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Biomass Energy 

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• Through

photosynthesisplants convertsunlight energy intochemical energy

• Biomass isstored sunlightenergy that can beconverted to:

Electricity 

Fuel Heat Fertilizer 

What is Biomass?

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• Biomass is available almost everywhere in the world

• Good biomass energy resourceshave a high yield of dry material and use minimal land 

• Crops shouldgenerate more energy 

than their production consume

• Biological power sources are: 

Renewable Easily stored CO2 neutral (ifharvested sustainably)

Resources

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Biomass

Harvesting;

Processing

Transport to Bio-Energy Plant

Combustion

Fermentation

 Anaerobic Digestion

Mechanical

Bio-Energy Plant Processing

Bio-Ethanol 

Heat

Electricity

Biogas

Oil

Bio-Energy Primary Products

Chemicals

Fuel

Bio-Energy Secondary Products

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Combustion: Electricity

• Biomass can be burned in power plants to generate electricity

• In combined Heat and Power systems, the waste heat energy is

also used to heat water or nearby homes. 

HeatCombustion

Electricity 

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.

Combustion: Heating & Cooking

Wood can be burned to  ̶  

• Heat a house• Prepare food 

CombustionHeat

Electricity

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 Anaerobic Digestion: Biogas

• Biogas technology formalizes the naturaldecomposition process in the absence ofoxygen = anaerobic digestion

• Biogas digester consists of one or moreairtight reservoirs into which a suitablemoist feedstock is placed

• Digester can be big or small

• Compounds produced by this process is:1. Methane gas = used for heating,cooking &  electricity

2. Odourless slurry = excellent fertilizer 

 Anaerobic Digestion Biogas

Heat

Electricity 

Fertilizer

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Fermentation: Biofuel 

• Biomass can be convertedinto liquid biofuels throughfermentation 

• Maize and sugar cane can

be converted into:

1. Ethanol   ̶  a liquid biofuel2. Methane  ̶  a gas

Fermentation Ethanol

Heat

Electricity

Chemicals

Fuel

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 • Sunflower seed oil andsoybean oil can be converted into

biodiesel

• These fuels are more effectivethan wood = a more concentratedenergy source

Concerns: • Effect of monocrops on nature?

• Dare we use food for fuel?

Mechanical Processing: Biodiesel

Heat

Mechanical  Bio-oil  Electricity

Processing  ChemicalsTransport fuel