Biogas for Transport

By: Lodewijk Nell – EcoMetrix Africa Date: 14 October 2016 Occasion: Monthly JBF Environmental Sustainability Subcommittee Meeting

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Agenda

Table of Contents

Introduction

Biogas for Transport Potential

Considerations for a Municipality

Road Ahead

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EcoMetrix Africa Climate Change – Green Economy – Renewable Energy

• EcoMetrix leverages its global and domestic experience in providing energy and carbon

related services along three distinct service lines as illustrated and detailed below:

• EcoMetrix has successfully delivered and engaged with a wide range of South African and

global companies, among which:

Strategy and Implementation

‘Improving carbon and energy performance’

Technologies and Policies

‘Introducing low carbon technologies and energy efficiency in Southern Africa’

Funding and Financing

‘Improving business cases securing benefits from public funds, financiers and incentives’

Introduction

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Biogas for Transport Studies for DTI and DEA

Introduction

Biogas Report – February 2016 Department of Environment (DEA) FACILITATION OF LARGE-SCALE UPTAKE OF ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT FUELS IN SOUTH AFRICA – THE CASE FOR BIOGAS

Click Underlined Hyper Link for the Biogas Report

Green Transport Report – Ongoing Department of Trade and Industry (dti) STRATEGY FOR POLICY DIRECTION PROMOTING GREEN ROAD TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES IN SOUTH AFRICA

To be published

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Green Transport Objectives PPP Benefits

Biogas for Transport Potential

Pic

ture

: w

ww

.niz

o.c

om

• People

Mobility and Jobs

• Planet

Air Quality and GHG Mitigation

• Profit

Cost Reduction

Oil Import Dependency

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Biogas

sources Upstream

logistics

Biogas

production Biogas

upgrading

Downstream

logistics

Biogas

end use

— Abattoirs

— Agriculture

— Fruit

processing

— Municipal

solid waste

— Municipal

waste water

— Pulp & paper

— Sugar

production

— In process

pipeline

— In process

road

transport

— In process

rail transport

— Dedicated

pipeline

transport

— Dedicated

road

transport

— Dedicated

rail transport

— Landfill gas

collection

— Mesophilic

Anaerobic

Digestion

— Water

scrubbing

— Polyethylene

Glycol (PEG)

Scrubbing (e.g. Selexol)

— Pressure

swing

adsorption

— Chemical

scrubbing (e.g.

amine or sodium

hydroxide based)

— Compression

— Storage

— Transport to

the envisaged

off-taker

— Fleet owners

— Retail use

Value Chain Biogas for Transport

Biogas for transport value also includes:

• Biogas upgrading to increase the methane level close natural gas

• Downstream logistics including compression and distribution

Biogas for Transport Potential

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Biogas for Transport Cost of Compression and Upgrading

Smallest Facility by Swedish Supplier Malmberg COMPACT® GR BAS 1-3 100 - 650 Nm3/h raw gas capacity http://www.malmberg.se/en-us/What-we-do/Biogas/Malmberg-COMPACT

Biogas for Transport Potential

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Economies of Scale Impact of Size on Cost of Biogas

Inception Report

http://www.build-a-biogas-plant.com/

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Potential - 3 million Nm3 of Biogas per Day Largely in Urban Areas - 38% MSW Sector

Fruit Processing

Brewery

Abattoir

Pulp & Paper

Municipal Waste Water

Agriculture

Sugar Production

Municipal Solid waste

Total

0.36%

Sector

13.77%

32.35%

1.27%

6.91%

7.27%

0.21%

Biogas potential (Nm3/day)

38.07%

Biogas for Transport Potential

3 million Nm3/day of Biogas 2 million l/day of Petrol 32 million l/day of Petrol in 2013 *

* http://www.energy.gov.za/files/media/explained/Overview-of-Petrol-and-Diesel-Market-in-SA-between-2002-and-2013.pdf

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Making CBG for Transport Viable Important Considerations

