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Biomass for Energy Generation in Malaysia
4th Biomass-Asia Workshop20 November 2007
Grand Blue Wave, Shah Alam
Anuar Abdul Rahman
Pusat Tenaga Malaysia
Crude Oil Prices
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1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Nom
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Official Price of Saudi Light Refiner Acquisition Cost of Imported Crude Oil (IRAC) Source: EIA
Petroleum Development Act 1974
National Petroleum Policy 1975
National Energy Policy 1979
National Depletion Policy 1980
Four-fuel Diversification Policy 1981
RE as 5th Fuel Policy 2001
Kick Start of SREP
2008
WORLD PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
Oil resource Year of Global Year of Global
estimate Production Decline Demand unmet
Low 2012 2007
Mid 2030 2023
High 2041 2033Source: Energy, Vol 29; 2004
MALAYSIA ENERGY SCENARIO
Fossil fuels continue to be main fuels for electricity generation
Mainly gasIncreasing use of coal and hydro
Based on current capacity and productionOil : 19 yearsGas : 33 years
% of RE for grid-connected electricity negligible against target of 5% of grid-connected electricity by year 2005Energy efficiency initiatives constrained by subsidised energy price
RE PotentialType ofIndustry
Production (Thousand Tonne)
Residue Residue product Ratio
(%)
Residue Generated(Thousand Tonne)
PotentialEnergy
PJ
PotentialElecMWe
EFB 21.14 15,701 74 714
Fiber 12.72 9,447 140 1,353
Shell 5.67 4,211 71 683
Total 29,360 285 2,750
Others(POME) 51,990 30 428
Rice Husk 22 471 7.6 72
Paddy Straw 40 856 8.8 80
Sugar 1,111 Bagasse 32 356 356 314
2,937,679 m3 Sawn timber 0.5-0.6 1,692,718 m3 5.2 50
523,336 Plywood and veneer
0.18-0.65 121,000m3 0.374 4
147,813 Moulding 0.2-1.0 75,600 m3 0.232 2
Wood
Paddy 2,141
74,272
Oil palm
No.Type Energy Resource Approved
ApplicationGrid Connect Capacity (MW)
1 Biomass Empty Fruit Bunches
15 103.2
Wood Residues 1 6.6
Rice Husk 1 4.1
Municipal Solid Waste
4 25
2 Landfill Gas 3 6.0
3 Mini-hydro 23 93.2
Total 47 244
SREP
Approved Application from Biomass’s project = 21 projects
Total of Potential Grid Connected Capacity from Biomass = 138.9MW
Source: Energy Commission (July 2006)
Northern Region
1000 MWe
Eastern Region
400 MWe
Sabah
900 MWe
Central Region
300 MWe
Southern Region
700 MWe
Biomass Resource Map
Total biomass-based installed generation capacity – 700 MWe
Sarawak
360 MWe
Total potential biomass-based generation capacity – 3700 MWe
SREP Fully Commissioned Projects
TSH Bioenergy Sdn Bhd
Located in Kunak, Sabah
Generation Capacity of 14 MW (10 MW to be sold to SESB)
Fuel use – oil palm residues (EFB, shells and fibres)Expected 40,000 to 50,000 tonnes CO2 mitigation annually.
Jana Landfill Sdn Bhd
Located at Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill, Puchong, Selangor.
2 MW installed capacity.
Fuel by biogas that capture from the landfill area.
Commission in April 2004.
Click to edit Master title style
Absence of a clear mechanism on renewable energy development
Lack of accessible and favourable financing schemes
Uncertain financial viability
Lack of successful models to demonstrate viability
Reliability of biomass feedstock fuel supply
Lack of proven biomass based energy technology
Issues & Concern for Grid-Connect Biomass-based Project
Click to edit Master title styleSupporting Measures for Grid-Connect Projects in Malaysia
Electricity feed-in tariff at 21 cents/kWh for biogas and biomass based power generation
SREP, REPPA, Interconnection support and Local Authorities Facilitation.
Technical and Financial Consultancy
CDM Application Facilitation
Facilitation of Tax Incentive or other available incentives.
Soft Loan facility – need to be set-up
.
The Biomass-based Power Generation and Cogeneration Project in the Palm Oil Industry
To remove barriers:
i) Lack of information services to promote biomass energy development and application
ii) REPPA terms and conditions
iii) Lack of accessible and favorable financing schemes
iv) Lack of successful models to demonstrate the viability of biomass-based grid connected power generation/CHP
v) Uncertainties in the implementation of biomass-based energy technology •To promote demonstration of techno-
economic viability, design, development and sustainable operation & maintenance of biomass-based grid connected power generation/CHP projects.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
BioGen FSM Projects
MHES Asia Sdn Bhd, Jempol, Bahau Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) biomass based power generation (10 MW).
FELDA Serting Hilir biogas based power generation from palm oil mill effluent (1.0 MWe).
