Bioethics Thesaurus 1999 Edition

BIOETHICS THESAURUS1999 Edition

BIOETHICS IN FOR MA TION RE TRIEVAL PRO JECTKen nedy In sti tute of Eth ics

Georgetown Uni ver sityWash ing ton, DC 20057-1212

The annual edition of the Bioethics Thesaurus provides the latest version of thecontrolled subject vocabulary, or Keywords, used for indexing and searching theBIOETHICSLINE database.

BIOETHICSLINE is a National Library of Medicine (NLM) database ofbibliographic references concerned with ethical and related public policy issues inhealth care and biomedical research. It is produced by the Bioethics InformationRetrieval Project at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, and ismade available online through NLM’s MEDLARS computerized informationsystem using ELHILL retrieval software. Contact the MEDLARS ManagementSection, National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894,(301)496-6193 or (888)346-3656 (e-mail: [email protected]) for informationabout obtaining an access code.

NLM also makes BIOETHICSLINE available for free searching via its easy-to-useInternet Grateful Med (IGM) World Wide Web application. IGM’s Web address is:http://igm.nlm.nih.gov. Access to BIOETHICSLINE on IGM, plus a Searcher’sGuide, are available at Web address http://bioethics.georgetown.edu.

Information about formulating BIOETHICSLINE search strategies, or aboutobtaining copies of difficult-to-locate publications cited in the database, may beobtained from the National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature at theaddresses and telephone numbers below.

This 1999 edition of the Bioethics Thesaurus was published by the KennedyInstitute of Ethics with funds provided under Contract N01-LM-7-3514 with theNational Library of Medicine. Additional support was provided by Grant2-P41-HG01115-04 from the National Human Genome Research Institute. Copiesare available for $25 ($30 outside North America) from the address below.Prepayment is required, with a charge to MasterCard or Visa, or a check madepayable to the Kennedy Institute of Ethics.

National Reference Center for Bioethics LiteratureKennedy Institute of EthicsGeorgetown University, Box 571212Washington, DC 20057-1212(202) 687-3885 or (888) BIO-ETHX;FAX (202) 687-6770;e-mail: [email protected] address: http://bioethics.georgetown.edu

© 1999, Print layout modified for Adobe Acrobat PDF for the Web, November 2006.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

In tro duc tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

New Keywords, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

An no tated Al pha betic List of Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Per muted In dex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Ap pen dix A: Sam ple BIOETHICSLINE Re cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Ap pen dix B: “Ma jor Is sue” Keywords (KW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Ap pen dix C: Pub li ca tion Types in BIOETHICSLINE, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Ap pen dix D: List of Sub ject Cap tions (SC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

Ap pen dix E: Ap proaches to De vis ing a Key word (KW) Search Strat egy . . . E-1

BIOETHICS THESAURUS1999 Edition

INTRODUCTION TO THE THESAURUS

The Bioethics The sau rus is a con trolled vo cab u lary de vel oped at the Ken nedy In sti tute of Eth ics, Georgetown Uni ver sity,spe cif i cally for the cross-dis ci plin ary field of bioethics. The The sau rus con sists of an an no tated al pha betic list of Keywords,shown in cap i tal let ters, that are used for search ing the Na tional Li brary of Med i cine’s BIOETHICSLINE da ta base. This da -ta base cumulates the ci ta tions that ap pear in print form in the an nual Bib li og ra phy of Bioethics.

The Na tional Li brary of Med i cine (NLM) makes BIOETHICSLINE avail able on line in two search modes. Ac cess via NLM’s MED LARS com puter net work us ing ELHILL re trieval soft ware is avail able for a mod er ate charge. For in for ma tion, con tactthe MED LARS Man age ment Sec tion, Na tional Li brary of Med i cine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Mary land 20894, tele -phone: (301) 496-6193 or (888) 346-3656, e-mail: [email protected].

Free acess to the da ta base is avail able via NLM’s easy-to-use Internet Grate ful Med (IGM) ap pli ca tion on the World WideWeb. The IGM ad dress is http://igm.nlm.nih.gov.

This edi tion of the Bioethics The sau rus con tains main en tries for ap prox i mately 700 search able terms. In ad di tion, it listsmany Use ref er ences which lead the user from nonsearchable to search able terms.

The fol low ing are ex am ples of a main en try and a cross ref er ence in the Bioethics The sau rus:

GENE THER APY(1980; MeSH map = same)SN The treat ment of ge netic dis or ders through

the in tro duc tion of prop erly func tion inggenes into the ap pro pri ate cells of anor gan ism

UF Ge netic en gi neer ingGermline gene ther apy†

BT Ge netic in ter ven tionGe netic ser vices

RT Ge netic en hance ment

Ge netic En gi neer ingUse GENE THER APY or GE NETIC IN TER VEN TION

or RE COM BI NANT DNA RE SEARCH

1980 The date listed be low each term in the Bioethics The sau rus is the year in which that term was first used toin dex ci ta tions in BIOETHICSLINE.

MeSH Over 90% of the terms in the Bioethics The sau rus have been au to mat i cally mapped to MeSH (Med i calmap Sub ject Head ings), the con trolled vo cab u lary de vel oped by the Na tional Li brary of Med i cine and used to in dex

doc u ments in its MEDLINE da ta base. These mapped MeSH terms can be used to search BIOETHICSLINE.When the MeSH term is not the same as the Key word, how ever, there may be a loss of pre ci sion and com plete nessin re trieval com pared to search ing with Keywords qual i fied with the mnemonic (KW).

SN The SN, or Scope Note, is a brief state ment of the in tended us age of a term. It may be used to clar ify an am big u ousterm or to re strict the us age of a term.

UF, Terms fol low ing the UF (Used For) no ta tion are not search able terms, but serve as lead-in-terms to theUse Keywords cho sen to rep re sent them. Use ref er ences are the re cip ro cals of UF references.

BT, The BT (Broader Term) and NT (Nar rower Term) no ta tions in di cate hi er ar chi cal re la tion ships among en try terms.NT In the sam ple en try, “Ge netic in ter ven tion” and “Ge netic ser vices” are con sid ered con cep tu ally broader, i.e., more

gen eral, than the en try term GENE THER APY. GENE THER APY cur rently has no nar rower, i.e., more spe cific, terms that are used for indexing and searching.

RT Terms which do not fall into the broader-nar rower re la tion ship, but which are con cep tu ally re lated, are listed asRe lated Terms (RT). In the sam ple en try, “Ge netic en hance ment” is a Re lated Term to GENE THERAPY.

+, † Two spe cial sym bols ap pear in the main en tries for some The sau rus terms. If there are more spe cific terms forei ther a Nar rower Term or a Re lated Term, the ex is tence of those terms is in di cated by a plus (+). By turn ing to thepoint in the The sau rus where the NT or RT ap pears as an en try term, the user can dis cover what they are. The plussign thus as sists the user who wishes to fol low a hi er ar chy from a broad Key word to a highly specific one:

MIS CON DUCTRT Con flict of in ter est+

De cep tionMal prac tice+Moral com plic ity

Ret ro spec tive moral judg mentWhistle blow ing

RET RO SPEC TIVE MORAL JUDG MENTRT Mis con duct+

Mo ral ity

The re main ing sym bol, the dagger (†), in di cates that a phrase is rep re sented in the Bioethics The sau rus by twoterms rather than by one term:

HOS PI TALSUF Hos pi tal pol i cies†

Hos pi tal Pol i ciesUse IN STI TU TIONAL POL I CIES and

HOS PI TALS

The con trolled vo cab u lary of the Bioethics The sau rus is sup ple mented by Keywords that are proper nouns, in clud ing thenames of per sons, cor po rate bod ies, laws, court de ci sions, and places (geo graphic names cor re spond to MeSH geographics).These non-The sau rus Keywords are also searched with the qualifier (KW).

Ap pen dix A shows what a sam ple BIOETHICSLINE re cord looks like, and briefly de scribes how dif fer ent types ofKeywords (KW) are searched and printed.

Ap pen dix B pro vides a se lected list of “ma jor is sue” The sau rus Keywords which rep re sent im por tant bioethical is sues andare fre quently used to in dex ci ta tions in the BIOETHICSLINE da ta base. Terms on the se lected list should be checked in themain part of the The sau rus to as cer tain their cor rect us age and to iden tify Broader, Nar rower, and Related Terms.

There are now nine pri mary, and 23 sec ond ary, search able Pub li ca tion Types (PT) in BIOETHICSLINE. These are listed,with an no ta tions, in Ap pen dix C.

As an ad di tional sub ject ac cess fea ture, BIOETHICSLINE re cords in put since De cem ber 1982 in clude Sub ject Cap tions(SC), which rep re sent very broad sub ject ar eas or types of ap proach to the study of bioethical is sues. Ap pen dix D pro vides alist of these Subject Captions.

Fi nally, Ap pen dix E sug gests ap proaches to de vis ing a Key word-based search strat egy for re triev ing top ics of in ter est inBIOETHICSLINE.

For search ers of the MED LARS sys tem us ing ELHILL, in struc tions for search ing BIOETHICSLINE are pro vided in theBioethics chap ter of the Na tional Li brary of Med i cine’s On line Ser vices Ref er ence Man ual, which is on the Web athttp://www.nlm.nih.gov (un der More Pub li ca tions). ELHILL search ers may also wish to con sult Search ingBIOETHICSLINE: A Ba sic Man ual for the Nov ice Searcher, which is avail able from the Bioethics In for ma tion Re trieval Pro -ject, Ken nedy In sti tute of Eth ics, Georgetown Uni ver sity, Box 571212, Wash ing ton, DC 20057-1212, tele phone: (202)687-3885, or (800) MED-ETHX (in the U.S. and Can ada). Ques tions about search strat e gies may be ad dressed to Tamar JoyKahn, Cecily Orr, Fran ces A. Abramson, or Hannelore Ninomiya at the above numbers.

Internet Grate ful Med search ers will find a struc tured search screen with in for ma tion tai lored to BIOETHICSLINE on line.There is a Searcher’s Guide on the Web page of the Na tional Ref er ence Cen ter for Bioethics Lit er a ture (Web ad dress:http://bioethics.georgetown.edu). An ar ti cle with ad di tional in for ma tion can be found in the No vem ber-De cem ber 1998 is sue of the NLM Tech ni cal Bul le tin at http://www.nlm.nih.gov (click on More Pub li ca tions, then on NLM Technical Bulletin).

vi IN TRO DUC TION

+ = See main en try for nar rower terms † = Con sult phrase in al pha betic list ing

New Keywords, 1999

ABOR TION, IN DUCED(1974; ret ro spec tively changed from “abor tion” in

1999; MeSH map = same)SN The pur pose ful in duced ter mi na tion of a hu man

preg nancyUF Late-term abor tion†

Par tial-birth abor tion†NT Abor tion on de mand

Il le gal abor tionSe lec tive abor tionTher a peu tic abor tion

RT Aborted fe tuses

AN THRO POL OGY(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The sci ence con cerned with the or i gin, be hav ior,

and the phys i cal, so cial, and cul tural char ac ter is -tics of hu man be ings; gen er ally used for thecom par a tive study of human culture

BT So cial sci ences

AU THOR SHIP(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The source (as the au thor) of an idea or a piece

of writ ingRT Ed i to rial pol i cies

COM MODI FI CA TION(1999)SN The so cial pro cess by which some thing or some -

one co mes to be re garded and treated as an ar ti -cle of trade or com merce

BT Eco nom icsRT De hu man iza tion

Prop erty rightsRe mu ner a tion+

DI REC TIVE COUN SEL ING(1999)SN Coun sel ing dur ing which a pro fes sional plays an

ac tive role in a cli ent’s or pa tient’s de ci sion mak -ing by of fer ing ad vice, guid ance, and/or rec om -men da tions

UF Coun sel ing, di rec tiveCoun sel ing, nondirectiveNondirective coun sel ing

BT Coun sel ingRT Ge netic coun sel ing

Pa ter nal ism

DIS EASE(1999; MeSH map = same)

SN Any de vi a tion from or in ter rup tion of the nor mal struc ture or func tion of any part, or gan, or sys -tem (or com bi na tion thereof) of the body that isman i fested by a char ac ter is tic set of symp tomsand signs and whose eti ol ogy, pa thol ogy, andprog no sis may be known or unknown

RT Health+Mor bid ity

FRIENDS(1999; MeSH map = In ter per sonal re la tions)SN Per sons whom one knows, likes, and trustsRT So cial in ter ac tion

GATEKEEPING(1999)SN The con trol ling of ac cess to health ser vices, usu -

ally by pri mary care phy si cians or nurses; of tenused by man aged care pro grams to dis cour ageuse of ex pen sive ser vices and referrals

RT In cen tives Man aged care pro grams+ Re fer ral and con sul ta tion+ Re source al lo ca tion

HU MAN BODY(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The or ga nized phys i cal sub stance of a hu man be -

ing; used for philo soph i cal, theo log i cal, med i cal, or le gal ap proaches to the body or for so cial at ti -tudes toward the body

NT Body parts and flu ids+ Ca dav ers

IN STI TU TIONAL ETH ICS(1975; ret ro spec tively changed “in sti tu tional obliga-

tions” in 1999; MeSH map = Eth ics, in sti tu tional)

SN Moral prin ci ples that ap ply to cor po rate en ti tiessuch as in sti tu tions or or ga ni za tions

UF Eth ics, in sti tu tionalEth ics, or ga ni za tionalIn sti tu tional ob li ga tions

Or ga ni za tional eth icsBT Eth icsRT In sti tu tional pol i cies

LAB O RA TO RIES(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Fa cil i ties equipped to carry out in ves ti ga tive pro -

ce duresUF Clin i cal lab o ra to riesBT Health fa cil i tiesRT Bio med i cal re search+ Di ag no sis+

NEW KEYWORDS vii

SN = Scope Note UF= Used For BT= Broader Term NT = Nar rower Term RT= Re lated Term

ME DI A TION(1999)SN In ter ven tion be tween con flict ing par ties to pro -

mote un der stand ing, rec on cil i a tion, set tle ment,or compromise

UF Con flict res o lu tionRT De ci sion mak ing+ Dis sent

MOD ELS, THE O RET I CAL(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Rep re sen ta tions of the be hav ior, ac tiv ity, or

char ac ter is tics of sys tems, pro cesses, orphenomena

PA TIENT SAT IS FAC TION(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The de gree to which the in di vid ual re gards the

health care ser vice or prod uct or the man ner inwhich it is de liv ered by the pro vider as use ful,ef fec tive, or beneficial

RT At ti tudes+

POST HU MOUS RE PRO DUC TION(1999)SN Giv ing rise to off spring af ter one’s death, that is,

from ga metes that have been col lected and stored dur ing life or im me di ately af ter death

BT Re pro duc tionRe pro duc tive tech nol o gies

RT Death+

PRAC TICE GUIDE LINES(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Di rec tions or prin ci ples, de vel oped by con sen sus

of ex perts, pre sent ing cur rent or fu ture rules ofpol icy for the health care prac ti tio ner to as sist inpa tient care de ci sions re gard ing di ag no sis, ther -apy, or re lated clinical circumstances

BT Guide linesRT Pa tient care+

PRI VATE SEC TOR(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The part of the in sti tu tional, in dus trial, or eco -

nomic struc ture of a coun try that is con trolled orowned by nongovernmental in ter ests

RT Eco nom ics+In dus try

PUB LIC SEC TOR(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The part of a na tion’s econ omy that is tax-sup -

ported and un der gov ern ment con trolRT Eco nom ics+

REG IS TRIES(1999; MeSH map = same)SN A col lec tion of of fi cial re cords, e.g., of the

names of or gan or tis sue do nors or of pa tientswith a par tic u lar dis ease or who have un der gonea par tic u lar treatment

BT Data banksRe cords

RT Ep i de mi ol ogyPub lic health+

STEM CELLS(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Rel a tively un dif fer en ti ated cells that have the

abil ity to give rise to more dif fer en ti ated or spe -cial ized cells

BT Body parts and flu idsRT Blood do na tion

viii NEW KEYWORDS

+ = See main en try for nar rower terms

ANNOTATED ALPHABETIC LIST OF KEYWORDS

ABORTED FE TUSES(1974; MeSH map = Fe tus)BT Fe tusesRT Abor tion, in duced+

ABOR TION, IN DUCED(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The pur pose ful in duced ter mi na tion of a hu man

preg nancyUF Late-term abor tion†

Par tial-birth abor tion†NT Abor tion on de mand

Il le gal abor tionSe lec tive abor tionTher a peu tic abor tion

RT Aborted fe tuses

ABOR TION ON DE MAND(1974; MeSH map = Abor tion, le gal)SN Readily avail able le gal ized abor tion, in clud ing

abor tion for per sonal or so cial reasonsBT Abor tion, in duced

Ac cess to Health CareUse HEALTH CARE DE LIV ERY

AC COUNT ABIL ITY(1990; MeSH map = So cial re spon si bil ity)SN Re spon si bil ity for ex plain ing or jus ti fy ing one’s

con duct to the pub lic or to one’s superiorsUF Re spon si bil i tiesRT Ob li ga tions to so ci ety

Ac quired Im mu no de fi ciency Syn dromeUse AIDS

AC TIVE EU THA NA SIA(1974; MeSH map = Eu tha na sia)SN The act or prac tice of pain lessly kill ing, for rea -

sons of mercy, pa tients who are suf fer ing or areaf flicted with in cur able dis eases or con di tions

BT Eu tha na siaNT In vol un tary eu tha na sia

Vol un tary eu tha na siaRT Al low ing to die+

As sisted sui cide

AD MIN IS TRA TORS(1978; MeSH map = Ad min is tra tive per son nel)UF Man ag ersRT Health per son nel+

Or ga ni za tion and ad min is tra tion

AD O LES CENTS(1974; MeSH map = Ad o les cence)

SN Age des ig na tion for hu mans 13-18 years oldBT Mi norsRT Chil dren+

ADOP TION(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Par ent child re la tion ship

Adult-On set Dis or dersUse LATE-ON SET DIS OR DERS

ADULTS(1974; MeSH map = Adult)SN Age des ig na tion for hu mans 19-64 years oldRT Age fac tors

Aged

AD VANCE CARE PLAN NING(1998)SN Dis cus sions with pa tients and/or their rep re sen -

ta tives about the goals and di rec tion of theirhealth care, usu ally con cern ing end-of-life care

BT Pa tient careNT Ad vance di rec tives+RT Ter mi nal care

AD VANCE DI REC TIVES(1986; MeSH map = same)SN Dec la ra tions by pa tients, made in ad vance of a

sit u a tion in which they may be in com pe tent orun able to de cide about their own care, stat ingtheir treat ment pref er ences or au tho riz ing athird party to make decisions for them

UF Du ra ble power of at tor neyBT Ad vance care plan ningNT Liv ing wills

Psy chi at ric willsRT Do nor cards

Forms+Right to dieThird party con sent+

AD VER TIS ING(1982; MeSH map = same)

AD VI SORY COM MIT TEES(1981; was ETH ICS COM MIT TEES or RE VIEW

COM MIT TEES, 1974-80; MeSH map = Pub licpol icy)

SN Com mit tees or com mis sions set up to ad visegov ern men tal bod ies on pub lic policy

RT Com mit tee mem ber shipEth ics com mit tees+Re view com mit tees

AN NO TATED AL PHA BETIC LIST OF KEYWORDS 1

SN = Scope Note UF = Used For BT = Broader Term NT = Nar rower Term RT = Re lated Term

Af ri can Amer i cansUse BLACKS

AGE FAC TORS(1974; ret ro spec tive change from Age in 1997;

MeSH map = same)SN Used when age is dis cussed as an is sue in health

care or bio med i cal re searchRT Aged

AdultsMi nors+

AGED(1974; MeSH map = same)

SN Age des ig na tion for hu mans 65 years or olderUF El derly per sons

Homes for the aged†Se nile de men tia†

RT AdultsAge fac torsLong-term careVul ner a ble pop u la tions

AG GRES SION(1974; MeSH map = same)

SN Feel ings of hos til ity or overt hos tile ac tionwhich harms, or is in tended to harm, a per son or ob ject

RT Vi o lence+

AIDS(1983; MeSH map = Ac quired im mu no de fi ciency

syn drome)UF Ac quired im mu no de fi ciency syn dromeBT Sex u ally trans mit ted dis easesRT AIDS serodiagnosis

Com mu ni ca ble dis eases+HIV seropositivityIat ro genic dis easeOc cu pa tional ex po sure

AIDS SERODIAGNOSIS(1991; MeSH map = same)SN Im mu no logic tests for the iden ti fi ca tion of HIV

an ti bod ies; in cludes as says for HIVseropositivity and seronegativity which havebeen de vel oped for de tect ing per sons car ry ingthe viral antibody

UF HIV serodiagnosisBT Di ag no sisRT AIDS

Anon y mous test ingHIV seropositivityMan da tory test ingMass screen ing

AL CO HOL ABUSE(1976; MeSH map = Al co hol ism)SN The over use of al co hol to the ex tent of ha bit u a -

tion, de pend ence, or ad dic tion

BT So cial prob lemsRT Drug abuse

Self in duced ill nessSmok ing

ALIENS(1987; MeSH map = Em i gra tion and im mi gra tion)UF For eign ersRT In ter na tional as pects

So cio eco nomic fac tors

AL LIED HEALTH PER SON NEL(1995; was HEALTH PER SON NEL, 1974-1994;

MeSH map = same)SN Health care work ers spe cially trained and li -

censed to as sist and sup port the work of healthpro fes sion als

UF Para med i cal per son nelBT Health per son nel

Al lo ca tion of Re sourcesUse RE SOURCE AL LO CA TION

AL LOW ING TO DIE(1974; MeSH map = Eu tha na sia, pas sive)SN The with drawal or with hold ing of life-pro long -

ing treat mentUF Pas sive eu tha na siaNT Re sus ci ta tion or dersRT Ac tive eu tha na sia+

Eu tha na sia+Fu til ityPro lon ga tion of life+Right to dieSe lec tion for treat ment+Ter mi nal careWith hold ing treat ment

