BIOGAS DECENTRALIZED ENERGY SUPPLY FROM ... 2.1_SAG.../compost facilities Food processors Municipalities Energy providers Dry anaerobic digestion Biogas in Germany – input determines

BIOGAS –

DECENTRALIZED ENERGY SUPPLY

FROM LOCAL AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES

International Conference on “Integrated Resource Management in Asian cities:

the urban Nexus” Visions, best practice, experience sharing

Bangkok, 24.-26. June 2013

Dr.-Ing. Martin Wett

Süddeutsche Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur GmbH

www.sag-ingenieure.de (englisch) [email protected]

Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur-GmbH Sachsen

www.sag-sachsen.de [email protected]

sewers waste water treatment sludge treatment energy

GERMANY Ulm Heidenrod Karlsruhe Schramberg Wiesbaden Würzburg Dresden Hamburg

AUSTRIA Graz

renewable energy

_________________

political framework

Biogas in Germany

Time to change our way to produce energy

Nature Can’t Handle Our Growing CO2-emission

Global energy issue‘s

German legislation aim‘s

Renewable energy resource act (EEG)

wind energy biogas / thermal water power solar energy

forestry

waste management

agricultural

sanitary engineering energy industrie (solar, biogas, windpower,)

climate protection by reducing CO2-emissions ! Increasing local net product! new local working places!!!

support : use of local and renewable ressources

effects:



Renewable energy resource act (EEG) biogasplants in germany


Total installed electrical power

2.900 MWel.




All-rounder biogas

energy on

demand



All-rounder biogas

enables

base load energy supply



biogas

_________________

input ressources and technology

Biogas in Germany

organic waste

(commercial

and indusrial)

organic

municipial

waste

agriculture

BIOGAS in GERMANY

as result of

waste from

landfills

food residue

market waste

residues from poduction

processes

(e.g. bee, sugar, wine, milk,

alcohol, juice, meat,

products, vegetables

pocessing)

fat

sewage sludge

municipal solid

waste

landscape care

manure

residues

energy crops

sorted organic

fractions from

waste treatment

(MBT)

Biogas in Germany – input ressources

Technology alternatives in anaerobic digestion

Biogas plants for

pumpable organic matter

Biogas plants for non-

pumpable organic matter

Wet anaerobic digestion

Main focus: energy crops, manure, slury Main focus: municipal organic

waste, agricultural residues

Target groups:

Farmers: Dairy and livestock farming

Energy providers

Public services

Target groups:

Waste management industry

/compost facilities

Food processors

Municipalities

Energy providers

Dry anaerobic digestion

Biogas in Germany – input determines technology

Biogas from agricultural biomass technical solutions

lowcos biogasplant -

Tansania/Afrika 1990

Biogas low-tech-solution – wet anaerobic digestion

Turning organic liquid or waste with dry solid content <= 40% to

valuable energy Environmental impact in

germany acceptable ?

Biogas in Germany – wet anaerobic digestion

biogasplant – german standard 2013

Typical plant configuration

dosing station

reception pit

performance digester

pit storage digester

CHP-Container with system control

and feeding station

transformer station

gas-tight fermentation residue store


Overall process design of a biogasplant

heating grid

heat

residential house

stall

manure

renewable raw material

energy crops agricultural use

fermentation tancs with gas storage

resid

ue

bio

gas

substra

tes

biometane

gas treatment

natural

gas grid

electricity

electricity

grid

gas motor generator

heat

Enables high solid concentrations (30% to 15%) and a max.

volume load up to 6 kg oTS/m³fermenter volume

Ensures that fresh substrates are mixed thoroughly with the

fermentation substrate

Prevents the formation of floating layers

Prevents sinking layers and avoids solid sedimentation

Removes the gas from the liquid

Ensures stable biological operation

…. by shorter hydraulic retention time (30 d)

