OLR (1990)37 (1)

90:4083Luo, Shangde, Lei Wang and Yipu Huang, 1989.

Studies on diffusion and profiles of elements indeep-sea manganese nodules. Acta oceano/. sin.(English version), 8(3):391-400. Dept. ofOceanogr., Xiamen Univ., Xiamen, People'sRepublic of China.

90:4084Shterenberg, L.Ye. et aI., 1989. Sedimentary and

hydrothermal ferromanganese on the ShatskiyRise. Int. Geol. Rev; 31(9):951-957.

Nodules 6-8 em in diameter, dredged from waterdepths of 4200 to 3200 m at 36°34 '~, 159°08 'E,consisted of cores of basalt surrounded by 1.5-3 cmthick shells of Mn and Fe oxides. The basaltic cores,transformed volcanic glasses and plagioclase, havebeen extensively altered by secondary processes, andcavities within them contain black, sof t ore mineralswith Mn:Fe ratios of 2lO to 350. Hydrothermalgrowths found in the vesicles were identified asbarium-rich todorokite. The mineralized shells, onthe other hand, were composed largely of asbolane­buserite and vemadite. The evidence suggests thatthe shells of the nodules formed as the edges of thebasalt were altered. Inst. of Geol. Sci., Acad. of Sci.,Moscow, USSR. (hbf)

635

90:4085Takematsu, Noburu, Yoshio Sato and Shiro Okabe,

1989. Mechanisms of incorporation of rare earthelements into ferromanganese concretions. Mer,Tokyo, 27(1-2):41-52.

It has been shown tbat enrichment of REE infe rromanganese concretions decreases from a max­imum in nodules of hydrogenous origin to lesseramounts in nodules of oxic diagenetic, suboxicdiagenetic, and hydrothermal origins. These d if­ferences are explained by lower concentrations ofREE in interstitial waters relative to seawater or togreater retention of REE than of transition metalsduring diagenesis. It is suggested that incorporationof REE into both Fe-oxide and Mn-oxide phases isrelated to the adsorption of free REE ions on oxidesand the proportion of free REE ions. Ce content ofthe nodules is controlled by redox potential of theenvironment. lnst. of Phys. and Chem. Res., Wako­shi, Saitama, 351·01, Japan. (hbf)

D370. Miscellaneous

90:4086Delaney, J.S., 1989. Lunar basalt breccia identified

among Antarctic meteorites. Nature, Lond;342(6252):889-890. Dept. of Geo!. Sci., RutgersUniv., New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

EIO. Apparatus and methods

90:4087Behne, Dietrich, 1989. New developments in trace

element analysis in the life sciences. Z . analyt.Chern., 335(7):802-805.

Application of trace element analysis to the lifesciences increasingly requires analysis of morespecific sample components (particular cell types,subcellular fractions, and molecules) and concom­itant analysis of pertinent biological or biochemicalparameters. The new developments in samp le han­dling and analysis necessary to meet these needs,and the problems that may arise are discussed, andillustrative examples are presented. Particular atten­tion is paid to the problems of contamination and

certification of suitable standard reference materials.Hahn Meitner lnst. Berlin, Postfach 390128, D-lOOOBerlin 39, FRG. (gsb)

91):4088Hara, Shigerni tsu and Eiichiro Tanoue, 1989. Simul­

taneous staining with three fluorescent dyes ofminute plankters on an agarose gel filter. Deep­Sea R es; 36(IIA): 1777-1784.

A new method, employing an agarose gel filter andtriple staining with fluorescent dyes, was developedfor observation and enumeration of planktonicmicroorganisms in the size range 0.2-20 /Lm from avariety of niches in the marine ecosystem. Dansylchloride was used to stain the cell-surface proteins,Calcofluor white was used to stain cellulose and

636 E. BiologicalOceanography OLR (1990)37 (7)

chitin, and DAPI was used to stain DNA. Thestained specimens also could be examined bytransmission light microscopy. SOGOKAGAKUEnviron. Assessment and Consult. Co., 1-1-7,Nonin-bashi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540, Japan.

90:4089Markert, Bernd, 1989. Multi-element analysis in

ecosystems: basic conditions for representativesampling of plant materials. Z. analyt. Chem;335(6):562-565.

Because natural biological variations can be so great,often exceeding analytical variance by orders ofmagnitude, representative sampling in the field takeson great importance. In this paper, the naturalvariations in element concentrations of plants werebroken down into five levels: species, population,stand, individual, and plant compartment, andanalyzed. At each systematic level, a number offactors must be considered (e.g., genotype, macro­and micro-environmental variables, and develop­mental status). Development of a computerizedexpert system for representative environmentalsampling is suggested. Syst. Res. Group, Univ. ofOsnabruck, P.O. Box 4469, D-4500 Osnabruck,FRG. (gsb)

90:4090Russell, S.J., 1989. Glass slide preservation of SEM

mounted diatoms. Diatom Res., 4(2):401-402.Dept. of Botany, British Mus. (Nat. Hist.),Cromwell Rd., London SW7 5BD, UK.

90:4091Williams, P.J. leE. and J.I. Robertson, 1989. A

serious inhibition problem from a Niskin samplerduring plankton productivity studies. Limnol.Oceanogr., 34(7):BOO-nOS.

Low photosynthetic rates and reductions in chlo­rophyll concentrations were observed in incubationsof samples taken with a 30-L Niskin sampler duringproductivity studies of oligotrophic waters in theIndian Ocean. There appeared to be no effect oncommunity respiration. Rates of photosynthesiswere 5- to lO-fold greater in samples taken withTeflon-lined lO-L GoFlo bottles, and there was nosystematic loss of chlorophyll. The central rubbercord of the Niskin sampler was identified as a potentsource of contamination. School of Ocean Sci., Univ.ColI. of North Wales, Bangor, North Wales, UK.

E50. General biology, ecology, bioge­ography, etc.

90:4092Krivan, Vlastimil and Jaromir Seda, 1989. Appli­

cation of a guaranteedregression model to trophicinteraction in an aquatic system. Ecol. Model;49(1-2): 1-6.

In this paper the method of guaranteed estimation isused to estimate the unknown parameters of twononlinear regression models. The first describesrelations between the body size structure of zoo­plankton and the biomass of planktivorous fish. Thesecond estimates time-lag between the dynamics ofcladoceran egg production and dynamics of phy­toplankton. South Bohemian Biol. Res. Ctr., Czech­oslovak Acad, of Sci., 310 05 Ceske Budejovice,Czechoslovakia.

90:4093Lazier, J.R.N. and K.H. Mann, 1989. Turbulence

and the diffusive layers around small organisms.Deep-Sea Res., 36(llA): 1721-1733.

The effect of turbulence on the diffusive flux isre-examined. Turbulent motion across distances of~ 1 mm is shown to approximate a linear velocitygradient or shear, and the experimental results ofPurcell (1978), which relate the shear to the increasein diffusive flux, are used to calculate the effect ofturbulent motion on the diffusive flux to and fromsmall organisms. For motionless cells 100 p.m indiameter, high levels of turbulence produce a ~2%increase in flux, which escalates to a 100% increasefor cells ~l mm in diameter. The results also lead tothe conclusion that the proposed microzones ofincreased nutrients surrounding small organisms aremuch more robust than suggested. Dept. of Fish.and Oceans, Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth,NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

90:4094Macdonald, A.G., 1989. Physiological adaptations to

extreme pressures: the implications for palaeo­ecology. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., 80(3-4):263-270.

Present-day organisms have colonised two distincthigh pressure environments: the deep sea (wherepressures attain 100 MPa and temperatures are<4°C) and oil well and other crustal fluids (wheretemperatures are high, up to 150°C, and occur incombination with pressures of up to 50 MPa). Thehigh temperature is close to the limit of thermalstability of the macromoleculesessential for life. Theadaptation of present-day marine organisms to highpressure involves modifications to their cell mem­brane lipids and subtle changes in both structural

oLR (1990)37 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 637

proteins and enzymes; higher pressures could havebeen colonised in the geological past. The existenceof <marker' compounds, characteristic of high pres­sure organisms, is discussed, and the possibility thatisotope ratios are distorted by metabolic processes athigh pressure is raised. Dept. of Physiol., MarischalCoIl., Univ. of Aberdeen, AB9 lAS, Scotland, UK.

90:4095Robertson, J.D., 1989. Physiological constraints upon

marine organisms. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., 80(3­4):225-234.

This paper gives a general summary of the effects ofcertain environmental factors (salinity, temperature,02' H2S) on the life of marine organisms, particularlyinvertebrates. Some information is also given on thephysiology of two animals with a long geologicalhistory, the chelicerate Limulus and the brachiopodLingula. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Glasgow, Gl2 8QQ,Scotland, UK.

E80. Plankton (also primary productivity,seston and detritus)

90:4096Altabet, M.A. and L.F. Small, 1990. Nitrogen

isotopicratios in fecal pellets produced by marinezooplankton. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 54(1):155-163. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

90:4097Devi, KS; 1989. Temporal and spatial variations in

particulate matter, particulate organic carbon andattenuation coefficient in Cochin Backwaters[India]. Indian J. mar. Sci ; 18(4):242-245. Natl,Inst, of Oceanogr., Regional Ctr., P.B. No. 1913,Cochin 682 018, India.

90:4098Drenner, R.W. et al., 1989. Interdependence of

phosphorus, fish, and site effects on phytoplank­ton biomass and zooplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr.,34(7):1315-1321.

An outdoor tank experiment of factorial design withthree levels of phosphorus addition cross-classifiedwith two levels of mosquitofish at two lake sites wasused to examine both main effects and interactioneffects of phosphorus, fish, and site on phyto­plankton biomass and zooplankton. Phosphorusaddition significantly increased total P concentrationand chlorophyll and decreased Secchi depth. Fishsignificantly decreased cladoceran densities andSecchi depth and increased chlorophyll and turbid­ity. Most effects were independent of each other

except for a significant phosphorus X fish inter­action on rotifers. The only significant site X

phosphorus interaction was for total phosphorus.Significant site X fish interactions were detected forturbidity, Secchi depth, chlorophyll, and densities ofcladocerans and rotifers. Fish effects were de­pendent on site-specific plankton community com­position. Dept. of Biol., Texas Christian Univ., FortWorth, TX 76129, USA.

90:4099Dugdale, R.C. et al., 1989. Modeling new production

in upwelling centers: a case study of modelingnew production from remotely sensed tempera­ture and color. J. geophys, Res ; 94(CI2):18,119­18,132.

A method has been developed for estimating newproduction in upwelling systems from remotelysensed surface temperatures. A shift-up modelpredicts the rate of adaptation of nitrate uptake. Themodel was developed for the northwest Africaupwelling region, where shipboard measurements ofnew production were available. It can be employedin two modes, the first using only surface temper­atures, and the second in which CZCS color data areincorporated. Future applications should be on aregion-by-region basis where shipboard measure­ments are available to calibrate algorithms andvalidate results. The major advance offered by thismethod is the capability to estimate new productionon spatial and time scales inaccessible with ship­board approaches. Dept. of BioI. Sci., Univ. ofSouthern California, Univ, Park, Los Angeles, CA90089, USA.

90:4100Erga, S.R., 1989. Ecological studies on the phyto­

plankton of Boknafjorden, western Norway. 1.The effect of water exchange processes andenvironmental factors on temporal and verticalvariability of biomass. Sarsia, 74(3): 161-176.

Temporal and vertical variability of phytoplanktonbiomass in terms of in-situ fluorescence, chI a,particulate C, N, and P were studied throughout1981 in a deep-silled fjord of southwestern Norway.The first widespread diatom bloom occurred in lateMarch and was probably transported in the brackish'upper layer' from the Norwegian Coastal Current. Asecond bloom was observed during upwelling inearly May. After this event, a two-layer system couldbe recognized. Copepod grazing and very lownutrient concentrations kept the phytoplanktonbiomass low throughout the summer. NorwegianInst. for Water Res., Breiviken 5, N-5035 Bergen­Sandviken, Norway.

638 E. Biological Oceanograph y OLR (1990) 37 (7)

90:4101Fryxell, G.A., 1989. Marine phytoplankton at the

Weddell Sea Ice edge: seasonal changes at thespecific level. Polar BioI., 10(1): 1-18.

Austral spring and autumn cruises to the WeddellSea ice edge (1983 and 1986) provided the oppor­tunity to compare phytoplankton at the beginning ofbiological spring and at the end of biologicalautumn. Field samples were observed alive on boardship to record different lifestages near the ice edge.In both seasons cell numbers were low under the iceand single cells or sho rt cha ins were the commongrowth habit. In spring in the open ocean, longchains of vegetative cells with large vacuoles andgelatinous colonies of diatoms and of prymnesio­phytes dominated; in autumn, close to the accretingice edge, short chains, single cells, and resting sporeswere mostly packed with storage products. Enlargedcell diameters and auxospores also occurred near theice cover in autumn. Species included 6 diatomgenera, one chrysophyte, and one prymnesiophyte,Dept. of Oceanogr., Texas A&M Univ., CollegeStation, TX 77843-3146, USA.