Al pha-Fetoprotein Screen ingUse PRE NA TAL DI AG NO SIS

AL TER NA TIVE THER A PIES(1986; MeSH map = Al ter na tive med i cine)SN Un or tho dox ther a peu tic sys tems and ther a piesUF Un con ven tional ther a piesRT Pa tient care+

AL TER NA TIVES(1975)

AL TRU ISM(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Re gard for and de vo tion to the in ter ests of oth -

ers, even to the sac ri fice of per sonal in ter estsRT Gifts

Alz hei mer Dis easeUse DE MEN TIA

2 AN NO TATED AL PHA BETIC LIST OF KEYWORDS


AMER I CAN IN DI ANS(1989; MeSH map = In di ans, North Amer i can)UF In di ans, Amer i can

Na tive Amer i cansBT Mi nor ity groups

AM NIO CEN TE SIS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN A pro ce dure in volv ing the with drawal of fluid

from the amniotic sac sur round ing a fe tus inutero; used in pre na tal di ag no sis to de tect cer -tain types of ab nor mal i ties or to de ter mine fetalsex

BT Pre na tal di ag no sisRT Cho ri onic villi sam pling

AMYOTROPHIC LAT ERAL SCLE RO SIS(1998; MeSH map = same)SN A dis ease marked by pro gres sive de gen er a tion

of the neu rons giv ing rise to the corticospinaltract and of the mo tor cells of the brain stemand spi nal cord, and re sult ing in a def i cit of up -per and lower mo tor neu rons; it is usu ally fa talwithin two or three years

UF Lou Geh rig’s dis easeMo tor neu ron dis ease

BT Cen tral ner vous sys tem dis easesRT Pa ral y sis

Phys i cally dis abled

AN CIENT HIS TORY(1976; MeSH map = His tory of med i cine, an cient)SN His tory to the fall of the west ern Ro man Em pire

in 476RT His tor i cal as pects

ANENCEPHALY(1988; MeSH map = same)SN Con gen i tal ab sence of all or a ma jor part of the

brainBT Brain pa thol ogy

Neu ral tube de fects

AN ES THE SIA(1985; MeSH map = same)

AN I MAL CARE COM MIT TEES(1986; MeSH map = An i mal wel fare)SN In sti tu tional com mit tees es tab lished to pro tect

the wel fare of an i mals used in researchBT An i mal ex per i men ta tionRT Com mit tee mem ber ship

Eth i cal re viewEth ics com mit tees+Re view com mit tees

AN I MAL EX PER I MEN TA TION(1978; MeSH map = An i mal wel fare)UF Vivi sec tionNT An i mal care com mit tees

An i mal test ing al ter na tivesRT An i mal rights

Hu man ex per i men ta tion+Pri matesSpeciesism

AN I MAL OR GANS(1984; MeSH map = An i mal)UF Xenografts†RT Body parts and flu ids+

AN I MAL RIGHTS(1992; MeSH map = same)SN The en ti tle ment of an i mals to pro tec tion from

cru elty and abuse, or to not be used solely forthe ben e fit of humans

UF An i mal rights the ory†BT RightsRT An i mal ex per i men ta tion+

Speciesism

An i mal Rights The oryUse AN I MAL RIGHTS and SPECIESISM

AN I MAL TEST ING AL TER NA TIVES(1986; MeSH map = same)SN Pro ce dures, such as tis sue cul ture and math e -

mat i cal mod els, that are used or ad vo cated foruse in place of the use of an i mals in re search ordi ag nos tic laboratories

BT An i mal ex per i men ta tion

An i mals, Trans gen icUse TRANS GEN IC AN I MALS

ANON Y MOUS TEST ING(1991; MeSH map = Con fi den ti al ity)SN Epidemiologic test ing in which the source of the

spec i men or the per son be ing tested is not in di -vid u ally iden ti fied; of ten used in test ing for theprev a lence of a disease

RT AIDS serodiagnosisCon fi den ti al ity+Ep i de mi ol ogyGe netic screen ingMan da tory test ingMass screen ing

An te na tal Di ag no sisUse PRE NA TAL DI AG NO SIS

An te na tal In ju riesUse PRE NA TAL IN JU RIES

AN THRO POL OGY(1999; MeSH map = same)



SN The sci ence con cerned with the or i gin, be hav -ior, and the phys i cal, so cial, and cul tural char ac -ter is tics of hu man be ings; gen er ally used for the com par a tive study of human culture

BT So cial sci ences

AR TI FI CIAL FEED ING(1975; MeSH map = Nu tri tional sup port)SN Feed ing other than by mouthUF Enteral feed ing

Parenteral feed ingTube feed ing

BT Nu tri tionRT Food

Force Feed ing

AR TI FI CIAL IN SEM I NA TION(1974; MeSH map = In sem i na tion, ar ti fi cial)SN Ar ti fi cial in tro duc tion of se men into the va gina

for the pur pose of in duc ing con cep tionUF In sem i na tion, ar ti fi cialBT Re pro duc tive tech nol o giesRT Se men do nors

AR TI FI CIAL OR GANS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Med i cal de vicesRT Body parts and flu ids+

ASIAN AMER I CANS(1998; MeSH map = same)SN Per sons liv ing in the United States hav ing or i -

gins in any of the orig i nal peo ples of the FarEast, South east Asia, the Pa cific Is lands, or theIn dian sub con ti nent

BT Mi nor ity groups

AS SISTED SUI CIDE(1992; was SUI CIDE, 1974-1991; ret ro spec tively

added by search al go rithm to many pre-1992SUI CIDE re cords; MeSH map = Sui cide, as -sisted)

SN Pro vi sion of in for ma tion and/or the means toenable a pa tient to take his or her own life

BT Sui cideRT Ac tive eu tha na sia+

Right to dieVol un tary eu tha na sia

Atomic En ergyUse NU CLEAR EN ERGY

Atomic War fareUse NU CLEAR WAR FARE

AT TI TUDES(1974; MeSH map = At ti tude)NT At ti tudes to death

Knowl edge, at ti tudes, prac tice

RT Pa tient sat is fac tionPub lic opin ion

AT TI TUDES TO DEATH(1974; MeSH map = At ti tude to death)SN Per sonal or cul tural re sponses to death and dy -

ingBT At ti tudesRT Death+

AU DIO VI SUAL AIDS(1976; MeSH map = same)

AU THOR SHIP(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The source (as the au thor) of an idea or a piece

of writ ingRT Ed i to rial pol i cies

AUTOEXPERIMENTATION(1998)SN In ten tion ally us ing one self as a re search sub jectUF Self ex per i men ta tionBT Hu man ex per i men ta tion

AU TON OMY(1974; MeSH map = Free dom)SN The free dom of an in di vid ual or group to make

de ci sions and to choose a pat tern of lifeUF Self de ter mi na tionNT Pro fes sional au ton omyRT Free dom

Lib er tar i an ismPrin ci ple-based eth ics

AU TOP SIES(1974; MeSH map = Au topsy)UF Post mor tem ex am i na tions

BE GIN NING OF LIFE(1974)SN The time at which hu man in di vid u al ity or

personhood is con sid ered to beginRT Personhood

BE HAV IOR CON TROL(1974; MeSH map = Be hav ior)SN Ma nip u la tion of the ac tions of a per son or group

by bio med i cal, psy cho log i cal, or so cial meansNT Op er ant con di tion ing

Phys i cal re straintPsychosurgery

RT Elec tri cal stim u la tion of the brainElectroconvulsive ther apy

BE HAV IOR DIS OR DERS(1974; MeSH map = Men tal dis or ders)NT Hyperkinesis



RT De pres sive dis or derMen tally ill

Be hav ior Mod i fi ca tionUse OP ER ANT CON DI TION ING

BE HAV IORAL GE NET ICS(1974; MeSH map = Ge net ics, be hav ioral)SN The study of the ef fects of he red ity on hu man

be hav iorBT Ge net icsRT Sociobiology

XYY karyotype

BE HAV IORAL RE SEARCH(1974; MeSH map = Re search)UF Psy cho log i cal re search

So cial re searchBT Hu man ex per i men ta tionRT Bio med i cal re search+

Health ser vices re searchIn ves ti ga torsNurs ing re searchRe search sub jectsSo cial sci ences+

BE NEF I CENCE(1974; MeSH map = Al tru ism)SN In eth i cal the ory, the pro duc tion of ben e fit or

good for oth ersUF Be nev o lence

Kind nessNonmaleficence

RT Car ingCom pas sionPrin ci ple-based eth ics

Ben e fit Harm Cal cu lusUse RISKS AND BEN E FITS

Be nev o lenceUse BE NEF I CENCE

BIOETHICAL IS SUES(1974; MeSH map = Bioethics)SN Ge neric des ig na tion for the con tent of ma te ri als

that dis cuss a se ries of bioethical topicsRT Bioethics

BIOETHICS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN A branch of ap plied eth ics that stud ies the value

im pli ca tions of prac tices and de vel op ments inthe life sci ences and medicine

BT Eth icsNT Clin i cal eth ics

Med i cal eth icsNurs ing eth ics

RT Bioethical is suesEthicistsPro fes sional eth ics+

BiohazardsUse HEALTH HAZ ARDS

Bi o log i cal Re searchUse BIO MED I CAL RE SEARCH

BI O LOG I CAL WAR FARE(1974; MeSH map = same)BT War

BI OL OGY(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Sci enceNT Ge net ics+

Mi cro bi ol ogy

BIO MED I CAL RE SEARCH(1974; MeSH map = Re search)UF Bi o log i cal re search

Med i cal re searchNT Em bryo re search

Fe tal re searchGe netic re search+

RT Be hav ioral re searchEp i de mi ol ogyHealth ser vices re searchHu man ex per i men ta tion+In ves ti ga torsLab o ra to riesNurs ing re searchSci ence+

BIO MED I CAL TECH NOL O GIES(1974)UF Tech nol o gies, bio med i calNT In ten sive care units

Med i cal de vices+Or gan trans plan ta tionRe nal di al y sisRe pro duc tive tech nol o gies+

RT Health care+

Birth Con trolUse CON TRA CEP TION

Birth De fectsUse CON GEN I TAL DIS OR DERS

Birth WeightUse LOW BIRTH WEIGHT



BLACKS(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Af ri can Amer i cans

Ne groesBT Mi nor ity groups

BLOOD BANKS(1998; MeSH map = same)SN Cen ters for col lect ing, char ac ter iz ing, and stor -

ing hu man bloodBT Tis sue banksRT Blood do na tion

Blood trans fu sions

BLOOD DO NA TION(1974; MeSH map = Blood do nors)BT Tis sue do na tionRT Blood banks

Di rected do na tionOr gan do na tionStem cells

Blood Pres sure, HighUse HY PER TEN SION

BLOOD SPEC I MEN COL LEC TION(1975; MeSH map = same)UF Venipuncture

BLOOD TRANS FU SIONS(1974; MeSH map = Blood trans fu sion)UF Trans fu sions, bloodRT Blood banks

BODY PARTS AND FLU IDS(1978)BT Hu man bodyNT Bone mar row

BrainHeartsKid neysLiv ersStem cells

RT An i mal or gansAr ti fi cial or gansGe netic ma te ri als+

BONE MAR ROW(1976; MeSH map = same)BT Body parts and flu ids

BRAIN(1975; MeSH map = same)BT Body parts and flu idsRT Brain death

BRAIN DEATH(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Death as de ter mined by ir re vers ible de struc tion

of the brain tis sue, gen er ally man i fested by to tal ces sa tion of brain func tion; some times equatedwith ce re bral or neocortical death

UF Ce re bral deathNeomorts

BT DeathRT Brain

Car diac deathPer sis tent veg e ta tive state

BRAIN PA THOL OGY(1974; MeSH map = Brain in ju ries)SN Acute or chronic brain dam age or dys func tionBT Cen tral ner vous sys tem dis easesNT Anencephaly

De men tia

BREAST CAN CER(1995; was CAN CER and FE MALES, 1974-1994;

MeSH map = Breast neoplasms)UF Can cer, breast

Neoplasms, breastBT Can cer

BUD DHIST ETH ICS(1993; MeSH map = Bud dhism)BT Re li gious eth ics

BURNS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT In ju ries

Ca daver Or gan Do na tionUse OR GAN DO NA TION

and CA DAV ERS

CA DAV ERS(1974; MeSH map = Ca daver)UF Ca daver or gan do na tion†BT Hu man bodyRT Death+

CAN CER(1974; MeSH map = Neoplasms)UF NeoplasmsNT Breast can cer

Leu ke mia

Can cer, BreastUse BREAST CAN CER

CAP I TAL PUN ISH MENT(1975; MeSH map = same)UF Death pen alty



BT Kill ingRT Law en force ment

CAP I TAL ISM(1978; MeSH map = Po lit i cal sys tems)BT Po lit i cal sys tems

CAR DIAC DEATH(1996; MeSH map =Death)SN Death as de ter mined by ir re vers ible ces sa tion of

cardiopulmonary func tionBT DeathRT Brain death

Hearts

CAR ING(1992; MeSH map = Em pa thy)SN Dem on strat ing an aware ness of and a con cern

for the good of oth ers; re spond ing with em pa thy and com pas sion to the needs of patients

RT Be nef i cenceCom pas sionEmo tions+Em pa thyFem i nist eth icsLoveMoral de vel op mentPa tient care+Pro fes sional pa tient re la tion ship+Vir tues

CAR RI ERS(1974; MeSH map = Heterozygote)SN In di vid u als pos sess ing a spec i fied gene who are

ca pa ble of trans mit ting it to off spring but not ofshow ing its typ i cal expression

RT Ge netic dis or ders+

Case Man age mentUse Man aged care pro grams

CASE STUD IES(1974; MeSH map = Case re port)RT Ca su istry

Nar ra tive eth ics

CA SU ISTRY(1991; MeSH map = Eth ics)SN A method of eth i cal anal y sis that em pha sizes

prac ti cal prob lem-solv ing through ex am in ingin di vid ual cases that are con sid ered to berepresentative

BT Eth i cal anal y sisRT Case stud ies

Cath o lic Church Teach ingsUse RO MAN CATH O LIC ETH ICS

Cath o lic Hos pi talsUse RE LI GIOUS HOS PI TALS and

RO MAN CATH O LIC ETH ICS

Cath o lics, Ro manUse RO MAN CATH O LICS

Cau ca siansUse WHITES

Ce leb ri tiesUse FA MOUS PER SONS

CEN TRAL NER VOUS SYS TEM DIS EASES(1975; MeSH map = same)NT Amyotrophic lat eral scle ro sis

Brain pa thol ogy+Ep i lepsy

Ce re bral DeathUse BRAIN DEATH

CE SAR EAN SEC TION(1988; MeSH map = same)SN Ex trac tion of the fe tus by means of sur gi cal

in ci sion of the ab do men and uterusBT Child birth

Sur gery

Char ac ter TraitsUse VIR TUES

Chi ca nosUse HIS PANIC AMER I CANS

CHILD ABUSE(1983; MeSH map = same)UF Child ne glectBT So cial prob lemsRT Do mes tic vi o lence

Child Ne glectUse CHILD ABUSE

CHILD BIRTH(1979; MeSH map = La bor)RT Re pro duc tion+NT Ce sar ean sec tion

CHIL DREN(1974; MeSH map = Child)SN Age des ig na tion for hu mans 2-12 years oldBT Mi norsNT Un wanted chil drenRT Ad o les cents



In fantsNew borns

Chi me rasUse HY BRIDS

CHO RI ONIC VILLI SAM PLING(1986; MeSH map = same)SN An ob stet ric tech nique that per mits the early di -

ag no sis of ge netic dis ease in the fe tus by ge -netic tests, karyotyping, or bio chem i cal assay

BT Pre na tal di ag no sisRT Am nio cen te sis

CHRIS TIAN ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Chris tian ity)BT Re li gious eth icsNT East ern Or tho dox eth ics

Protestant eth icsRo man Cath o lic eth ics

CHRIS TIAN SCI EN TISTS(1984; MeSH map = Chris tian Sci ence)RT Re li gion

CHRO MO SOME AB NOR MAL I TIES(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Con gen i tal dis or ders

Ge netic dis or dersNT Down syn drome

XYY karyotype

CHRON I CALLY ILL(1974; MeSH map = Chronic dis ease)BT Pa tientsRT Crit i cally ill

Dis abled+Long-term careRe ha bil i ta tionTer mi nally ill

CIR CUM CI SION(1998; MeSH map = same)SN Re moval of the pre puce of a male, or of the cli -

to ris, pre puce, or la bia of a fe maleUF Fe male cir cum ci sion†

Male cir cum ci sion†RT Sur gery

City Gov ern mentUse MU NIC I PAL GOV ERN MENT

Civil Com mit mentUse IN VOL UN TARY COM MIT MENT

Civil Dis obe di enceUse DIS SENT

Civil RightsUse LE GAL RIGHTS

CLERGY(1976; MeSH map = same)RT Pas to ral care

Re li gion

CLIN I CAL ETH ICS(1992; MeSH map = Eth ics, med i cal)SN The iden ti fi ca tion, anal y sis, and res o lu tion of

moral prob lems that arise in the care of in di vid -ual patients

UF Eth ics, clin i calBT BioethicsRT Clin i cal eth ics com mit tees

EthicistsPro fes sional eth ics+

CLIN I CAL ETH ICS COM MIT TEES(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics com mit tees)SN In sti tu tional com mit tees es tab lished to pro tect

the wel fare of pa tientsUF Hos pi tal eth ics com mit teesBT Eth ics com mit teesRT Clin i cal eth ics

EthicistsEth ics con sul ta tionRe gional eth ics com mit teesRe search eth ics com mit tees

Clin i cal In ves ti ga torsUse IN VES TI GA TORS

Clin i cal Lab o ra to riesUse Lab o ra to ries

Clin i cal Re searchUse HU MAN EX PER I MEN TA TION

Clin i cal Tri alsUse HU MAN EX PER I MEN TA TION

CLON ING(1974; MeSH map = Clon ing, mo lec u lar)SN Asex ual sin gle-par ent re pro duc tion, in which

off spring have the same ge netic blue print as theparent

BT Re pro duc tive tech nol o giesRT Ge netic in ter ven tion+

CODES OF ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics, pro fes sional)SN Sys tems of prin ci ples or rules of eth i cal pro fes -

sional con duct, usu ally es tab lished by pro fes -sional societies

UF Eth i cal codesBT Guide lines



RT Pro fes sional eth ics+

CO ER CION(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Force feed ing

Man da tory pro grams+Vol un tary pro grams

ComaUse PER SIS TENT VEG E TA TIVE STATE

Com mit ment, Du ra tion ofUse DU RA TION OF COM MIT MENT

Com mit ment, In vol un taryUse IN VOL UN TARY COM MIT MENT

COM MIT TEE MEM BER SHIP(1996; MeSH map = Or ga ni za tion and

ad min is tra tion)BT Or ga ni za tion and ad min is tra tionRT Ad vi sory com mit tees

An i mal care com mit teesEth ics com mit tees+Re view com mit tees

COM MODI FI CA TION(1999)SN The so cial pro cess by which some thing or

some one co mes to be re garded and treated as an ar ti cle of trade or com merce

BT Eco nom icsRT De hu man iza tion

Prop erty rightsRe mu ner a tion+

COM MON GOOD(1975; MeSH map = So cial wel fare)UF Gen eral wel fare

So cial goodRT Communitarianism

COM MU NI CA BLE DIS EASES(1975; MeSH map = same)NT In flu enza

Po lio my eli tisRu bellaSex u ally trans mit ted dis eases+Whoop ing cough

RT AIDSCon tact trac ingHep a ti tisHIV seropositivityMan da tory re port ingOc cu pa tional ex po surePub lic health+Quar an tine

COM MU NI CA TION(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The ex change or trans mis sion of ideas be tween

in di vid u als or groupsNT In for ma tion dis sem i na tion+

In ter dis ci plin ary com mu ni ca tionPriv i leged com mu ni ca tion

RT Ed i to rial pol i ciesMass me diaSo cial in ter ac tionTer mi nol ogy

COM MU NISM(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Marx ismBT Po lit i cal sys tems

COMMUNITARIANISM(1996; was COM MON GOOD, 1975-1995; MeSH

map = So cial wel fare)SN A move ment in so cial thought that em pha sizes

the re spon si bil i ties of the in di vid ual within thelarger community

RT Com mon goodEth ics+Lib er tar i an ismOb li ga tions to so ci etyPhi los o phy

Com mu nity Par tic i pa tionUse PUB LIC PAR TIC I PA TION

COM MU NITY SER VICES(1976; MeSH map = So cial wel fare)SN Health care and re lated sup port ser vices which

are based in the lo cal com mu nityRT Health care+

Health fa cil i ties+

COM PAR A TIVE STUD IES(1995; MeSH map = Com par a tive study)SN In di cates that the doc u ment com pares the at ti -

tudes, laws, pol i cies, prac tices, etc. of dif fer entgroups or places

COM PAS SION(1994; MeSH map = Em pa thy)SN The emo tion as so ci ated with shar ing the suf fer -

ing of an other to gether with the de sire to giveaid

BT Emo tionsRT Be nef i cence

Car ingEm pa thyVir tues

COM PEN SA TION(1974; MeSH map = Eco nom ics)SN Pay ment, or other res ti tu tion, for in jury



BT Eco nom icsRT Re mu ner a tion+

COM PE TENCE(1974; MeSH map = Men tal com pe tency)SN Men tal ca pac ity to make re spon si ble choicesUF In com pe tence, men tal

Men tal com pe tenceRT In formed con sent+

Treat ment re fusal

COM PRE HEN SION(1978; MeSH map = Cog ni tion)SN Un der stand ing by a pa tient or re search sub ject

of in for ma tion dis closed orally or in writingRT Re call

COM PUTER COM MU NI CA TION NET WORKS(1998; MeSH map = same)SN Com puter-based sys tems for trans mit ting and/or

re ceiv ing in for ma tionBT Com put ers

In for ma tion dis sem i na tion

COM PUT ERS(1989; was DATA BANKS; MeSH map = same)NT Com puter com mu ni ca tion net worksRT Data banks+