High and stable biogas production per m³ reactor volume


design mixing unit – low speed horizontal agitator

The standardized plant system leads to a progressive

reduction in costs

Lower capital cost

Optimum heating system for ideal temperature distribution

and therefore constant, optimum living conditions for the

bacteria

Volume load up to 3-4 kg oTS/m³ fermenter volume

… by hydraulic retention time of 30 – 60 d

Plant system can easily be expanded


design mixing unit – low speed horizontal agitator

Stackable substrates like yard waste and bio waste are the main material

source for dry fermentation Even low quality material can be utilised

Profitable material management, instead of expensive waste disposal

No tank-to-plate discussion since only waste products are utilised

No dependence to substrate supplier like agricultural

average specific bio waste yield = 126 kg/people/year

shielded against price fluctuations

Digestate comes as a high class fertiliser

No disposal – but production fertiliser, soil conditioner

Biogas is cleaned and grid injected or combusted in CHP

Biogas in Germany – dry anaerobic digestion

Turning organic waste with dry solid content > 40% to valuable energy




Process design of a biogasplant with CHP Unit

The advantages of this dry anaerobic digestion process is:

1.No rotating parts like agitators

2.No pre-treatment like silaging

3.The system tolerates impurities such as plastic, metal or wood

4.Low parasitic load

5.No additional water is needed

6.High methane yields, low sulphur content

7.High degree of degradation

A small portion (ca. 5%) of the generated heat is used as process heat in the plant (in floor radiant heat of digester, heating of building or similar)

The surplus heat is available for use externally

In the case that the heat cannot be utilized - the CHP or biogas boiler have emergency cooling equipment


Process design of a biogasplant with CHP Unit

Rectangular, side by side reinforced concrete containers with a floor area of 7 x 30m in which the stackable charge materials are digested

Mixing or other production related processing is not necessary

Reactor configuration


Opening of the fermenter after 28 days

No free water

No smell of volatile fatty acids

Organic fraction is broken down form 90% to 50%

Total solids went down from 30% to 17%


Charging and emptying of digester with a front loader or similar equipment

The plant is completely controlled via an SPS control system

Malfunctions are identified by the control system, registered and the plant

operator is notified

The BIOFerm Dry Anaerobic Digestion Ground plan

6-fermentation chamber biogas plant


Ground plan – 6 fermentation chamber biogas plant (190 kWel.)

size digester: 20m * 7m * 5m (L * W * H)

percolate

250 m³ Chp

Reactor configuration

Wet anaerobic digestion Dry anaerobic digestion

Capital costs:

3.000 – 5.000 € / kW el. Installed

Substrate input electrical output :

5.000 people 4.000 – 5.000 t biowaste 190 kW el.

Capital costs:

4.000 – 6.000 € / kW el. installed

Biogas in Germany – capital costs

Biogas in Germany – impressions

Owner:

E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH

Raw gas input:

2.000 m³/h

Processing capacity:

ca. 10 Mio. m³/year

Injection capacity/year:

100 billion kWh in natural gas grid

Input:

Maize silage, WCS, grass silage, catch crops

Gas grid:

Energienetze Bayern

Utilisation:

Operation of decentralized CHP by E.ON

Commissioning:

September 2009

Biomethane plant aiterhofen – 11,4 MW gas

Biogas plant Stoke Bardolph – EUCO® Titan 2000

Customer:

Severn Trent Water Ltd., England

Installed electrical output:

2 x 1063 kWel

Input:

Maize silage, whole crop silage

Commissioning:

May 2010

Utilisation:

The generated electrical and thermal energy is used for

a neighbouring sewerage treatment plant operated by

Severn Trent Water Ltd. Excess electrical energy is fed

into the public grid.

Biogas in England – impressions

Biogas plant Stoke Bardolph – 2,12 MWel

Customer:

Farmer Johann Mayer

Installed electrical output:

185 kW

Input:

3.500 t Beef slurry

1.700 t Grass silage

1.700 t Maize silage

400 t Solid pig manure

Commissioning:

December 2009

Utilisation:

The generated electrical energy is fed into the public grid.