90:4102Garrison, D.L. and K.R. Buck, 1989. The biota of

Antarctic pack ice in the Weddell Sea andAntarctic Peninsula regions. Polar Biol., 10(3):211-219.

Pack ice surrounding Antarctica supports rich andvaried populations of microbial organisms. Therichest concentrations often occur in the surfacelayer. The ice flora consists of diatoms and flag­ellates. Chrysophyte cysts of unknown affinity anddinoflagellate cysts are abundant and may serve asoverwintering stages in ice. The ice fauna includes avariety of heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates, andmicrometazoa; the abundance of heterotrophs in­dicates an active food web within the ice community.Larger consumers, such as copepods and the Ant­arctic krill Euphausia superba, are often found on theunderside of ice floes and within weathered floes.The importance of the ice biota as a food resourcefor these pelagic consumers is unknown. lost. ofMar . Sci., Univ, of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064, USA.

90:4103Gouda, Rajashree and R.C. Panigrahy, 1989. Dl­

umal variation of phytoplankton in RusbikulyaEstuary, east coast of India. Indian J. mar. Sci;18(4):246-250. Dept. of Mar. Sci., BerhampurUniv., Berhampur 760 007, India.

90:4104Grande, K.D. et al., 1989. Primary production in the

North Pacific gyre: a comparison of rates deter.mined by the 14C, 02 concentration and 180methods. Deep-Sea Res; 36(llA)1621-1634.

Primary production was measured at 28°N, 155°W,north of Hawaii, during late summer, 1985. Forsamples incubated in-situ, rates of gross O2 produc­tion determined with 180 are similar to ratescalculated by oxygen changes in light/dark bottles.14C productivities range from -60-100% of 180 grossproduction. However, in samples incuba ted onboardship, gross oxygen production rates measured with180 were up to two times those measured withlight/dark bottles, and 2-3 times those of 14Cproduction. The increase in 02 and C cycling impliedby these data is believed to be an artifact. Grad .School of Oceanogr., Univ. of Rhode Island, Kings­ton, Rl 02881, USA.

90:4105Hansell, D.A. et al., 1989. Summer phytoplankton

productionand transport along the shelf break inthe Bering Sea. Continent. Shelf Res; 9(12):1085-1I04.

A model is presented for the production and fate ofphytoplankton during summer in two regions overthe Bering Sea continental shelf. We propose thatboth regions are supported by nut rients transportedby the Bering Slope Current and that the fate of thephytodetritus produced is significantly affected byadvection. We hypothesize that one system ofprimary productivity is initiated at the Bering Seashelf-break front and continues into the northernBering Sea; the phytodetritus produced is trans­ported north through Anadyr and Shpanberg Straitsand in 1987 supplied 26% of the daily carbondemand of the benthos in the Chirikov Basin. Thesecond system is in the northern Bering Sea.Nutrients from the Anadyr Current support a highlyproductive phytoplankton bloom throughout thesummer. Phytodetritus produced in this surfacebloom is probably advected into the southernChukchi Sea and deposited in the sediments. Inst. ofMar. Sci., Vivoof California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064,USA.

90:4106Holligan, P.M., 1989. Primary productivity in the

shelf seas of northwest Europe. Adv. bal. Res;16:193-252.

This review attempts 'to summarize present knowl­edge of phytoplankton distributions and growth inthe shelf seas of NW Europe in the context of abroad understanding of phytoplankton ecology,both

OLR (1990)37(7) E. Biological Oceanography 639

from experimental laboratory work and from ob­servational studies of other ocean areas.' Ecologicaland physiological factors relevant to primary pro­duction; productivity estimate methodology; envi­ronmental factors affecting phytoplankton growth inthe region; assessment of productivity estimates; andthe fate of plant matter are considered. PlymouthMar. Lab., Citadel Hill, Plymouth PLI 2PB, UK.(gsb)

90:4107Holm-Hansen, O. et al., 1989. Phytoplankton blooms

In the vicinity of Palmer Station, Antarctica.Polar Bioi., 10(1):49-57.

Fifteen oceanographic stations were occupied in thevicinity of Anvers Island, Antar.ctica, in January of1985 and 1987. All stations showed high phyto­plankton biomass which was either uniformly dis­tributed in the upper mixed layer or showed apronounced sub-surface maximum at 4-5 m depth.When phytoplankton biomass reaches the levelsfound at these stations, it appears that the cells arelight-limited and hence dark-adapted, which resultsin the high chl-a/ATP ratios and the low assimi­lation values obtained in our studies . Under suchconditions >50% of the total phytoplankton bio­mass is found below the I % light level. Polar Res.Prog., Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA92093, USA.

90:4108Johannessen, J.A. , O.J. Johannessen and P.M.

Haugan, 1989. Remote sensing and model sim­uJation studies of the Norwegian coastal currentduring the algal bloom in May 1988. Int. J.Remote Sens ; 10(12):1893-1906. Nansen RemoteSensing Ctr., Bergen, Norway.

90:4109Knowlton, M.F., J.R. Jones, B.D. Perkins (com­

ment), N.F. Caraeo and A.H. Puecoon (reply),1989. (Discussion of:] 'The measurement ofbacterial chlorophyll and algal chlorophyll II innatural waters.' Limnol. Oceanogr., 34(7):1381­1384.

In their comment, Knowlton et al. describe diffi­culties encountered when they attempted to use thepost-acidification spectrophotometric method pro­posed by Caraco and Puccoon (1986) to differentiateamong the photosynthetic pigments of algae andgreen sulfur bacteria. Analysis of the ir own andpreviously published data suggests that the methoddoes not distinguish between a lgal chI a andbacterial chI c, but that it might have limited value inbacterial chlorophyll d and e determinations, Inreply, Caraco and Puccoon admit to limitations in

their method and agree that chromatographic sep­aration is generally preferable, but maintain theusefulness of their technique for certain systems,especially for p reliminary data-gathering. (gsb)

90:4110Kozasa , Etsuji, 1989. Characteristics of the distri­

bution of chlorophyll in the East China Sea. Umito Sora, 64(Extra No.):285-294. (In Japanese,English abstract.) Seikai Regional F ish. Res .Lab., Nagasaki, Japan.

90:4111Larson , R.J. and G.R. Harbison, 1989. Source and

fate of lipids in polar gelatinous zooplankton.Arctic, 42(4):339-346. Harbor Br. Oceanogr.Inst., 5600 Old Dixie Hwy., Fort Pierce, FL34946, USA.

90:4112Lee, W.H. et al., 1989. Phytoplankton and baete­

rioplankton in the intertidal and subtidal waters inthe vicinJty of Kunsan (Korea). J. oceanol. Soc.Korea, 24(3): 157-164. (In Korean, English ab­stract.) Dept. of Oceanogr., Kunsan Natl. Univ.,Kunsan 573-360, Korea.

90:4113Lutter, S., J.P. Taasen, C.C.E. Hopkins and V.

Smetacek, 1989. Phytoplankton dynamics andsedimentation processes during spring and sum­mer in Balsfjord, northern Norway. Polar Biol;10(2):113-124.

The phytoplankton community exhibited three mainphases. During the first (2-15 April, chiefly surfacebiomass) and second (20 April-IO May, deepbiomass-maximum and spring bloom peak),Phaeocystis pouchetii dominated biomass. In thethird period (10 May onward, characterized bysurface estuarine circulation), dino- and microfla­gellates dominated the ·Iow post-bloom biomass.Krill feces accounted for >90% by volume of thetotal fecal material trapped, despite a >2: I biomassdominance of copepods. Copepod feces are probablyremineralized in the euphotic zone, while those ofkrill provide the major coupling between the pelagialand the benthos. Hopkins: Dept. of Aquatic Biol.,Norweg ian CoIl. of Fish. Sci. , Univ, of Tromso,N-9001 Tromso, Norway.

90:4114Masson, M., 1989. Contribution to Antarctic krill

acoustic studies-results of the NO Marion­Dufresne MD25/FIBEX cruise. Polar Blol;10(2):101-106.

Antarctic biomass acoustic surveys generally yield

640 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990)37 (7)

biomass estimations expressed in terms of krillbiomass. The influence of other scatterers is oftenignored, thus introducing a bias in the estimations.The correlation be tween krill density dis tribution, asassessed by trawls, and Mean Volume Backseat­tering Strength frequency distribution in the range(-80, --{i0) dB(m-' sr-'), allows us to propose amethod to reduce the bias, which could be used tostudy the influence of each scatterer on recordedacoustic values , thus leading to better estimations.Sta. Zoo!., BP 28, F-06230 Villefranche sur Mer,France.

90:4115Miller, D.G.M. and L Hampton, 1989. Krill aggre­

gation cbaracteristics: spatial distribution patternsfrom hydroacoustic observations. Polar Biol.,10(2):125-134.

The distributional features and physical character­istics of some 1500 krill aggregations detected andsized acoustically in the southwest Indian Ocean aredescribed. The aggregations were on average con­siderably smal/er than elsewhere in the Antarctic;they were on average 4.2 km apart along-track, andon 10 of the 15 survey days were randomlydistributed. The distribution of aggregations heavierthan 1 t, and of aggregations 20 km on either side ofsuch aggregations was similarly random, suggestingwidespread randomness throughout the survey area,which is consistent with absence of pronouncedhydrographic or topographic concentrating mech­anisms in the region. Es timates of the mean nearest­neighbour distance were derived for the randomdistributions; these could be useful in the devel­opment of fisheries-dependent indices of krill abun­dance. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., P. Bag X2, Roggebaai8012, South Africa.

90:4116Moloney, C.L. and J.G. Field, 1989. General allo­

metric equations for rates of nutrient uptake,ingestion, and respiration in plankton organisms.Limnol. Oceanogr; 34(7): 1290-1299.

This note aims to remove some of the sources ofdiscrepancies among published allometric regres­sions for planktonic organisms, using literature datato calculate allometric equations for a wide range oforganism sizes and a number of different processes .Resulting regressions predict values of a (in pg CO.2S

d:") at 20 0 e as follows: 3.6 for nutrient uptake byphytoplankton and bacteria, and 63 and 13 foringestion and respiration by particle-feeding het­erotrophs. It is hypothesized that organisms that takeup dissolved nutrients from solution have lowerspecific respiration rates compared to organisms that

ingest part iculate material. Mar. Bio!' Res. 1nst.,Univ. of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, SouthAfrica.

90:4117Noges, Tiina, 1989. ATP as an index of phyto­

plankton productivity: the chI alATP quotient.Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol., 74(2):121-133.

The seasonal changes in ATP and chi a concen­trations in two eutrophic lakes were stud ied over twoyears, and compared with similar measurementsmade in the Baltic Sea, to examine how the ATPcontent of the water characterizes the functionalstate of the phytoplankton community. During anunder-ice bloom, ATP content correlated well withchanges in the chl a concentration of the bottomwater, but not in upper regions of the water column.The chi a/ATP ratio increased in the followingorder: sea-eutrophic lake-hypereutrophic lake. Thevalues of the index increased exponentially as thephytoplankton standing stock increased. Inst. ofZool. and Bot., Acad. of Sci. of Estonia, Tartu,USSR.

90:4118Oda te, Tsuneo, 1989.Seasonal changes in cell density

of cyanobacteria and other picophytoplanktonpopulations in Funka Bay, Japan. Bull. Plankt.Soc. Japan, 36(1):53-61. Res. Inst. of NorthPacific Fish. , Hokkaido Univ., Minato-cho,Hakodate, Hokkaido 041, Japan.

90:4119Rojo, C. and M.R. Miracle, 1989. Phytoplankton

fluctuations during an annual cycle in the coastallagoon of Cullera (Spain). Int. Revue ges. Hydro­biol; 74(2):179-194. Dept. of Ecol., Univ. ofValencia, Spain.

96:4120Scherbak, V.I. and G.A. Zhdanova, 1988. Use of

PI B coefficients of algae as a measure of theeffect of zooplankton on primary production ofphytoplankton. Hydrobiol. J. (a translation ofGidrobiol. Zh.), 24(5):78-79.

Use of the specific production figures for studyingthe effect of zooplankton on photosynthetic rates hasadvantage over the use of absolute primary produc­tion figures because the former is unaffected byconsumption of phytoplankton production andbiomass by zooplankton. Abundant species ofcrustaceans can stimulate an increase in photosyn­thetic activity by 6-35%. The stimulation effect wasspecies independent, but was governed by thephotosynthetic activity of the algae and was highest

OLR (1990) 37 (7} E. Biological Oceanography 641

in experiments where small green algae predomi­nated. Inst. of Hydrobiol., Ukrainian Acad. of Sci.,Kiev, USSR.

90:4121Schneider, Gerald, 1989. Carbon and nitrogen con­

tent of marine zooplankton dry material: a shortreview. Plankt, Newsl., II :4-7.