• CNG can strengthen CBG Development

- Security of Supply

- Economies of Scale

- Shared infrastructure

• Focus on Homogeneous Transport Patterns

- Best use of investments in CBG/CNG fuel stations

- No range anxiety

- Busses, taxis

- Long haul cargo transport routes between Gauteng and Durban

• Preferential Position of Municipalities

- Close to CNG and CNG sources - Supply

- Fleets of busses and taxis - Demand

Considerations for a Municipality

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The Value of Biogas Most Economic Value Created as a Transport Fuel

Electricity from Biogas

CBG as a substitute for CNG

CBG as a substitute for Petrol

• 98 – 171 R/GJ 1

• Based on electricity rate:

0.89 - 1.54 R/kWh-e

• 71 – 79 R/GJ

• Combined Heat & Power:

900 -1,100 per kWe

• 19 – 100 R/GJ

• Available for production of

raw cleaned biogas .

• 238 – 249 R/GJ

• Based on rates known

from Egoli / CNG license

• 91 – 116 R/GJ

• Upgrading + compression

cost of biogas.

• 122 – 158 R/GJ

• Available for production of

raw cleaned biogas .

• 309 – 400 R/GJ

• Based on petrol price of:

10 – 13 R/litre

• 91 – 116 R/GJ

• Upgrading + compression

cost of biogas.

• 193 – 309 R/GJ

• Available for production of

raw cleaned biogas .

1 40% electrical efficiency which is the top of the range (30-40%) 2 Mitigation potential is 10 - 47% higher for a CHP generator with an efficiency of 30 - 40%.

PR

ICE

CO

ST

MA

RG

IN

Considerations for a Municipality

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Biogas Yield – Know Thy Waste High Variation in Biogas Return on Waste

Beef Slaughter

Waste

Fruit Effluent

Chicken Litter

Solid Waste

Bagasse

4.25 GJ/ton

Abattoir

Chicken Slaughter

Waste

Pork Slaughter

Waste

Cattle Slurry

Pig Slurry

Agriculture

Fruit Processing

Municipal Waste

Sugar Production

Waste Water

3.07 GJ/ton

2.32 GJ/ton 2.21

GJ/ton

1.69 GJ/ton 1.55

GJ/ton 1.14

GJ/ton 1.07 GJ/ton

0.64 GJ/ton

0.54 GJ/ton

Source: FNR, 2010; KTBL Feedstock Atlas and LfL website

Considerations for a Municipality

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Johannesburg Potential

Considerations for a Municipality

• Overall Theoretical Potential CoJ

Municipal Waste: 4,110 t/d

≈ 200 - 400,000 Nm3 biogas per day

≈ 142 - 284,000 litres petrol per day

Waste Water: 95,000 Nm3/day biogas

≈ 67,000 l petrol/day

• Choice:

Waste to Electricity or Waste to Biogas?

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Johannesburg Conditions and Activities

Considerations for a Municipality

• Specific Conditions

Urban air quality challenges

Lack of landfill airspace

Access to CNG - pipeline SASOL

City Gas Distribution Network

• Activities

Dual fuel BRT and Metro busses

CNG conversion of petrol mini taxi busses

LFG to Electricity

Northern Water Works CHP (heat & power)

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The Road Ahead What are we Planning for?

• Transport Fuel vs Electricity ?

• Large or Small Scale Uptake ?

• Master Plan or Case Based ?

• Demand: City Fleets

• Supply: Waste 2 Biogas, CNG, Egoli

• Awareness and Capacity

• Incentivize and/or Regulate ?

• Urban air quality regulations

• Subsidy for CNG/CBG conversion

Considerations for a Municipality

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Contact Details

EcoMetrix Africa (Pty) Ltd.

info@ecometrix.co.za

011 44 77 892

www.ecometrix.co.za

3rd Floor, The Travel House

4-6 Hood Street, Rosebank

Johannesburg, 2196

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