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EXPLORING LIFEManifestation of Life1) Order
2) Evolutionary Adaptation3) Growth4) Development5) Response to
Environment6) Energy processing7) Reproduction
Life: Structure, Function and Control
The function determines the optimum structure so that the
activities have
been properly controlled to ensure healthy normal organism.
Levels of Biological OrganizationBIOSPHERE
ECOSYSTEM
COMMUNITY
ORGANISM
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGAN
TISSUE
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CELL
ORGANELLES
MOLECULES
ATOMS
Cell
Prokaryotes- Cytoplasm. Contains organelles.
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- Nucleiod. Contains the genetic material. Not enclosed by a
nuclearmembrane.
- Flagella. For movement or sensory organelle.- Pili. Hairlike
that is for adhesion and not for motility.
- Ribosomes. Creates protein.- Capsule. Keeps the bacteria off
the cell.- Cell wall. Protects cell.- Cytoplasmic Membrane.
Regulates the constant flow of what goes in and
out of the cell.
Eukaryotes- Mitochondria. Produces energy.- Lysosome. Bag of
hydroitic enzymes. Suicide sacs.- Peroxisome. Involve in catabolism
of acids.
- Centrioles. Involve in the cytokinesis.- Microtubules. Help to
support and shape. Function as routes to which
organelles flow.- Golgi Apparatus. Packaging factory.- Smooth
ER. Synthesizes lipid, steroids and phospholipids.- Rough ER. Where
Ribosomes are found.- Nucleus. Control center. Contains genetic
material.- Nuclear Pores. Transport to the nucleus.- Plasma
Membrane. Security guard.
- Nucleolus. Transcribe RNA.
Organ Systems
Skeletal System. Serves as framework. (Optimum)Serves as the
center for calcium and phosphate
metabolism.Chemopoiasis takes place in the bone marrow.
Muscular System. Serves for body movement. (Optimum)Nervous
System. Serves for body coordination. (Optimum)
Central and Peripheral system.Circulatory System. Serves as
transportation for blood. (Optimum)Respiratory System. Serves for
gas exchange and voice production.(Optimum)
Walls of Alveoli Sacs must be: 1) Highlyvascularized, 2) Thin,
and 3) Moist.
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Digestive System. It breaks down foods into proteins.
(Optimum)Excretory System. For the collection and release of waste
products.(Optimum)Endocrine System. Releases hormones.
(Optimum)
Hypothalamus. Sexual DesireThymus. Mini military training ground
for body soldier.Responsible for anti-bodies.
Pituitary gland. Manufactures the most number ofhormones.
Releases 7 hormones.Reproductive System. Serves for
reproduction. (Optimum)
Testis. Manufactures sperm.Ovary. Manufactures egg.Uterus.
Connects the fallopian tube to the cervix
Lymphatic System. Serves in the production of antibodies.Serves
in the protection of the body against foreign
bodies. (Optimum)
Methods in the Study of BiologyPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Can make millions of copies of DNA.Electrocardiography (ECG).
Detects the condition of heart.Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Can show the peripheral featuresof microscopic cells by scanning
beams of electrons.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Electron is transmitted
andinteract with the specimen.Fluorescence Microscopy. Fluorescence
light to reflect and absorb to studythe properties of
substances.Cell Cultivation. Cell is grown under controlled
conditions to be study.Mist Hetting. Tagging. Used to track
animals.Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay (CAM).