Expression of zooplankton biomass in terms oforganic carbon and nitrogen content is preferred,but the instrumentation requ ired for these analyses isnot universally available. In addition, data in olderstudies are generally in the form of % dry weight,necessitating conversion for comparison with C-Ndata. In this report, data from 28 papers publishedduring the period 1962-1989 are synthesized andanalyzed, and mean C and N values are presented in% dry weight for the major zooplankton groups,allowing estimation of elemental content from dryweights. The results suggest that estimation is usefulfor semi-gelatinous and non-gelatinous zooplankton,but not for the gelatinous group. Inst. fur Meer­skunde, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-23oo Kiel, FRG.(gsb)

90:4122Stuart, Venetia, 1989. Observations on tbe feeding of

Euphausia lucens on natural phytoplankton sus­pensions in tbe southern Benguela Upwellingregion. Continent, Shelf Res., 9(11): 1017-1028.

E. /ucens grazing rates on natural phytoplanktonassemblages from four stations were measured bythree techniques: chi a disappearance, particle sizeand volume distributions, and inverted microscopecounts, yielding comparable results for overallclearance rates. Dinoflagellates and pennate diatomswere filtered at significantly higher rates than othercells. The amount of carbon ingested in the form ofdinoflagellates was proportionally greater thanexpected from initial carbon concentrations alone. Itwas concluded that dinoflagellates play an importantrole in the Benguela Upwelling region, despitediatom dominance. Mar. BioI. Res. Inst. , Univ. ofCape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa.

90:4123Subrahmanyam, M.N .V. and P.V. Bhavanarayana,

1989. Distribution and abundance of phytoplank­ton In Visakhapatnam Harbour (India). Indian J.mar. Sci., 18(4):251-258. Dept. of Zoo!., AndhraUniv., Yisakhapatnam 530 003, India.

90:4124Thomas, A.C. and P.T. Strub, 1989. Interannual

variability in phytoplankton pigment distributionduring the spring transition along the west coast

of Nortb America. J. geophys. Res., 94(CI2) :18,095-18,117.

A 5-year CZCS imagery time series (1980-83, 1986)is used to examine changes in the large-scalechlorophyll concentration pattern coincident withthe spring wind and current transition. The datashow strong interannual variability in timing andspatial patterns of pigment concentration at the timeof the transition. Increases in concentration areassociated with strong wind mixing events prior tothe transition and with the onset of southward windstress (upwelling) at the time of transition. Inter­annual differences in the mixing regime are illus­trated with a I-D mixing model. Coil. of Oceanogr.,Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331 , USA.

90:4125Tronzo, C.R. and L.B. Cahoon, 1989. A list of

demersal. zooplankton collected in Onslow Bay,North Carolina, USA. P/ankt. Newsl., 11:14-18.Skidaway Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 13687,Savannah, GA 31406, USA.

EIOO. Nekton (communities; also fish , rep­tiles, mammals)

90:4126Green, K., H.R. Burton and R. Will iams , 1989. The

diet of Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazelJa(Peters) during the breeding season at HeardIsland. Antarct, Sci; 1(4):317-324. AntarcticDiv., Chanel Hwy ., Kingston, Tas. 7050, Aus­tral ia.

90:4127Loughlin, T .R. and R.V. Miller, 1989. Growth of the

northern fur seal colony on Bogostof Island,Alaska. Arctic, 42(4):368-372. Nat!. Mar. Mam­mal Lah., NMFS, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point WayNE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.

90:4128Nazarenko, Yu.I . and L.A. Popov, 1989. Oceano­

logic factors in fonnation of the current popu­lation structure of harp seals (Pagopbi/us groen­landicus) In the eastern section of its borne range.Sov. J. Ecol. (a translation of Ekotogiya) , 20(1):48-52. All-Union Sci. Res . Inst, for Mar. Fish.and Oceanogr., Moscow, USSR.

EllO. Bottom communities

90:4129Bouvy, M. and 1. Sayer, 1989. Benthic seasonality in

an intertidal mud flat at Kerguelen Islands

642 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (7)

(Austral Ocean). The relationships between melo­faunal abundance and their potential microbialfood. Polar Biol; 10(1):19-27.

Samples were taken weekly for one year at aMorbihan Sound mudflat for meiofauna, theirsuspected microbial food, and associated chemicaland physical factors. The data suggest that nema­todes are correlated to bacterial biomass andsediment organic content. Effect of ambient tem­perature on nematofauna development time could bedescribed by a Belehradek function. Even thoughsome correlations existed, peaks of meiofaunalabundance are not correlated to potential foodabundance variability. Sayer: Univ. P. et M. Curie,Lab. Arago, CNRS URA 117, F-66650 Banyuls surMer, France.

90:4130Dahlgren, E.l., 1989. Gorgoniao community structure

and reef zonation patterns on Yucatan coral reefs.Bull. mar. Sci; 45(3):678-696. Estacion PuertoMorelos, UNAM, Apt. P. 1152, Caneun 77500,Quintana Roo, Mexico.

90:4131Frauenheim, Karin et al., 1989. The distribution of

the larger epifauna during summer and winter inthe North Sea and its suitability for environ­mental monitoring. Senckenberg. marit; 20(3/4):101-118.

During two surveys in the North Sea, summer 1986and winter 1987, larger epibenthos was collectedwith a 2 m beam trawl. Species distribution waschecked for average linkage by means of theJACCARD-index cluster analysis. In summer twomain clusters can be recognized, situated north andsouth of the Dogger Bank. In winter two mainclusters divide the N ortb Sea into a western and aneastern part. We conclude that these differences ofepibenthos characteristics are correlated with sea­sonal changes in water body distributions. Inst. furHydrobiol. and Fischereiwiss., Zeiseweg 9, D-2000Hamburg 50, FRG.

90:4132Harkantra, S.N. and A.H. Parulekar, 1989. Popu­

lation distribution of meiofauna in relation tosome environmental features in a sandy intertidalregion of Goa, west coast of India. Indian J. mar.sa, 18(4):259-264. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr.,Dona Paula 403-004, Goa, India.

90:4133Hashimoto, Jun and Didier Jollivet (and the Kaiyo

88 shipboard party), 1989. The hydrothermalvent communities in the North Fiji Basin: results

of Japan-France cooperative research on boardKalyo 88. Mer, Tokyo, 27(1-2):62-71. (In Japa­nese, English abstract.)

A series of deep tow surveys revealed hydrothermalvent communities composed of Bathymodiolus-typemussels,Alviniconcha-type gastropods, galatheid andbrachyuran crabs, barnacles, and zoarcid fish closeto a triple junction. The communities were scatteredover a 300 X 2000 m area where an active whitesmoker and abundant shimmering water were ob­served. Preliminary analysis of species compositionsuggested a link between EPR and Mariana back-arcregions.

90:4134Hicks, G.R.F., 1989. Does epibenthic structure

negatively affect meiofauna? J. expl mar. Biol.Ecol; 133(1-2):39-55.

The epibenthic harpacticoid copepod Parastenheliamegarostrum attains very high population densities introughs of persistent sediment ripples on openintertidal sand banks in Pauatahanui Inlet, NewZealand. In adjacent eelgrass beds, this species isrecorded only infrequently. Flexible artificial sea­grass plants were placed in the ripple field in Juneand September. The imposition of epibenthic struc­ture resulted in rapid breakdown of ripple integrity,marked profile changes, and net sediment accu­mulation. Variance analyses indicated that abun­dance of P. megarostrum is less dependent on grosssediment surface changes than on the presence ofoverhead cover, and that high densities in depres­sions are a function of active aggregation. Natl. Mus.of New Zealand, PO Box 467, Wellington, NewZealand.

90:4135Klumpp, D.W. and A. Pulfrich, 1989. Trophic

significanceof herbivorous macroinvertebrates onthe central Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs,8(3):135-144.

Macroinvertebrate density and grazing rates weremeasured on different sections of Davies Reef, andcompared with known algal production rates. Gas­tropod grazing on the reef flat as a whole consumedonly 6% of net production, suggesting a minortrophic role relative to reef fish. The fish consumethree times as much benthic algae as macroinver­tebrates in the reef areas where the invertebrates aremost abundant. Australian Inst. of Mar. Sci., PMB3, Townsville, Me 4810, Australia. (gsb)

90:4136Langdon, C.J. and R.LE. Newell, 1990. Review.

Utilizationof detritus and bacteria as food sources

OLR (1990) 37 (7) E. BiologicalOceanography 643

by two bivalve suspension-feeders, the oysterCrassostrea vlrglnlca and the mussel Geukenslademissa. Mar . Ecol.-Prog. Ser; 58(3):299-310.

The temporal and spatial heterogeneity in foodavailable to estuarine and marsh suspension feedersis briefly reviewed, and results (some previouslypublished) are presented from experiments designedto determine utilization of cellulosic detritus andbacteria as food sources. The results indicate that inCanary Creek marsh, Delaware, utilization of bac­teria as a food source could make a significantcontribution during summer to oyster N require­ments and to mussel C and N requirements.However, cellulosic detritus and bacteria do notappear to fully meet the C and N requirements ofthese bivalves. Hatfield Mar. Sci. Ctr., Oregon StateUniv., Newport, OR 97365, USA.

90:4137Menge, B.A. and T.M. Farrell, 1989. Community

strocture and interaction webs in shallow marinebard-bottom communities: tests of an environ­mental stress model. Adv. ecol. Res; 19: [89-262.

In this review, data on community structure patternson rocky intertidal shores are summarized, andpossible causative factors are assessed. Within thiscontext, a community regulation model (based oninteraction webs) is described and tested both fordescriptive and predictive capabilities rela tive to thecommunities studied. Twenty-five studies of rockyintertidal food webs were analyzed to test the model,and II marine hard-bottom subtidal food webs wereused to assess model predictions. Dept. of Zool.,Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. (gsb)

90:4138Mullineaux, L.S., 1989. Vertical distrlbntions of the

epifauna on manganese nodules: implications forsettlement and feeding. Limnol. Oceanogr.,34(7):1247-1262.

Nodule surface texture and boundary layer flowenvironment were investigated to determine whetherthey could account for observed vertical faunaldistributions on tropical North Pacific Mn nodules.Twenty-five taxa (68% of total individuals) werefound in significantly different abundances betweenthe rough and smooth surfaces of 34 nodules. Thesedistributions may be due to larval responses tosurface texture and can account for much of theobserved vertical zonation. The observations thatsuspension feeders persist near the nodule summitand deposit feeders concentrate near the basesuggest that vertical distributions of some taxa maybe determined by adult feeding requirements.WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

90:4139Murrell, M.C. and J.W. Fleeger, 1989. Meiofanna

abundance on the Gulf of Mexico continentalshelf affected by hypoxia. Continent. Shelf Res;9(12):1049-1062.

Total meiofauna abundances at three Louisianacoastal stations ranged from 525-3406 individu­als/IO em? (mean of 1810). Peak abundancesoccurred in late spring and early summer, with lowsin late summer and winter. Abundances of all taxadeclined during the summers of both 1985 and 1986,apparently in response to hypoxic conditions. Co­pepods dropped from springtime peaks of severalhundred/em? to virtually zero in a one-monthperiod. Copepod densities were spatially correlatedwith the onset of hypoxia. The effect on nematodesand kinorhynchs was not as dramatic. Univ, ofWashington, School of Oceanogr., WB-I0, Seattle,WA 98195, USA.

90:4140Raman, A.V. and K. Adiseshasai, 1989. Macroben­

thos from littoral areas off Visakhapatoam, eastcoast of India . Indian J . mar. Sci; 18(4):265-269.Dept. of Zool., Andhra Univ., Waltair 530 003,India.

90:4141Smith, C.R. and S.J. Brumsickle, 1989. The effects of

patch size and substrate isolation on colonizationmodes and rates in an intertidal sediment. Limnol.Oceanogr., 34(7):1263-1277.

The effects of postlarval immigration, patch size, andvertical isolation on colonization were assessedfollowing small-scale disturbance in a mudflat inBarnstable Harbor, Massachusetts. It is concludedthat postlarval immigration may be a major mode ofcolonization at this site (and perhaps soft bottomsgenerally) following small-scale disturbance, thatpatch size must be considered in benthic coloni­zation and succession models, and that interpretingresults from colonization studies with raised sub­strata may be problematic. Hawaii Inst. of Geophys.,School of Ocean and Earth Sci. and Tech., Univ . ofHawaii, 2525 Correa Rd. , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.

90:4142Smyth, M .J., 1989. Bloerosion of gastropod shells:

with emphasis on effects of coralline algal coverand shell microstructnre. Coral Reefs, 8(3):119­125. Life Sci. Div., Mail Stop M8B8, Los AlamosNatl. Lab., Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.

90:4143Vargas, l.A., 1988. A survey of the meiofauna of an

eastern tropical Pacific intertidal mud flat. Revta

644 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990)37 (7)

Bioi. trop; 36(2B):541-544. Ctr, de Invest . enCienc, del Mar y Limnol., Univ. de Costa Rica,San Jose, Costa Rica.

90:4144Wilson, K.A., K.W. Able and K.L. Heck Jr., 1990.