In for ma tion dis sem i na tion+Re cords+

CON FI DEN TI AL ITY(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The pri vacy of in for ma tion and its pro tec tion

against un au tho rized dis clo sureBT Pa tients’ rightsNT Con tact trac ingRT Anon y mous test ing

Dis clo sure+Duty to warnGe netic in for ma tionMan da tory re port ingPa tient ac cess to re cordsPri vacyPriv i leged com mu ni ca tion

CON FLICT OF IN TER EST(1978; MeSH map = same)NT Phy si cian self-re fer ralRT Eco nom ics+

En tre pre neur shipIn cen tivesMis con duct+Pro pri etary health fa cil i ties+

Con flict Res o lu tionUse ME DI A TION

Con gen i tal De fectsUse CON GEN I TAL DIS OR DERS

CON GEN I TAL DIS OR DERS(1974; MeSH map = Neo na tal dis eases and

ab nor mal i ties)SN Dis or ders which are pres ent at birth, re gard less

of their cau sa tionUF Birth de fects

Con gen i tal de fectsNT Chro mo some ab nor mal i ties+

Neu ral tube de fects+RT Ge netic dis or ders+

CON SCIENCE(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Moral com plic ity

Moral de vel op ment

CON SEN SUS(1992; MeSH map = De ci sion mak ing)SN Gen eral agree ment or col lec tive opin ion; the

judg ment ar rived at by most of those con cerned. Con sen sus may sig nify a con tin uum of agree -ment that ranges from the ex plicit and ac tive,such as tak ing a vote, to the im plicit and pas -sive, such as the si lence that in di catesacquiescence

UF Con sen sus de vel op ment con fer encesBT De ci sion mak ingRT Dis sent

Pub lic opin ion

Con sen sus De vel op ment Con fer encesUse CON SEN SUS

Con sentUse IN FORMED CON SENT

CON SENT FORMS(1978; MeSH map = In formed con sent)BT FormsRT In formed con sent+

ConsequentialismUse TE LE O LOG I CAL ETH ICS

CON STI TU TIONAL AMEND MENTS(1974; MeSH map = Leg is la tion)BT Leg is la tion

CON STI TU TIONAL LAW(1974; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)BT Law

Con sul ta tionUse RE FER RAL AND CON SUL TA TION



Con sumer Par tic i pa tionUse PUB LIC PAR TIC I PA TION

CON TACT TRAC ING(1989; was CON FI DEN TI AL ITY, 1974-88; MeSH

map = same)SN A pub lic health prac tice of iden ti fy ing per sons

who have been ex posed to a com mu ni ca ble dis -ease through per son-to-per son con tact; in cludes, for ex am ple, iden ti fi ca tion of the sex ual part -ners of per sons in fected with the hu manimmunodeficiency virus

UF Part ner no ti fi ca tionBT Con fi den ti al ityRT Com mu ni ca ble dis eases+

Man da tory re port ingPub lic health+Sex u ally trans mit ted dis eases+

CON TAIN MENT(1977; MeSH map = Con tain ment of biohazards)SN The use of bi o log i cal or phys i cal means to min i -

mize or pre vent the dis sem i na tion of bi o log i -cally ac tive agents which may be hazardous

RT Re com bi nant DNA re search

CON TIN U ING ED U CA TION(1998; map = Ed u ca tion, con tin u ing)SN Ed u ca tional pro grams that do not lead to any

for mal ad vanced stand ingBT Ed u ca tion

CON TRA CEP TION(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Birth con trolBT Fam ily plan ningRT Ster il iza tion (sex ual)

CON TRACTS(1976)RT Cov e nant

Law+

CON TROL GROUPS(1974; MeSH map = Re search de sign)SN Groups that serve as a check or stan dard of

com par i son in ex per i men tal stud iesRT Re search sub jects

Se lec tion of sub jects

COS METIC SUR GERY(1990; MeSH map = Sur gery, plas tic)SN Plas tic sur gery for im prov ing the out ward ap -

pear ance of parts of the bodyUF Plas tic sur geryBT Sur gery

COSTS AND BEN E FITS(1974; MeSH map = Cost-ben e fit anal y sis)

BT Eco nom icsRT Risks and ben e fits

So cio eco nomic fac tors

COUN SEL ING(1974; MeSH map = same)NT Di rec tive coun sel ing

Ge netic coun sel ingRT Pas to ral care

Pa tient ed u ca tionPsy cho ther apy

Coun sel ing, Di rec tiveUse DI REC TIVE COUN SEL ING

Coun sel ing, NondirectiveUse DI REC TIVE COUN SEL ING

COV E NANT(1994)SN A bind ing, en dur ing re la tion ship char ac ter ized

by mu tual fi del ity and trustRT Con tracts

Pro fes sional pa tient re la tion ship+Trust

Crim i nal Abor tionUse IL LE GAL ABOR TION

CRIM I NAL LAW(1974; MeSH map = same)BT LawRT Law en force ment

Le gal li a bil ity+

CRIT I CALLY ILL(1977; MeSH map = Crit i cal ill ness)BT Pa tientsRT Chron i cally ill

Emer gency careIn ten sive care unitsTer mi nally ill

Cryon ic Sus pen sionUse CRYO PRE SER VA TION

and LIFE EX TEN SION

CRYO PRE SER VA TION(1980; MeSH map = same)SN Pres er va tion of cells, tis sues, or gans, or em -

bryos by freez ingUF Cryon ic sus pen sion†

Freez ingRT Em bryo dis po si tion

CUL TURAL PLU RAL ISM(1974; MeSH map = So cial val ues)



SN The pres ence of mul ti ple value sys tems withinor among so ci et ies

UF Plu ral ism, cul turalRT Eth i cal rel a tiv ism

Sec u lar ism

CUR RIC U LUM(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Ed u ca tion+

Teach ing meth ods

CYS TIC FI BRO SIS(1981; MeSH map = same)BT Ge netic dis or ders

DAN GER OUS NESS(1975; MeSH map = Dan ger ous be hav ior)SN In law, the state of be ing likely to cause harm to

one self or to oth ersRT Duty to warn

Vi o lence+

DATA BANKS(1974; MeSH map = Da ta bases, fac tual)SN Col lec tions of med i cal, ge netic, or other re cordsNT DNA data banks

Reg is triesRT Com put ers+

Re cords+

DEATH(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The con cept of death; or, the pro cess of dy ingNT Brain death

Car diac deathRT At ti tudes to death

Ca dav ersDe ter mi na tion of deathPost hu mous re pro duc tionTer mi nal care

Death Pen altyUse CAP I TAL PUN ISH MENT

Death RateUse MOR TAL ITY

Death, De ter mi na tion ofUse DE TER MI NA TION OF DEATH

DE CEP TION(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Writ ten or oral com mu ni ca tion to oth ers of what

one knows to be un true or con trary to factRT Mis con duct+

DE CI SION ANAL Y SIS(1989; was DE CI SION MAK ING, 1974-88; MeSH

map = De ci sion sup port tech niques)SN A strat egy for de ci sion mak ing in which man -

age ment al ter na tives are made ex plicit, e.g., byuse of de ci sion trees or math e mat i cal or sta tis ti -cal pro ce dures as aids

UF Quan ti ta tive de ci sion mak ingBT De ci sion mak ing

DE CI SION MAK ING(1974; MeSH map = same)NT Con sen sus

De ci sion anal y sisRT Me di a tion

Un cer tainty

Def i ni tion of HealthUse HEALTH

DE HU MAN IZA TION(1974)RT Com modi fi ca tion

DEINSTITUTIONALIZED PER SONS(1975; MeSH map = Deinstitutionalization)SN Per sons who have been re leased from men tal in -

sti tu tionsRT In sti tu tion al ized per sons+

DE MEN TIA(1984; MeSH map = same)UF Alz hei mer dis ease

Se nile de men tia†BT Brain pa thol ogyRT Men tally dis abled+

DE MOC RACY(1978; MeSH map = same)BT Po lit i cal sys tems

DEN TISTRY(1977; MeSH map = same)RT Health per son nel+

Pa tient care+

DEONTOLOGICAL ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)SN The o ries of eth ics which hold that some ac tions

are mor ally oblig a tory re gard less of their ac tualor an tic i pated con se quences

BT Eth i cal the ory

DE PRES SIVE DIS OR DER(1992; MeSH map = same)SN An af fec tive dis or der man i fested by ei ther a

dysphoric mood or loss of in ter est or plea sure in usual ac tiv i ties



RT Be hav ior dis or ders+Men tally illSchizo phre nia

DE TER MI NA TION OF DEATH(1974; MeSH map = Death)SN Use of cardiorespiratory and/or neu ro log i cal

cri te ria to es tab lish whether death has oc curredUF Death, de ter mi na tion ofRT Death+

DE VEL OP ING COUN TRIES(1974; MeSH map = same)RT In ter na tional as pects

DI A BE TES(1978; MeSH map = Di a be tes mellitus)RT In su lin

DI AG NO SIS(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Di ag no sis re lated groups†NT AIDS serodiagnosis

Pre na tal di ag no sis+Psy chi at ric di ag no sis

RT Lab o ra to riesRa di ol ogyUn cer tainty

Di ag no sis Re lated GroupsUse DI AG NO SIS and

RE MU NER A TION

DI RECTED DO NA TION(1990; MeSH map = Tis sue do nors)SN Tis sue or or gan do na tion in tended for the ben e -

fit of a des ig nated re cip i entRT Blood do na tion

Or gan do na tionTis sue do na tion

DI REC TIVE COUN SEL ING(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Coun sel ing dur ing which a pro fes sional plays

an ac tive role in a cli ent’s or pa tient’s de ci sionmak ing by of fer ing ad vice, guid ance, and/orrec om men da tions

UF Coun sel ing, di rec tiveCoun sel ing, nondirectiveNondirective coun sel ing

BT Coun sel ingRT Ge netic coun sel ing

Pa ter nal ism

DIS ABLED(1974; MeSH map = Dis abled per sons)UF Hand i cappedNT Men tally dis abled+

Phys i cally dis abledRT Chron i cally ill

Long-term careRe ha bil i ta tionVul ner a ble pop u la tions

DIS AD VAN TAGED(1974; MeSH map = So cio eco nomic fac tors)SN Per sons lack ing the ba sic re sources or con di -

tions be lieved to be nec es sary for an ad e quatestan dard of living

UF Home less per sonsNT IndigentsRT Mi nor ity groups+

So cio eco nomic fac torsVul ner a ble pop u la tions

DIS CLO SURE(1974; MeSH map = Truth dis clo sure)SN Rev e la tion of in for ma tion, such as the risks and

ben e fits or eco nomic im pli ca tions of clin i cal orex per i men tal pro ce dures, to help pa tients or re -search sub jects make in formed de ci sions; or,rev e la tion of confidential information

NT Man da tory re port ingPa ren tal no ti fi ca tionSpousal no ti fi ca tionTruth dis clo sureWhistle blow ing

RT Con fi den ti al ity+In for ma tion dis sem i na tion+In formed con sent+

Dis crim i na tionUse SO CIAL DIS CRIM I NA TION

DIS EASE(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Any de vi a tion from or in ter rup tion of the nor -

mal struc ture or func tion of any part, or gan, orsys tem (or com bi na tion thereof) of the body that is man i fested by a char ac ter is tic set of symp -toms and signs and whose eti ol ogy, pa thol ogy,and prog no sis may be known or unknown

RT Health+Mor bid ity

DIS SENT(1974; MeSH map = Pol i tics)UF Civil dis obe di enceRT Con sen sus

Me di a tionPo lit i cal ac tiv ity

DNAUse GE NETIC MA TE RI ALS

DNA DATA BANKS(1994; MeSH map = Da ta bases, fac tual)



SN Col lec tions of ge netic in for ma tion that aremain tained for clin i cal, re search, or law en -force ment purposes

BT Data banksGe netic in for ma tion

RT DNA fin ger print ingGe netic screen ingTis sue banks+

DNA FIN GER PRINT ING(1991; MeSH map = same)SN A ge netic iden ti fi ca tion pro ce dure in which

band pat terns of DNA (the DNA fin ger print)from one in di vid ual or an un known in di vid ualare eval u ated for sim i lar i ties with those of aknown individual

BT Fo ren sic med i cineRT DNA data banks

Ge netic in for ma tion+Ge netic screen ing

DNA RecombinantsUse RE COM BI NANT DNA RE SEARCH

DNA SE QUENCES(1997; MeSH map = Base se quence)SN Base pairs ar ranged in lin ear or der, whether in a

stretch of DNA, a gene, a chro mo some, or anen tire ge nome

RT GenesGe netic ma te ri als+Ge netic re search+

DNR Or dersUse RE SUS CI TA TION OR DERS

Do Not Re sus ci tate Or dersUse RE SUS CI TA TION OR DERS

Doc torsUse PHY SI CIANS

DO MES TIC VI O LENCE(1998; MeSH map = same)SN De lib er ate, of ten re pet i tive, phys i cal abuse by

one fam ily mem ber (in clud ing mar i tal part ners,par ents, chil dren, sib lings, or other mem bers ofa house hold) against another

BT Vi o lenceRT Child abuse

Dom i nance, So cialUse SO CIAL DOM I NANCE

DO NOR CARDS(1974; MeSH map = Tis sue do nors)RT Ad vance di rec tives+

Forms+

DO NORS(1974; MeSH map = Tis sue do nors)UF Liv ing do norsNT Or gan do nors

Ovum do norsSe men do nors

RT Tis sue do na tion+

DOU BLE EF FECT(1974)SN In eth ics, a tech ni cal term which re fers to two

types of con se quences which may be pro ducedby a sin gle ac tion, namely, in tended con se -quences and un in tended side-effects

RT In ten tion

DOWN SYN DROME(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Mon gol ismBT Chro mo some ab nor mal i tiesRT Men tally re tarded

Drive Sat is fac tionUse MO TI VA TION

DRUG ABUSE(1974; MeSH map = Sub stance abuse)SN A pat tern of patho log i cal drug useBT So cial prob lemsRT Al co hol abuse

Smok ing

DRUG IN DUS TRY(1978; MeSH map = same)UF Phar ma ceu ti cal in dus tryBT In dus try

DRUGS(1975; MeSH map = same)NT In ves ti ga tional drugs

Psy cho ac tive drugs+RT Hor mones+

Pla ce bos

Drugs, In ves ti ga tionalUse IN VES TI GA TIONAL DRUGS

DU CHENNE MUS CU LAR DYS TRO PHY(1974; MeSH map = Mus cu lar dys tro phy)UF Dys tro phy, Du chenne mus cu larBT Ge netic dis or ders

DUE PRO CESS(1974; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)SN Le gal pro ce dures for the pro tec tion of in di vid -

ual rights in ac cor dance with es tab lished stan -dards of fair ness and justice

BT Le gal rights



Du ra ble Power of At tor neyUse AD VANCE DI REC TIVES

DU RA TION OF COM MIT MENT(1974; MeSH map = Com mit ment of men tally ill)UF Com mit ment, du ra tion ofBT In vol un tary com mit mentRT Time fac tors

DUTY TO WARN(1991; was CON FI DEN TI AL ITY and (usu ally)LE GAL OB LI GA TIONS, 1974-1990; MeSH

map = same)SN A health pro fes sional+s ob li ga tion to breach pa -

tient con fi den ti al ity to warn third par ties of thedan ger of their be ing as saulted or of con tract ing a se ri ous infection

RT Con fi den ti al ity+Dan ger ous nessMan da tory re port ing

Dy ing Pa tientsUse TER MI NALLY ILL

Dys tro phy, Du chenne Mus cu larUse DU CHENNE MUS CU LAR DYS TRO PHY

EAST ERN OR THO DOX ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Chris tian ity)BT Chris tian eth ics

ECOL OGY(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Pol lu tionRT Health haz ards

ECO NOMIC VALUE OF LIFE(1982; MeSH map = same)SN The mon e tary value of a life lost or a life savedBT Eco nom ics

Value of life

ECO NOM ICS(1974; MeSH map = same)NT Commmodification

Com pen sa tionCosts and ben e fitsEco nomic value of lifeEn tre pre neur shipFi nan cial sup port+Re mu ner a tion+

RT Con flict of in ter est+Health care re formPri vate sec torPro pri etary health fa cil i ties+Pub lic sec torRe source al lo ca tionSo cio eco nomic fac tors

ED I TO RIAL POL I CIES(1974; MeSH map = Pub lish ing)UF Pub li ca tion pol i ciesRT Au thor ship

Com mu ni ca tion+

ED U CA TION(1974; MeSH map = same)NT Con tin u ing ed u ca tion

Health ed u ca tion+Med i cal ed u ca tion+Nurs ing ed u ca tion

RT Cur ric u lumFac ultySchools+Stu dentsTeach ing meth ods

EggUse OVUM

Egg Do norsUse OVUM DO NORS

El derly Per sonsUse AGED

ELEC TRI CAL STIM U LA TION OF THE BRAIN(1974; MeSH map = Elec tric stim u la tion)RT Be hav ior con trol+

Psy cho ther apy

ELECTROCONVULSIVE THER APY(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Elec tro shock ther apy

Shock ther apy, elec tricRT Be hav ior con trol+

Psy cho ther apy

Elec tro shock Ther apyUse ELECTROCONVULSIVE THER APY

EM BRYO DIS PO SI TION(1997)SN Se lec tion of what is to be done with ex cess em -

bryos cre ated by in vi tro fer til iza tion; the em -bryos may be cryopreserved for fu ture use bythe per son(s) hav ing de ci sion-mak ing au thor ity, for trans fer to a third party, or for use in re -search, or they may be discarded

RT Cryo pre ser va tionEm bryo re searchEm bryo trans ferEm bryos

Em bryo Ex per i men ta tionUse EM BRYO RE SEARCH



EM BRYO RE SEARCH(1995; ret ro spec tively added by search al go rithm to many pre-1995 re cords; MeSH map = Re search)SN Re search on the hu man or gan ism from the time

of fer til iza tion to the end of the eighth week af -ter fer til iza tion

UF Em bryo ex per i men ta tionBT Bio med i cal re search

Hu man ex per i men ta tionRT Em bryo dis po si tion

Em bryosFe tal re searchRe search em bryo cre ation

EM BRYO TRANS FER(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Trans fer of a hu man em bryo into a uterus fol -

low ing in vi tro or in vivo fer til iza tionBT Re pro duc tive tech nol o giesRT Em bryo dis po si tion

In vi tro fer til iza tionOvum do norsSur ro gate moth ers

Em bry onic De vel op mentUse FE TAL DE VEL OP MENT

EM BRYOS(1982; MeSH map = Em bryo)SN De vel op ing hu man or gan isms from the time of

fer til iza tion to the end of the eighth week af terfer til iza tion

UF Zy gotesRT Em bryo dis po si tion

Em bryo re searchFe tuses+

EMER GENCY CARE(1974; MeSH map = Emer gency med i cal ser vices)BT Health care

Pa tient careRT Crit i cally ill

Re sus ci ta tion

Emo tion ally Dis turbedUse MEN TALLY ILL

EMO TIONS(1997; MeSH map = same)SN Those af fec tive states which can be ex pe ri enced

and have arous ing and mo ti va tional prop er tiesNT Com pas sion

LovePsy cho log i cal stress

RT At ti tudes+Car ing

EM PA THY(1998; MeSH map = same)

SN The ca pac ity to iden tify with and un der stand an -other’s sit u a tion, feel ings, and motives

RT Car ingCom pas sion

EM PIR I CAL RE SEARCH(1996; was EVAL U A TION STUD IES, 1991-1995, or

STA TIS TICS or SUR VEY, 1974-1995; MeSHmap = Re search)

SN The study, based on di rect ob ser va tion, use ofsta tis ti cal re cords, in ter views, or ex per i men talmeth ods, of ac tual prac tices or the ac tual im pact of prac tices or policies

BT Eval u a tionRT Eval u a tion stud ies

Sta tis tics+Sur vey

EM PLOY MENT(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Oc cu pa tional ex po sure

Oc cu pa tional med i cine

Enteral Feed ingUse AR TI FI CIAL FEED ING

EN TRE PRE NEUR SHIP(1993; MeSH map = same)SN In vest ment by health pro fes sion als or re search -

ers in a profit-mak ing busi ness or en ter prise re -lated to their work

BT Eco nom icsRT Con flict of in ter est+

Fi nan cial sup port+In dus try+Pro pri etary health fa cil i ties+

En vi ron men tal Haz ardsUse HEALTH HAZ ARDS

EP I DE MI OL OGY(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The study of the in ci dence, dis tri bu tion, and

con trol of dis ease in a pop u la tionRT Anon y mous test ing

Bio med i cal re search+Med i cine+Pub lic health+Reg is tries

EP I LEPSY(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Tem po ral lobe ep i lepsyBT Cen tral ner vous sys tem dis eases

EQUAL PRO TEC TION(1974; MeSH map = Civil rights)



SN The con sti tu tional guar an tee that no per sonshall be de nied the same le gal pro tec tion en -joyed by oth ers in like cir cum stances

BT Le gal rights

ETH I CAL ANAL Y SIS(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)SN The ap pli ca tion of eth i cal the ory to moral prob -

lemsBT Meth odsNT Ca su istryRT Eth i cal the ory+

Moral pol icyPol icy anal y sis

Eth i cal CodesUse CODES OF ETH ICS

ETH I CAL REL A TIV ISM(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)SN The view that eth i cal prin ci ples vary, or ought

to vary, among dif fer ent groups or cul turesUF Rel a tiv ism, eth i calNT Ret ro spec tive moral judg mentRT Cul tural plu ral ism

ETH I CAL RE VIEW(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)SN Re view of pa tient care or re search pro pos als for

con for mity with eth i cal guide linesRT An i mal care com mit tees

Eth ics com mit tees+

ETH I CAL THE ORY(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)UF Nor ma tive eth icsBT Eth icsNT Deontological eth ics