MHES ASIA SB PROJECT PROGRESS(as at October 2007)
Schematic diagram of biomass based power generation for MHES Asia Sdn Bhd
1. Engineering 95.7%
2. Procurement 98.5%
3. Fabrication 85.0 %
4. Construction 19.48 %
5. Installation 3.5%
6. Commissioning 0%
Overall Progress 72.94%
Target mechanical completion Date : 31 Dec 2007
Target commercial operation Date : 31 April 2008
Biogas FSM Project• Project Location:
Kilang Sawit Serting Hilir, Daerah Jempol, Bahau, Negeri Sembilan.
• Power Plant Capacity:Installed capacity : 640 kWe initially and will increased up to 1.2 MWeafter plant stabilize.
Roof truss completed with partial plate mounted on a tank
Installation of steel plate and roof truss
Cutting of Top Plate at Tank 2
FELDA PALM INDUSTRIES Biogas Plant Project Progress (as at November 2007)
1. Engineering 90%
2. Procurement 70%
3. Fabrication 90 %
4. Construction 25 %
5. Installation 0%
6. Commissioning 0%
Overall Progress 42%
Schematic diagram of Felda Palm Industries biogas based power generation project
Project Development Status
Fuel Handling System Partially delivered. Complete delivery due Nov.07
Enviro-cycler Due mid Nov.07
Steam Turbine Generator Due Dec.07
Master Control Panel Due mid Nov.07
Cooling Tower Early Dec.07
1st Boiler Sept.07
2nd Boiler Sept.07
Click to edit Master title styleOFF-GRID RE Generating Capacity in Malaysia (2005)
Total Installed Capacity (MW) for RE (palm oil waste, paddy husk,
wood waste)
Total Installed Capacity (MW) for mini-hidro power station (<50MW)
215.4 104.1
9.9
7.3
121.3
127.2
Sarawak 360.0 1903.00
702.6
Total Electricity Generation
(Gwh/yr) by RE
Peninsular Malaysia
345.43
Sabah 89.44
Total 2337.87
Off-Grid: Wood residues biomass based steam production Plant at Heveaboard SB
1. Biomass Fired Thermal Oil Heater for Particleboard ProductionThe total project cost is RM 2.8 million giving the company a simple payback period of 4 years.The replacement of existing Medium fuel oil fired thermal oil heater, total annual fossil fuel savings of about 38,000 GJ were achieved. Burner with fuel feed and
ash removal
Year MFO saved (GJ/year)
Cost savings (RM)
2005 37,775 471,296.222006 36,097 719,992.30
Heating coil section
Off-Grid: Biomass fired Rubber Wood Processing at Heveaboard S.B.
Heater furnace
Sawdust conveyor
/inlet
OFF-GRID Oil Palm Residues Steam Production Plant, Sabah
Oil Fired Boiler(Previous)
Biomass Boiler(New)
Fuel Consumption 1 mil litre/month MFO 9,000 Mt/hour biomass
Steam Production 30 tonne/hour 30-35 tonne/hour
Type of Fuel MFO Biomassa. Empty Fruit Bunches b. Mesocarp Fibresc. Palm Kernel Shells
•Fuel Treatment : EFB (pressing, shredding and drying) mixed with mesocarp fibres and palm kernel shells
•Total Cost: RM 10.3 million (Equipment Cost: RM 6.8 million Installation Cost: RM 3.5 million)
Off-Grid:Rice Husk based Cogeneration Plant, Kedah
Cost Factors Annual Savings
Electricity supply RM 240,000Diesel oil for paddy drying
RM 140,000
Rice husk disposal RM 40,000
•The plant generates 470 kW of electricity used in the milling section
•The plant displaces 641 tonnes of fuel oil and 2,868,750 kWh of grid electricity per year.
• The investment cost is RM2.9 millionwith a payback period of 4 years.
*Savings:
Case 3 : Wood residues based Steam production Plant, Miri, Sarawak
•Installed capacity: 6 MW,
•4.5 MW will be supplied to adjacent factory, remaining 1.5 MW for internal used.
•Fuel type : wood wastes
•Current electricity source: 2 diesel generators
•Total project cost : RM 19.5 million or
RM 3.2 million/MW
•Payback period : 2.5 years
*Savings as per adjacent table
Diesel consumption
7,450 litres/day
Diesel Cost RM 1.40/litreAnnual Working Day
330 days
Annual Diesel Cost
RM 3.4 million
Diesel cost for 2 Gensets
RM 6.88 million /year
Click to edit Master title styleConclusion
There are abundance potential of biomass resources in Malaysia
Non-grid projects are widely replicated throughout the country using various biomass resources
Oil palm residues are the major potential for RE based power generation estimated at 2400 MW
Paddy residues potential for power generation estimated at 156 MW. Plant-up capacity can be further increase.
Bagasse is used in sugar mills to generate power and steam for own consumption
Wood waste residues is declining due to modern equipment used and recycled for other products
Thank YouPusat Tenaga Malaysia
No 2, Jalan 9/10
Persiaran Usahawan, Seksyen 9
43650 Bandar Baru Bangi
Selangor
Website: www.ptm.org.myE-mail: [email protected]