Predation rates on juvenile blue crabs in estuarinenursery habitats: evidence for the importance ofmaeroalgae (VIva lactuca). Mar. Ecol -Prog, Ser;58(3):243-251. Ctr. for Coastal and Environ.Stud. and BioI. Sci., Rutgers Univ., Tuckerton,NJ 08087, USA.

90:4145Yoshioka, P.M. and B.B. Yoshioka, 1989. Effects of

wave energy, topographic relief and sedimenttransport on the distribution of shallow-watergorgonians of Puerto Rico. Coral Reefs, 8(3):145-152.

Multivariate ordination analysis revealed a singleenvironmental gradient related to the distribution ofgorgonians. The gradient extended from high energy,low relief to low energy, high relief habitats, withassociated changes in bedload sediment transport.Analysis of data on samples taken before and aftermajor disturbances (Hurricane David and a Dia­dema antillarum mass mortality) showed sedimenttransport to be more closely associated with gor­gonian distribution than either wave energy ortopography. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Univ, of PuertoRico , Mayaguez, PR 00709, USA. (gsb)

90:4146Zabala, Mikel et al., 1989. Water flow, trophic

depletion, and benthic macrofauna impoverish­ment in a submarine cave from the westernMediterranean. Mar. Eeal. (P.S.z.N. I), 10(3):271-287.

No isolation of water was found in the studiedCatalan submarine cave, even in the wall microlayer.Fluorescein diffusion was detectable everywhere inthe cave only a few minutes after injection. The rateof dissolution of plaster spheres was greater in thecave than in a nearby tunnel-without benthicmacrofauna impoverishment-showing a consider­able water flow. The oxygen concentration of waterin dialysis bags placed at varying distances from thecave walls showed no wall microlayer gradientspresent. Biochemical gradients did not indicate anydecrease in food supply. Accumulations of detriticmaterial and bacteria in the inner parts of the caveconstitute a plausible food supply for benthicmacrofauna. As neither water mot ion nor foodsupply can be invoked, research into the causes ofzonation and disappearance of benthic macrofaunais proposed to be carried out on biotic interactions

and behav ioural processes. Dept. d'Ecol. , Univ, deBarcelona , Avda. Diagonal, 645, E·08028 Barcelona,Spain.

EllO. Estuarine, marsh and mangrovecommunities

90:4147Barnes, R.S.K., 1989. What, if anything, is a brack­

ish-water fauna? Trans. R. Soc. Edinb; 80(3­4):235-240.

The nature of the fauna of brackish-water envi­ronments is reviewed. It is concluded that: (1) aspecific brackish-water macrofauna does not exist;(2) in salinities of 5-8 ppt the fauna is one that alsooccurs in soft sediments under fully marine condi­tions when circumstances permit; (3) in salinities of<S-ppt the fauna is essentially a freshwater one; and(4) inability to cope physiologically with brackishwater is not a factor of major importance in limitingspecies diversity in these habitats, except in thevicinity of 5 ppt salinity . Caution is therefore advisedin assigning brackish status to past environments onthe basis of their preserved fauna. Dept. of Zool. ,Univ. of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB23El, UK.

E130. Fouling and boring organisms(communities and control)

90:4148Mellouki, Abdellatif et al., 1989. Evaluation of

antifouling properties of non-toxic marine paints.Mar. Pollut. Bull., 20(2):612-615.

The anti-microfouling properties of some insolubil­ized quaternary ammonium salts are outlined. Afterimmersion times in seawater up to 4 months, themicrobial cover was limited to bacterial forms,without microalgae or cyanobacteria as observed onthe untreated, or tin-salt painted surfaces. Bacteriaare mostly on unicell forms and numerous areasappear free of any microorganisms . As microbio­fouling is an obligate step to macrofouling, thisunleachable antifouling treatment could result in aprolonged protection. Lab. de Chim. Macromolec.,Univ. de Provence, 3 Place V. Hugo , F-13331Marseille Cedex 3, France.

90:4149Sasikumar, N., S. Rajagopal and K.V.K. Nair, 1989.

Seasonal and vertical distribution of macro­foolao18 In Kal;;, -P::'lIl (India) coastal waters.

OLR (1990) 37 (7) E. BiologicalOceanography 645

Indian J. mar. Sci ; 18(4):270-275. Nair: Waterand Steam Chern. Lab, IGCAR, Kalpakkam 603102, India.

E140. Birds

90:4150Bourne, W.R.P., 1989. The weather and British

seabird breeding success. Mar . Pollut. Bull.,20(12):588-589.

90:4151Fraser, W.R., R.L. Pitman and D.G. Ainley, 1989.

Seabird and fur seal responses to verticallymigrating winter krill swarms in Antarctica. PolarBioI., 10(1):37-4I.

The foraging behaviour of fur seals and two speciesof surface feeding seabirds was observed overswarms of vertically migrating krill along theAntarctic Peninsula in July 1987. Fur seal haul outpatterns were correlated with krill in the upper 30 mof tbe water column. KrilJ moved to the surface atnight; seals subsequently foraged from 1400-0700hours before returning to floes. Both snow petrelsand Antarctic terns preyed on krill, but each speciesapproached the swarms from different habitats.Snow petrels primarily overflew are as covered byice; terns preferred open water . This suggested thatprey encounters are essentially opportunistic, al­though the search for prey is limited to ratherspecific marine habitats. Point Reyes Bird Observ.,4990 Shoreline Hwy., Stinson Beach, CA 94970,USA.

90:4152Reville, B.J., J.D. Tranter and H.D. Yorkston, 1990.

Impact of forest clearing on the endangeredseabird Sula abbotti. Bio/. Conserv; 51(1):23-38.

Abbott's booby Sula abbotti nests only on ChristmasIsland , Indian Ocean, where one-third of its rain­forest nesting habitat has been felled for phosphatemining since 1968. Areas within -300 m northwestof clearings experienced greater wind turbulence ,and within these areas, breeding success was signif­icantly lower. The distribution of nests has changedsince forest clearing, resulting in more of thepopulation nesting beyond 300 m of clearings, wherethe intrusion of new pairs appears to have loweredthe breeding success of resident pairs. Breedingsuccess for most of the population may be up to 10%lower than before the first dearing of nestinghabitat. Australian Natl. Parks & Wildlife Serv., P.O.Box 636, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

90:4153Roby, D.D ., 1989. Chick feeding in the diving petrels

Peleamoid~ georgicus and P. urluatrix exsul;Antarct, Sci ; 1(4):337-342. Dept. of Zool.,Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL 62901,USA.

90:4154Ryan, P.O. and J. Cooper, 1989.The distribution and

abundance of aerial seabirds in relation toAntarctic krill in the Prydz Bay region, Antarc­tica, during late summer. Polar Biol., 10(3):199­209.

Th is study examines the distribution patterns ofseabirds observed during the African legs of SIBEXI and II, and contrasts them with those reportedfrom the African leg of FIBEX. Possible factorsaffecting the distribution of birds at sea are dis­cussed, with particular reference to Antarctic krill.Percy FitzPatrick Inst. of African Omithol. , Univ. ofCape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa.

90:4155Swennen, C., G. Nehls and K. Laursen, 1989.

Numbers and distribution of elders Somateriamollissima in the Wadden Sea. Neth, J . Sea Res;24(1):83-92. Netherlands lnst. for Oceanic Sci.,P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Neth­erlands.

EISO. Microbiology (communities, pro­cesses; also bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses,etc .)

90:4156Angell, P., D. Langley and A.H.L. Chamberlain,

1989. Localisation of luciferase in luminousmarine bacteria by gold immunocytochemicallabelling. FEMS Microbial. Letts, 65(1-2): 177­182. Dept. of Microbiol., Univ, of Surrey, GD25XH, UK.

90:4157Bak, R.P.M. and G. Nieuwland, 1989. Seasonal

fluctuations in benthic protozoan populations atdifferent depths in marine sediments. Neth . J . SeaRes; 24(1):37-44.

We used epifluorescence microscopy to enumeratesmall protozoa in extracts of flushed fixed sedimentsamples. Protist densities a t different depths in thesediments were studied over 1 yr at 3 intertidal flatsin the Wadden Sea. There was a general pattern ofseasonal density fluctuation at all sites with amarked increase in March from winter density levels

646 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (7)

to 2 to 3 times higher summer levels. Deeper in thesediments, densities were throughout the year 2 to 3times lower than in the sediment surface layer.Fluctuations in densities at the surface were gener­ally mirrored at greater depths. At least 50% of thecells were 2-5 /Lm in size.There were no correlationswith other parameters such as porosity, POC,bacterial numbers, or biomass . Increased bacterialproductivity, however, was paralleled by increasedprotist densities, suggesting that high benthic protistdensities are indications of high benthic microbialgrowth. Netherlands Inst. for Oceanic Sci., P.O. Box59; 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.

90:4158Banik, S. and A. Ninawe, 1989. Dlazotrophic activity

and ferric phosphate-mineralizing ability iu es­tuarine sulfate-reducing bacteria. Indian J. mar.sa, 18(4):238-241. Jute Technol. Res. Lab., 12Regent Park, Calcutta 700 040, India.

90:4159Coffin , Richard B. et al., 1989. Carbon isotopic

compositions of estuarine bacteria. Limnol.Oceanogr., 34(1):1305-1310.

A bioassay was developed to assess the stable carbonisotopic composition of planktonic bacteria from theParker River estuary, Massachusetts. The wide rangeof813Cvalues observed suggests that bacteria in theestuary use substrates from a variety of primaryproducers. Bacteria had 813Cvalues within ± 2 ppt oftheir growth substrates . The results suggest that Cisotopic measurements are useful for tracing thelinkage between bacteria and the plant sources ofsubstrates that support bacterial growth . Tech.Resour., Inc., c/o U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze ERL, GulfBreeze, FL 32561, USA.

90:4160Eguchi, Mitsuru and Yuzaburo Ishida, 1990. Olio

gotrophic properties of heterotrophic bacteria andin-situ heterotrophic activity in pelagic seawaters,FEMS Microbiol. £Col., 73(1) :23-30.

Abundance and substrate preferences of hetero­trophic bacteria were determined in polluted coastalwaters (Owase Bay) and oligotrophic pelagic waters(Kumano-nada Sea) using a modified 14C- MPNculture method. In pelagic waters, heterotrophsranged from 9.2 X 1()3-5,4 X 10"celis/mL and werepredominantly obligate oligotrophs. Inshore waters,in contrast, contained much higher numbers ofheterotrophic bacteria, averaging 3.5 X lO'celis/mL, and were dominated by eutrophic andfacultatively oligotrophic bacteria. Amino acids,especially glycine, were the preferred substrates of

the pelagic bacteria. Dept. of Fish., Kinki Univ.,Nara 631, Japan. (gsb)

90:4161Huber, R. et ai., 1989. A novel group of abyssal

metbanogenic arcbaebacteria (Methanopyrus)growing at no·c. Nature, Lond., 342(6251) :833­834.

Only a few hyperthermophilic methanogens areknown-members of the genus Methanothermus,which show an upper growth temperature of 97"Cand some members of the genus Methanococcus,which grow at temperatures up to -90°C. We havenow isolated a novel group of methanogenic archae­bacteria growing at least at 110°C from sedimentsamples taken at the Guaymas Basin hot vents (Gulfof California). This finding demonstrates the un­expected biogenic methanogenesis at temperaturesabove 100°C, and, in view of biogeochemistry, couldexplain isotope discrimination at temperatures thatwere thought to be unfavourable for biologicalmethanogenesis. Lehrstuhl fur Microbiol., Univ.Regensburg, Universitatsstr. 31, D-84oo Regensburg,FRG.

90:4162Jannasch, H.W., D.C. Nelson and C.O. Wirsen,

1989. Massive natural occurrence of unusuallylarge bacteria (Beggiatoa sp.) at a hydrothermaldeep-sea vent site. Nature, Lond., 342(6251):834­836.

We report the discovery of dense layers of fila­mentous sulphur-oxidizing bacteria up to 3-cm-thickon the sediment surface, and up to 30-cm-thickbetween stands of vestimentiferan tube worms at theGuaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site (Gulf ofCalifornia) at a depth of 2010 m. The mats areessentially monocultures of Beggiatoa-type organ­isms containing filaments up to 116-122 /Lm indiameter. Freshly collected filaments showed chem­oautotrophic metabolism and active gliding motility.A natural mass growth of a bacterium could be ofbiotechnical importance considering the difficultiesof mass cultivation of interface organisms such asBeggiatoa and other 'large' sulphur-oxidizing bac­teria, such as Thiovulum and Thiop/oca. Dept. ofBiol., WHOI , Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

90:4163Kirchman, D.L., R.G. Keil and P.A. Wheeler, 1989.

The effect of amino acids on ammonium utili­zation and regeneration by heterotrophic bacteriaIn the subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Res; 36(IIA):1763-1776.