Prin ci ple-based eth icsTe le o log i cal eth ics+

RT Eth i cal anal y sis+

ETH I CIST’S ROLE(1996; MeSH map = Eth ics)RT Ethicists

ETHICISTS(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)RT Bioethics+

Clin i cal eth icsClin i cal eth ics com mit teesEth i cist’s roleEth ics con sul ta tion

ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The field of study deal ing with the prin ci ples of

mo ral ity

NT Bioethics+Eth i cal the ory+Fem i nist eth icsIn sti tu tional eth icsMetaethicsNar ra tive eth icsPro fes sional eth ics+Re li gious eth ics+

RT CommunitarianismLib er tar i an ismMoral ob li ga tions+Mo ral ityNat u ral lawPhi los o phyThe ol ogy

ETH ICS COM MIT TEES(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Com mit tees es tab lished by groups such as pro -

fes sional or ga ni za tions to con sider eth i cal issuesNT Clin i cal eth ics com mit tees

Re gional eth ics com mit teesRe search eth ics com mit tees

RT Ad vi sory com mit teesAn i mal care com mit teesCom mit tee mem ber shipEth i cal re viewRe view com mit tees

ETH ICS CON SUL TA TION(1998)SN Ser vices pro vided by a con sul tant, team, or

com mit tee to ad dress the eth i cal is sues in volved in a spe cific clin i cal case; the cen tral pur pose isto im prove the pro cess and out comes of pa -tients’ care by help ing to iden tify, an a lyze, andre solve ethical problems

RT EthicistsClin i cal eth ics com mit tees

Eth ics, In sti tu tionalUse IN STI TU TIONAL ETH ICS

Eth ics, Med i calUse MED I CAL ETH ICS

Eth ics, Nurs ingUse NURS ING ETH ICS

Eth ics, Or ga ni za tionalUse IN STI TU TIONAL ETH ICS

Eth ics, Pro fes sionalUse PRO FES SIONAL ETH ICS

Eu genic Abor tionUse SE LEC TIVE ABOR TION



EU GEN ICS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The sci ence which stud ies ways to im prove the

he red i tary char ac ter is tics of the hu man race, es -pe cially by means of se lec tive reproduction

BT Ge netic in ter ven tionRT Ge netic en hance ment

EU THA NA SIA(1974; MeSH map = same)SN An um brella term for ac tive, in vol un tary, and

vol un tary eu tha na sia; for pas sive eu tha na sia,use AL LOW ING TO DIE

BT Kill ingNT Ac tive eu tha na sia+RT Al low ing to die+

Pro lon ga tion of life+With hold ing treat ment

EVAL U A TION (1974; MeSH map = Eval u a tion stud ies)NT Em pir i cal re search

Eval u a tion stud ies

EVAL U A TION STUD IES(1991; was EVAL U A TION or STA TIS TICS orSUR VEY, 1974-1990; MeSH map = same)SN Used as a tag to in di cate that the doc u ment de -

scribes a study that uses the meth ods of the so -cial sci ences or sta tis tics to an a lyze ei ther theim pact or ef fec tive ness of prac tice or pol icy de -ci sions, or the val ues used in mak ing suchdecisions

BT Eval u a tionRT Em pir i cal re search

Sta tis tics+Sur vey

EVO LU TION(1974; MeSH map = same)

Ex per i men tal De signUse RE SEARCH DE SIGN

Ex per i men tal Sub jectsUse RE SEARCH SUB JECTS

EX PERT TES TI MONY(1975; MeSH map = same)SN The pre sen ta tion of per ti nent in for ma tion by a

qual i fied spe cial ist be fore a court or gov ern -men tal body

RT Fo ren sic med i cine+

EX TRAOR DI NARY TREAT MENT(1974; MeSH map = Life sup port care)

SN Ther a peu tic mea sures which can not be ob tained with out ex ces sive ex pense, pain, or other bur -den, or which, if used, would not of fer a rea son -able hope of benefit

UF He roic treat mentRT Fu til ity

EYE DIS EASES(1978; MeSH map = same)RT Oph thal mol ogy

FAC ULTY(1997; MeSH map = same)SN The teach ing staff of an ed u ca tional in sti tu tion;

also other staff mem bers hav ing ac a demic rankRT Ed u ca tion+

FAM ILY MEM BERS(1974; MeSH map = Fam ily)UF Rel a tivesNT Par ents+

Sib lings+RT Fam ily re la tion ship+

Mar ried per sons

FAM ILY PLAN NING(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Pro grams or ser vices de signed to help peo ple

avoid un wanted births or con trol the in ter val be -tween preg nan cies

NT Con tra cep tionRT Pop u la tion con trol

FAM ILY PRAC TICE(1990; MeSH map = same)SN The branch of med i cine con cerned with the pro -

vi sion of con tin u ing, com pre hen sive health care for the en tire family

UF Gen eral prac ticeBT Med i cal spe cial ties

FAM ILY RE LA TION SHIP(1974; MeSH map = Fam ily re la tions)NT Mar i tal re la tion ship

Par ent child re la tion shipRT Fam ily mem bers+

FA MOUS PER SONS(1978; MeSH map = same)UF Ce leb ri ties

FA THERS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Males

Par entsRT Spousal con sent

Spousal no ti fi ca tion



Fed eral AidUse GOV ERN MENT FI NANC ING and

FED ERAL GOV ERN MENT

FED ERAL GOV ERN MENT(1974; MeSH map = Gov ern ment)UF Fed eral aid†RT Mu nic i pal gov ern ment

State gov ern ment

Fees, Med i calUse MED I CAL FEES

Fe male Cir cum ci sionUse CIR CUM CI SION and

FE MALES

FE MALES(1974; MeSH map = Women)UF WomenNT Moth ers+

Ovum do norsPreg nant women

RT Fem i nist eth icsVul ner a ble pop u la tionsWomen’s healthWomen’s health ser vicesWomen’s rights

Fem i nismUse FEM I NIST ETH ICS or WOMEN’S RIGHTS

FEM I NIST ETH ICS(1995; was WOMEN’S RIGHTS, 1974-1994; MeSH

map = Fem i nism)SN A field of study de signed to an a lyze and mod ify

the treat ment of gen der is sues as for mu lated and ap plied by tra di tional eth i cal theories

UF Fem i nismBT Eth icsRT Car ing

Fe males+Women’s rights

Fer til ityUse IN FER TIL ITY

Fer til iza tion in Vi troUse IN VI TRO FER TIL IZA TION

FE TAL DE VEL OP MENT(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Em bry onic de vel op ment

Ges ta tional ageLate-term abor tion†Par tial-birth abor tion†Pre na tal de vel op ment

RT Fe tuses+Vi a bil ity

Fe tal Ex per i men ta tionUse FE TAL RE SEARCH

FE TAL RE SEARCH(1995; ret ro spec tively added by search al go rithm to

many pre-1995 re cords; MeSH map = Re -search)

SN Re search on the hu man conceptus af ter theeighth week from the time of fer til iza tion, or re -search us ing or gans or tis sues from such aconceptus

UF Fe tal ex per i men ta tionFe tal tis sue re search†

BT Bio med i cal re searchHu man ex per i men ta tion

RT Em bryo re searchFe tal tis sue do na tionFe tuses+

FE TAL THER APY(1984; was FE TUSES and PA TIENT CARE

or FE TUSES and SUR GERY, 1976-1983;MeSH map = Fe tal dis eases)

UF In utero ther apyBT Pa tient careRT Fe tuses+

Pre na tal di ag no sis+

FE TAL TIS SUE DO NA TION(1979; MeSH map = Fe tal tis sue trans plan ta tion)UF Fe tal tis sue re search†BT Tis sue do na tionRT Fe tal re search

Fe tuses+

Fe tal Tis sue Re searchUse FE TAL RE SEARCH and

FE TAL TIS SUE DO NA TION

Fe tal Vi a bil ityUse FE TUSES and

VI A BIL ITY

FE TUSES(1974; MeSH map = Fe tus)SN Hu man conceptuses; tech ni cally, hu man

conceptuses in utero that are older than 8 weeksUF Fe tal vi a bil ity†NT Aborted fe tusesRT Em bryos

Fe tal de vel op mentFe tal re searchFe tal ther apyFe tal tis sue do na tionMother fe tus re la tion shipPreg nant women



FI NAN CIAL SUP PORT(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Eco nom icsNT Gov ern ment fi nanc ing

Health in sur ance+RT En tre pre neur ship

Gifts

Fi nanc ing, Gov ern mentUse GOV ERN MENT FI NANC ING

FLU O RI DA TION(1977; MeSH map = same)

FOOD(1975; MeSH map = same)BT Nu tri tionRT Ar ti fi cial feed ing

FORCE FEED ING(1978; MeSH map = Enteral nu tri tion)RT Ar ti fi cial feed ing

Co er cionNu tri tion+

For eign ersUse ALIENS

FO REN SIC MED I CINE(1991; MeSH map = same)SN The ap pli ca tion of med i cal knowl edge to ques -

tions of law and law en force mentBT Med i cineNT DNA fin ger print ing

Fo ren sic psy chi a tryRT Ex pert tes ti mony

Law en force ment

FO REN SIC PSY CHI A TRY(1991; MeSH map = same)SN The ap pli ca tion of psy chi at ric knowl edge to

ques tions of law and law en force mentBT Fo ren sic med i cine

FORMS(1996; MeSH map = Forms and re cords con trol)SN A tag (rarely searched with an as ter isk) which

in di cates that the doc u ment in cludes the text ofa form or forms

NT Con sent formsRT Ad vance di rec tives+

Do nor cards

FRAUD(1981; MeSH map = same)SN Fab ri ca tion or de lib er ate fal si fi ca tion of re -

search resultsBT Mis con duct

FREE DOM(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The ab sence of ex ter nal con straints on the in di -

vid ual’s right and abil ity to act and make de ci -sions

RT Au ton omy+Lib er tar i an ism

Freez ingUse CRYO PRE SER VA TION

FRIENDS(1999; MeSH map = In ter per sonal re la tions)SN Per sons whom one knows, likes, and trustsRT So cial in ter ac tion

FU TIL ITY(1991; MeSH map = Med i cal fu til ity)SN The ab sence of a use ful pur pose or use ful re sult

in a di ag nos tic pro ce dure or ther a peu tic in ter -ven tion; the de ter mi na tion of fu til ity of ten in -volves a value judg ment, par tic u larly whenqual ity of life is at issue

RT Al low ing to die+Ex traor di nary treat mentProg no sisRe sus ci ta tion or ders

FU TURE GEN ER A TIONS(1974)UF Ob li ga tions to fu ture gen er a tions†

GA METE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANS FER(1990; MeSH map = same)SN A tech nique of as sisted in vivo con cep tion in

which oocytes pro duced by hor monal stim u la -tion of the ova ries are as pi rated and trans ferred,to gether with se men, into the Fal lo pian tubes

BT Re pro duc tive tech nol o gies

Ga metesUse GERM CELLS

GATEKEEPING(1999)SN The con trol ling of ac cess to health ser vices,

usu ally by pri mary care phy si cians or nurses;of ten used by man aged care pro grams to dis -cour age use of ex pen sive ser vices and referrals

RT In cen tivesMan aged care pro grams+Re fer ral and con sul ta tion+Re source al lo ca tion

GENE POOL(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The to tal ge netic in for ma tion pos sessed by the

re pro duc tive mem bers of a pop u la tion of sex u -ally re pro duc ing organisms



RT Germ cells+

GENE THER APY(1980; MeSH map = same)SN The treat ment of ge netic dis or ders through the

in tro duc tion of prop erly func tion ing genes intothe ap pro pri ate cells of an organism

UF Ge netic en gi neer ingGermline gene ther apy†


RT Ge netic en hance ment

Gen eral Prac ticeUse FAM ILY PRAC TICE

Gen eral Wel fareUse COM MON GOOD

GENES(1997; MeSH map= same)SN Bi o log i cal units of he red ity con sist ing of spe -

cific se quences of base pairs along a mol e culeof DNA

BT Ge netic ma te ri alsRT DNA se quences

Ge net ics+

Ge netic Abor tionUse SE LEC TIVE ABOR TION

GE NETIC COUN SEL ING(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The pro cess of ad vis ing pro spec tive par ents

con cern ing the risk of birth de fects in cur rent or an tic i pated pregnancies

BT Coun sel ingGe netic in ter ven tionGe netic ser vices

RT Di rec tive coun sel ingGe netic in for ma tion+Pre na tal di ag no sis+

Ge netic De fectsUse GE NETIC DIS OR DERS

GE NETIC DE TER MIN ISM(1998)SN The the ory that hu man char ac ter and be hav ior

are de ter mined by the genes that com prise thein di vid ual’s ge no type rather than shaped by cul -ture, so cial en vi ron ment, and individual choice

BT Ge net ics

GE NETIC DIS OR DERS(1974; MeSH map = He red i tary dis eases)UF Ge netic de fects

He red i tary dis eases

NT Chro mo some ab nor mal i ties+Cys tic fi bro sisDu chenne mus cu lar dys tro phyHe mo philiaHun ting ton’s dis easeLate-on set dis or dersPhenylketonuriaSickle cell ane miaTay Sachs dis easeThalassemia

RT Car ri ersCon gen i tal dis or ders+Ge netic pre dis po si tionGrowth dis or dersNeu ral tube de fects+

GE NETIC DI VER SITY(1998)SN Genotypic dif fer ences among in di vid u als and

among pop u la tion groupsUF Hu man Ge nome Di ver sity Pro jectBT Ge net ics

Ge netic En gi neer ingUse GENE THER APY or

GE NETIC IN TER VEN TION orRE COM BI NANT DNA RE SEARCH

GE NETIC EN HANCE MENT(1996; was GENE THER APY or GE NETIC

INTERVENTION, 1974-1995; MeSH map =Ge netic en gi neer ing)

SN The use of ge netic tech nol o gies to im prove hu -man ca pac i ties rather than to ame lio rate overtdis ease or a ge netic disorder

BT Ge netic in ter ven tionRT Eu gen ics

Gene ther apyNor mal ity

GE NETIC IDEN TITY(1998)SN Per sonal iden tity as it is based on the in di vid -

ual’s ge no typeBT Ge net icsRT Personhood

Self con cept

GE NETIC IN FOR MA TION(1997)SN Ge netic data, about an in di vid ual, fam ily, or

pop u la tion group, de rived from ge netic re -search, tests, or fam ily histories

NT DNA data banksRT Con fi den ti al ity+

DNA fin ger print ingGe netic coun sel ingGe netic re search+Ge netic screen ing



GE NETIC IN TER VEN TION(1974; MeSH map = Ge netic en gi neer ing)SN Gen eral term for the mod i fi ca tion of in her it able

char ac ter is tics of in di vid u als or pop u la tionsthrough var i ous so cial mech a nisms and/orgenetic technologies

UF Ge netic en gi neer ingNT Eu gen ics

Gene ther apyGe netic coun sel ingGe netic en hance mentGe netic screen ingSex de ter mi na tionSex preselectionTrans gen ic or gan isms+

RT Clon ingGe netic re search+

GE NETIC MA TE RI ALS(1997)SN DNA and bi o log i cal sam ples from which DNA

can be ex tracted; of ten used in ge netic test ingand ge netic research

UF DNANT Genes

Germ cells+RT Body parts and flu ids+

DNA se quences

GE NETIC PRE DIS PO SI TION(1995; MeSH map = Ge net ics)SN The pres ence of ge netic fac tors in di cat ing the

risk, but not the cer tainty, that an in di vid ual will de velop a dis or der later in life

RT Ge netic dis or ders+Ge netic screen ing

GE NETIC RE SEARCH(1995; MeSH map = Ge net ics)SN Broadly, in ves ti ga tion into the cause, trans mis -

sion, ame lio ra tion, elim i na tion, or en hance mentof in her ited dis or ders and/or traits

BT Bio med i cal re searchGe net ics

NT Ge nome map pingRe com bi nant DNA re search

RT DNA se quencesGe netic in for ma tion+Ge netic in ter ven tion+

GE NETIC SCREEN ING(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The use of di ag nos tic pro ce dures in tended to

iden tify ei ther in di vid u als af fected by a ge neticdis ease or asymp tom atic car ri ers of a par tic u largenetic trait

UF Ge netic test ingScreen ing, ge neticTest ing, ge netic


RT Anon y mous test ing

DNA data banksDNA fin ger print ingGe netic in for ma tion+Ge netic pre dis po si tionLate-on set dis or ders+Man da tory test ingMass screen ingPre na tal di ag no sis+

GE NETIC SER VICES(1997)SN Or ga nized ser vices to pro vide di ag no sis, treat -

ment, and pre ven tion of ge netic disordersNT Gene ther apy

Ge netic coun sel ingGe netic screen ingPre na tal di ag no sis+

Ge netic Test ingUse GE NETIC SCREEN ING

GE NET ICS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Bi ol ogyNT Be hav ioral ge net ics

Ge netic re search+Ge netic de ter min ismGe netic di ver sityGe netic iden tity

RT Genes

GE NOME MAP PING(1989; MeSH map = Hu man Ge nome Pro ject)SN A re search ef fort that aims to pro duce a de tailed

map of the gene lo ca tions and se quences of thege netic ma te rial in the chro mo some of a hu manbeing

UF Hu man Ge nome Pro jectBT Ge netic re searchRT Re com bi nant DNA re search

GERM CELLS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Sperm or ova; in re la tion to spe cies, the cells of

the germline (un like so matic cells) bridge thegap be tween gen er a tions

UF Ga metesGermline gene ther apy†

BT Ge netic ma te ri alsNT Ovum

SpermRT Gene pool

Germline Gene Ther apyUse GENE THER APY and GERM CELLS

Ger man Mea slesUse RU BELLA



Ges ta tional AgeUse FE TAL DE VEL OP MENT

Ges ta tional Moth ersUse SUR RO GATE MOTH ERS

GHOST SUR GERY(1980; MeSH map = Sur gery, op er a tive)SN Sur gery per formed by some one other than the

pa tient’s phy si cian with out the pa tient’s knowl -edge and consent

BT Sur gery

GIFTS(1998)SN Some thing be stowed vol un tarily and usu ally

with out ex pec ta tion of any thing in re turn; how -ever, gift giv ing may be mo ti vated by feel ingsof al tru ism or grat i tude, by a sense of ob li ga -tion, or by the hope of re ceiv ing something inreturn

RT Al tru ismFi nan cial sup port+Tis sue do na tion+

GOALS(1974; MeSH map = same)

GOV ERN MENT FI NANC ING(1995; ret ro spec tively added by search al go rithm to

many pre-1995 re cords; MeSH map = Fi nanc -ing, gov ern ment)

SN Fi nan cial sup port by na tional, state, or lo calgov ern ment

UF Fed eral aid†Fi nanc ing, gov ern ment

BT Fi nan cial sup portRT Health in sur ance+

Gov ern ment Pol icyUse PUB LIC POL ICY

GOV ERN MENT REG U LA TION(1974; MeSH map = So cial con trol, for mal)UF Reg u la tion, gov ern ment

State con trolBT Le gal as pects

Reg u la tionRT Ju di cial ac tion

Leg is la tion+

GROUP THER APY(1974; MeSH map = Psy cho ther apy, group)RT Psy cho ther apy

GROWTH DIS OR DERS(1987; MeSH map = same)RT Ge netic dis or ders

Guard iansUse LE GAL GUARD IANS

GUIDE LINES(1993; ret ro spec tively added by search al go rithm to

many pre-1993 re cords; MeSH map = same)SN Di rec tions or prin ci ples set forth by groups such

as gov ern ment agen cies, in sti tu tions, pro fes -sional or ga ni za tions, or ex pert pan els to es tab -lish cur rent or fu ture rules of policy

BT Stan dardsNT Codes of eth ics

Prac tice guide linesRT In sti tu tional pol i cies

Or ga ni za tional pol i cies

Half way HousesUse RES I DEN TIAL FA CIL I TIES

Hand i cappedUse DIS ABLED

HarmUse IN JU RIES

HEALTH(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Def i ni tion of healthNT Men tal health

Pub lic healthWomen’s health+

RT Dis easeHealth pro mo tion+Nor mal itySelf in duced ill ness

HEALTH CARE(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Health ser vicesNT Emer gency care

Home careLong-term carePri mary health careWomen’s health ser vices

RT Bio med i cal tech nol o gies+Com mu nity ser vicesHealth care de liv ery+Pa tient care+

HEALTH CARE DE LIV ERY(1974; MeSH map = De liv ery of health care)SN The pro vi sion and dis tri bu tion of health

ser vices to a pop u la tionUF Ac cess to health careNT Health care re formRT Health care+

Health ser vices re searchMan aged care pro grams+Qual ity of health care



Re source al lo ca tion

Health Care Ra tion ingUse RE SOURCE AL LO CA TION

HEALTH CARE RE FORM(1995; MeSH map = same)SN Im prove ment of a health care sys tem, usu ally

with the goal of in creas ing ac cess to ser vices by re vamp ing ex ist ing meth ods of de liv ery andpayment

BT Health care de liv eryRT Eco nom ics+

HEALTH ED U CA TION(1982; MeSH map = same)SN Health-re lated ed u ca tion geared to the laypersonBT Ed u ca tion

Health pro mo tionPub lic health

NT Pa tient ed u ca tionRT Med i cal ed u ca tion+

Nurs ing ed u ca tion

HEALTH FA CIL I TIES(1975; MeSH map = same)NT Hos pi tals+

Lab o ra to riesPro pri etary health fa cil i ties+Tis sue banks+

RT Com mu nity ser vicesRes i den tial fa cil i ties+

HEALTH HAZ ARDS(1974; MeSH map = Haz ard ous sub stances)UF Biohazards

En vi ron men tal haz ardsRT Ecol ogy

Oc cu pa tional ex po sureRa di a tionTox ic ity

HEALTH IN SUR ANCE(1974; MeSH map = In sur ance, health)BT Fi nan cial sup port

In sur anceNT Health in sur ance re im burse ment

Man aged care pro grams+Na tional health in sur ance

RT Gov ern ment fi nanc ingIn sur ance se lec tion biasLife in sur ance

HEALTH IN SUR ANCE RE IM BURSE MENT(1995; was HEALTH IN SUR ANCE and (FI NAN -

CIAL SUP PORT or RE MU NER A TION),1974-1994; MeSH map = In sur ance, health, re -im burse ment)

