Upload
tony-power
View
48
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
A quantitative analysis of dairy waste biomass conversion to biogas as a function ofmanure total solid (TS) concentration was explored. Simply stated, manure “A-IS” wasdiluted with water from an oxidation pond at 1, 3, 5, and 10 % TS in either 4 or 10 Lglass bottles. The volume of biogas produced was measured using the flapper-pulsetechnique on a daily basis. The methane and carbon dioxide content in the biogas wasdetermined in average at around 60 % and 40 % respectively on a per volume basisusing a portable infrared Bio Gas-Analyzer equipment ( from Gas-Data LTD)
Citation preview
University of Puerto RicoPhysics & Chemistry Department
Renewable Energy : Biofuel Production
Physics & Chemistry DepartmentArecibo
Renewable Energy : Biofuel ProductionKinetic Analysis of Manure Waste Destruction and Biogas
Formation in a Batch Reactor.
5th Forum for Undergraduate ResearchD b 19 2011December 19, 2011
Azgad J Cardona MartiAzgad J. Cardona MartiHéctor E. Claudio Cintrón
Jonathan Reyes ArceLeroy Goñez RodríguezLeroy Goñez Rodríguez
Luis M. Font LewisXioneyl Román González
Advisor: Prof. Hirohito Torres Díaz, PhD,PE
Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives
To determine the biogas production rate (ft3 Biogas/ ft3 digester-day) forrate (ft Biogas/ ft digester day) for different manure waste concentrations.To complete a digester scale up modelTo complete a digester scale-up model to run a 1-HP internal combustion engine.
What is Biogas?What is Biogas?
The bacterial degradation of organic material thatThe bacterial degradation of organic material that produces a gas ( in this case CH4 and CO2), in the absence of oxygen, so it can be used as a fuel source.
AIREXHAUST
BIOGAS INTAKE CHAMBER
POWER KWs
Biogas PropertiesBiogas Properties
Mixture Of Gases:Mixture Of Gases: ~ 40 to 70% of Methane (CH4)~ 30 to 60% of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 30 to 60% of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Trace levels of other components such as H2S and NH4H2S and NH4
Biogas Average Density (STD) ≈ 0.074 lbs/ft3
Biogas Average Energy ≈ 560 BTU/ft3Biogas Average Energy ≈ 560 BTU/ftNatural Gas (NG) ≈ 1000 BTU/ft3
Pure Methane ≈ 1200 BTU/ft3
Manure Waste Degradation via an biAnaerobic Process
Dairy WasteT i ll
15%
Typically a cow can produce ≈ 100
lbs/day of manure
15%Total Solid
85% H2O
20% 80%
organicinorganic
12 lbs of 60% of CH4 Biogas ≈ 12.8 ft3/ lbs V.S. For the 100% conversion to
biogas
volatile solid (V.S)
4 g
Experimental Setup for Biogas Generation and Flow Measurement
Gas Bubble Trap (Flapper)Gas Bubble Trap (Flapper)Reed Swich Flapper off
Magnet
Flapper on
BubbleFlapper on
PLC Setup For Biogas Flow Measurements
Flapper Volume CalibrationFlapper Volume Calibration
Flapper Buoyancy Actionpp y y
Experimental Setup for Different Manure Waste Total Solid Concentrations
(Experiments in Duplicates)
Name % of Manure ReactorName % of Manure(TS)
Reactor Volume (L)
Xioneyl 1 % 3
Luis 3 % 3
Leroy 5 % 3
Jonathan 5 % 7
Azgad 10 % 7
Hector 10 % 7
Reactor PreparationReactor Preparation
Basic Concept of Cow ManureBasic Concept of Cow Manure
85% Water
15% Total Solids
Cow Manure “As-Is’’
Reactors to Prepare% TS
Concent. 1% 3% 5% 10%
Volume (L) 3L (duplicate)
3L(duplicate) 7L 7L
(duplicate)
Reactor PreparationExample 3L Reactor at 3% TS
How much water and manure were needed to prepare a 3Lreactor (duplicate) at 3% TS?
1.4 lbs
Manure
Total Weight9.9 lbs Duplicate Reactors at 3% TS
Water from oxidation pond
Actual Total Solids (TS) Vs. E i d V lEstimated Values
V ifi ti f TSVerification of TS
Reactors Concentration Measured Average Concentration
1 0207 % 0 9133 %1%
1.0207 % 0.9133 % 1.0%
1.2251 % 1.2312 % 1.2 %4 3111 % 4 2754 % 4 3 %
3%4.3111 % 4.2754 % 4.3 %
4.2732 % 4.3982 % 4.3 %
5% 5.2772 % 5.4044 % 5.3 %
10%11.8999 % 12.1122 % 12.0 %12.7578% 12.5377 % 12.6 %
Example of Data Gathering and A l iAnalysis
Reactor A 3 % (Flapper Volume = 24mL)Reactor A 3 % (Flapper Volume = 24mL)
Day Flapper Pulse
VolumeVented (mL)
VolumeAccumulated
(mL)Daily Rate Accumulated
Rate(mL) (mL)1 60 1,440 1,440 0.480 0.4802 101 2,424 3,864 0.808 0.6443 109 2 616 6 480 0 872 0 7203 109 2,616 6,480 0.872 0.7204 111 2,664 9,144 0.888 0.7625 94 2,256 11,400 0.752 0.760… … … … … …30 3 72 27,720 0.024 0.308
Summary of ResultsSummary of Results
% 1% 3% 5% 10%Max.
Accumulated Volume
4,296 27,349 111,228 …
Summary of ResultsSummary of Results
Name %Rate *
@ 30 daysRate *
@ 60 days
Xioneyl 1% 0.045 ± 0.036 ------
Luis 3% 0.062 ± 0.215 ------
Jonathan 5% 0.306 ± 0.088 0.110 ± 0.059
AzgadHector
10% 0.392 ± 0.145 0.415 ± 0.140
mLbiogasbiogasft=3
3
* daymLreactordayreactorft −−3
Challenge for Future WorkChallenge for Future Work
Reactor (TS) Rate5% 0.31 ft^3 biogas / ft^3 reactor -day% g y
System ModelyBiogas tube storage
I t k
ExhaustValve
Intake Chamber Engine
a eExhaust
Power (w)
Airvalve
55 gallons drums
Reactors
ConclusionsConclusionsAn experimental setup was configured for the biogas production and fl f llflow measurements successfully. The system currently allows for eight (8) digesters, but based on the PLC I/O cards, it can handle up to 28 digesters simultaneously.Biogas production started immediately (within one day) after mixing manure and water from an oxidation pound.The biogas production for digesters 1% and 3% (TS) ceased at around 30 days. Digesters at 5% and 10% never stopped producing biogas even after 60 days.The biogas production rate (within the range of these experiments) appears proportional to the TS concentration. The pH of the digesters at 10% were adjusted with NaOH several times during the first month. Digesters at 5% or less, the pH remained neutral. Hence, no pH adjustment was required.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors of this project want to thanks theThe authors of this project want to thanks the following contributors:
Torrado’s Dairy Farm for providing the raw y p gmaterial and the knowhow about the day-to-day dairy operationCentro de Investigación y Creación (CIC) for providing the funds for this project.
FOOD FOR THOUGHT…Ref. Thomas Menke, Menke Consulting Inc.