Heterotrophic bacteria preferred amino acids over

OLR (1990) 37 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 647

ammonium, and the relative contribution of aminoacids to the nitrogen required for bacterial growthcontrolled whether bacteria assimilated or excretedammonium. The results suggest that high amino acidturnover rates should be positively correlated withhigh rates of ammonium excretion by heterotrophicbacteria. Thus, amino acid cycling increases avail­ability of ammonium to phytoplankton and mayaffect plankton community structure and newproduction rates. Coll, of Mar. Studies, Univ. ofDelaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA.

90:4164Knoll, A.H. and John Bauld, 1989. The evolution of

ecological tolerance in prokaryotes. Trans. R. Soc.Edinb; 80(3-4):209-223.

The ecological ranges of archaeobacteria andeubacteria are constrained by a requirement forliquid water and the physicochemical stability limitsof biomolecu1es. Laboratory experiments indicatethat prokaryotes can adapt rapidly to novel envi­ronmental conditions, yet geological studies suggestearly diversification and long-term stasis. Theseapparently contradictory perspectives can he rec­onciled by understanding that rates and patterns ofprokaryotic evolution reflect the developmentalhistory of the Earth's surface environments; com­bined with phylogenetic hypotheses derived frommacromolecular sequence, comparisons allow de­velopment of an ecological perspective of pro­karyotic evolution through geologic time. BotanicalMus., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

90:4165Neuner, Annemarie et aI., 1990. Thermococcus

litora/is sp.nov.: a new species of extremelythermophilic marine archaebacteria. Archs Micro­biol; 153(2):205-207. Lehrstuh1 fur Mikrobiol.,Univ. Regensburg, D-8400 Regensburg, FRG.

90:4166Newton, T.D., D.K. Gattie and D.L. Lewis, 1990.

Initial test of the benchmark chemical approachfor predicting microbial transformation rates Inaquatic environments. Appl. environ. Microbiol;56(1):288-291.

Using 2,4-DME as a benchmark chemical, wedetermined relative pseudo-first-order rate coeffi­cients for the butoxyethyl ester of 2,4-dichloro­phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DBE), methyl parathion,and methyl-3-chlorobenzoate in a diversity of mi­crobial samples, including water, sediment, biofilm,and floating microbial mats collected from a labo­ratory mesocosm as well as from streams, lakes, andwetlands in Georgia and Florida. Overall, the dataindicated that microbial transformation rates of a

chemical can be satisfactorily inferred for a widevariety of microbial habitats on the basis of itstransformation rate relative to that of an appropriatebenchmark chemical by using a single type ofmicrobial sample. Lewis: Inst. of Ecol., Univ. ofGeorgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

90:4167Paerl, H.W., B.M. Bebout and L.E. Prufert, 1989.

Bacterial associationswith marine Oscillatorla sp.(Trichodesmlum sp.) populations: ecophysiolog­ical implications. J. Phycol., 25(4):773-784.

Results of a variety of morphological, physiologicaland culturing studies conducted on naturally-oc­curring Trichodesmium-bacterial associations arereported. Although bacterial epiphytes were thesubject of these studies, microalgae and protozoansare also common members of such associations. Theaggregates are characterized by dynamic nutrientand oxygen regimes, which promote and maintainsimultaneous and contiguous oxygenic photosyn­thesis and N2 fixation. In part, consortial interac­tions with a variety of heterotrophic bacteriafacilitate Trichodesmium biomass production andbloom formation in N-depleted, oligotrophic trop­ical/subtropical waters. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. ofNorth Carolina, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.

90:4168Proctor, L.M. and J.A. Fuhrman, 1990. Viral

mortality of marine bacteria and cyanobacteria.Nature, Land; 343(6253):60-62.

It is usually assumed that mortality is due toprotozoan grazing rather than to viral infection.Here we report not only high viral abundance in theocean but also counts of bacteria and cyanobacteriain the final irreversible stage of lytic infection. Thelatter are necessary to evaluate mortality, becausethe sources, hosts, viability and ages of observed freeviruses are unknown; even finding viruses attachedto cells does not prove successful infection. Up to 7%of the heterotrophic bacteria and 5% of the cya­nobacteria from diverse locations contained maturephage; interpretation via culture data indicates thatup to 70% of the prokaryotes could be infected.These data demonstrate the existence of a significantnew pathway of C and N cycling in marine foodwebs and have further implications for gene transferbetween marine organisms. Dept. of Biol. SeL, Univ.of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089­0371, USA.

90:4169Ramesh, A. and V.K. Venugopalan, 1989. In-vivo

luminescence characteristics of bacteria isolatedfrom a tropical estuary. Microbios, 60(244-245):

648 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990)37 (7)

151-158. Dept. of Environ. Conserv., EhimeUniv., Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790, Japan.

90:4170Schoenberg, S.A. et al., 1990.Effects of acid stress on

aerobic decomposition of algal and aquatic mac­rophyte detritus: direct comparison in a radio­carbon assay. Appl, environ. Microbiol., 56(1):237-244. Inst. of Limnol., Uppsala Univ., Box557, 8-751 22, Uppsala , Sweden.

90:4171Sigoillot, J.-C. and M.-H. Nguyen, 1990. Isolation

and characterization of surfactant degradingbacteria in a marine environment. FEMS Micro­biol. Ecol; 73(1):59-68.

Twenty-six strains of bacteria capable of degradinganionic surfactant were isolated by selective platingfrom seawater and sediments of Hyeres Bay, France.All of the isolates were helical or rod shaped, Gramnegative strict aerobes. Bacterial communities moreeffectively degraded surfactant than any of theisolates individually. Lab. de Microbiol., Fac. desSci. et Tech. de Saint-Jerome, Ave. EscadrilleNormandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 13,Prance. (gsb)

90:4172Smigielski, A.J., B.J. Wallace, Sharon Abrahams and

K.C. Marshall, 1990. Effects of respiratoryactivity on starvation survival of marine vibrios.Archs Mlcrobiol; 153(2):175-180. Marshall:School of Microbiol., Univ. of New SouthWales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia.

90:4173Sugahara, Isao et al., 1989. Generic composition and

physiological properties of nitrogen-scavengingbacteria isolated from marine environments.Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Bull .japan. Soc. scient.Fish.), 55(8):1441-1447.

N-scavenging bacteria were isolated and character­ized from Japanese coastal and pelagic waters (lseBay, Owase Bay, Kumano Nada, Satsunan Shotoand surrounding areas). All isolates could use NH 4 +

as a sole N source, and most were Gram negativenon-sporeforming motile rods with polar flagella.Pseudomonas and Vibrio were the dominant genera ,accounting for 78.5% of the isolated N-scavengers.Physiological requirements were determined. Pac. ofBioresour., Mie Univ., Tsu 514, Japan. (gsb)

90:4174Sugahara, Isao et al., 1989. Acetylene-reducing

activity of a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolatedfrom coastal region. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi

(Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish.), 55(8):1449-14::16.Faculty of Bioresour., Mie Univ., Tsu 514,Japan.

E180. Biochemistry

90:4175Palmisano , A.C. et al., 1989. Lipophilic pigments

from cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) and dia­tom mats in Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, WesternAustralia. J. Phycol., 25(4):655-661. Environ.Safety Dept., The Procter & Gamble Co.,Ivorydale Tech. Ctr., Cincinnati, OH 45217,USA.

90:4176Poulet, S.A., A.M. Hapette, R.B. Cole and J.C.

Tabet, 1989. Vitamin C in marine copepods.Limnol. Oceanogr; 34(7):1325-1331.Ctr . d'Etuded'Oceanogr. et de BioI. Mar., CNRS , PlaceTeissier, 2921 I Roscoff, France.

90:4177Su, Yongquan and Jinglin Xiao , 1989. Studies on the

tropomyosin of marine zooplankton. Acta oceanol.sin. (English version), 8(3):431-440.

The isolation and characterization of tropomyosinfrom three zooplankton from Xiamen coastal watersis described. Data on molecular weight, isoe1ectricpoint, crystal characteristics, amino acid composi­tion , and secondary structure are reported. Dept. ofOceanogr. , Xiamen Univ., Xiamen, People's Repub­lic of China . (gsb)

E220. Invertebrates (except E230-Crusta­cea, E240-Protozoa)

90:4178Alino, P.M. and J.e. Coli, 1989. Observations of the

synchronized mass spawning and postsettlementactivity of octocorals on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia: biological aspects. Bull. mar. Sci;45(3):697-707. Dept. of Chern. and Biochem.,James Cook Univ . of North Queensland,Townsville, Qld. 4811, Australia.

90:4179Cortie, M.B., 1989. Models for mollusc sheDshape. S.

Afr. J . Sci. , 85(7):454-460 .

Three-dimensional mathematical models for shells,based on the observation that the shell shapes ofmost molluscs maintain self-similarity during on­togeny, were developed, but never applied, in the

OLR (1990)37 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 649

nineteenth century. More recently, four- or five­parameter models using a circular aperture havebeen published. This paper described more com­prehensive models which take into account bothsurface ornamentation, orientation of the aperturalplane and non-isometric variation during ontogeny.The shape of the aperture may be elliptical orprovided by measured numerical data. The modelsare applied to a variety of mollusc genera and shownto produce recognizable results. 28 Francois Ave.,Bordeaux, Randburg, 2194 South Africa.

90:4180Fabry, V.J., 1989. Aragonite production by pteropod

molluscs in the subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Res;36(lIA): 1735-1751.

Daily aragonite production of thecosomatous pter­opods (Clio pyramidata and Limacina helicina) wasestimated a t Ocean Sta. PAPA during July, 1985,us ing instantaneous growth rate and size-frequencymethods. The aragonite production estimate of 4.4mg CaCOJ m-2 d-I, determined by the instantaneousgrowth rate method, was 50% of the publishedestimate of Foraminifera flux collected in a deepsediment trap at Sta. PAPA during the time of thisstudy. Based on an annual production model,pteropod aragonite accounts for 4-13% of theestimated total CaCOJ production of 12-20 g CaC03m-2'fl. Model results suggest that coccolithophoridsarc the major producers of CaC03 at Sta, PAPA.Chern. Dept., WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543,USA.

90:4181Kleppel, G .S., R.E. Dodge and C,J . Reese , 1989.

Changes in pigmentation associated with thebleaching of stony corals. Limnol. Oceanogr;34(7): 1331-1335. Nova Univ. Oceanogr. Ctr.,8000 North Ocean Dr., Dania, FL 33004, USA.

90:4182Lee, J .-H. and Pyung Chin, 1989. Quantitative

Importance and species composition of poly­cbaetes in the benthic community of the YellowSea. Bull. Korean Fish. Soc; 22(4): 189-195. (InKorean, English abstract.) KORDI, Ansam,425-600 Korea.

90:4183Lewis, J.B., 1989. The ecology of Millepora. A

review. Coral Reefs, 8(3):99-107 .

Representative literature on the calcareous hydro­zoan Millepora over a broad geographical range isreviewed, with an emphasis on consolidating ascattered literature and stimulating interest in thisabundant and geologically important, but little

studied, reef organism. The life history strategies ofMillepora and scleractinians are compared. Althoughthe two respond similarly to storms and otherdisturbances, Millepora appear resistant both toAcanthaster predation and common coral diseases.Dept. of Biol., McGill Univ., 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave.,Montreal, PQ H3A l BI , Canada. (gsb)

90:4184Wilkinson, C.R. and A.C. Cheshire, 1989. Patterns in

the distribution of sponge populations across thecentral Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs, 8(3):127-134. Australian Inst, of Mar. Sci., PMB No.3, Townsville M.C., Qld. 4810, Australia.

E230. Crustacea

90:4185Aarset, A.V. and T. Aunaas, 1990. Effects of osmotic

stress on oxygen consumption and ammoniaexcretion of the Arctic sympagic amphipod Gam­marus willdtzkH. Mar. Ecol -Prog. Ser., 58(3) :217-224. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Trondheim,7055 Dragvoll, Norway.

90:4186Andres, H .G., 1988. [Two new acanthonotozomatids

from tbe Bransfield Strait, Antarctica (Crustacea:Amphipoda).) Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus . Inst;85:111-120. (In German, English abstract.) Zool.Inst. und Zool. Mus. der Univ. Hamburg,Martin Luther King Platz 3, D-2000 Hamburg13, FRO.

90:4187Anger, K. et aI., 1989. Physiological and biochemical

changes during tbe larval development of abrachyuran crab reared under constant conditionsin the laboratory. Helgolander Meeresunters.,43(2):225-244. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland, Meere­station; D-2192 Helgoland, FRG.

90:4188Atkinson, Angus , 1989. Distribution of six major

copepod species around South Georgia during anaustral winter. Polar Biol; 10(2):81-88."

The chief physical and biological factors affectingthe distributions of these species are assessed and theresults are compared with those from a similarsurvey around the island carried out in early summer(1981/1982). During the winter survey, horizontalchanges in copepod abundance corresponded well tothe temperature gradient across the polar front. Incontrast to the summer survey the age structure ofeach species showed little variation throughout the

650 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (7)

survey area. This was attributed mainly to thedecreased rates of copepod growth and metabolismin winter. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, HighCross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK.

