Biology Unit Unit C: From Life to Lifestyle Science 14 and 10-4
with Mrs M
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Biology Unit C: Life to Lifestyle Chapter 8: Structure and
Function of Plant and Animal Cells Chapter 10: Food for Life
Chapter 11: Maintaining Homeostasis (with Mr. Watts)
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This week Monday 9.1 Life functions Tuesday 9.2 Photosynthesis
and Cellular respiration 9.3 Organ systems Wednesday Blood pressure
and heart rate lab Thursday 9.4 and Review Friday test
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Chapter 9 Life Functions How do you know plants and animals are
living things? Living things: Grow (create new cells) Reproduce
(create new cells) Move and transport (function of cells) Cells
have structures that carry out necessary life processes.
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9.1 Life Functions Common to All Living Things Function: an
activity, work or operation done for a particular purpose Life
functions: the activities carried out by cells and organ
systems
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Think back to Planet Earth: Ice Worlds Transport: penguins move
from breeding grounds to the ocean ice Nutrition: eat fish Growth:
from a hatched egg Are well adapted to the cold Can swim Work
together to conserve heat
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Life Functions identify life functions common to living systems
energy conversion response to the environment growth reproduction
conserving or dissipating heat (e.g., torpor, dormancy,
hibernation, vascular skin, sweat gland behaviour)
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Adaptations An adaptation is a trait with a functional role in
the life processes of an organism. Venus Fly Trap
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7eQKSf0LmY Digests the fly for 10
days until only a husk remains Can still grow from photosynthesis
even though it is carnivorous
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Torpor Inactivity Snails become inactive during the hottest
driest part of summer when food and moisture are scarce
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How do these animals deal with heat? Vascular skin Sweat glands
Panting
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How do different organisms deal with winter?
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Hibernation Type of torpor Deep sleep
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Lungfish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUD8pTY-He0 Adapt to
survive during drought
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Frogs Hibernate Frogs freeze solid in winter but the ice doesnt
penetrate their cells because of antifreeze proteins
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Antifreeze Proteins
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Snakes Hibernate Called a hibernaculum
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Hibernaculum
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Trees go dormant having normal physical functions suspended or
slowed down for a period of time; in or as if in a deep sleep
dormancy conserves energy
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Life Functions 1.Transportation 2.Nutrition 3.Growth and repair
4.Reproduction 5.Regulation 6.Metabolism 7.Synthesis
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1. Transportation 1. Transportation: Is the movement of the
______________________, its _________________, or its internal
____________________. For example, celery needs to transport water
to its leaves A spider needs to _______________ a web A Venus
flytrap needs to move its _______________________
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2. Nutrition Producing or obtaining ________________ For
example, a foal nurses from its mother; the horse eats
_____________
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3. Growth and Repair 3. Growth and repair __________________
and repairing body parts For example, all plants and animals grow.
When injured, the body can _____________
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4. Reproduction Making new cells or a new _______________ For
example, seeds grow into _______________ Single-celled organisms
divide to create a new cell
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5. Regulation Responding to changes in the ___________________
For example, when an animal is thirsty, it drinks ______________
After an animal drinks water, it needs to excrete this fluid
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6. Metabolism To get energy, organisms undergo cellular
respiration For example, __________________________, digesting, and
eliminating wastes
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7. Synthesis Directing cell _______________ to create needed
___________________ For example, plants undergo photosynthesis to
make ________________ and ____________________
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Notes: Cells and Tissues are Specialized A unique structural
design helps cells perform a specific function
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Animal Cells: Recall that animal cells have the same parts,
though there are different types
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Different Plant Cells :
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Different cells, different roles stomata in the leaves for
water balance skin cells are flat to cover large surface area plant
cell walls provide structural support nerve cells are long for
transmission of impulses storage of chemical energy in roots [e.g.,
sugar beets], stems [e.g., sugar cane] and fruits [e.g.,
apples]
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9.1 questions Page 182 What is my role? How do different cells
have different roles? Check Your Understanding page 183 #2 Do
plants and animals share the same life functions? Give a reason for
your answer.
