochar Production at Our Pilot Plant

Conventional Thermal Char Rotawave

Char

Rotawave Ltd

Biomass

Microwave treatment

Char: solid fuel Drying

Thermal Energy

Electrical Energy

Microwave Biomass Process

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Select Gas

Export

Rotawave Ltd

Typical Pellet Properties •  High calorific value 21- 26MJ/kg •  Low ash <3% •  Low sulphur •  High HGI >40 •  High bulk density >700kg/m3 •  Water resistant •  Fully compatible with coal •  High energy density •  Low GHG

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Rotawave Ltd

So how does it compare?

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Rotawave Ltd

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and the proof of the pudding……