90:4189Botton, M.L. and J.W. Ropes, 1989. Feeding ecology

of horseshoe crabs on the continental shelf, NewJersey to North Carolina. Bull. mar. Sci; 45(3):637-647. Div. of Sci. and Math., Fordham Univ.,113 W. 60th St., New York, NY 10023, USA.

90:4190Buchholz, Friedrich, D.I. Morris and J.L. Watkins,

1989. Analyses of field moult data: prediction ofintermouIt period and assessment of seasonalgrowth in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superbaDana. Antarct, Sci; 1(4):301-306. lnst. furMeereskunde Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20,D-2300 Kiel, FRO.

90:4191Campos, N.H. and Michael Turkay, 1989. On a

record of Charybdis helleri from the Caribbeancoast of Colombia (Crustacea: Decapoda:Portunidae). Senckenberg, marit., 20(3/4): 119­123. Inst. de Cienc. Nat., Univ, Nac. de Colom­bia, c/o lnst. de Invest. Mar. de Punta de Betin,Atpdo. Aereo 1016, Santa Marta, Magdalena,Colombia.

90:4192Charnov, E.L. and P.I. Anderson, 1989. Sex change

and population fluctuations in pandalid shrimp.Am. Naturalist, 134(5):824-827.

Based on data from -55,000 pandalid shrimpcollected over a l S-yr period, a significant (P<O.OI)positive correlation is demonstrated between the sizeat which 50% of the individuals are female and theoverall size distribution of the breeding population(as indicated by mean breeder size). These resultslend further support to the notion that the size at sexchange follows yearly fluctuations in population sizedistribution. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Utah, Salt LakeCity, UT 84112, USA. (gsb)

90:4193Coleman, e.O., 1989. Burrowing, grooming, and

feeding behaviour of Paracersdocus, an Antarcticamphipod genus (Cmstacea). Polar Biol; 10(1):43-48. Univ. Oldenburg, Fachbereich 7, Arbeits­gruppe Zoomorphol., Postfach 2503, D-2900Oldenburg, FRO.

90:4194Coleman, C.O., 1989. Gnathiphimedia mandibularis

K.H. Barnard 1930, an Antarctic ampbipod(Acanthonotozomatidae, Crustacea) feeding onBryozoa. Antarct. Sci., 1(4):343-344. Univ.Oldenburg, Fachbereich 7, Arbeitsgruppe Zo­omorphol., Postfach 2503, D-2900 Oldenburg,FRO.

90:4195Coleman, Oliver and H.G. Andres, 1988. [New

Ediniphimedia species from Antarctica (Crus­tacea: Ampbipoda: Acanthonotozomatidae).\Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst ; 85:121-140. (InGerman, English abstract.) Arbeitsgruppe Zo­omorphol. Fachbereich Bio1., Univ, Oldenburg,Postfach 25 03, D-2900 Oldenburg, FRG.

90:4196Crustacean Society (committee on the names of

decapod crustaceans), 1989. Common and sci­entific names of aquatic invertebrates from theUnited States and Canada: decapod crustaceans.Spec. Publs Am. Fish. Soc; 17:ca. 50pp.

A phyletic listing of the decapod crustaceansoccurring in the coastal (within 320 km) and freshwaters of the U.S. and Canada is presented.Preferred common names are given, and the ra­tionale behind common name recommendations isexplained. Of the 1614 species listed, there are 509shrimps; 364 lobsters, crayfishes, and lobster-likespecies; 285 hermit crabs, squat lobsters, andporcelain, mole, and sand crabs; and 456 brach­yuran crabs. Among the marine decapods there are>2.5 times as many Atlantic as Pacific species, andonly 36 species are found in both regions. Rec­ommendations for changes to be considered for thesecond edition may be addressed to: Chair, Com­mittee on Names of Decapod Crustaceans, cloAmerican Fish. Soc., 5410 Grosvenor Ln., Ste. 110,Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. (gsb)

90:4197Dahms, H.-D., 1989. First record of a lecitbotrophic

nauplius in Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda)collected from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica).Polar BioI., 10(3):221-224. Univ. Oldenburg,Fachbereich 7, Arbeitsgruppe Zoomorphol.,D-2900 Oldenburg, FRG.

90:4198Endo, Yoshinari, 1989. Allometric differences ob­

served on the same sized immature and maturemales of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba

OLR (1990) 37 (7) E. BiologicalOceanography 651

Dana). Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 36(1):5-10. FarSeas Fish. Res. Lab., 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu 424,Japan.

90:4199Fiers, Frank, 1988. ProbosciphrJDtodes n.gen., a new

genus of the family Aneorabolidae, with thedescription of two new species (Copepoda, Har­pacticoida). Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg., 58:75-83.Oceanogr. sect., Koninklijk Belgisch Inst. voorNatuurwetenschappen, Vautierstr. 29, B-I040Brussels, Belgium.

90:4200Franz, D.R. and Y. Mohamed, 1989. Sbort-distance

dispersal in a fouling community amphipodcrustacean, Jassa marmorata Holmes. J. explmar. Btol, Ecol., 133(1-2):1-13. BioI. Dept.,Brooklyn Coil., Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.

90:4201Harms, J. and B. Seeger, 1989. Larval development

and survival in seven decapod species (Crustacea)in relation to laboratory diet. J. expl mar. Bioi.Bco/., 133(1-2):129-139. BioI. Anstalt Helgoland,Meeresstation, 2192 Helgoland, FRG.

90:4202Hessen, D.O., Steinar Sandey and Pregen Ottesen,

1989. Calanoid copepods from Suuth Georgia,with special reference to size dimorphism withinthe genus Pseudoboeckella. Polar BioI., 10(1):71­75. Dept. of BioI., Univ. of Oslo, P.O. Box 1050,Blindern N-0316, Oslo 3, Norway.

90:4203Hessler, R.R. and J.-O. Stromberg, 1989. Behaviorof

janiroidean isopods (Asellota), with special ref­erence to deep-sea genera. Sarsia, 74(3): 145-159.

This report describes behavior seen in aquaria ofspecies within the Janiridae, Munnidae, Paramun­nidae, Iscnnomesidae, Desmosomatidae, Euryco­pidae, and Ilyarachnidae. Observations cover lo­comotion, feeding, grooming, respiration, brooding,and interindividual behavior. Several activities,particularly concerning grooming and respiration,characterize many of the taxa. Locomotory habitsare strongly correlated with morphology, but bur­rowing is more common than has been predictedfrom body design, and taxa with natatory confor­mation were surprisingly reluctant to swim. ScrippsInst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

90:4204Hughes, R.N. and R.W. Elner, 1989. Foraging

behaviour of a tropical crab: Ca/appa ocellata

Holthuis feeding upon the mussel Brachidontesdomingensfs (Lamarck). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol;133(1-2):93-101. School of Biol, ScL, Univ. ColI.of North Wales, Gango, Gwynedd LL57 2UW,UK.

90:4205Ikeda, Tsutomu and J.K.B. Raymont, 1989. Pre­

liminary studies on tbe intermoult period andgrowth of the pelagic shrimp Acetes sibogaeaustralis from a tropical sea. Bull. Plankt. Soc.Japan, 36(1):11-18. Japan Sea Regional Fish.Res. Lab., I Suido-cho, Niigata 951, Japan.

90:4206Kaartvedt, Stein, 1989. Nocturnal swimming of

gammaridean amphipod and cumacean Crustaceain Masfjorden, Norway. Sarsia, 74(3): 187-193.Dept. of Mar. Biol., Univ. of Bergen, N-5065Blomsterdalen, Norway.

90:4207Lagerspetz, K.Y.H. (guest editor), 1990. Crustacean

thermobiology. J. thermo BioI., 15(1):96pp; 15papers.

The biochemical (membrane adaptations), physio­logical (neural, muscular, digestive, and respiratoryeffects), developmental, and behavioral impacts oftemperature on crustaceans, both marine and fresh­water, are explored. The heat shock response,temperature preference, and the effects of industrialthermal effluents on marine crustaceans are con­sidered. (gsb)

90:4208Lipcius, R.N., E.J. Olmi III and Jacques van

Montfrans, 1990. Planktonic availability, moltstage and settlement of blue crab postlarvae. Mar.Ecol.-Prog. s«; 58(3):235-242. College of Wil­liam and Mary, School of Mar. Sci., GloucesterPoint, VA 23062, USA.

90:4209Lockwood, A.P.M. and S.R.L. Bolt, 1989.Physiology

of Crustacea from difficult environments. Trans.R. Soc. Edinb., 80(3-4)285-292.

Examples of mechanisms involved in body fluidregulation by present-day crustaceans inhabitingvariable salinity habitats are described using am­phipod gammarids and the isopod M esidoiea(Saduria} entomon as models. Species inhabiting themost demanding hahitats have the greatest rangeand most sophisticated regulatory responses, andresponses to salinity change seem finely tuned, bothin rapid responses to sudden alteration in salinity

652 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (7)

and to longer term changes associated with accli­mation to a new steady state condition. The isolationof populations and features of derived freshwaterraces are considered and implications for thepresumed physiological mechanisms of fossil formsdiscussed. Dept. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Southamp­ton, S09 5NH, UK.

90:4210McLaughlin, P.A. and Janet Haig, 1989. On the

status of Pylopaguropsis zebra (Henderson), P.magnimanus (Henderson), and GaJapagurusteeyanus Boone, with descriptions of seven newspecies of Pylopaguropsis (Crustacea: Anomura:Paguridae). Mtcronesica, 22(2):123-171. ShannonPoint Mar. Ctr., Western Washington Univ.,1900 Shannon Point Rd., Anacortes, WA 98221,USA.

90:4211Miller, C.B. and Makoto Terazaki, 1989. The life

histories of Noocalanus fJemingeri and Neoes­Janus pJumcbrus in the Sea of Japan. Bull. Plankt.Soc. Japan, 36(1):27-41. Coll, of Oceanogr.,Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

90:4212MUller, H.-G., 1989. Munnogonium polynesiensis

n.sp. from coral reefs at Bora and Moorea,Society Islands (Isopoda: AseUota: Paramun­nidae). Bull. zool. Mus. Univ, Amst; 12(2):57-64.Inst. fur Allgemeine and Spezielle Zool. derJustus Liebig Univ., Heinrich Buff Ring 29, 6300Giessen, FRG.

90:4213MUller, H.-G., 1989. Acanthocope pentJJcornis n.sp.

from the deep sea of the Gulf of Aden (Crustacea:Isopoda: Munnopsidae). Senckenberg: marit ;20(3/4):125-129. Inst. fur Allgemeine und Spez.Zool., Justus Liebig Univ., Heinrich Buff Ring29, D-6300 Giessen, FRO.

90:4214Ovaere, A.A., 1988. A new species of the genus

Leucosill from Australia and Papua New Guinea(Crustacea, Brachyura). Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat.Belg ; 58:95-98. Recent Invertebrates Sect.,Loninklijk Belgisch Inst. voor Natuurweten­schappen, Vautierst. 29, B-I040 Brussels, Bel­gium.

90:4215Peyrot-Clausade, Mireille, 1989. Crab cryptofauna

(Brachyura and Anomura) of Tikehau, TuamotuArchipelago, French Polynesia. Coral Reefs,8(3):109-117.

Sixty-five species of crab were sampled at 13Tikehau atoll sites, revealing an impoverishedcryptofauna relative to both Polynesian and Mala­gasian reefs. Despite the low diversity of Tikehaucrab cryptofauna in comparison to these other reefareas, all three regions had some outer reef species incommon. Cluster analysis identified two speciesassemblages at Tikehau-i-one on outer slopes andone common to reef-flats and lagoons. Ctr.d'Oceanol. de Marseille, Sta. Mar. d'Endoume,F-13OO7 Marseille, France. (gsb)

90:4216Ramos, G.E. and Raul Rios, 1988. Clellntioides

vonprahli, a new species of idoteid isopod (Crus.tacea: Isopoda: Idoteidae) from Bahia MOaga,Pacific coast of Colombia. Revta Biol. trop;36(2B):383-386. Fac. de Ciencias, Univ. delValle, Aptdo, Aereo 25 360, Cali, Colombia.

90:4217Ross, R.M. and L.B. Quetin, 1989. Energetic cost to

develop to the first feeding stage of Euphllusiasuperba Dana and the effect of delays in foodavailability. J. expl mar. Bio!. Beol., 133(1­2):103-127. Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of California,Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

90:4218Shuster, S.M., 1989. Male alternative reproductive

strategies in a marine isopod crustacean (Para­cerceis sculpta): the use of genetic markers tomeasure differences in fertilization success amonga-, /3-, and 'Y-males. Evolution, 43(8):1683-1698.Dept. of Eco!. and Evol., Univ, of Chicago, 915E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

90:4219Thiel, Hjalmar and Gerd Schriever, 1989. The

DISCOL enigmatic species: a deep-sea pedipalp?Senckenberg, marit; 20(3-4):171-175.