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9.2 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Only plants, algae,
and some bacteria undergo photosynthesis All living organisms
undergo cellular respiration
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Photosynthesis: plants create sugar for food It STORES energy
Cellular Respiration: metabolism, using sugar for energy It
RELEASES energy
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Photosynthesis Plants make their own food The process by which
chloroplasts in plant cells convert sunlight, water, and carbon
dioxide into sugar (glucose) and oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water +
Sunlight energy -> Oxygen + Sugar (food/chemical energy)
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Photosynthesis
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Cellular Respiration The chemical change that converts food
into energy within a cell During cellular respiration, the food
that is produced undergoes chemical change and releases energy
Sugar + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Energy
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Chemistry Review O 2 oxygen CO 2 carbon dioxide H 2 O water C 6
H 12 O 6 glucose sugar
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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected
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Plants store sugars differently
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Plant organs
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Plants have a shoot system (above ground for photosynthesis)
and also a root system (below ground for nutrients and water
absorption)
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Investigation: Where are the greatest rates of photosynthesis
and why? Most sunlight Most water Most carbon dioxide?
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Sunlight
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Water
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How would talking to your plants help them to grow? Carbon
dioxide + Water + Sunlight energy -> Oxygen + Sugar
(food/chemical energy)
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9.3 Imagine a machine that can do the following: pump fluids
for years and years without stopping release energy from food
eliminate wastes send messages reproduce itself or parts of
itself
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9.3 Human Organ Systems Your Body: pump fluids for years and
years without stopping release energy from food eliminate wastes
send messages reproduce itself or parts of itself
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Humans have: Respiratory system Cardiovascular system (go over
in detail) Nervous system Urinary system Digestive system (go over
in detail)
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Respiratory System
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Cardiovascular System Cardio = heart Vascular = veins and
arteries
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Heart
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Right Atrium Pulmonary Veins (from lungs) Right Ventricle Left
Atrium Veins from body Arteries to body Pulmonary Arteries (to
lungs)
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Heart Vein from body Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left
Ventricle Left Atrium Artery to body To lungs From lungs
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Circulatory system Move blood through the body Veins = return
blood to the heart Arteries = away from the heart
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Nervous System
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Kidney/Urinary System (Excretion)
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Digestive System
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Food = chemical energy Body uses nutrients for energy, growth,
and repair Different nutrients are digested in different areas
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Location of Digestion carbs: saliva, small intestine proteins:
stomach fats: small intestine water and chemicals: absorbed from
stomach and in large intestine More on nutrition in Chapter 10
carbohydrates (sugars and starches) proteins fats vitamins minerals
water Nutrients
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Digestive System Mouth mechanical digestion and saliva
Esophagus Transport by peristalsis Stomach Stomach acid for protein
digestion Small Intestine With help from the pancreas, bile duct
and gall bladder Absorption of nutrients by microvilli Large
Intestine Final absorption of nutrients and water
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Mouth Chewing: mechanical digestion Saliva contains amylase, an
enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates Creates a bolus to be
swallowed Digestive System
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Esophagus Transport Peristalsis Digestive System
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Stomach Sphincters Gastric juice containing enzymes and acid
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is very strong acid Digestive System
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Small Intestine Duodenum where stomach acid is neutralized
Digest carbs and fats Digestive System
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Small Intestine Microvilli absorb nutrients Digestive
System
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Large Intestine Absorption Elimination/excretion Digestive
System
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Digestive System Summary: Mouth mechanical digestion and saliva
Esophagus Transport by peristalsis Stomach Stomach acid for protein
digestion Small Intestine With help from the pancreas, bile duct
and gall bladder Absorption of nutrients by microvilli Large
Intestine Final absorption of nutrients and water