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Biogas production from sugar beet silage. Jin Mi Triolo University of Southern Denmark. Why sugar beet silage ? . Dedicate energy crop for biogas production : prohibited until 2011 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Biogas production from sugar beet silage
Jin Mi Triolo
University of Southern Denmark
Why sugar beet silage?
• Dedicate energy crop for biogas production: prohibited until 2011
• New regulation since 2012: up to 25% of dedicate energy crop allowed as co-
feedstock (at least 75% must be animal manure)
• Sugar beet : Highest dry matter yield per. ha
: Easily degradable, high methane potential
: Ensilaging produce alcohols and organic acids
(quick biogas production)
Influence of ensilage
Be-fore silo
Silo 1 Silo 2 Silo 3 Silo 4 Silo 5250
280
310
340
370
400
430
460
490
BMP
(CH4
NL
kg V
S-1)
Ensilage effect of beets pulps
DM DM loss VS VS loss VS Total
VFATotal
Alcohol pH BMP BMP
g kg-1 % g kg -1 % (%) % of VS % of VS NL CH4 kg VS-1) CH4 NL kg -1
Fresh silage 194,6 153,4 78,8 0,46 0,00 4,5 342,1 52,5
Silage 1 146,7 24,6 109,8 28,41 74,9 8,48 4,60 3,6 490,3 53,8
Silage 2 157,6 19,0 116,8 23,84 74,1 8,63 4,50 3,6 499,8 58,4
Silage 3 163,5 16,0 121,1 21,05 74,1 6,01 4,66 3,6 456,3 55,3
Silage 4 173,7 10,8 114,2 25,52 65,8 6,78 4,95 3,6 478,0 54,6
Silage 5 135,5 30,4 106,0 30,90 78,2 8,77 4,84 3,7 493,9 52,3
Further Study 1• Grøngas A/S (Hjørring)
• Long term monitering of beet ensilage (Harvested in Nov. 2013- Ensilaging until December 2014) (6 silos with different scenarios)
o GHG emission o Biogas potentialso Optimising high rate biogas production o Organic composition
Further study 2• 1 Spring barley straw • 2 Spring barley straw in the swath, 21/10 • 3 Spring barley straw + aftermath, fresh • 4 Spring barley straw + aftermath, ensiled • 5 Grass seed straw, fresh • 6 Grass seed straw, silage • 7 Grass seed straw, silage grass juice • 8 Grass seed aftermath, fresh • 9 Grass seed after forage ensiled • 10 Maise silage
Further study 3
Beet topStraw with 30% waterRoerod knust
Beet top and straw with different mixing ratiosBeet top + Straw 0 100Beet top + Straw 75 25Beet top + Straw 80 20Beet top + Straw 85 15Beet top + Straw 90 10Beet top + Straw 100 0
Grøngas A/S (Hjørring)
Examples of concept model work Biogas production of sugar beet in Energy production and Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Field
Post -storage
Biogas production
Ensilage
Cleaning
Harvest Harvest in Octobero Beet top for animal feedo Beet root for bigas production
Dry Cleaning in the fieldo Removing soil, sand, stones, etc.
Ensilage for 8 monthso Whole beet root, fermentationo Covered
Co-digestion with cattle manure1200m3, 6ton/day, 37°C, HRT 20days
Cattle manure
PVC roof (avoid dilution), until field application
Applied in October or April
Unit 1. Harvest
Sugar beet in field
Topharvested m2g
x3root g
x2 DM g Root harvested m3g
x2 H2O g
x3soil g
Unit 2.Cleaning
Washed root m5g
Soil m4g
x8 H2O g x8 DM g x8 VS g x8 ash g
Unit 3.Storage
Unit 4.Mixing
Emission m6g
x6 CO2 g x6 CH4 g
Silage m7g
x7 H2O g x7 DM g x7VS g x7 ash g
Unit 7Field
x1root g x1 soil g
x1top g m1g
Cattle slurry m8 gUnit 6.
After-storage
Gas m13g
x13 CO2 g x13 CH4 g
x13 NH3 g
Unit 5.Anaerobic digestion
Biogas(obtained) m10g
x10 CO2 g
x10 CH4 g
x10 NH3 g
Digestate m12 g
x12 H2O g
x12 ash g x12VS g
x12 DM g x9 H2O g
x9 ash g x9VS g
x9 DM g
Mixed substrate m9g
Biogas (emitted) m11g
x11 CO2 g x11 CH4 g
x11NH3 g
Fertilizer m14 g
x14 H2O g
x14 ash g x14VS g
x14 DM g
Gas m15g
m15 CO2 g m15 N2O g
m15 NH3 g
x10 H2O g
x10 H2O g
x5 H2O g
x5 ash g x5VS g
x5DM g
Flow chart of Reference Scenario 7 process units and sub-systems with a total of 15 process streams
Model 1 (Basis unit :1000g beet)Model 2 (Basis unit : ton/ha)
Process unit 1. Harvest
Unit 1. Harvest
Sugar beet in field
TopRemoved
706.9root g
34.2 DM g 221.4 H2O g
37.5soil g
706.9root g 37.5 soil g
744.4g 1000g
Root harvested
255.6g
Total 744.4g
Dry matter192.0g
VS152.7g
VSND14.4g
VSED138.3g
VSED Carbohydrate
129.8 g
VSED Lipid0.8g
VSED Protein
7.8g
Ash39.3g
Water552.4g
Composition of root +soil (stream 3)
• Top for animal feed• Root for biogas production• Soil : 22% of beet’s dry matter
1
2
3
Process unit 2. Cleaning
Unit 2.