An arthropod species that could not be affiliatedwith one of the known deep-sea taxa was photo­graphed several times in the Peru Basin at depthsaround 4150 m, Hypothetically, it is 'placed in theArachnida, near to the Amblypygi (order Pedipalpi).Inst, fur Hydrobiol. und Fischereiwiss., Univ. Ham­burg, Zeiseweg 9, D-2000 Hamburg 50, FRG.

90:4220Wada, Keiji and Katsushi Sakai, 1989. A new species

of Mllcrophthalmus closely related to M.japonicus (De Haan) (Crustacea: Decapoda:Ocypodidae). Senckenberg. marit; 29(3/4): 131­146. Nara Women's Univ., Dept. of Biol.,Kitauoya Nishi-machi, Nara 630, Japan.

OLR (1990) 37 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 653

90:4221Walter, T.e., 1989. Review of the New World species

of PseudodJaptomus (Copepoda: Calanoida), witha key to the species. Bull. mar. Sci; 45(3):590­628.

This study continues a review of the genus Pseu­dodiaptomus and clarifies the status of the Americanspecies. Two new species P. longispinosus, and P.panamensis, and an unidentified species, along withthe recent introduction of P. marinus, bring to 15 thenumber of species in this region. Previously mis­identified species are placed in synonymy andextended zoogeographical ranges are presented. TheAmericanus species group and subgroups including13 species are defined. A key to all species found inAmerican coastal waters is presented. Dept. ofInvert. Zool., Smithsonian Inst., NHB-Stop 163,Washington, DC 20560, USA.

90:4222Watling, Les and Odalisca Breedy, 1988. A new

cumacean (Crustacea) genus from beaches ofGolfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Revta Bioi. trop.,36(2B):527-533. Darling Mar. CIr., Univ. ofMaine, Walpole, ME 04573, USA.

90:4223Whatley, R.C. and R.Y. Dingle , 1989. First record of

an extant, sighted, shallow-water species of thegenus Poseidonamicus Benson (Ostracoda) fromthe continental margin of southwestern Africa.Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 98(11):437-457. Dept. ofGeol., University College, Aberystwyth, UK.

90:4224Wicksten, M.K., 1989. Ranges of offshore decapod

crustaceans in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Trans.San Diego Soc. nat. m«, 21(19):291.316.

Distributions of offshore decapods in the easternPacific fall into a pattern of at least five clusters: theAleutian Islands to Washington, Washington orOregon to southern California, Baja California andthe Gulf of California to central America, Panamaor Colombia to Peru, and Chile to Cape Hom. Theseclusters are supported by distributional data at alldepths considered. There is a sharp break in faunaldistributions between that of northern Baja Cali­fornia and all areas to the south, largely due to thereplacement of species of Pandalus to the north byspecies of Heterocarpus to the south. Compared tothe northeastern Pacific, the western coast of SouthAmerica is poor in total number of species and thedegree of endemism in decapods. Except for a fewcosmopolitan species of the lower continental slopes,North and South America have no species in

common. Dept. of Bioi., Texas A&M Univ., CollegeStation, TX 77843, USA.

90:4225Witbaard, R. and G .C.A. Duineveld, 1989. Some

aspects of the biology and ecology of the bur­rowing shrimpCalliaoassJI subterraDeB (Mootagu)(Thalassinidea) from the southern North Sea.Sarsia, 74(3):209-219. Netherlands Inst. for SeaRes., P.O. Box: 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel,Netherlands.

90:4226Wouters, Karel, 1988. Two interesting new marine

interstitial Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Com­oros, with the description of DampusselJa gen.no»,Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg; 58:85-93. RecentInvertebrates Sect., Koninklijk Belgisch Inst.voor Natuurwetenschappen, Vautierst. 29, B­1040, Brussels, Belgium.

90:4227Zhu , Genhai, 1989. Diet analysis of Antarctic krill

EuphausIa superba Dana. Acta oceano I. sin .(English version), 8(3):457-462. Second Inst. ofOceanogr., State Oceanic Admin., Hangzhou,People's Republic of China.

E250. Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Tintln­nida, etc. (see also ~UBMARINEGEOL­OGY AND GEOPHYSICS)

90:4228Langer, Martin, Lukas Hottinger and Birgit Huber,

1989. Functional morphology in low-diverse ben­tltic foraminiferal assemblages from tidal flats ofthe North Sea. Senckenberg, marit., 20(3-4):81­99. Geol.-Palaontol. Inst., Univ. Basel, Bernoul­listr, 32, CH·4056 Basel, Switzerland.

E260. Macrophytes (algae, grasses , etc.)

90:4229Bradley, P.M. and E.L. Dunn, 1989. Effects of sulfide

on the growth of three salt marsh halophytes ofthe southeastern United States. Am. J. Bot;76(12):1707-1713 .

In hydroponic cultures, both plant height andbiomass of Spanina alterniflora were inhibited atsulfide concentrations as low as 1.0 mM, stronglysuggesting a role for sulfide in the determination of

654 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (7)

height forms in the marsh. Production of S. cyano­suroides was inhibited at high sulfide concentrations,but not at in-situ levels. A sulfide concentration of0.5 roM inhibited Borrichia frutescens production;concentrations this high were found only in mixedstands of Juncusroemerianus and Bifrutescens. Mar.Sci. Prog., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA.

90:4230Saga, Naotsune, Yoshihiko Sakanishi and Takashi

Ogishima, 1989. Method for quick evaluation ofceU viability in marine macroalgae. Japan. J.Phycol., 37(2):129-136. Hokkaido Reg. Fish.Res. Lab., Fish. Agcy., Kushiro, Hokkaido, 085Japan.

90:4231Steinberg, P.O. and V.J. Paul, 1990. Fish feeding and

chemical defenses of tropical brown algae inWestern Australia. Mar. Ecol-Prog, Ser., 58(3):253-259. School of Biol. Sci. A-12, Univ. ofSydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

90:4232Sundback, Kristina et al., 1990. Impact of accu­

mulating drifting macroalgae on a shallow-watersediment system: an experimental study. Mar.Ecol.-Nog. Ser., 58(3):261-274.

Using an outdoor flow-through experimental set-up,the effect of drifting filamentous macroalgae on ashallow water sediment system was studied for 3weeks after addition of 0.9 and 1.8 kg fresh wt m-2 offilamentous red algae. The low-dose treatment didnot significantly alter the composition or patterns ofprimary productivity and nutrient fluxes relative tothe control. The high-dose addition decreased theabundance of microalgae, ciliates and meiofauna,The systems in control and low-dose containers wereautotrophic, whereas the high-dose treatments ex­hibited net O2 consumption most of the time. Thepoe content of the top 5 mm of sediment increasedby 2 g m? in both control and low-dose containers,but decreased by 2.3 g m ? in the high-dosetreatments. Dept. of Mar. Botany, Univ, of Gote­borg, Carl Skottbergs Cata 22, 8-413 19 Goteborg,Sweden.

90:4233Wells, J., EJ. Moll and J.J. Bolton, 1989. Substrate

as a determiuant of marine intertidal algalcommunities at Smitswinkel Bay, False Bay,Cape [of Good Hope]. Botanica mar; 32(6):499­502.

Three rock types- granite, dolerite, and quartzite

provide varied substrates for the macroalgal com­munities of Smitswinkel Bay. Sampling showed thatthe substrate type affected community diversity andstructure, with surface relief playing a major role.Species diversity and percentage cover were higheston granite and quartzite, respectively. Dolerite­associated communities had both the lowest diver­sity and lowest cover. Bot. Dept., Univ. of CapeTown, Rondebosch, Republic of South Africa. (gsb)

E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, dia­toms, flagellates, etc.)

90:4234Bartsch, Annette, 1989. Sea ice algae of tbe Weddell

Sea (Antarctica): species composition, biomass,and ecophysiologyof selected species. Repts polarRes. (Ber. Polarforsch.), 63: IIOpp. (In German,English abstract.)

Results of physical, chemical, glaciological, andbiological studies of ice cores taken primarily duringthe July-December, 1986 Winter Weddell SeaProject are reported along with data from relatedlaboratory studies. Small pennate diatoms were themost numerous components of the sea ice algaecommunity, and Nitzschia cylindrus was the domi­nant species throughout the study area. Althoughfew species were found in restricted ice zones,regional variations were apparent. Algal biomassincreased over the study period and a Phaeocystispouchetii!N. closterium bloom was observed in theupper layers of northern pack ice. Experimentsrevealed a high tolerance for both low temperatureand high salinities, and rapid growth followingice-melt. Alfred Wegener Inst. for Polar and Mar.Res., 0-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. (gsb)

90:4235Doucette, G.J., A.D. Cembella and G.L. Boyer,

1989. Cyst formation in the red tide dinoflagellateAlexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae): effects ofiron stress. J. Phycol., 25(4):721-731. Biol, Dept.,WHOI, WQQds Hole, MA 02543, USA.

90:4236Du Preez, D.R., E.E. Campbell and a.c. Bate, 1989.

First recorded bloom of the diatom Asterionellagladalis Castracane in the surf-zone of theSundays River beach. Botanica mar; 32(6):503­504. Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Port Elizabeth,P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6001, Republic ofSouth Africa.

OLR (1990) 37 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 655

90:4237Fernandez-Reiriz, M.J. et al., 1989. Biomass pro­

duction and variation in the biochemical profile(total protein, carbohydrates, RNA, lipids andfatty acids) of seven species of marine microalgae.Aquaculture, 83(1-2):17-37. lust. Invest. Mar.,C.S.I.C., Muelle de Bouzas 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.

90:4238Genkal, Sergei, 1989. Quantitative estimation of

diatom algae using the scanning and transmissionelectron microscopes. Diatom Res; 4(2):249-254.

A method is proposed for the quantitative assess­ment of phytoplankton using electron microscopy. Ithas been tested on phytoplankton samples con­taining diatom populations from thousands tomillions of cells per liter. The results of diatomcounts using SEM and TEM appear quite com­parable with data obtained using light microscopy.The method may be used for studies of thenannoplankton fraction of phytoplankton. 152742,Inst. of Biol. of Inland Waters, Borak, Yaroslavl,Nekouz, USSR.

90:4239Lee, J.J. et al., 1989.Identification and distribution of

endosymbiotic diatoms In larger Foraminifera.Micropaleontology, 35(4):353-366. Dept. of Biol.,City Coil. of CUNY, Convent Ave. at 138th St.,New York, NY 10031, USA.

90:4240McLellan, M.R., 1989. Cryopreservation of diatoms.

Diatom Res; 4(2):301-318.

Of ten strains of marine diatoms tested, eight provedamenable to cryopreservation. Unsatisfactory re­covery occurred following freezing in all four strainsof freshwater diatoms used. At fast rates of cooling,freezing injury in Stephanodiscus sp. and Fragilariacrotonensis resulted from intracellular ice formation(IIF). At slow cooling rates IIF was avoided, butfreezing injury still occurred, probably due tocytotoxic leakage of vacuolar contents to the cellcytoplasm, as a result of freezing-induced hypertonicstress. Cell Syst. Ltd., Cambridge Sci. Park, MiltonRd., Cambridge CB4 4FY, UK.

90:4241Navarro, IN. et aI., 1989. Benthic marine diatoms of

Caja de Muertos Island, Puerto Rico. NovaHedwigia, 49(3-4):333-367. Biol. Dept., CatholicUniv. of Puerto Rico, Ponce, PR 00731, USA.

90:4242Peterson, C.G. and R.J. Stevenson, 1989. Substratum

conditioning and diatom colonization in differentcurrent regimes. J. Phycol; 25(4):790-793.

Short-term diatom colonization of clean ceramictiles conditioned with a thin, nonalgal biofilm wasexamined in fast- and slow-current outdoor exper­imental stream channels to assess effects of organicconditioning and current regime on diatom colo­nization. Colonization rates onto unconditioned tileswere 10 times lower in fast current than in slow.Organic conditioning of tiles significantly enhancedcolonization in fast current, but not in slow current.Nitzschia acicularis and Synedra radians colonizedunconditioned tiles more rapidly than conditionedtiles in slow current, suggesting the existence ofnegative interactions between these diatoms andbacteria and/or organics in conditioning films. Dept.of Zoo1., Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287,USA.

90:4243Sivonen, K. et al., 1989. Toxicity and isolation of the

cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena from thesouthern Baltic Sea in 1986. Hydrobiologia,185(1):3-8. Univ. of Helsinki, Dept. of Micro­bioI. SF-0071O, Helsinki,Finland.

90:4244Snoeijs, Pauli, 1989. A check-list of the benthic

diatoms at Forsmark (northern Baltic Sea). 1.Epilithic and epiphytic taxa. Annls bot. Fenn.,26(4):427-439. Inst. of Eco1. Botany, UppsalaUniv., Box 559, S-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.

90:4245Snoeijs, P.J.M., 1989. Ecological effects of cooling

water discharge on hydrolittoral epilithic diatomcommunities in the northern Baltic Sea. DiatomRes., 4(2):373-398. Inst. of Eco1. Botany, Upp­sala Univ., Box 559, S-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.