Biogas plant fischbach (agricultural plant) – 0,185 MW gas

Allendorf (Eder) – 190kW Green waste and yard waste

Operator

Viessmann Biomasse KG

Location

Allendorf, Germany

Input material

7.000 t Green waste and yard waste

Comissioning

August 2010

Utilisation:

The generated electrical energy is fed into the public grid.

Thermal energy is used in a local district heating

network, to provide heat to the Viessmann headquarter

as a part of the Efficiency Plus initiative.


Biogas plant Allendorf (eder) – 0,185 MW gas

Allendorf (Eder) – 190kW Green waste and yard waste

Operator

BIOMethan Moosdorf

Location

Germany

Input material

9.000 t biological waste

7.000 t green waste

Comissioning

August 2007


Biogas plant Moosdorf(eder) – 0,84 MW gas

biogas

_________________

decentralized energy supply for bioenergy villages

Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy villagec

fermentation-residue

repository

pit storage fermenter/digester

plug-flow-

fermenter/digester

feeder block heating station

separated fraction of

solid matter

bird view on biogas plant (840 kW el.)

Biogas in Germany – decentralized bioenergy village

Drying (Heating) plant as part of the biogas plant


bird view on biogas plant (840 kW el.)


Heating net: length: 11.314 m Capacity: for 300 housholds Considered heat loss: 25%


Heat supply cascade concept

peakload-vessel (xx)

wood-pellet-vessel (xx)

water-buffer

heating net

chp biogasplant and satelite chp

sorted annual heat load curve

yearly operation time

fermentation residue

pellet‘s

straw pellet‘s

pelletitzing and drying of solid fermentation residues and use as

fertilizer/combustible


Production of electricity for 7,000 people

(about 2,000 private households) !!!

Heat production for 300 privat houses !!!

CHP

electricity

heat

CO2-reduction 4,800 tpy =

30% of today‘s CO2-emission of

Wettesingen !!!

Environmental effect of biogas


biogas

_________________

biogas in gas grids

The BIOFerm Dry Anaerobic Digestion Process flow diagramm – biogas utilisation



plant for biogas upgrading by pressure swing absorption (PSA)

biogas

_________________

biogas as fuel car

Biogas as car fuel


biogas

_________________

sewage sludge drying

Use of biogen waste for sewage sludge drying within a county with 170.000 people

Biogas in Germany – centralised sludge drying

Future sewage sludge disposal concept

Semicentrale dewatering on 5 wwtp with

Centralised sewage sludge drying and sludge degasification to ash

enery ressoruce for drying

Intelligent coupling of local waste and energyconcepts

local biogene waste: biowaste, leftover foodstuff, wood from landscape conservation


wood

drying of grain

wood heating

Anaerobe Vergärungsanlage

Landwirtschaftliche

Reststoffverwertung

gain concept :

drying of grain

gain concept :

sale of residues as fertilizer or pellet

ANAEROBE VERGÄRUNGSANLAGE

1.) biowaste

2.) leftover foodstuff

3.) wood from landscape conservation

4.) Abfälle aus der Landwirtschaft

sewage sludge

drying

gain concept:

sale of heat in heat grit

Use of wood in thermal heating

station

from landscape conservation

E N E R G I E M A N U F A K T U R


biogas project realisation

_________________

decission process

what is your financial budget ?

which biogas technologie is appropriated ?

which substrate ressources you have (municipal, industrial, other) ?

can you combine biogas with other technologies to realise decentralised energy supply

solutions ?

should you transfer your biogas with a biogas grid to the point of usefully

use ?

there is no need to do something but something usefull

Biogas projects – decission process

what can you do usefully with heat?

THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST !

june 2013

Documents

BIOGAS DECENTRALIZED ENERGY SUPPLY FROM ... 2.1_SAG.../compost facilities Food processors Municipalities Energy providers Dry anaerobic digestion Biogas in Germany – input determines