Cleaning
Root harvested
SoilRemoved
547.9 g H2O
30.8 DM g 4.5 H2O g
161.2 g DM
706.9root g 37.5 soil g
709.1g 744.4g
Root cleaned
35.3g
VS 152.7g
VSD138.3g
VSDCarbohydrate
129.8g
Sucrose101.2g
Cellulose6.5g
Hemicelluloe6.5g
Pectins15.6g
VSD Lipid0.8
VSD protein7.8g
VSND14.4g
VS Composition of cleaned root (Stream 6)
Soil residueo 3.4% (dry cleaning) o 2.1% (wet washing)4
5
68.5 g ash 151.7 g ash
AgroTech (Jørgen Pedersen)
Cleaned root
Process unit 3. Ensilage
VS and BMP loss during ensilage
GHG o CO2 emission through ensilage : 12.7 L /kg beet o CH4 emission during first period ( 2-3 weeks) : 1.24 L/kg beet 2.5% (Agrotech)
VS (g/kg w.w) BMP (L/kg VS) BMP (L /kg w.w) Fresh beet 231 361 83
Ensilage 8 months 212 383 81
VS (g/kg w.w) BMP (L/kg VS) BMP (L /kg w.w) Fresh beet 215 324 70
Ensilage 8 months 187 359 67
o German study (Weißbach et al., 2011)
o Our study
TBMP per kg VS TBMP Before ensilage TBMP After ensilage CH4 NL kg VS-1 CO2 NL kg VS-1 g CH4 NL CO2 NL g CH4 NL CO2 NL
Sucrose 393 (50%) 393(50%) 101 40 40 31 12 12Ethanol 730(75%) 244(25%) 0 0 0 21 15 5
o High BMP of alcohol
Process unit 3. Ensilage
Unit 3. Ensilage
Gas emission
538.9 g H2O
22.6 CO2 g 0.9 CH4 g
136.8 g DM
694.1.g
Silage
23.5g VS loss until the end of March under careful storage
o 16%
7
8
98.5 g ash 128.3 g VS
AgroTech (Jørgen Pedersen)
Root silage
Fraction (%)
In the model (g)
Before ensilage
Up to 6 months
More than 6 months
Beforeensilage
Moren than 6 months
Sucrose 78 60 30 101 31Glucose 0 6 8 0 8.4Ethanol 0 10 20 0 2.1Hexoses 5 7 9 6.5 9.5Pentose 5 7 9 6.5 9.5Pectins 12 10 24 15.6 25.3
Total 100 100 130 105
547.9 g H2O 161.2 g DM
709.1g
Root cleaned
8.5 g ash 151.7 g VS
Changes of Carbohydrate during ensilage
Fraction : Weißbach et al., 2009
Process unit 5. Biogas production
• Methane production rate and cumulative yield
Beet
Cattle manure
3% of total biogas
92% of BMP removed
85% of BMP removed
Sugar beet Cow manure
Input VS g 128 261
Removed VS g 90 66
Remaining VS g 39 196
VS destruction% 70 25
VS destruction
Overview of model 1( 1000 g of beet + cattle manure)
Process unit (g)
Model for beet production per ha (139 ton/ha) (+381 ton cattle manure)
Energy production
Model 1 (1000g) Model 2(ton /ha)
Biogas
• CH4: 60.5g (84.7L)• CO2: 125.1g(63.7L)• Total: 185.6g(148.4L)
Energy
• 3.4MJ
Electricity
• 0.95Kwh
Biogas
• CH4: 8.4.Mg (11780 m3)• CO2: 17.4Mg (8855 m3)• Total: 25.4Mg (20634m3)• 43m3/ton
Energy
• 474588MJul• 941MJ/ton
Electricity
• 131Mwh (261Kwh/ton)
GHG emission using biogas technology ( Model 1)
With Biogas production
• CH4 : 4.177g (0.88g ensilage, 1.87g biogas plant emission, 1.42g after-storage)• CO2 : 28.9g (mainly from ensilage )• GHG as CO2 eq. : 133.3 g
Without biogas production
• CH4 : 4.183g , CO2 : 7.3g , GHG as CO2 eq. : 111.9g
No GHG reduction, may be due to
• GHG emission from beet silage included• High CO2 emission from ensilage• CH4 emission from ensilage • Emission from a biogas plant