SN Pay ment by pri vate health in sur ers for cov eredhealth ser vices; spe cif i cally, the is sue ofwhether the par tic u lar con di tion or pro ce dure iscov ered. For gov ern ment cov er age of healthser vices, use GOVERNMENT FINANCING

BT Health in sur ance

HEALTH MAIN TE NANCE OR GA NI ZA TIONS(1991; MeSH map = same)SN Or ga ni za tions pro vid ing health ser vices to en -

rolled mem bers for a fixed feeBT Man aged care pro grams

HEALTH PER SON NEL(1974; for merly also MED I CAL STAFF, 1974-88;

MeSH map = same)NT Al lied health per son nel

Nurses+Pa tient care teamPhar ma cistsPhy si cians

RT Ad min is tra torsDen tistrySo cial work ers

HEALTH PRO MO TION(1998; MeSH map = same)SN En cour ag ing be hav iors most likely to op ti mize

health po ten tials (phys i cal and psychosocial)through health in for ma tion, pre ven tive pro -grams, and ac cess to medical care

BT Pre ven tive med i cineNT Health ed u ca tion+RT Health+

Health Ser vicesUse HEALTH CARE

HEALTH SER VICES RE SEARCH(1992; MeSH map = same)SN Re search con cerned with the or ga ni za tion, ad -

min is tra tion, needs, and func tion ing of healthservices

RT Be hav ioral re searchBio med i cal re search+Health care de liv ery+Nurs ing re search

HEART DIS EASES(1975; MeSH map = same)

Heart Trans plan ta tionUse OR GAN TRANS PLAN TA TION and

HEARTS

HEARTS(1974; MeSH map = Heart)UF Heart trans plan ta tion†BT Body parts and flu ids



RT Car diac death

HemodialysisUse RE NAL DI AL Y SIS

HE MO PHILIA(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Ge netic dis or ders

HEP A TI TIS(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Com mu ni ca ble dis eases+

He roic Treat mentUse EX TRAOR DI NARY TREAT MENT

He red i tary Dis easesUse GE NETIC DIS OR DERS

HER OIN(1980; MeSH map = Diacetylmorphine)BT Psy cho ac tive drugs

HINDU ETH ICS(1993; MeSH map = Hin du ism)BT Re li gious eth ics

HIS PANIC AMER I CANS(1989; MeSH map = same)UF Chi ca nosBT Mi nor ity groups

HIS TOR I CAL AS PECTS(1974; MeSH map = His tory)RT An cient his tory

Time fac torsTrends

HIV SerodiagnosisUse AIDS SERODIAGNOSIS

HIV SEROPOSITIVITY(1988; MeSH map = same)SN De vel op ment of neu tral iz ing an ti bod ies in per -

sons who have been ex posed to the hu man im -mu no de fi ciency vi rus (HIV/HTLV-III/LAV);linked to de vel op ment of the ac quired im mu no -de fi ciency syn drome (AIDS) and AIDS-relatedcomplex

BT Sex u ally trans mit ted dis easesRT AIDS

AIDS serodiagnosisCom mu ni ca ble dis eases+Iat ro genic dis easeOc cu pa tional ex po sure

Ho lo caustUse NA TIONAL SO CIAL ISM

HOME CARE(1990; MeSH map = Home care ser vices)SN Care of a pa tient at home, by fam ily mem bers

and/or health per son nelBT Health care

Pa tient care

Home less Per sonsUse DIS AD VAN TAGED

Homes for the AgedUse AGED and

RES I DEN TIAL FA CIL I TIES

Ho mi cideUse KILL ING

HO MO SEX U ALS(1974; MeSH map = Ho mo sex u al ity)RT Sex u al ity

Transsexualism

HOR MONES(1987; MeSH map = same)NT In su linRT Drugs+

HOS PICES(1978; MeSH map = same)SN Fa cil i ties and/or ser vices that pro vide pal lia tive

and sup port ive care for ter mi nally ill pa tientsand their families

RT Hos pi tals+Pal lia tive careTer mi nal care

Hos pi tal Eth ics Com mit teesUse CLIN I CAL ETH ICS COM MIT TEES

Hos pi tal Pol i ciesUse IN STI TU TIONAL POL I CIES and

HOS PI TALS

HOS PI TALS(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Hos pi tal pol i cies†BT Health fa cil i tiesNT Men tal in sti tu tions

Pro pri etary hos pi talsPub lic hos pi talsRe li gious hos pi tals

RT Hos picesIn ten sive care units



Host Moth ersUse SUR RO GATE MOTH ERS

HU MAN BODY(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The or ga nized phys i cal sub stance of a hu man

be ing; used for philo soph i cal, theo log i cal, med i -cal, or le gal ap proaches to the body or for so cial at ti tudes toward the body

NT Body parts and flu ids+Ca dav ers

HU MAN CHAR AC TER IS TICS(1974)SN Qual i ties that dis tin guish hu man be ings from

non hu man spe ciesRT Personhood

Speciesism

HU MAN EX PER I MEN TA TION(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Clin i cal re search

Clin i cal tri alsNT Autoexperimentation

Be hav ioral re searchEm bryo re searchFe tal re searchNontherapeutic re searchTher a peu tic re search

RT An i mal ex per i men ta tionBio med i cal re search+In ves ti ga torsNurs ing re searchRe search sub jects

Hu man Ge nome Di ver sity Pro jectUse GE NETIC DI VER SITY

Hu man Ge nome Pro jectUse GE NOME MAP PING

HU MAN RIGHTS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT RightsRT Le gal rights+

Moral ob li ga tions+

HU MAN ISM(1975; MeSH map = same)SN An eth i cal sys tem that em pha sizes the wel fare

of hu man be ings and the per sonal worth of each in di vid ual

RT Phi los o phy

HU MAN I TIES(1974; MeSH map = same)RT So cial sci ences+

Hu man nessUse PERSONHOOD

HUN TING TON’S DIS EASE(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Ge netic dis or ders

Late-on set dis or ders

HY BRIDS(1974; MeSH map = Chi mera)SN The off spring of par ents be long ing to dif fer ent

spe cies, va ri et ies, or ge no typesUF Chi me rasRT Trans gen ic an i mals

Hy per ac tiv ityUse HYPERKINESIS

HYPERKINESIS(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Hy per ac tiv ityBT Be hav ior dis or ders

HY PER TEN SION(1978; MeSH map = same)UF Blood pres sure, high

HYP NO SIS(1974; MeSH map = same)

IAT RO GENIC DIS EASE(1979; MeSH map = same)SN Ill ness or in jury oc cur ring as the re sult of

treat mentRT AIDS

HIV seropositivity

IL LE GAL ABOR TION(1974; MeSH map = Abor tion, crim i nal)UF Crim i nal abor tionBT Abor tion, in duced

Ill ness, Self In ducedUse SELF IN DUCED ILL NESS

IM MU NI ZA TION(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Vac ci na tionBT Pub lic health

In Utero Ther apyUse FE TAL THER APY

IN VI TRO FER TIL IZA TION(1974; MeSH map = Fer til iza tion in vi tro)



SN Fer til iza tion of an ovum out side the bodyUF Fer til iza tion in vi tro

Test tube fer til iza tionBT Re pro duc tive tech nol o giesRT Em bryo trans fer

Ovum do nors

IN CEN TIVES(1974; MeSH map = Mo ti va tion)RT Con flict of in ter est+

GatekeepingMan aged care pro grams+Mo ti va tionRe mu ner a tion+

In com pe tence, Men talUse COM PE TENCE

In di ans, Amer i canUse AMER I CAN IN DI ANS

INDIGENTS(1974; MeSH map = Pov erty)UF Poor per sons

Pov ertyBT Dis ad van taged

In dus trial Med i cineUse OC CU PA TIONAL MED I CINE

IN DUS TRY(1975; MeSH map = same)NT Drug in dus tryRT En tre pre neur ship

Oc cu pa tional med i cinePri vate sec tor

IN FAN TI CIDE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The prac tice of kill ing in fants at birth or soon

there af terBT Kill ing

IN FANTS(1974; MeSH map = In fant)SN Age des ig na tion for hu mans 1-23 months oldBT Mi norsRT Chil dren+

New borns

IN FER TIL ITY(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Di min ished or ab sent ca pac ity to con ceive or

pro duce off springUF Fer til ityRT Re pro duc tion+

IN FLU ENZA(1977; MeSH map = same)BT Com mu ni ca ble dis eases

IN FOR MAL SO CIAL CON TROL(1974; MeSH map = So cial con trol, in for mal)SN Re straints on be hav ior that are ex erted through

so cial pres sure, for ex am ple, through mo res,folk ways, con ven tions, or pub lic sentiment

BT So cial con trolNT Pub lic opin ion

IN FOR MA TION DIS SEM I NA TION(1974; MeSH map = In for ma tion ser vices)BT Com mu ni ca tionNT Com puter com mu ni ca tion net worksRT Com put ers+

Dis clo sure+

IN FORMED CON SENT(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Agree ment by a com pe tent in di vid ual to ac cept

treat ment or to par tic i pate in re search af ter hav -ing re ceived and com pre hended an ad e quate ex -pla na tion of the pro posed pro ce dures, theirat ten dant risks, and alternatives

UF Con sentBT Pa tients’ rightsNT Third party con sent+RT Com pe tence

Con sent formsDis clo sure+Pre sumed con sentTreat ment re fusal

IN JU RIES(1974; MeSH map = Wounds and in ju ries)UF HarmNT Burns

Pre con cep tion in ju riesPre na tal in ju ries

RT Torts+

In sem i na tion, Ar ti fi cialUse AR TI FI CIAL IN SEM I NA TION

In sti tu tional Biosafety Com mit teesUse RE VIEW COM MIT TEES

IN STI TU TIONAL ETH ICS(1975; MeSH map = Eth ics, in sti tu tional)SN Moral prin ci ples that ap ply to cor po rate en ti ties

such as in sti tu tions or or ga ni za tionsUF Eth ics, in sti tu tional

Eth ics, or ga ni za tionalIn sti tu tional ob li ga tionsOr ga ni za tional eth ics

BT Eth icsBT In sti tu tional pol i cies



In sti tu tional Ob li ga tionsUse IN STI TU TIONAL ETH ICS

IN STI TU TIONAL POL I CIES(1974; MeSH map = Or ga ni za tional pol icy)SN Prac tices of health fa cil i ties, re search in sti tutes,

or uni ver si tiesUF Hos pi tal pol i cies†RT Guide lines+

In sti tu tional eth icsOr ga ni za tional pol i ciesPub lic pol icy

In sti tu tional Re view BoardsUse RE SEARCH ETH ICS COM MIT TEES

IN STI TU TION AL IZED PER SONS(1974; MeSH map = Institutionalization)NT Pris on ersRT Deinstitutionalized per sons

IN SU LIN(1978; MeSH map = same)BT Hor monesRT Di a be tes

IN SUR ANCE(1977; MeSH map = same)NT Health in sur ance+

Life in sur anceRT In sur ance se lec tion bias

IN SUR ANCE SE LEC TION BIAS(1998; MeSH map = same)SN Se lec tive en roll ment by in sur ers that re sults in

dis pro por tion ate re jec tion of cer tain groups ofpeo ple, such as those with pre ex ist ing con di -tions or with pre dis po si tions to disease

RT In sur ance+

IN TEL LI GENCE(1974; MeSH map = same)

IN TEN SIVE CARE UNITS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Hos pi tal units pro vid ing con tin u ous sur veil -

lance and care to crit i cally ill patientsBT Bio med i cal tech nol o giesRT Crit i cally ill

Hos pi tals+

IN TEN TION(1974; MeSH map = Mo ti va tion)RT Dou ble ef fect

Mo ti va tion

IN TER DIS CI PLIN ARY COM MU NI CA TION(1974; MeSH map = Interprofessional re la tions)BT Com mu ni ca tionRT Interprofessional re la tions+

IN TER NAL MED I CINE(1991; MeSH map = same)SN The branch of med i cine con cerned with the di -

ag no sis and treat ment of dis eases of the in ter nal or gan sys tems of adults

BT Med i cal spe cial ties

IN TER NA TIONAL AS PECTS(1975; MeSH map = In ter na tional co op er a tion)RT Aliens

De vel op ing coun tries

IN TERN SHIP AND RES I DENCY(1980; MeSH map = same)UF Res i dencyBT Med i cal ed u ca tionRT Phy si cians

INTERPROFESSIONAL RE LA TIONS(1991; MeSH map = same)SN The in ter ac tion of two or more pro fes sion als

from the same or dif fer ent fieldsNT Med i cal et i quette

Phy si cian nurse re la tion shipRT In ter dis ci plin ary com mu ni ca tion

Pro fes sional pa tient re la tion ship+

IN VES TI GA TIONAL DRUGS(1992; MeSH map = Drugs, in ves ti ga tional)SN Drugs which have re ceived FDA ap proval for

hu man test ing but have yet to be ap proved forcom mer cial mar ket ing. These in clude drugsused for treat ment while they still are un der go -ing clin i cal trials

UF Drugs, in ves ti ga tionalBT DrugsRT Ther a peu tic re search

IN VES TI GA TOR SUB JECT RE LA TION SHIP(1974)RT Pro fes sional pa tient re la tion ship+

IN VES TI GA TORS(1977; MeSH map = Re search per son nel)SN Pro fes sion als en gaged in bio med i cal or be hav -

ioral re searchUF Clin i cal in ves ti ga tors

Re search per son nelRT Be hav ioral re search

Bio med i cal re search+Hu man ex per i men ta tion+

In vol un tary Civil Com mit mentUse IN VOL UN TARY COM MIT MENT



IN VOL UN TARY COM MIT MENT(1974; MeSH map = Com mit ment of men tally ill)UF Civil com mit ment

Com mit ment, in vol un taryIn vol un tary civil com mit ment

NT Du ra tion of com mit mentOut pa tient com mit ment

RT Vol un tary ad mis sion

IN VOL UN TARY EU THA NA SIA(1974; MeSH map = Eu tha na sia)SN The kill ing of a pa tient who is suf fer ing or is af -

flicted with an in cur able dis ease or con di tion,for rea sons of mercy, with out that per son+sconsent

BT Ac tive eu tha na siaRT Vol un tary eu tha na sia

IN VOL UN TARY STER IL IZA TION(1974; MeSH map = Ster il iza tion, in vol un tary)SN Ster il iza tion per formed with out the con sent of

the pa tientBT Ster il iza tion (sex ual)RT Vol un tary ster il iza tion

IRBsUse RE SEARCH ETH ICS COM MIT TEES

IS LAMIC ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Is lam)BT Re li gious eth ics

JE HO VAH+S WIT NESSES(1974; MeSH map = Chris tian ity)RT Re li gion

JEW ISH ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Ju da ism)BT Re li gious eth ics

JEWS(1975; MeSH map = same)BT Mi nor ity groupsRT Re li gion

JU DI CIAL AC TION(1975; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)SN Used for dis cus sions of the role of the ju di ciary

in bioethical de ci sion mak ingBT Le gal as pects

So cial con trolRT Gov ern ment reg u la tion

Leg is la tion+Su preme Court de ci sions

JUS TICE(1974; MeSH map = So cial jus tice)

SN The prin ci ple that no ar bi trary dis tinc tions are to be made among per sons in the as sign ing of ba -sic rights and du ties, or in the dis tri bu tion of so -cial ben e fits and burdens

RT Prin ci ple-based eth ics

Kid ney Di al y sisUse RE NAL DI AL Y SIS

KID NEY DIS EASES(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Re nal dis eases

Kid ney Trans plan ta tionUse OR GAN TRANS PLAN TA TION and

KID NEYS

KID NEYS(1974; MeSH map = Kid ney)UF Kid ney trans plan ta tion†

Re nal trans plan ta tion†BT Body parts and flu ids

KILL ING(1974; MeSH map = Ho mi cide)SN Overt ac tion that di rectly causes the death of an -

other per sonUF Ho mi cide

Mur derNT Cap i tal pun ish ment

Eu tha na sia+In fan ti cideSui cide+

Kind nessUse BE NEF I CENCE

KNOWL EDGE, AT TI TUDES, PRAC TICE(1998; MeSH map = same)SN Knowl edge, at ti tudes, and as so ci ated be hav iors

re lated to med i cal pro ce dures or to eth i cal is -sues in health care or bio med i cal research

BT At ti tudes

La bel ingUse STIG MA TI ZA TION

LAB O RA TO RIES(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Fa cil i ties equipped to carry out in ves ti ga tive

pro ce duresUF Clin i cal lab o ra to riesBT Health fa cil i tiesRT Bio med i cal re search+

Di ag no sis+



LATE-ON SET DIS OR DERS(1995; was GE NETIC DIS OR DERS or

HUNTINGTON’S DIS EASE, 1974-1994;MeSH map = Age of on set)

SN Ge netic dis or ders which do not man i fest them -selves un til adult hood but for which earlypresymptomatic test ing may be avail able

UF Adult-on set dis or dersBT Ge netic dis or dersNT Hun ting ton’s dis easeRT Ge netic screen ing

Late-term abor tionUse ABOR TION, IN DUCED and FE TAL DE VEL -

OP MENT

LAW(1974; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)SN The sci ence or phi los o phy of law; or, a le gal

sys temBT Le gal as pectsNT Con sti tu tional law

Crim i nal lawRT Con tracts

Law yersTorts+

LAW EN FORCE MENT(1974; MeSH map = So cial con trol, for mal)RT Cap i tal pun ish ment

Crim i nal lawFo ren sic med i cine+Le gal as pects+Pris on ers

LawsUse LEG IS LA TION

LAW YERS(1991; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)RT Law+

LE GAL AS PECTS(1974; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)NT Gov ern ment reg u la tion

Ju di cial ac tionLaw+Le gal li a bil ity+Le gal ob li ga tionsLe gal rights+Leg is la tion+State in ter estSu preme Court de ci sions

RT Law en force mentLe gal guard iansPriv i leged com mu ni ca tion

LE GAL GUARD IANS(1974; MeSH map = same)

SN In di vid u als em pow ered by law to make de ci -sions con cern ing the wel fare of per sons con sid -ered le gally in ca pa ble of act ing on their ownbe half, such as mi nors and mental incompetents

UF Guard iansRT Le gal as pects+

LE GAL LI A BIL ITY(1974; MeSH map = Li a bil ity, le gal)UF Li a bil ityBT Le gal as pectsNT Torts+RT Crim i nal law

Le gal ob li ga tions

LE GAL OB LI GA TIONS(1975; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)BT Le gal as pectsRT Le gal li a bil ity+

Le gal rights+Man da tory re port ingMoral ob li ga tions+

LE GAL RIGHTS(1974; MeSH map = Civil rights)UF Civil rightsBT Le gal as pects

RightsNT Due pro cess

Equal pro tec tionPri vacyProp erty rightsRight to treat ment

RT Hu man rightsLe gal ob li ga tions

LEG IS LA TION(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Pro posed laws (bills) or en acted lawsUF Laws

Stat utesBT Le gal as pects

So cial con trolNT Con sti tu tional amend ments

Model leg is la tionRT Gov ern ment reg u la tion

Ju di cial ac tion

LEU KE MIA(1978; MeSH map = same)BT Can cer

Li a bil ityUse LE GAL LI A BIL ITY

LIB ER TAR I AN ISM(1996; was FREE DOM, 1974-1995; MeSH map =

Free dom)



SN A philo soph i cal the ory and a po lit i cal doc trinethat share a be lief in the sov er eignty and free -dom of the individual

RT Au ton omy+CommunitarianismEth ics+Free domPhi los o phy

LIFE EX TEN SION(1975; MeSH map = Life ex pec tancy)SN The de vel op ment or use of tech niques for re -

tard ing the pro cess of agingUF Cryon ic sus pen sion†RT Pro lon ga tion of life

LIFE IN SUR ANCE(1975; MeSH map = In sur ance, life)BT In sur anceRT Health in sur ance+

In sur ance se lec tion bias

Life, Qual ity ofUse QUAL ITY OF LIFE

Life Style Ill nessUse SELF IN DUCED ILL NESS

LIT ER A TURE(1975; MeSH map = same)

Liver Trans plan ta tionUse LIV ERS and

OR GAN TRANS PLAN TA TION

LIV ERS(1983; MeSH map = Liver)UF Liver trans plan ta tion†BT Body parts and flu ids

Liv ing Do norsUse DO NORS or OR GAN DO NORS

LIV ING WILLS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Writ ten, wit nessed dec la ra tions in which per -

sons re quest that if they be come dis abled be -yond rea son able ex pec ta tion of re cov ery, theybe al lowed to die rather than be kept alive byex traor di nary means

BT Ad vance di rec tives

LONG-TERM CARE(1997; MeSH map = same)SN Care over an ex tended pe riod, usu ally for a

chronic con di tion or dis abil ity, re quir ing pe ri -odic, in ter mit tent, or con tin u ous care

BT Health carePa tient care

RT AgedChron i cally illDis abled+Nurs ing homesRe ha bil i ta tion

LOVE(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Emo tionsRT Car ing

Lou Geh rig’s Dis easeUse AMYOTROPHIC LAT ERAL SCLE RO SIS

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT(1994; MeSH map = In fant, low birth weight)SN A birth weight of 2500 grams (5 lb., 8 oz.) or

lessUF Birth weightRT New borns

Prematurity

LSD(1974; MeSH map = Ly ser gic acid diethylamide)BT Psy cho ac tive drugs

Male Cir cum ci sionUse CIR CUM CI SION and

MALES

MALES(1974; MeSH map = Men)UF MenNT Fa thers

Se men do nors

MAL PRAC TICE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN In law, fail ure of a pro fes sional to ex er cise a

rea son able de gree of skill and careBT TortsNT Neg li genceRT Mis con duct+

Man aged careUse MAN AGED CARE PRO GRAMS

MAN AGED CARE PRO GRAMS(1994; MeSH map = same)UF Case man age ment

Man aged carePre ferred pro vider or ga ni za tions



SN Health in sur ance plans in tended to re duce un -nec es sary health care costs through a va ri ety ofmech a nisms, in clud ing eco nomic in cen tives forphy si cians and pa tients to se lect less costlyforms of care, pro grams for re view ing the med i -cal ne ces sity of spe cific ser vices, in creased ben -e fi ciary cost shar ing, con trols on in pa tientad mis sions and lengths of stay, se lec tive con -tract ing with health care pro vid ers, and the in -ten sive management of high-cost health carecases