90:4246Snoeijs, P.J.M. and U. Kautsky, 1989. Effects of

ice-break on the structure and dynamics of abenthic diatom community in the northern BalticSea. Botanica mar., 32(6):547-562.

Diatom colonization was studied using submergedgranite panels and polycarbonate strips as sub­strates. Patterns of species composition differedbetween the substrates, but a general seasonalpattern occurred for both. Species compositionremained constant in March and the latter half ofApril, but major changes occurred in early Aprilduring ice-break. On both substrate types thedominant organism in March, the tube-dwelling

656 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990)37 (7)

diatom Navicula ramosissima, was replaced by newdominants (Amphipleura rutilans on the granite andchiefly Chaetoceros spp. on the polycarbonate). Inst.of Ecol. Bot., Uppsala Univ., Box 559, S-75122,Uppsala, Sweden. (gsb)

90:4247Tillmann, Urban, M.E.M. Baumann and Ludwig

Alets ee, 1989. Distribution of carbon amongphotosynthetic end products in the bleom-formlngarctic diatom Thalassiosira antarctica Comber.Polar BioI., 10(3):231-238. Inst, fur BioI I, Syst,und Geobotanik, Rheinisch Westfalische Tech .Hochschule Aachen, Worringer Weg 1, D-51ooAachen, FRG.

90:4248Weger, RG., Ronny Herzig, P.G. Falkowski and

D.H. Turpin, 1989. Respiratory losses in the lightin a marine diatom: measurements by short-termmass spectrometry. Limnol. Oceanogr.; 34(7):1153-1161. Turpin: Dept. of BioI., Queen'sUniv., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.

E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake,trace accumulations, etc. ; see also B3SQ­Atmospheric pollution, C210-Chemical pol­lution, F250-Waste disposal)

90:4249Bamber, R.N., 1990. Power station thermal effluents

and marine crustaceans. J . thermo Biol; 15(1):91­96.

Recent studies on the responses of marine crus­taceans to the conditions of power station coolingwater discharges are collated. Three significantaspects of the discharge temperature regime areidentified, the higher mean temperature, the absolutetemperature, and tidally caused fluctuation intemperature. This temperature regime deters sten­othermal species of those near the zoogeographicwarmer limit of their distribution, while encouragingspecies adapted to warmer waters. The only two'exotic' crustacean species which have occurred inthe British waters because of warm water dischargesare Brachynotus sexdentatus and Balanus amphitrite.Mar. Biol , Unit, CEGB, Frawley, Southampton S04ITW , UK.

90:4250Besser, J.M . et a1., 1989. Distribution and bioac­

cumulation of selenium in aquatic microcosms.Environ. Pollut ., 62(1): 1-12. US Fish and Wild­life Serv., Natl. Fish. Contaminant Res. Ctr.,Rte. 2, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.

90:4251Bidleman, T.F. et a1., 1989. Toxaphene and other

organochlorines in Arctic Ocean fauna:.. evidencefor atmospheric delivery. Arctic, 42(4):307-313 .

Residues of the insecticide toxaphene and otherorganochlorines (OCs) were determi ned in air, snow,seawater, zooplankton, and benthic ~JIlphipo?s

collected from an ice island in the Canadian Arctic .The simultaneous determination of DCs in theatmospheric, hydrologic, and biologic c~mpartments

provided evidence of an atmosphere link .to pol~r

food chains . The order of OC abundance In Arcticair was: hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) > hexa­chlorobenzene > PCCs > polychlorinated biphen­yls (PCBs) > chlordanes > DDTs. In seawater,PCCs were exceeded only by the HCHs. Concen­trations of PCBs and PCCs in two samples ofbenthic amphipods were the highest of the. OCsdetected. Dept. of Chern., Mar. Sci. Prog., Univ, ofSouth Carolina, Columbia , SC 29208, USA.

90:4252Boon, l .P. et a1., 1989. A structure-activity rela­

tionship (SAR) approach toward metabolism ofPCBs in marine animals from different trophiclevels. Mar. environ. Res., 27(3-4): 159-176.Neth­.erlands lnst. for Oceanic Sci., PO Box 59, 1790AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.

90:4253Moran, P.l. and T.R. Grant, 1989. The effects of

industrial pollution on the development andsuccession of marine fouling communities. I.Analysis of species richness and frequency data.Mar. Ecol. (P.S.Z.N. I), 10(3):231-246. Austra­lian lns t. of Mar. ScL, Cape Ferguson, PMB 3,Townsville, MC Qld. 4810, Australia.

90:4254Moran, P.l. and T.R. Grant, 1989. The effects of

industrial pollution on the development andsuccession of marine fouling communities. II.Multivariate analysis of succession. Mar. Ecol.(P.S .Z.N. f), 10(3):247-261. Australian Inst. ofMar. Sci., Cape Ferguson, PMB 3, Townsville,MC Qld. 4810, Australia.

90:4255Munawar, M., G. Dixon, C.I. Mayfield, R. Reynold­

son and M.H. Sadar (guest editors), 1989.Environmental bioassay techniques and theirapplication. International conference, Universityof Lancaster, 11-14 July 1988. Hydrobiologia,I88/189(l-3):68Opp; 67 papers.

Of the approximately 100 presentation~ made at theconverence, 90 manuscripts were subnutted for peer

OLR (1990) 37 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 651

review and 67 of those were accepted for publicationin this special issue. The contributions are dividedinto four sections, the first of which includes thekeynote address and plenary and conceptual papers.Topics in this group include the scientific basis ofbioassays; acute vs, chronic bioassays; bioassayselection; an overview of the application of bioas­says to environmental problems in general and towater pollution, ecosystem health, and impactassessment; and the use of zooplankton and fishassays. The second section (26 papers) is devoted tothe specifics of bacterial, protozoan, phytoplankton,and plant bioassays. The third and fourth sections(15 papers each) are devoted to invertebrate andfish/general papers, respectively. (gsb)

90:4256Nakamura, Kunihiko et al., 1990. Organomercurial­

volatilizing bacteria in the mercury-pollutedsediment of Minamata Bay, Japan. Appl. environ.Microblol; 56(1):304-305.

A total of 4,604 bacterial strains isolated from thesediments of Minamata Bay and nearby low­level-mercury stations were screened for the abilityto volatilize mercury from inorganic and organicmercurial compounds. The strains that volatilizemercury from several kinds of organomercurialswere found only in Minamata Bay sediments. Dept.of Basic Med. ScL, Natl. Inst. for Minamata Dis.,4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto 867, Japan.

90:4257Oudot, 1. and E. Dutrieux, 1989. Hydrocarbon

weathering and biodegradation in a tropicalestuarine ecosystem. Mar. environ. Res., 27(3­4):195-213.

The weathering of a crude oil has been studied for a12-mo period in the intertidal mangrove sedimentsof the Mahakam Delta (East Kalimantan, Indo­nesia). The relative roles of physical removal andmicrobial biodegradation were determined. Physicalprocesses were at first predominant. Biodegradationextent and rates were remarkably similar to thoseobserved in analogous temperate ecosystems. Ni­trogen deficiency was the critical factor in thelimitation of the biodegradation rate. Digging of thesediments surface layer did not increase biodeg­radation and should be avoided in such ecosystems.Lab. de Cryptogamie, Mus. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., 12rueBuffon, 75005 Paris, France.

90:4258Perissinotto, R. and T. Wooldridge, 1989. Short-term

thermal effects of a power-generating plant onzooplankton in tbe Swartkops Estuary; SouthMrica. Mar. Ecol. (P.S.Z.~. I), 10(3):205-219.

Wooldridge: Inst. for Coastal Res., Univ. of PortElizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000,South Africa.

90:4259Phelps, B.L. and K.A. Warner, 1990. Estuarine

sediment bioassay with oyster pediveliger larvae(Crassostrea gigas). Bull. environ. Contamin.Toxicol; 44(2): 197-204.

A sediment bioassay using C. gigas is described andresults are compared with those obtained using C.virginica, which may soon be more widely available.Advantages of the C. gigas assay include rapidity,sensitivity, simplicity of operation, apparent simu­lation of actual sediment effects, and suitability forsolid-phase sediment testing.. The test organism issensitive, euryhaline, commercially availablethroughout most of the year, and easy to maintain.Recommended procedures for application of thesediment bioassay are given. BioI. Dept., Univ. ofthe District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008,USA. (gsb)

90:4260Reed, Mark et al., 1989. Simulation modelling of the

effects of oil spills on population dynamics ofnorthern fur seals. Bcol. Model; 49(1-2):49-71.

Population dynamics and migration models weredeveloped and combined with an oil spill simulationmodel to determine the effects of spills on PribilofIsland fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Two simula­tions of 10,000barrel oil spills were performed- onenear Unimak Pass during peak migration of preg­nant females, oiling 3% of total females, and onenear St. Paul Island during pupping season, oiling2---4% of females. Depending on the assumed oil­induced mortality rate, effective recovery took 0-25years. App!. Sci. Assoc. Inc., 70 Dean Knauss Dr.,Narragansett, RI 02882-1143, USA.

90:4261Subramanian, K.S. (ed.), 1989. Special issue. Recent

advances in biological trace element analysis.Symposium papers, Ottawa, Ontario, 7-10 Au­gust 1988. Sci. total Environment, 89(3):233-365;18 papers.

The symposium presentations comprise this specialissue; those that have already appeared in printelsewhere are included in the form of extendedabstracts. Methods used include graphite furnaceMS, gas chromatography, GC-AAS, and cold­vapor mercury AAS. Both metal and organometalanalyses are included, with an emphasis on lead andmercury. Most of the papers address biomedicalapplications. (gsb)

658

90:4262Summers, J.K., 1989. Simulating the indirect effects

of power plant entrainment losses on an estuarineecosystem. Ecol. Model; 49(1-2):31-47. U.S. EPAEnviron. Res. Lab., Sabine Island, Gulf Breeze,FL, USA.

E340. Aquaculture (commercial)

90:4265Billard, R. and N. DePauw (compilers), 1989.

Aquaculture Europe '89. Short communicationsand abstracts of review papers, films/slideshowsand poster papers, International AquacultureConference, Bordeaux, France, 2-4 October,1989. Spec. Publ, Eur. Aquacult, Soc; 1O:35Opp;123 papers.

90:4266Staff, 1990. (Aquaculture) Buyer's Guide '90 and

Industry Directory. Aquat. Mag., 19th AnnualBuyer's Guide: 226pp.

This 19th annual buyer's guide provides informationon products, services, and suppliers of interest toaquaculturists. It also supplies sources of informa­tion: state, regional, national and internationalaquaculture associations; state extension specialistsand aquaculture coordinators; universities andinstitutions offering courses; federal resources, in­cluding the Sea Grant Program and regional aqua­culture centers. Also included are a status report onworld aquaculture, a table of useful conversionfactors, and indices of 1989 feature articles, columns,and advertisers. (gsb)

OLR (1990) 37 (7)

E370. Theoretical biology and ecology

90:4267Kociolek, J.P., E.C. Theriot and D.M. Williams,

1989, Inferring diatom phylogeny: a cladisticperspective. Diatom Res; 4(2):290-300.

The true phylogeny of a lineage can never be known,only estimated. Phylogenetic systematics of cladisticsrepresents one approach to inferring genealogicalrelationships of diatoms. The assumptions of thecladistic approach and its associated methodologyare outlined, and examples are presented for thediatoms. The relevance of recognizing monophyleticgroups to phylogenetic reconstruction is discussed.California Acad. of Sci., Golden Gate Park, SanFrancisco, CA 94118, USA.

E410. Miscellaneous

90:4268Fortuin, A,W. et al., 1989.Expected effects of the use

of the Oosterschelde storm surge barrier on thesurvival of the intertidal fauna. Part I. The effectsof prolonged emersion. Mar. environ. Res; 27(3­4):215-227. Delta Inst. for Hydrobiol, Res.,Vierstraat28, 4401 EA Yerseke, Netherlands.

90:4269Fortuin, A.W. et al., 1989.Expected effects of the use

of the Oosterschelde storm surge barrier on thesurvival of the intertidal fauna. Part 2. The effectsof protracted tidal cycles. Mar. environ. Res;27(3-4):229-239. Delta Inst. for Hydrobiol. Res.,Vierstraat 28, 440I EA Yerseke, Netherlands.

F. GENERAL

FlO. Apparatus, methods, mathematics(multidisciplinary)

90:4270Alikakos, N.D., P.W. Bates and C.P. Grant, 1989.

Blow up for a diffusion-advection equation. Proc.R. Soc. Edinb., (A) Il 3(3-4): 181-190.

These results describe the asymptotic behaviour ofsolutions to a certain non-linear diffusion-advection

equation on the unit interval. The 'no flux' boundaryconditions prescribed result in mass being conservedby solutions and the existence of a mass-parame­terized family of equilibria. For non-Iinearities whichcharacterise 'fast association' there is a critical masssuch that initial data which have supercritical massmust lead to blow up in finite time. There also existinitial data with arbitrarily small mass which alsolead to blow up in finite time. Dept. of Math., Univ.of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA,