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Three Parts of the Neuron Dendrite, Cell body, Axon
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The Parts of the Neuron
1. Dendrites- receive incoming messages
to the nerve cell- resemble tree branches
2. Cell Body- contains nucleus
Axon-- conducts impulses away from the nerve
cell to other neurons- Myelin sheath
- fatty material that covers the axon and insulates it which increases conduction speed - Nodes of ranvier-spaces between the myelin sheath where information can become depolarized ( get lost)
Terminal Buttons (end bulb)- holds chemicals which communicate with other neurons by firing information across the synapse to the next cell body, organ or muscle
a. Transmitters - a chemical messenger between cells/neurons
Examples of neurotransmitters- seratonin, GABA, dopamine
- excitatory- chemical locks open and
neurons are turned on- inhibitory
- chemical locks are closed and neurons turn off
• Seratonin is the brain chemical
that is associated with moods, concentration and attention
Thinking about the information in the last slides, explain what happens in the brain with people who are depressed
Types of Neuronsa. Sensory or Afferent neurons
- transmit messages from sensory receptors to the brain and spine
a.Inter neurons- located entirely within the brain and spinal cord, intervene between sensory and motor neurons
C. Motor or Efferent Neurons- transmit impulses from sensory or inter neurons to muscle cells that contract or gland cells that secrete (sends messages away from the brain)
Examples- reflexes
• Babinski reflex
Sympathetic Nervous systemSympathetic- prepares the body for strenuous
activity• - ex- speeds heart rate