BT Health in sur anceNT Health main te nance or ga ni za tionsRT Gatekeeping

Health care de liv ery+In cen tives

Man ag ersUse AD MIN IS TRA TORS

MAN DA TORY PRO GRAMS(1974; MeSH map = Co er cion)NT Man da tory test ing

Quar an tineRT Co er cion

Man da tory re port ingRe quired re questVol un tary pro grams

MAN DA TORY RE PORT ING(1996; was LE GAL OB LI GA TIONS or

MANDATORY PRO GRAMS, 1974-1995;MeSH map = same)

SN A le gal or pol icy re quire ment that health per -son nel no tify ap pro pri ate au thor i ties of des ig -nated types of in for ma tion, ac quired in theirpro fes sional roles, re lat ing to pub lic health, lawen force ment, or professional conduct

BT Dis clo sureRT Com mu ni ca ble dis eases+

Con fi den ti al ity+Con tact trac ingDuty to warnLe gal ob li ga tionsMan da tory pro grams+Pub lic health+Sex u ally trans mit ted dis eases+

MAN DA TORY TEST ING(1995; ret ro spec tively added by search al go rithm to

many pre-1995 re cords; MeSH map = same)SN Test ing or screen ing for the di ag no sis of spec i -

fied con di tions that is re quired by law or byagency or in sti tu tional pol icy; per tains usu allyto spe cific pop u la tions such as cat e go ries ofhealth care pro vid ers, pa tients, mem bers of themil i tary, aliens, and pris on ers or to spe cific sit u -a tions such as pre mar i tal examinations or donorscreening

UF Test ing, man da toryScreen ing, man da tory

BT Man da tory pro grams

RT AIDS serodiagnosisAnon y mous test ingGe netic screen ingMass screen ing

MAR I TAL RE LA TION SHIP(1974; MeSH map = Mar riage)BT Fam ily re la tion ship

MAR RIED PER SONS(1974; MeSH map = Spouses)UF SpousesRT Fam ily mem bers+

Sin gle per sonsSpousal con sentSpousal no ti fi ca tion

Marx ismUse COM MU NISM

MASS ME DIA(1978; MeSH map = same)SN In stru ments of com mu ni ca tion that reach large

num bers of peo ple; for ex am ple, the press, ra -dio, tele vi sion

RT Com mu ni ca tion+

MASS SCREEN ING(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The use of quick and sim ple di ag nos tic pro ce -

dures with large groups of ap par ently well peo -ple for the pur pose of de tect ing the pres ence orrisk of dis eases or disorders

UF Screen ing, massBT Pub lic healthRT AIDS serodiagnosis

Anon y mous test ingGe netic screen ingMan da tory test ing

MA TER NAL HEALTH(1974; MeSH map = Ma ter nal wel fare)BT Women’s healthRT Preg nant women

ME DI A TION(1999)SN In ter ven tion be tween con flict ing par ties to pro -

mote un der stand ing, rec on cil i a tion, set tle ment,or compromise

UF Con flict res o lu tionRT De ci sion mak ing+

Dis sent

Med i cal au ditUse QUAL ITY OF HEALTH CARE



MED I CAL DE VICES(1975; MeSH map = Equip ment and sup plies)BT Bio med i cal tech nol o giesNT Ar ti fi cial or gans

Ven ti la tors

MED I CAL ED U CA TION(1974; MeSH map = Ed u ca tion, med i cal)BT Ed u ca tionNT In tern ship and res i dencyRT Health ed u ca tion+

Med i cal schoolsNurs ing ed u ca tion

MED I CAL ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics, med i cal)SN The set of moral prin ci ples that gov ern, or

should gov ern, the prac tice of med i cineUF Eth ics, med i calBT Bioethics

Pro fes sional eth icsRT Clin i cal eth ics

Codes of eth icsNurs ing eth ics

MED I CAL ET I QUETTE(1974; MeSH map = Interprofessional re la tions)SN Ac cepted forms of so cial be hav ior among phy -

si ciansBT Interprofessional re la tions

MED I CAL FEES(1974; MeSH map = Fees, med i cal)UF Fees, med i calBT Re mu ner a tion

Med i cal In di ca tions for Abor tionUse THER A PEU TIC ABOR TION

MED I CAL RE CORDS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Re cords

Med i cal Re searchUse BIO MED I CAL RE SEARCH

MED I CAL SCHOOLS(1998; MeSH map = Schools, med i cal)SN Ed u ca tional in sti tu tions for in di vid u als spe cial -

iz ing in the field of medicineBT SchoolsRT Med i cal ed u ca tion+

Uni ver si ties

MED I CAL SPE CIAL TIES(1996; MeSH map = Spe cial ties, med i cal)

SN Fields of med i cal prac tice lim ited to spe cificclasses of pa tients, dis eases, or tech niques[note: some spe cific spe cial ties (e.g., SUR -GERY) will also re trieve treat ments; to nar rowthe search to the eth ics of the spe cialty, co or di -nate it with MEDICAL ETHICS]

BT Med i cineNT Fam ily prac tice

In ter nal med i cineOb stet rics and gy ne col ogyOc cu pa tional med i cineOph thal mol ogyPe di at ricsPsy chi a try+Ra di ol ogySports med i cineSur gery+

RT Phy si cians

MED I CINE(1974; MeSH map = same)NT Fo ren sic med i cine+

Med i cal spe cial ties+Pre ven tive med i cine+Ra di ol ogyRe ha bil i ta tionSports med i cineSur gery+

RT Ep i de mi ol ogyPhy si ciansSci ence+So ci ol ogy of med i cine

MenUse MALES

MeningomyeloceleUse SPINA BIFIDA

Men tal Com pe tenceUse COM PE TENCE

MEN TAL HEALTH(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Men tal ill ness

Psy chi at ric in di ca tions for abor tion†BT HealthRT Men tally ill

Men tal Hos pi talsUse MEN TAL IN STI TU TIONS

Men tal Ill nessUse MEN TAL HEALTH

MEN TAL IN STI TU TIONS(1974; MeSH map = Hos pi tals, psy chi at ric)UF Men tal hos pi tals



BT Hos pi talsRT Res i den tial fa cil i ties+

MEN TALLY DIS ABLED(1974; MeSH map = Men tally dis abled per sons)UF Men tally hand i cappedBT Dis abledNT Men tally ill

Men tally re tardedRT De men tia

Men tally Hand i cappedUse MEN TALLY DIS ABLED

MEN TALLY ILL(1974; MeSH map = Men tal dis or ders)UF Emo tion ally dis turbedBT Men tally dis abled

Pa tientsRT Be hav ior dis or ders+

De pres sive dis or derMen tal health

Schizo phre nia

MEN TALLY RE TARDED(1974; MeSH map = Men tal re tar da tion)BT Men tally dis abledRT Down syn drome

METAETHICS(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)BT Eth ics

MET A PHOR(1997; MeSH map = same)SN The ap pli ca tion of a con cept to which it is not

lit er ally ap pli ca ble but which sug gests a re sem -blance and in vites comparison

METH ODS(1975; MeSH map = same)NT Eth i cal anal y sis+

Teach ing meth odsRT Re search de sign

MI CRO BI OL OGY(1979; MeSH map = same)UF Mi cro or gan isms

Pat ent ing life forms†BT Bi ol ogy

Mi cro or gan ismsUse MI CRO BI OL OGY

Mid wivesUse NURSE MID WIVES

MIL I TARY PER SON NEL(1974; MeSH map = same)RT War+

MI NOR ITY GROUPS(1974; MeSH map = same)NT Amer i can In di ans

Asian Amer i cansBlacksHis panic Amer i cansJews

RT Dis ad van taged+Vul ner a ble pop u la tions

MI NORS(1981; MeSH map = Ad o les cence)SN Per sons who have not at tained the age at which

full civil rights are ac cordedNT Ad o les cents

Chil dren+In fantsNew borns

RT Age fac torsVul ner a ble pop u la tions

MIS CON DUCT(1981)SN Vi o la tion of laws, reg u la tions, or pro fes sional

stan dardsNT Fraud

Sci en tific mis con ductRT Con flict of in ter est+

De cep tionMal prac tice+Moral com plic ityRet ro spec tive moral judg mentWhistle blow ing

MODEL LEG IS LA TION(1974; MeSH map = Leg is la tion)BT Leg is la tion

MOD ELS, THEORECTICAL(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Rep re sen ta tions of the be hav ior, ac tiv ity, or

char ac ter is tics of sys tems, pro cesses, orphenomena

Mon gol ismUse DOWN SYN DROME

MORAL COM PLIC ITY(1992; MeSH map = Mor als)SN As so ci a tion with or par tic i pa tion in an act that

is, or is per ceived to be, im moralRT Con science

Mis con duct+



MORAL DE VEL OP MENT(1986; MeSH map = Mor als)SN The pro cess by which in di vid u als in ter nal ize

stan dards of right and wrong conductRT Car ing

Con scienceVal ues

MORAL OB LI GA TIONS(1974; MeSH map = So cial re spon si bil ity)UF Ob li ga tions to fu ture gen er a tions†

Prima fa cie ob li ga tionsRe spon si bil i ties

NT Ob li ga tions of so ci etyOb li ga tions to so ci ety

RT Eth ics+Hu man rightsLe gal ob li ga tionsMoral pol icyVir tues

MORAL POL ICY(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)SN A value-based course of ac tion de signed to re -

solve an eth i cal di lemmaRT Eth i cal anal y sis+

Moral ob li ga tions+Pol icy anal y sisPub lic pol icy

MO RAL ITY(1974; MeSH map = Mor als)SN Gen er ally ac cepted stan dards of right and

wrong con ductRT Eth ics+

Ret ro spec tive moral judg ment

MOR BID ITY(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The ex tent of ill ness, in jury, or dis abil ity in a

de fined pop u la tion; or, the qual ity or state ofbe ing diseased

BT Sta tis ticsRT Dis ease

Prev a lence

MOR TAL ITY(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The num ber of deaths in a given pop u la tion dur -

ing a given pe riod of time or from a par tic u larcause

UF Death rateBT Sta tis tics

MOTHER FE TUS RE LA TION SHIP(1974)RT Fe tuses+

Preg nant women

MOTH ERS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Fe males

Par entsNT Sur ro gate moth ers

MO TI VA TION(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Drive sat is fac tionRT In cen tives

In ten tion

Mo tor Neu ron Dis easeUse AMYOTROPHIC LAT ERAL SCLE RO SIS

MUL TI PLE PREG NANCY(1989; MeSH map = Preg nancy, mul ti ple)UF Preg nancy, mul ti pleRT Twins

MU NIC I PAL GOV ERN MENT(1976; MeSH map = same)UF City gov ern mentRT Fed eral gov ern ment

State gov ern ment

Mur derUse KILL ING

MyelomeningoceleUse SPINA BIFIDA

NAR RA TIVE ETH ICS(1997)SN An ap proach to eth ics that fo cuses on the par tic -

u lar and the per sonal in the life story of anin di vid ual

BT Eth icsRT Case stud ies

NA TIONAL HEALTH IN SUR ANCE(1978; MeSH map = Na tional health pro grams)BT Health in sur anceRT Gov ern ment fi nanc ing

State med i cine

NA TIONAL SO CIAL ISM(1976; MeSH map = Po lit i cal sys tems)UF Ho lo caust

Na zismBT Po lit i cal sys tems

Na tive Amer i cansUse AMER I CAN IN DI ANS



NAT U RAL LAW(1974)SN Rules of con duct de rived from na ture and con -

sid ered to be bind ing upon hu man so ci ety in the ab sence of, or in ad di tion to, in sti tu tional law

RT Eth ics+

Na zismUse NA TIONAL SO CIAL ISM

NEG LI GENCE(1974; MeSH map = Mal prac tice)SN In law or eth ics, fail ure to ex er cise a rea son able

de gree of care in one’s ac tionsBT Mal prac tice

Ne groesUse BLACKS

NeomortsUse BRAIN DEATH

Ne o natesUse NEW BORNS

NeoplasmsUse CAN CER

Neoplasms, BreastUse BREAST CAN CER

NEU RAL TUBE DE FECTS(1981; MeSH map = same)BT Con gen i tal dis or dersNT Anencephaly

Spina bifidaRT Ge netic dis or ders+

NEW BORNS(1974; MeSH map = In fant, new born)SN Age des ig na tion for hu mans dur ing the first

month of postnatal lifeUF Ne o natesBT Mi norsRT Chil dren+

In fantsLow birth weightPrematurity

No Code Or dersUse RE SUS CI TA TION OR DERS

Nondirective Coun sel ingUse DI REC TIVE COUN SEL ING

NonmaleficenceUse BE NEF I CENCE

NONTHERAPEUTIC RE SEARCH(1974; MeSH map = Hu man ex per i men ta tion)SN Re search that is not in tended to ben e fit the sub -

ject on whom it is per formedBT Hu man ex per i men ta tionRT Ther a peu tic re search

NOR MAL ITY(1974)RT Ge netic en hance ment

Health+

Nor ma tive Eth icsUse ETH I CAL THE ORY

No ti fi ca tionCon sider CON FI DEN TI AL ITY and DIS CLO SURE, CON TACT TRAC ING, DUTY TO WARN, MAN- DATORY RE PORT ING, PA REN TAL NOTIFICA-TION, SPOUSAL NOTIFICATION

NU CLEAR EN ERGY(1978; MeSH map = same)UF Atomic en ergyRT Ra di a tion

NU CLEAR WAR FARE(1982; MeSH map = same)UF Atomic war fareBT WarRT Ra di a tion

NURSE MID WIVES(1980; MeSH map = same)UF Mid wivesBT Nurses

NURSE PA TIENT RE LA TION SHIP(1984; MeSH map = Nurse-pa tient re la tions)BT Pro fes sional pa tient re la tion shipRT In ves ti ga tor sub ject re la tion ship

Phy si cian pa tient re la tion ship

Nurse phy si cian re la tion shipUse PHY SI CIAN NURSE RE LA TION SHIP

NURSE’S ROLE(1998)SN The ex pected and char ac ter is tic be hav ior of a

nurse as a mem ber of the nurs ing pro fes sionRT Nurses+



NURSES(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Health per son nelNT Nurse mid wivesRT Nurse’s role

Nurs ing re searchPhy si cians

Nurs ing CareUse PA TIENT CARE

NURS ING ED U CA TION(1974; MeSH map = Ed u ca tion, nurs ing)BT Ed u ca tionRT Health ed u ca tion+

Med i cal ed u ca tion+

NURS ING ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics, nurs ing)SN The set of moral prin ci ples that gov ern, or

should gov ern, nurs ing prac ticeUF Eth ics, nurs ingBT Bioethics

Pro fes sional eth icsRT Clin i cal eth ics

Codes of eth icsMed i cal eth ics

NURS ING HOMES(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Fa cil i ties that pro vide nurs ing su per vi sion and

lim ited med i cal care to per sons who do not re -quire hos pi tal iza tion

BT Res i den tial fa cil i tiesRT Long-term care

NURS ING RE SEARCH(1997; MeSH map = same)SN Re search car ried out by nurses, gen er ally in

clin i cal set tings, in the ar eas of clin i cal prac tice, eval u a tion, nurs ing ed u ca tion, nurs ing ad min is -tra tion, and methodology

RT Be hav ioral re searchBio med i cal re search+Health ser vices re searchHu man ex per i men ta tion+Nurses+

NU TRI TION(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The sci ence of food, the nu tri ents and other sub -

stances con tained therein, their ac tion, in ter ac -tion, and bal ance in re la tion to health anddisease

NT Ar ti fi cial feed ingFood

RT Force feed ing

OB LI GA TIONS OF SO CI ETY(1975; MeSH map = So cial re spon si bil ity)BT Moral ob li ga tionsRT Ob li ga tions to so ci ety

Ob li ga tions to Fu ture Gen er a tionsUse MORAL OB LI GA TIONS and

FU TURE GEN ER A TIONS

OB LI GA TIONS TO SO CI ETY(1975; MeSH map = So cial re spon si bil ity)BT Moral ob li ga tionsRT Ac count abil ity

CommunitarianismOb li ga tions of so ci ety

OB STET RICS AND GY NE COL OGY(1974)BT Med i cal spe cial ties

OC CU PA TIONAL EX PO SURE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Ex po sure to po ten tially harm ful chem i cal, phys -

i cal, or bi o log i cal agents that oc curs as a re sultof one’s occupation

RT AIDSCom mu ni ca ble dis eases+Em ploy mentHealth haz ardsHIV seropositivityOc cu pa tional med i cinePre con cep tion in ju riesPre na tal in ju ries

OC CU PA TIONAL MED I CINE(1981; MeSH map = same)SN The branch of med i cine con cerned with the pro -

mo tion and main te nance of the phys i cal andmen tal health of em ploy ees in an oc cu pa tionalsetting

UF In dus trial med i cineBT Med i cal spe cial tiesRT Em ploy ment

In dus try+Oc cu pa tional ex po sure

Omis sion of Treat mentUse WITH HOLD ING TREAT MENT

OP ER ANT CON DI TION ING(1974; MeSH map = Con di tion ing, op er ant)SN Mod i fi ca tion of be hav ior through the use of

pos i tive and/or neg a tive re in force mentUF Be hav ior mod i fi ca tionBT Be hav ior con trol

OPH THAL MOL OGY(1980; MeSH map = same)



SN The branch of med i cine con cerned with the eye, its dis eases, and re frac tive er rors

BT Med i cal spe cial tiesRT Eye dis eases

Or gan BanksUse TIS SUE BANKS

OR GAN DO NA TION(1974; MeSH map = Tis sue do nors)UF Ca daver or gan do na tion†

Or gan pro cure mentBT Tis sue do na tionRT Blood do na tion

Di rected do na tionOr gan do norsOr gan trans plan ta tionPre sumed con sentRe quired re quest

OR GAN DO NORS(1974; MeSH map = Tis sue do nors)UF Liv ing do norsBT Do norsRT Or gan do na tion

Or gan Pro cure mentUse OR GAN DO NA TION

Or gan Trans plant Re cip i entsUse TRANS PLANT RE CIP I ENTS

OR GAN TRANS PLAN TA TION(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Heart trans plan ta tion†

Kid ney trans plan ta tion†Liver trans plan ta tion†Re nal trans plan ta tion†Xenografts†

BT Bio med i cal tech nol o giesTis sue trans plan ta tion

RT Or gan do na tionRetreatment

OR GA NI ZA TION AND AD MIN IS TRA TION(1994; MeSH map = same)SN The plan ning and man ag ing of pro grams, com -

mit tees, ser vices, and re sourcesNT Com mit tee mem ber shipRT Ad min is tra tors

Pro gram de scrip tions

Or ga ni za tional Eth icsUse IN STI TU TIONAL ETH ICS

OR GA NI ZA TIONAL POL I CIES(1974; MeSH map = Or ga ni za tional pol icy)

SN Po si tions on is sues taken by groups such as pro -fes sional and vol un tary health as so ci a tions

RT Guide lines+In sti tu tional pol i ciesPub lic pol icy

Out come As sess mentUse TREAT MENT OUT COME

OUT PA TIENT COM MIT MENT(1987; MeSH map = Com mit ment of men tally ill)SN Le gally man dated out pa tient treat ment of the

men tally illBT In vol un tary com mit ment

OVUM(1980; MeSH map = same)UF EggBT Germ cellsRT Ovum do nors

OVUM DO NORS(1975; MeSH map = Tis sue do nors)UF Egg do norsBT Do nors

Fe malesRT Em bryo trans fer

In vi tro fer til iza tionOvumSe men do norsSur ro gate moth ers

Own er shipUse PROP ERTY RIGHTS

PAIN(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Suf fer ing

PAL LIA TIVE CARE(1997; MeSH map = same)SN Care that al le vi ates symp toms with out cur ing

the un der ly ing diseaseBT Pa tient careRT Hos pices

Ter mi nal care

PA RAL Y SIS(1998; MeSH map = same)SN Loss or im pair ment of mo tor func tion in a part

or parts of the body due to a le sion of the neu ral or mus cu lar mech a nism

RT Amyotrophic lat eral scle ro sisPhys i cally dis abled

Para med i cal Per son nelUse AL LIED HEALTH PER SON NEL



PAR ENT CHILD RE LA TION SHIP(1974; MeSH map = Par ent-child re la tions)BT Fam ily re la tion shipRT Adop tion

PA REN TAL CON SENT(1974; MeSH map = In formed con sent)SN In formed con sent given by a par ent on be half of

a mi nor or oth er wise le gally in com pe tent childBT Third party con sentRT Pa ren tal no ti fi ca tion

Par ents+

PA REN TAL NO TI FI CA TION(1984; MeSH map = Par ents)SN Re port ing to par ents about care to be pro vided

to a mi norBT Dis clo sureRT Pa ren tal con sent

Par ents+Spousal no ti fi ca tion

Parenteral Feed ingUse AR TI FI CIAL FEED ING

PAR ENTS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Fam ily mem bersNT Fa thers

Moth ers+RT Pa ren tal con sent

Pa ren tal no ti fi ca tion

Par tial-Birth Abor tionUse ABOR TION, IN DUCED and

FE TAL DE VEL OP MENT andMETH ODS

Part ner No ti fi ca tionUse CON TACT TRAC ING

Pas sive Eu tha na siaUse AL LOW ING TO DIE

PAS TO RAL CARE(1984; MeSH map = same)SN Coun sel ing or com fort given by mem bers of the

clergy to pa tients in stress ful sit u a tionsRT Clergy

Coun sel ing+Re li gion

Pat ent ing Life FormsUse PAT ENTS and

(MI CRO BI OL OGY orTRANS GEN IC AN I MALS or TRANS GEN ICOR GAN ISMS)

PAT ENTS(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Pat ent ing life forms†RT Prop erty rights

Pa ter nal Con sentUse SPOUSAL CON SENT

Pa ter nal No ti fi ca tionUse SPOUSAL NO TI FI CA TION

PA TER NAL ISM(1977)SN The set ting of lim its on in di vid ual au ton omy in

an ef fort to ben e fit, or to pre vent harm to, theper son whose au ton omy is limited

RT Di rec tive coun sel ing

PA TIENT AC CESS TO RE CORDS(1974; MeSH map = Pa tient ad vo cacy)SN Ac cess by pa tients to their own med i cal, ge -

netic, or other health-re lated re cordsBT Pa tients’ rightsRT Con fi den ti al ity+

Re cords+Truth dis clo sure

PA TIENT AD MIS SION(1985; MeSH map = same)SN Ac cep tance of a pa tient by a hos pi tal or other

health fa cil ityRT Pa tient dis charge

Pa tient trans ferSe lec tion for treat ment+

PA TIENT AD VO CACY(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Pro mo tion and pro tec tion of the rights of pa -

tients by an in sti tu tion ally-ap pointed orself-des ig nated per son or group

RT Pa tients’ rights+

PA TIENT CARE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN In cludes med i cal and nurs ing careUF Nurs ing careNT Ad vance care plan ning+

Emer gency careFe tal ther apyHome careLong-term carePal lia tive carePhys i cal re straintPsy cho ther apyRe ha bil i ta tionRetreatmentSur gery+Ter mi nal care

RT Al ter na tive ther a pies



Car ingDen tistryHealth care+Pa tient care teamPrac tice guide linesRe fusal to treat

PA TIENT CARE TEAM(1989; was HEALTH PER SON NEL, 1974-88;

MeSH map = same)SN A multidisciplinary team in which each mem ber

of the team has spe cific re spon si bil i ties and thewhole team con trib utes to the care of the patient

BT Health per son nelRT Pa tient care+

PA TIENT COM PLI ANCE(1990; MeSH map = same)SN Co op er a tion of the pa tient in fol low ing a pre -

scribed reg i menNT Treat ment re fusalRT Self in duced ill ness

PA TIENT DIS CHARGE(1998; MeSH map = same)SN Dis charge of a pa tient from a hos pi tal or other

health fa cil ityRT Pa tient ad mis sion

Pa tient trans fer

Pa tient Dump ingUse PA TIENT TRANS FER

PA TIENT ED U CA TION(1998; MeSH map = same)SN The teach ing or train ing of pa tients about their

own health care needs of about use of healthcare ser vices, ad vance di rec tives, etc.

BT Health ed u ca tionRT Coun sel ing+

PA TIENT PAR TIC I PA TION(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Pub lic par tic i pa tion

PA TIENT SAT IS FAC TION(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The de gree to which the in di vid ual re gards the

health care ser vice or prod uct or the man ner inwhich it is de liv ered by the pro vider as use ful,ef fec tive, or beneficial

RT At ti tudes+

PA TIENT TRANS FER(1990; MeSH map = same)SN Interfacility trans fer of pa tients, usu ally for eco -

nomic rea sonsUF Pa tient dump ingRT Pa tient ad mis sion

Pa tient dis chargeSe lec tion for treat ment+

PA TIENTS(1974; MeSH map = same)NT Chron i cally ill

Crit i cally illMen tally illTer mi nally ill

RT Re search sub jectsVul ner a ble pop u la tions

PA TIENTS’ RIGHTS(1974; MeSH map = Pa tient ad vo cacy)SN Fun da men tal claims of pa tients, as ex pressed in

stat utes, dec la ra tions, or gen er ally ac ceptedmoral principles

BT RightsNT Con fi den ti al ity+

In formed con sent+Pa tient ac cess to re cordsTreat ment re fusalTruth dis clo sure

RT Pa tient ad vo cacyRight to die

PE DI AT RICS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Med i cal spe cial ties

PEER RE VIEW(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The eval u a tion by pro fes sion als of the qual ity

of work per formed by fel low pro fes sion alsBT Self reg u la tion

Qual ity of health care

PER SIS TENT VEG E TA TIVE STATE(1977; MeSH map = same)SN A chronic neu ro log i cal con di tion char ac ter ized

by loss of up per cor ti cal func tion, pres ence ofsleep-wake cy cles, and lack of aware ness andmean ing ful responsiveness

UF ComaPVSVeg e ta tive state, per sis tent

RT Brain death

PERSONHOOD(1974; MeSH map = In di vid u al ity)SN De scrip tively, the sta tus of be ing self-aware, ca -

pa ble of ra tio nal thought and of moral agency;nor ma tively, the sta tus of be ingac corded moral and/or le gal rights

UF Hu man nessRT Be gin ning of life

Ge netic iden tityHu man char ac ter is ticsSelf con cept



Phar ma ceu ti cal In dus tryUse DRUG IN DUS TRY

PHAR MA CISTS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Health per son nel

PHENYLKETONURIA(1974; MeSH map = same)UF PKUBT Ge netic dis or ders

PHI LOS O PHY(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Communitarianism

Eth ics+Hu man ismLib er tar i an ismThe ol ogy

PHYS I CAL RE STRAINT(1989; MeSH map = Re straint, phys i cal)SN Use of a de vice for the pur pose of pre vent ing an

in di vid ual from mov ing all or part of the bodyBT Be hav ior con trol

Pa tient care

PHYS I CALLY DIS ABLED(1974; MeSH map = Dis abled per sons)UF Phys i cally hand i cappedBT Dis abledRT Amyotrophic lat eral scle ro sis

Pa ral y sis

Phys i cally Hand i cappedUse PHYS I CALLY DIS ABLED

PHY SI CIAN NURSE RE LA TION SHIP(1978; MeSH map = Phy si cian-nurse re la tions)UF Nurse phy si cian re la tion shipBT Interprofessional re la tions

PHY SI CIAN PA TIENT RE LA TION SHIP(1974; MeSH map = Phy si cian-pa tient re la tions)BT Pro fes sional pa tient re la tion shipRT In ves ti ga tor sub ject re la tion ship

Nurse pa tient re la tion ship

PHY SI CIAN SELF-RE FER RAL(1995; ret ro spec tively added by search al go rithm to many pre-1995 re cords; MeSH map = same)SN Re fer ral by phy si cians to test ing or treat ment fa -

cil i ties in which they have a fi nan cial interestBT Con flict of in ter est

Re fer ral and con sul ta tionRT En tre pre neur ship

Pro pri etary health fa cil i ties+

PHY SI CIAN’S ROLE(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Phy si cians

PHY SI CIANS(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Doc torsBT Health per son nelRT In tern ship and res i dency

Med i cal spe cial ties+Med i cine+Nurses+Phy si cian’s role

PKUUse PHENYLKETONURIA

PLA CE BOS(1975; MeSH map = same)SN Bi o log i cally in ac tive sub stances used for their

psy cho log i cal ef fect in pa tient care or as con trol agents in research

RT Drugs+

Plas tic Sur geryUse COS METIC SUR GERY

Plu ral ism, Cul turalUse CUL TURAL PLU RAL ISM

POL ICY ANAL Y SIS(1991; MeSH map = Pol icy mak ing)SN In di cates that the doc u ment con tains sub stan tive

ar gu men ta tion con cern ing moral and/or pub licpol icy, or that it de scribes the pro cess of policymaking

RT Eth i cal anal y sis+Moral pol icyPub lic pol icy

PO LIO MY ELI TIS(1977; MeSH map = same)BT Com mu ni ca ble dis eases

PO LIT I CAL AC TIV ITY(1977; MeSH map = Pol i tics)SN Ac tions by in di vid ual cit i zens or by in ter est

groups, de signed to in flu ence gov ern mentpolicies

UF Pub lic ad vo cacyRT Dis sent

PO LIT I CAL SYS TEMS(1978; MeSH map = same)NT Cap i tal ism

Com mu nismDe moc racyNa tional So cial ism



So cial ism

POL I TICS(1975; MeSH map = same)SN Ac tions by gov ern ment of fi cials or bod ies in the

de vel op ment of pub lic policy

Pol lu tionUse ECOL OGY

Poor Per sonsUse INDIGENTS

POP U LA TION CON TROL(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Reg u la tion of the growth and dis tri bu tion of

peo ple in a coun try or regionRT Fam ily plan ning+

POST HU MOUS RE PRO DUC TION(1999)SN Giv ing rise to off spring af ter one’s death, that

is, from ga metes that have been col lected andstored dur ing life or im me di ately af ter death

BT Re pro duc tionRe pro duc tive tech nol o gies+

RT Death+

Post mor tem Ex am i na tionsUse AU TOP SIES

Pov ertyUse INDIGENTS

PowerUse SO CIAL DOM I NANCE

PRAC TICE GUIDE LINES(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Di rec tions or prin ci ples, de vel oped by con sen -

sus of ex perts, pre sent ing cur rent or fu ture rules of pol icy for the health care prac ti tio ner to as sist in pa tient care de ci sions re gard ing di ag no sis,ther apy, or re lated clinical circumstances

BT Guide linesRT Pa tient care+

PRE CON CEP TION IN JU RIES(1978; MeSH map = Pre na tal ex po sure de layed

ef fects)SN In ju ries to off spring at trib uted to dam age sus -

tained by ei ther par ent be fore the start of preg -nancy

BT In ju riesRT Oc cu pa tional ex po sure

Pre na tal in ju ries

Preg nancy, Mul ti pleUse MUL TI PLE PREG NANCY

PREG NANT WOMEN(1974; MeSH map = Preg nancy)BT Fe malesRT Fe tuses+

Ma ter nal healthMother fe tus re la tion ship

PREIMPLANTATION DI AG NO SIS(1991; MeSH map = same)SN De ter mi na tion of the ge netic makeup of an early

hu man em bryo, prior to im plan ta tionBT Pre na tal di ag no sis

Pre ferred Pro vider Or ga ni za tionsUse MAN AGED CARE PRO GRAMS

PREMATURITY(1974; MeSH map = In fant, pre ma ture)RT Low birth weight

New borns

Pre na tal De vel op mentUse FE TAL DE VEL OP MENT

PRE NA TAL DI AG NO SIS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN De ter mi na tion of fe tal sta tus prior to birthUF Al pha-fetoprotein screen ing

An te na tal di ag no sisBT Di ag no sis

Ge netic ser vicesNT Am nio cen te sis

Cho ri onic villi sam plingPreimplantation di ag no sisSex de ter mi na tion

RT Fe tal ther apyGe netic coun sel ingGe netic screen ing

PRE NA TAL IN JU RIES(1974; MeSH map = Pre na tal ex po sure de layed

ef fects)UF An te na tal in ju riesBT In ju riesRT Oc cu pa tional ex po sure

Pre con cep tion in ju riesWrong ful life

PRE SUMED CON SENT(1986; MeSH map = In formed con sent)SN An in sti tu tional pol icy of grant ing au thor ity to

health per son nel to per form pro ce dures on pa -tients or to re move or gans from ca dav ers fortrans plan ta tion un less an ob jec tion is reg is teredby fam ily mem bers or the patient prior to death



RT Or gan do na tionRe quired re questIn formed con sent+

PREV A LENCE(1991; MeSH map = same)SN The num ber of cases of a given dis ease in a

spec i fied pop u la tion at a des ig nated timeBT Sta tis ticsRT Mor bid ity

PRE VEN TIVE MED I CINE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The branch of med i cine con cerned with the pre -

ven tion of dis ease and the pro mo tion and pres -er va tion of health

BT Med i cineNT Health pro mo tion+

Pub lic health

Prima Fa cie Ob li ga tionsUse MORAL OB LI GA TIONS

PRI MARY HEALTH CARE(1992; MeSH map = same)SN Health care pro vided by the pro fes sional who is

a pa tient’s ini tial con tact with the health caresys tem and who may re fer the pa tient to a spe -cial ist

BT Health care

PRI MATES(1990; MeSH map = same)RT An i mal ex per i men ta tion

PRIN CI PLE-BASED ETH ICS(1998)SN An ap proach to eth i cal the ory that fo cuses on

the im por tance of gen eral moral prin ci ples (forex am ple, re spect for au ton omy, be nef i -cence/nonmaleficence, and justice)

BT Eth i cal the oryRT Au ton omy+

Be nef i cenceJus tice

Pri or i ties in Health CareUse RE SOURCE AL LO CA TION

PRIS ON ERS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT In sti tu tion al ized per sonsRT Law en force ment

Vul ner a ble pop u la tions

PRI VACY(1974; MeSH map = same)

SN Free dom from un au tho rized over sight or ob ser -va tion

BT Le gal rightsRT Con fi den ti al ity+

Priv i leged com mu ni ca tion

Pri vate (Profit-Mak ing) Health Fa cil i tiesUse PRO PRI ETARY HEALTH FA CIL I TIES

Pri vate (Profit-Mak ing) Hos pi talsUse PRO PRI ETARY HOS PI TALS

PRI VATE SEC TOR(1999; MeSH map = same)SN The part of the in sti tu tional, in dus trial, or eco -

nomic struc ture of a coun try that is con trolled or owned by nongovernmental in ter ests

RT Eco nom ics+In dus try+

PRIV I LEGED COM MU NI CA TION(1974; MeSH map = Con fi den ti al ity)SN In law, a con fi den tial state ment made to a law -

yer, phy si cian, pas tor, or spouse, which is priv i -leged against dis clo sure in court if the priv i legeis claimed by the cli ent, pa tient, pen i tent, orspouse

BT Com mu ni ca tionRT Con fi den ti al ity+

Le gal as pects+Pri vacy

Pro cre ationUse RE PRO DUC TION

PRO FES SIONAL AU TON OMY(1996; MeSH map = same)SN The qual ity or state of be ing in de pend ent and

self-di rect ing, es pe cially in mak ing de ci sions,that en ables pro fes sion als to ex er cise judg mentas they see fit dur ing the per for mance of theirduties

BT Au ton omy

PRO FES SIONAL COM PE TENCE(1975; was TECH NI CAL EX PER TISE, 1974;

MeSH map = same)SN The abil ity to per form the du ties of one+s pro -

fes sion with an ac cept able de gree of skillNT Tech ni cal ex per tiseRT Whistle blow ing

Pro fes sional Dom i nanceUse SO CIAL DOM I NANCE

PRO FES SIONAL ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics, pro fes sional)



SN Moral prin ci ples that ap ply to pro fes sionalgroups

UF Eth ics, pro fes sionalBT Eth icsNT Med i cal eth ics

Nurs ing eth icsRT Bioethics+

Clin i cal eth icsCodes of eth ics

PRO FES SIONAL FAM ILY RE LA TION SHIP(1997; MeSH map = Pro fes sional-fam ily re la tions)SN In ter ac tion be tween pa tients’ fam i lies and

health pro fes sion alsRT Pro fes sional pa tient re la tion ship+

PRO FES SIONAL OR GA NI ZA TIONS(1975; MeSH map = So ci et ies)

PRO FES SIONAL PA TIENT RE LA TION SHIP(1974; MeSH map = Pro fes sional-pa tient re la tions)SN In ter ac tion be tween pa tients and health pro fes -

sion alsNT Nurse pa tient re la tion ship

Phy si cian pa tient re la tion shipRT Car ing

Cov e nantInterprofessional re la tions+In ves ti ga tor sub ject re la tion shipPro fes sional fam ily re la tion ship

Pro fes sional Stan dardsUse STAN DARDS

Profit-Mak ing Health Fa cil i tiesUse PRO PRI ETARY HEALTH FA CIL I TIES

Profit-Mak ing Hos pi talsUse PRO PRI ETARY HOS PI TALS

PROG NO SIS(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Fu til ity

Treat ment out comeRT Un cer tainty

PRO GRAM DE SCRIP TIONS(1974)RT Or ga ni za tion and ad min is tra tion+

PRO LON GA TION OF LIFE(1974; MeSH map = Life sup port care)SN The use of ther a peu tic mea sures to pre vent or

de lay the death of crit i cally or ter mi nally illpatients

NT Re sus ci ta tionRT Al low ing to die+

Eu tha na sia+

Life ex ten sionWith hold ing treat ment

PROP ERTY RIGHTS(1974; MeSH map = Civil rights)UF Own er shipBT Le gal rightsRT Com modi fi ca tion

Pat ents

PRO PRI ETARY HEALTH FA CIL I TIES(1992; MeSH map = Health fa cil i ties, pro pri etary)SN Health care fa cil i ties (in clud ing di ag nos tic cen -

ters and clin i cal lab o ra to ries) that are pri vatelyowned and that op er ate on a for-profit basis

UF Pri vate (profit-mak ing) health fa cil i tiesProfit-mak ing health fa cil i ties

BT Health fa cil i tiesNT Pro pri etary hos pi talsRT Con flict of in ter est+

Eco nom ics+En tre pre neur ship

PRO PRI ETARY HOS PI TALS(1974; MeSH map = Hos pi tals, pro pri etary)SN Hos pi tals that are pri vately owned and that op -

er ate on a for-profit ba sisUF Pri vate (profit-mak ing) hos pi tals

Profit-mak ing hos pi talsBT Hos pi tals

Pro pri etary health fa cil i ties

PROTESTANT ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Chris tian ity)BT Chris tian eth icsRT Prot es tants

PROT ES TANTS(1974; MeSH map = Chris tian ity)RT Protestant eth ics

Re li gionRo man Ca thol i cism

Proxy Con sentUse THIRD PARTY CON SENT

PSY CHI AT RIC DI AG NO SIS(1974; MeSH map = Men tal dis or ders)BT Di ag no sis

Psy chi at ric In di ca tions for Abor tionUse THER A PEU TIC ABOR TION and

MEN TAL HEALTH

PSY CHI AT RIC WILLS(1994; MeSH map = Wills)



SN Dec la ra tions in which per sons as sert in ad vance their de sire to ac cept or re ject psy chi at ric in ter -ven tions that they may be deemed to re quire inthe future

BT Ad vance di rec tives

PSY CHI A TRY(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Med i cal spe cial tiesRT Psy chol ogy

Psy cho ther apy

PSY CHO AC TIVE DRUGS(1974; MeSH map = Psychotropic drugs)SN Phar ma co log i cal agents which af fect the mind

or al ter states of con scious nessBT DrugsNT Her oin

LSD

Psy cho log i cal Re searchUse BE HAV IORAL RE SEARCH

PSY CHO LOG I CAL STRESS(1974; MeSH map = Stress, psy cho log i cal)BT Emo tionsRT Suf fer ing+

PSY CHOL OGY(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Psy chi a try

Psy cho ther apy

PSYCHOSURGERY(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Treat ment of psy chi at ric dis or ders by the sur gi -

cal re moval of ce re bral tis sue or by the in ter rup -tion of path ways in the brain

BT Be hav ior con trolSur gery

RT Psy cho ther apy

PSY CHO THER APY(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Pa tient careRT Coun sel ing+

Elec tri cal stim u la tion of the brainElectroconvulsive ther apyGroup ther apyPsy chi a tryPsy chol ogyPsychosurgery

Pub lic Ad vo cacyUse PO LIT I CAL AC TIV ITY

PUB LIC HEALTH(1974; MeSH map = same)

SN Pro tec tion and im prove ment of com mu nityhealth, or pre ven tion of dis ease, by or ga nizedcom mu nity or gov ern ment effort

BT HealthPre ven tive med i cine

NT Health ed u ca tion+Im mu ni za tionMass screen ing

RT Com mu ni ca ble dis eases+Con tact trac ingEp i de mi ol ogyMan da tory re port ingQuar an tineReg is tries

PUB LIC HOS PI TALS(1974; MeSH map = Hos pi tals, pub lic)SN Hos pi tals con trolled by fed eral, state, or lo cal

gov ern mentsBT Hos pi talsRT Pro pri etary hos pi tals

PUB LIC OPIN ION(1974; MeSH map = same)BT In for mal so cial con trolRT At ti tudes+

Con sen sus

PUB LIC PAR TIC I PA TION(1974; MeSH map = Con sumer par tic i pa tion)UF Com mu nity par tic i pa tion

Con sumer par tic i pa tionRT Pa tient par tic i pa tion

PUB LIC POL ICY(1974; MeSH map = same)SN A course of ac tion by a gov ern mentUF Gov ern ment pol icyRT In sti tu tional pol i cies

Moral pol icyOr ga ni za tional pol i ciesPol icy anal y sis

PUB LIC SEC TOR(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The part of a na tion’s econ omy that is tax-sup -

ported and un der gov ern ment con trolRT Eco nom ics+

Pub li ca tion Pol i ciesUse ED I TO RIAL POL I CIES

PUN ISH MENT(1976; MeSH map = same)

PVSUse PER SIS TENT VEG E TA TIVE STATE



QALYsUse QUAL ITY AD JUSTED LIFE YEARS

QUAL ITY AD JUSTED LIFE YEARS(1990; MeSH map = Qual ity-ad justed life years)SN A mea sure ment in dex de rived from a mod i fi ca -

tion of stan dard life-ta ble pro ce dures and de -signed to take ac count of the qual ity as well asthe du ra tion of sur vival; this in dex can be usedin as sess ing the out come of health care pro ce -dures or services

UF QALYsRT Qual ity of life

Qual ity As sur anceUse QUAL ITY OF HEALTH CARE

Qual ity Con trolUse QUAL ITY OF HEALTH CARE

QUAL ITY OF HEALTH CARE(1994; MeSH map = same)UF Med i cal au dit

Qual ity as sur anceQual ity con trol

SN The ad e quacy of pa tient care or of health ser -vices, as mea sured against so cial or pro fes sional stan dards

