Slide 2 Biology Week 2015 Quiz Answers Ages 16-18 Points shown
in ( ) Slide 3 Who discovered the structure of DNA? Contributed by
the Biochemical Society (2) Question 1 Watson and Crick In 1953,
Watson and Crick were the first to reveal DNA exists in a three-
dimensional double helix structure and they received a Nobel Prize
in Physiology and Medicine for their discovery in 1962. Rosalind
Franklin was responsible for the X-ray crystallography discovery
that gave them the shape. Slide 4 Which of the following vitamins
can be made in the skin? a)Vitamin C b)Vitamin D c)Vitamin K
d)Vitamin E e)Vitamin B (1) Question 2 Answer: b) Vitamin D Vitamin
D is created via dermal synthesis from sunlight. Vitamin D is
crucial in the development of our bones, and if a deficiency
occurs, individuals can suffer from rickets (in childhood) and
osteomalacia (in adults), both characterised by the softening and
sometimes deformity of the skeleton. Slide 5 Why is the sea blue?
Contributed by the Marine Biological Association (1) Question 3 The
red, orange, yellow, and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so
that the remaining light we see is composed of the shorter
wavelength of blues and violets. This is the main reason why the
sea appears to be the colour blue. Slide 6 Which mollusc species
holds the record for containing the strongest natural substance
known to man? a) Limpet b) Octopus c) Mussel Contributed by the
Marine Biological Association (1) Question 4 Answer: a) Limpet
Limpets teeth are considered to be the strongest biological
material. Slide 7 A shoal of fish a gaggle of geese a colony of
ants Name the following animal groups: a) A of rhinoceroses b) A of
owls c) A of porcupines d) A of mice e) A of bears (5) Question 5 A
CRASH of rhinoceroses A PARLIAMENT of owls A PRICKLE of porcupines
A MISCHIEF of mice A SLEUTH of bears Slide 8 Neurones transmit
electrical signals all over our bodies in order to help us react to
our environment. Label the diagram of the motor neurone below: (6)
Question 6 Dendrite Cell body Node of Ranvier Nucleus Axon Myelin
sheath Slide 9 Gel electrophoresis is used to separate and purify
strands of DNA. The rate at which DNA migrates through the agarose
gel is determined by which of the following two factors: a) The
molecular size of the DNA b) The agarose gel concentration c) The
negativity charge of the DNA d) The length of the agarose gel (2)
Question 7 Answer: a) and b) The molecular size of the DNA and the
agarose gel concentration. Slide 10 Speciation is the evolutionary
process by which new biological species arise. Name the two types
of speciation and how they occur. (2) Question 8 Allopatric and
Sympatric Sympatric speciation occurs when populations of a species
that share the same habitat become reproductively isolated from
each other (different number of chromosomes). Sympatric speciation
is rare and it occurs most often in plant species. Allopatric
speciation occurs when populations of a species become
geographically isolated, and gene flow ceases. Barriers could
include a body of water or mountain range that prevent the
organisms from mixing. Slide 11 The wolf, water, zebra and swamp
are species of which animal? a) Beetle b) Fish c) Spider d) Orchid
(1) Biology Challenge Question 9 Answer: c) Spider There are about
40,000 known species of spiders in the world. Slide 12 Name the two
processes through which cells divide. Contributed by the
Biochemical Society Question 10(2) Mitosis & Meiosis In normal
cells, division occurs by mitosis, where a cell duplicates all of
its contents and splits to form two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis is fundamental to life and is how our body cells replicate.
Meiosis occurs in order to form sperm or egg cells. It is a
two-step process that halves the chromosome number, so that when
the sperm and egg cells unite at conception, each contributes 23
chromosomes so the resulting embryo will have the usual 46. Meiosis
also allows for genetic variation as the DNA is shuffled during the
replication. Slide 13 Which bird makes this call? a) European Robin
b) Eurasian Magpie c) Superb Fairy-Wren d) Red-bellied Woodpecker
European Robin Question 11 (1) Answer: a) European Robin Slide 14
Question 12 What does ATP stand for? What kind of cellular
transport is ATP involved in? (2) ATP stands for Adenosine Tri
Phosphate, and is the major energy currency molecule of the cell.
ATP is involved with active transport as the energy helps to
actively pump substances into or out of the cell. ATP can help set
up concentration gradients in order to, for example, to keep
unwanted ions or other molecules out of the cell that are normally
able to diffuse through the cell membrane passively. Slide 15
TRUE/FALSE: When penetrating a rice leaf, rice blast fungus
generates greater air pressure than inside a car tyre. Contributed
by the British Society for Plant Pathology (1) Question 13 TRUE The
rice blast fungus forms a structure called an appresorium, which
uses extremely high turgor pressure to penetrate rice leaves. Slide
16 What type of animal are the following famous on-screen
characters? a)Beethoven b)Sven c)Nermal d)Sonic e)Charlotte (5)
Question 14 St Bernard dog, Beethoven Reindeer, Frozen Tabby cat,
Garfield Hedgehog, Sonic the Hedgehog Spider, Charlottes Web Slide
17 Match the following terms. (1) Succession Climax community
Pioneer species Abiotic environment Process by which the structure
of a biological community evolves over time The first species to
colonise an area A stable, mature ecosystem at the end stage of
succession Non-living chemical and physical parts of an ecosystem
Question 15 Slide 18 Actin and myosin interactions are responsible
for cell movement, including muscle contraction. Briefly describe
the basic structure of both actin and myosin. Question 16 (2)
Myosin is a motor protein, responsible for generating the force in
a muscle contraction. It consists of a head and a tail region, and
hundreds of these come together to create a thick filament. Actin
is composed of two long chains of proteins that form a thin
filament in muscle cells. Actin and myosin bind to one another as
part of the sliding filament model in order to allow for muscle
movement. Slide 19 Identify this species of animal: Even-toed
ungulate Characteristic coat pattern Heart can be 2ft long and up
to 11kg heavy Communicate over long distances by infrasound Not
confident swimmers Blue tongue Question 17 (1) Giraffe Slide 20
What are the six proposed basic tastes that our tongue can detect?
Question 18 (1) Contributed by Oxford University Press Sweet,
salty, sour, bitter, umami and oleogustus The latter is the most
recently discovered and is thought to arise from fat. Slide 21
Question 19 Phagocytes are involved in the immune response; what
are phagocytes and what do they do? (2) Phagocytes are a type of
white blood cell, known as a neutrophil. They are released during
the immune response and engulf pathogens and bacteria, rendering
them harmless. Phagocytes will alter its cell membrane to
encapsulate a pathogen and once it has it inside the phagosome,
will fuse its lysosomes (vesicles containing digestive enzymes) to
the phagosome in order to digest and ultimately kill the pathogen.
Slide 22 Which animal would Sir David Attenborough most like to be?
a)Seahorse b)Sloth c)Slow worm d)Siberian tiger e)Salamander
Question 20(1) Answer: b) Sloth In a Royal Society of Biology
interview, when asked this question, Attenborough replied a sloth,
so he could enjoy hanging around upside down, wanting nothing but
another chew on a leaf. Video:
www.youtube.com/v/ITOmOXAipyE&autoplay=1
www.youtube.com/v/ITOmOXAipyE&autoplay=1 Slide 23 How did you
do? Scores out of /40 Tweet @RoyalSocBio using #BiologyWeek Love
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