Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Biomass, Batteries and Balancing the Future
Rachel Lee
University of Sheffield
With thanks to
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Content• We’ve always stored energy so…
• What’s changed - some current challenges
• What can biomass and batteries contribute?
• How might we design a future system?
• Conclusions
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Historical Energy Storage
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
What’s Changed?It depends on the time scale….
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Sub-second sensitivity
High/Low Events Standard Deviation
System Frequency
Thanks to Sam Homan, University of Sheffield
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
48.7
48.8
48.9
49.0
49.1
49.2
49.3
49.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Freq
uenc
y (H
z)
Time (s)
23200
23400
23600
23800
24000
24200
24400
24600
24800
25000
Gen
erat
ion/
Load
(MW
)
Frequency (High Inertia) Frequency (Low Inertia) Generation (High Inertia)Generation (Low Inertia) Load (High Inertia) Load (Low Inertia)
Aside on Inertia – Why it’s important1800M
W G
eneration Loss
Frequency Nadir with 200GVA-s Inertia
Frequency Nadir with 100GVA-s Inertia
Automatic Load-
disconnection Threshold
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Daily Dramas and Duck Curves
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7D
eman
d (N
orm
alis
ed t
o Ea
rly H
ours
Mea
n)
2014 - Total Demand 2014 Exc. Solar2015 20162017 2018
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7D
eman
d (N
orm
alis
ed t
o Ea
rly H
ours
Mea
n)
2018 2018 - Total Demand
Daily Dramas and Duck Curves
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Winter highs
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Reflections on Wind?
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Inter-Seasonal WoesDecarbonising Heat
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
TWh
per D
ay
Heat Pump Additional Demand at CoP=2.5
Base Daily Electricity Demand
Additional Electrolyser Demand (MeanMonthly @ 65% x 90% efficiency)
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
What can Biomass and Batteries Contribute?
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Some perspective….
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
02468
101214161820
Current UKBatteries
DinorwigPumpedHydro
Drax BiomassStorage
65% of15Million EV
Batteries
Pow
er O
utpu
t (Pe
rcen
tage
of m
ean
dem
and)
Stor
age
Capa
city
(Hou
rs o
f mea
n de
man
d)
Hours of Storage at Mean DemandPower Output (% of mean demand)
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Biomass & Batteries together?
Note: ‘ ‘ means very unlikely not always impossible!
Gri
d B
atte
ries
EV
Bat
teri
es
Cold
B
iom
ass
Pla
nt
Hot
B
iom
ass
Pla
nt
True Inertia
Synthetic Inertia ? N/A N/A
Frequency Response ?
Short-Term Reserve (Minutes-Hours)
Medium term Balancing (Hours – Days) ?
Long Term Balancing (Days – Week(s)) ?
Inter-Seasonal Balancing / Heating ? N/A
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
How might a summer week look?
Biomass?
Biomass?
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Future systemsDesign and Operation
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Biomass & batteries: balancing
Waste Boiler
Waste Store GHeat
Pump
GBiomass
BoilerBiomass
Store
Thermal Store
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Biomass & batteries:sub-second sensitivity
Waste Boiler
Waste Store GHeat
Pump
G
EfW ~5-10% reqd. inertia(20Mt waste @ 12GJ/t)
Low InertiaGeneration
Grid BatteriesSynthetic Inertia
Sync. Compensators+ Flywheel/turbine
Biomass Boiler
Biomass Store
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Biomass & batteries:Daily Dramas and Duck Curves
Waste Boiler
Waste Store GHeat
Pump
G
Thermal Store
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Biomass & batteries:Winter Highs
Waste Boiler
Waste Store GHeat
Pump
GBiomass
BoilerBiomass
Store
Thermal Store
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Biomass & batteries:Inter-seasonal Woes
Waste Boiler
Waste Store GHeat
Pump
GBiomass
StoreBiomass
Boiler
Thermal Store
Geo-thermal Store
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Biomass & batteries:Inter-seasonal Woes
Waste Boiler
Waste Store GHeat
Pump
GLiquid or Gas Biofuel
Thermal Store
Geo-thermal Store
After Claverton Energy Group Members
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Conclusions
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and Its Applications
Take away messages• Biomass and batteries could be good partners
• Biomass plant could contribute inertia and other services when offline• Potential revenue stream during summer shut-down months
• EV V2G could give time to get biomass plant online
• EfW with CHP & District Heating:• summer base heat load for domestic/commercial hot water• Power to industrial heat pumps to top-up DH / thermal stores• Will contribute to grid stability / inertia
• Biomass provides inter-seasonal storage possibilities• Can also top-up thermal/geo-thermal store during ‘shoulder periods’
• Biomass will always be a niche solution – there isn’t enough to go round……• Focus on solving niche problems?
Biomass, Batteries and Balancing the Future
Discussion….