RT Health care de liv ery+Peer re viewStan dards+Treat ment out come

QUAL ITY OF LIFE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The over all con di tion of a hu man lifeUF Life, qual ity ofRT Qual ity ad justed life years

Value of life+

Quan ti ta tive De ci sion Mak ingUse DE CI SION ANAL Y SIS

QUAR AN TINE(1988; was MAN DA TORY PRO GRAMS and

(COM MU NI CA BLE DIS EASES or PUB LIC HEALTH or name of a par tic u lar dis ease);

MeSH map = same)SN Lim i ta tion of the free dom of move ment of per -

sons who have been ex posed to a com mu ni ca ble dis ease (and, loosely, of pa tients and in fectedper sons), for the pur pose of pre vent ing thespread of disease

BT Man da tory pro gramsRT Com mu ni ca ble dis eases+

Pub lic health+

Rac ismUse SO CIAL DIS CRIM I NA TION

RA DI A TION(1975; MeSH map = same)RT Health haz ards

Nu clear en ergyNu clear war fare

RA DI OL OGY(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The branch of med i cine con cerned with the use

of x-rays, ra dio ac tive sub stances, and othertypes of ion iz ing ra di a tion in the di ag no sis andtreat ment of disease

BT Med i cal spe cial tiesMed i cine

RT Di ag no sis+

RAN DOM SE LEC TION(1974; MeSH map = Ran dom al lo ca tion)SN The use of chance in al lo cat ing re search sub -

jects to treat ment groupsRT Se lec tion of sub jects

RAPE(1980; was SEX OF FENSES, 1974-79;

MeSH map = same)BT Sex of fenses

Ra tion ing of Health CareUse RE SOURCE AL LO CA TION

RE CALL(1979; MeSH map = same)SN Re mem brance by a pa tient or re search sub ject

of in for ma tion given orally or in writ ingRT Com pre hen sion

RE COM BI NANT DNA RE SEARCH(1978; MeSH map = DNA, re com bi nant)SN Re search us ing bi o log i cally ac tive DNA which

has been formed in the lab o ra tory by the join ing of seg ments of DNA from dif fer ent sources

UF DNA recombinantsGe netic en gi neer ing

BT Ge netic re searchRT Con tain ment

Ge nome map pingTrans gen ic or gan isms+

RE CORDS(1978; MeSH map = same)NT Med i cal re cords

Reg is triesRT Com put ers+

Data banks+Pa tient ac cess to re cords

RE FER RAL AND CON SUL TA TION(1974; MeSH map = same)



SN The act or prac tice of send ing a pa tient to an -other pro gram or prac ti tio ner for ser vices or ad -vice which the re fer ring source is not pre paredto provide

UF Con sul ta tionNT Phy si cian self-re fer ralRT Gatekeeping

Re fusal of Treat mentUse TREAT MENT RE FUSAL

RE FUSAL TO TREAT(1989; MeSH map = same)SN Re fusal by a health pro fes sional or a health fa -

cil ity to treat a pa tient; the mo ti va tion is likelyto be bias or fear of in fec tion (con sider also SE -LEC TION FOR TREAT MENT, in which cri te -ria are used to ra tion re sources or to de ter minethe ap pro pri ate ness of treat ment for cat e go riesof pa tients; dif fer en ti ate from TREATMENTRE FUSAL, which orig i nates with the pa tientrather than with the health pro fes sional)

BT Se lec tion for treat mentRT Pa tient care+

Treat ment re fusalWith hold ing treat ment

RE GIONAL ETH ICS COM MIT TEES(1991; MeSH map = Eth ics com mit tees)SN Com mit tees es tab lished to pro tect the wel fare of

pa tients or re search sub jects at two or more fa -cil i ties in the same geo graphic area

BT Eth ics com mit teesRT Clin i cal eth ics com mit tees

Re search eth ics com mit tees

REG IS TRIES(1991; MeSH map = same)SN A col lec tion of of fi cial re cords, e.g., of the

names of or gan or tis sue do nors or of pa tientswith a par tic u lar dis ease or who have un der gone a par tic u lar treatment

BT Data banksRe cords

RT Ep i de mi ol ogyPub lic health+

REG U LA TION(1981; was SO CIAL CON TROL, 1974-80; MeSH

map = So cial con trol, for mal)BT So cial con trolNT Gov ern ment reg u la tion

Self reg u la tion+

Reg u la tion, Gov ern mentUse GOV ERN MENT REG U LA TION

RE HA BIL I TA TION(1990; MeSH map = same)

SN Res to ra tion of func tion, to the max i mum de gree pos si ble, of per sons suf fer ing from dis ease orinjury

BT Med i cinePa tient care

RT Chron i cally illDis abled+Long-term care

Rel a tivesUse FAM ILY MEM BERS

Rel a tiv ism, Eth i calUse ETH I CAL REL A TIV ISM

RE LI GION(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Chris tian Sci en tists

ClergyJe ho vah+s Wit nessesJewsPas to ral careProt es tantsRe li gious eth ics+Ro man Cath o licsThe ol ogy

RE LI GIOUS ETH ICS(1975; MeSH map = Re li gion)BT Eth icsNT Buddhhist eth ics

Chris tian eth ics+Hindu eth icsIs lamic eth icsJew ish eth ics

RT Re li gion

RE LI GIOUS HOS PI TALS(1974; MeSH map = Hos pi tals, re li gious)UF Cath o lic hos pi tals†BT Hos pi tals

RE MU NER A TION(1974; MeSH map = Fees and charges)SN Pay ment for a ser vice or for a com mod ity such

as a body partUF Di ag no sis re lated groups†BT Eco nom icsNT Med i cal feesRT Com modi fi ca tion

Com pen sa tionIn cen tives

RE NAL DI AL Y SIS(1974; MeSH map = Hemodialysis)UF Hemodialysis

Kid ney di al y sisBT Bio med i cal tech nol o gies



Re nal Dis easesUse KID NEY DIS EASES

Re nal Trans plan ta tionUse OR GAN TRANS PLAN TA TION and KID

NEYS

Re port ingCon sider CON FI DEN TI AL ITY and DIS CLO SURE, CON TACT TRAC ING, DUTY TO WARN, MAN DA TORY RE PORT ING, PA REN TALNO TI FI CA TION, SPOUSAL NOTIFICATION

RE PRO DUC TION(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Pro cre ationNT Post hu mous re pro duc tionRT Child birth+

In fer til ity

RE PRO DUC TIVE TECH NOL O GIES(1974; MeSH map = Re pro duc tion tech niques)BT Bio med i cal tech nol o giesNT Ar ti fi cial in sem i na tion

Clon ingEm bryo trans ferGa mete intrafallopian trans ferIn vi tro fer til iza tionPost hu mous re pro duc tionSex preselectionSur ro gate moth ers

RE QUIRED RE QUEST(1986; MeSH map = Or gan pro cure ment)SN An or gan pro cure ment pol icy based on the re -

quire ment that health per son nel rou tinely makein quiry of fam ily mem bers about the pos si bil ityof re mov ing or gans from a pa tient who has been de clared legally dead

RT Or gan do na tionMan da tory pro grams+Pre sumed con sentThird party con sent+

RE SEARCH DE SIGN(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Ex per i men tal de signRT Meth ods+

RE SEARCH EM BRYO CRE ATION(1996; MeSH map = Em bryo)SN The cre ation of em bryos, by in vi tro fer til iza -

tion, spe cif i cally for re search purposesRT Em bryo re search

RE SEARCH ETH ICS COM MIT TEES(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics com mit tees)

SN In sti tu tional com mit tees es tab lished to pro tectthe wel fare of re search subjects

UF In sti tu tional re view boardsIRBs

BT Eth ics com mit teesRT Clin i cal eth ics com mit tees

Re gional eth ics com mit tees

RE SEARCH IN STI TUTES(1974; MeSH map = Acad e mies and in sti tutes)RT Uni ver si ties

Re search Per son nelUse IN VES TI GA TORS

RE SEARCH SUB JECTS(1975; MeSH map = Hu man ex per i men ta tion)UF Ex per i men tal sub jectsRT Be hav ioral re search

Con trol groupsHu man ex per i men ta tion+Pa tients+Se lec tion of sub jectsVol un teers

Res i dencyUse IN TERN SHIP AND RES I DENCY

RES I DEN TIAL FA CIL I TIES(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Fa cil i ties that pro vide su per vi sion and as sis -

tance in ac tiv i ties of daily livingUF Half way houses

Homes for the aged†NT Nurs ing homesRT Health fa cil i ties+

Men tal in sti tu tions

RE SOURCE AL LO CA TION(1974; MeSH map = Health care ra tion ing)SN So ci etal or in sti tu tional de ci sions about the dis -

tri bu tion of avail able re sources to and withinhealth care

UF Al lo ca tion of re sourcesHealth care ra tion ingPri or i ties in health careRa tion ing of health care

RT Eco nom ics+GatekeepingHealth care de liv ery+RetreatmentScar citySe lec tion for treat ment+

Res pi ra torsUse VEN TI LA TORS



Re spon si bil i tiesUse AC COUNT ABIL ITY or

MORAL OB LI GA TIONS

RE SUS CI TA TION(1994; MeSH map = same)SN The re viv ing of pa tients from un con scious ness

or ap par ent death, e.g., by res to ra tion of breath -ing af ter re spi ra tory ar rest or of heart beat af tercardiac arrest

BT Pro lon ga tion of lifeRT Al low ing to die+

Emer gency careRe sus ci ta tion or ders

RE SUS CI TA TION OR DERS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN In struc tions, pol i cies, and de ci sion mak ing re -

gard ing the re viv ing of pa tients whose res pi ra -tion and/or heart beat have stopped

UF DNR or dersDo not re sus ci tate or dersNo code or ders

BT Al low ing to dieRT Fu til ity

Re sus ci ta tionWith hold ing treat ment

RetransplantationUse RETREATMENT

RETREATMENT(1997; MeSH map = same)SN Re peat treat ment of the same dis ease in a pa -

tient when the ini tial treat ment was un suc cess -ful; used in the con text of se lec tion fortreat ment when re sources are lim ited, as in thecase of or gan trans plan ta tion

UF RetransplantationBT Pa tient careRT Or gan trans plan ta tion

Re source al lo ca tionSe lec tion for treat ment

RET RO SPEC TIVE MORAL JUDG MENT(1997; MeSH map = Mor als)SN The ap pli ca tion of cur rent stan dards of mo ral ity

to past ac tions, in sti tu tions, or personsBT Eth i cal rel a tiv ismRT Mis con duct+

Mo ral ity

RE VIEW(1985; MeSH map = same, as a PT)SN Used as a tag to in di cate that the doc u ment pro -

vides a sub stan tive over view of bioethics or of a ma jor bioethical issue

RE VIEW COM MIT TEES(1977)

SN In sti tu tional com mit tees es tab lished to over seethe main te nance of safety stan dards in lab o ra -tory re search not in volv ing hu man sub jects, orother (non-eth ics) com mit tees re spon si ble formon i tor ing the maintenance of standards

UF In sti tu tional biosafety com mit teesRT Ad vi sory com mit tees

An i mal care com mit teesCom mit tee mem ber shipEth ics com mit tees+

RIGHT TO DIE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN A right claimed by pa tients or their rep re sen ta -

tives to make de ci sions with re gard to the pa -tient+s dy ing, such as by re fus ing life-sus tain ing med i cal care or by re quest ing as sis tance indying

RT Ad vance di rec tives+Al low ing to die+Pa tients’ rights+Sui cide+Treat ment re fusalVol un tary eu tha na sia

Right to LifeUse VALUE OF LIFE

RIGHT TO TREAT MENT(1974; MeSH map = Pa tient ad vo cacy)SN In law, the claim of per sons in vol un tarily in sti -

tu tion al ized on the ground of men tal hand i capto re ceive ap pro pri ate care for their con di tionsor diseases

BT Le gal rights

RIGHTS(1974; MeSH map = Hu man rights)NT An i mal rights

Hu man rightsLe gal rights+Pa tients’ rights+Women’s rights

RISK(1994; MeSH map = same)SN The prob a bil ity that an un fa vor able event will

oc cur; it en com passes a va ri ety of mea sures ofprob a bil ity in clud ing those based on sta tis ti caldata and those based on sub jec tive judgment

BT Sta tis ticsRT Risks and ben e fits

Un cer tainty

RISKS AND BEN E FITS(1974; MeSH map = Risk)UF Ben e fit harm cal cu lusRT Costs and ben e fits

Risk



RO MAN CATH O LIC ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Ca thol i cism)UF Cath o lic Church teach ings

Cath o lic hos pi tals†BT Chris tian eth icsRT Ro man Cath o lics

RO MAN CATH O LICS(1974; MeSH map = Ca thol i cism)UF Cath o lics, Ro manRT Prot es tants

Re li gionRo man Cath o lic eth ics

RU BELLA(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Ger man mea slesBT Com mu ni ca ble dis eases

Sanc tity of LifeUse VALUE OF LIFE

SCAR CITY(1974)RT Re source al lo ca tion

SCHIZO PHRE NIA(1974; MeSH map = same)RT De pres sive dis or der

Men tally ill

SCHOOLS(1998; MeSH map = same)SN Ed u ca tional in sti tu tionsNT Med i cal schools

Uni ver si tiesRT Ed u ca tion+

SCI ENCE(1976; MeSH map = same)NT Bi ol ogy+RT Bio med i cal re search+

Med i cine+

SCI EN TIFIC MIS CON DUCT(1981; MeSH map = same)SN Vi o la tion of laws, reg u la tions, or pro fes sional

stan dards in bio med i cal or be hav ioral re searchor in an i mal or hu man experimentation

BT Mis con duct

Screen ing, Ge neticUse GE NETIC SCREEN ING

Screen ing, Man da toryUse MAN DA TORY TEST ING

Screen ing, MassUse MASS SCREEN ING

SEC U LAR ISM(1997)SN The view that mat ters of civil pol icy should be

con ducted with out the in flu ence of re li gious be -liefs

RT Cul tural plu ral ism

SE LEC TION FOR TREAT MENT(1974; MeSH map = Health care ra tion ing)SN The use of cri te ria for de ter min ing the ap pro pri -

ate ness of in clud ing cat e go ries of pa tients withspe cific con di tions in pro posed treat ment plansor for choos ing cat e go ries of pa tients to betreated when re sources are lim ited; also used for dis cus sions of dis par i ties in treat ment re lated toqual ity of life, so cio eco nomic, or demographicfactors

UF Tri ageNT Re fusal to treatRT Al low ing to die+

Pa tient ad mis sionPa tient trans ferRe source al lo ca tion

SE LEC TION OF SUB JECTS(1974)SN The es tab lish ment or use of cri te ria for de ter -

min ing which sub jects may be asked to par tic i -pate in research

RT Con trol groupsRan dom se lec tionRe search sub jects

SE LEC TIVE ABOR TION(1974; MeSH map = Abor tion, eu genic)SN Abor tion of a fe tus be cause it is, or may be, de -

fec tiveUF Eu genic abor tion

Ge netic abor tionBT Abor tion, in duced

Self Aware nessUse SELF CON CEPT

SELF CON CEPT(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Self aware nessRT Ge netic iden tity

Personhood

Self Ex per i men ta tionUse AUTOEXPERIMENTATION

Self De ter mi na tionUse AU TON OMY



SELF IN DUCED ILL NESS(1975; MeSH map = Life style)UF Ill ness, self in duced

Life style ill nessRT Al co hol abuse

Health+Pa tient com pli ance+Smok ing

SELF REG U LA TION(1974; MeSH map = So cial con trol, in for mal)BT Reg u la tionNT Peer re view

SE MEN DO NORS(1974; MeSH map = Tis sue do nors)UF Sperm do norsBT Do nors

MalesRT Ar ti fi cial in sem i na tion

Ovum do nors

Se nile De men tiaUse AGED and

DE MEN TIA

Sex Change Sur geryUse TRANSSEXUALISM

SEX DE TER MI NA TION(1974)SN De ter mi na tion of the sex of a fe tus in uteroBT Ge netic in ter ven tion

Pre na tal di ag no sisRT Sex preselection

SEX OF FENSES(1974; MeSH map = same)NT Rape

SEX PRESELECTION(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Choos ing the sex of a child prior to con cep tionBT Ge netic in ter ven tion

Re pro duc tive tech nol o giesRT Sex de ter mi na tion

SEX U AL ITY(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Ho mo sex u als

Transsexualism

SEX U ALLY TRANS MIT TED DIS EASES(1979; MeSH map = same)BT Com mu ni ca ble dis easesNT AIDS

HIV seropositivity

Syph i lisRT Con tact trac ing

Man da tory re port ing

Shock Ther apy, Elec tricUse ELECTROCONVULSIVE THER APY

SIB LINGS(1978; MeSH map = Nu clear fam ily)BT Fam ily mem bersNT Twins

SICKLE CELL ANE MIA(1974; MeSH map = Ane mia, sickle cell)BT Ge netic dis or dersRT Thalassemia

SIN GLE PER SONS(1975; MeSH map = Sin gle per son)RT Mar ried per sons

Slip pery Slope Ar gu mentUse WEDGE AR GU MENT

SMOK ING(1978; MeSH map = same)BT So cial prob lemsRT Al co hol abuse

Drug abuseSelf in duced ill ness

SO CIAL CON TROL(1974; MeSH map = So cial con trol, for mal)NT In for mal so cial con trol+

Ju di cial ac tionLeg is la tion+Reg u la tion+

SO CIAL DIS CRIM I NA TION(1982; MeSH map = Prej u dice)UF Dis crim i na tion

Rac ismBT So cial prob lemsRT Stig ma ti za tion

SO CIAL DOM I NANCE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Su pe ri or ity of rank or au thor ity in re la tion to

other per sons or groupsUF Dom i nance, so cial

PowerPro fes sional dom i nance

So cial GoodUse COM MON GOOD



SO CIAL IM PACT(1974; MeSH map = So cial change)

SO CIAL IN TER AC TION(1974; MeSH map = In ter per sonal re la tions)RT Com mu ni ca tion+

Friends

SO CIAL PROB LEMS(1974; Mesh map = same)NT Al co hol abuse

Child abuseDrug abuseSmok ingSo cial dis crim i na tion

So cial Re searchUse BE HAV IORAL RE SEARCH

SO CIAL SCI ENCES(1977; MeSH map = same)NT An thro pol ogy

So ci ol ogy of med i cineRT Be hav ioral re search

Hu man i ties

So cial Val uesUse VAL UES

SO CIAL WORK ERS(1976; MeSH map = So cial work)RT Health per son nel+

SO CIAL WORTH(1974; MeSH map = So cial de sir abil ity)SN Use ful ness or im por tance of a per son to so ci ety

SO CIAL ISM(1978; MeSH map = same)BT Po lit i cal sys tems

So cial ized Med i cineUse STATE MED I CINE

SOCIOBIOLOGY(1977)SN The sys tem atic study of the bi o log i cal ba sis of

so cial be hav iorRT Be hav ioral ge net ics

SO CIO ECO NOMIC FAC TORS(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Aliens

Costs and ben e fitsDis ad van tagedEco nom ics+

SO CI OL OGY OF MED I CINE(1974; MeSH map = So ci ol ogy, med i cal)SN The so cial struc ture of med i cal in sti tu tions or

the med i cal pro fes sionBT So cial sci encesRT Med i cine+

SPECIESISM(1986; MeSH map = An i mal rights)SN The the ory that there is a mor ally rel e vant dis -

tinc tion be tween hu mans and non hu man speciesUF An i mal rights the ory†RT An i mal ex per i men ta tion

An i mal rightsHu man char ac ter is tics

SPERM(1974; MeSH map = Sper ma to zoa)BT Germ cells

Sperm Do norsUse SE MEN DO NORS

SPINA BIFIDA(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Meningomyelocele

MyelomeningoceleBT Neu ral tube de fects

SPORTS MED I CINE(1986; MeSH map = same)SN The branch of med i cine con cerned with phys i -

cal fit ness and the di ag no sis and treat ment of in -ju ries sus tained in sports activities

BT Med i cal spe cial tiesMed i cine

SPOUSAL CON SENT(1974; MeSH map = In formed con sent)UF Pa ter nal con sentBT Third party con sentRT Fa thers

Mar ried per sonsSpousal no ti fi ca tion

SPOUSAL NO TI FI CA TION(1994; MeSH map = Con tact trac ing)SN The re port ing of a woman+s abor tion re quest or

health sta tus to her spouseUF Pa ter nal no ti fi ca tionBT Dis clo sureRT Fa thers

Mar ried per sonsPa ren tal no ti fi ca tionSpousal con sent

SpousesUse MAR RIED PER SONS



STAN DARDS(1974; MeSH map = Ref er ence stan dards)SN Cri te ria for ac cept able per for mance or le gal ad -

e quacy of an in sti tu tion or practiceUF Pro fes sional stan dardsNT Guide lines+RT Qual ity of health care

State Con trolUse GOV ERN MENT REG U LA TION

STATE GOV ERN MENT(1974; MeSH map = same)RT Fed eral gov ern ment

Mu nic i pal gov ern ment

STATE IN TER EST(1974; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)SN The con cern of the state, within con sti tu tional

lim its, to pro tect le gal in com pe tents, pub lichealth, pub lic safety, and the gen eral welfare

BT Le gal as pects

STATE MED I CINE(1975; MeSH map = same)SN A sys tem of health care fi nanced and con trolled

by the gov ern mentUF So cial ized med i cineRT Na tional health in sur ance

STA TIS TICS(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Used as a tag to in di cate that the doc u ment con -

tains nu mer i cal dataNT Mor bid ity

Mor tal ityPrev a lenceRisk

RT Em pir i cal re searchEval u a tion stud iesSur vey

Stat utesUse LEG IS LA TION

STEM CELLS(1999; MeSH map = same)SN Rel a tively un dif fer en ti ated cells that have the

abil ity to give rise to more dif fer en ti ated or spe -cial ized cells

BT Body parts and flu idsRT Blood do na tion

STER IL IZA TION (SEX UAL)(1974; MeSH map = Ster il iza tion, sex ual)SN Pro ce dures that ren der in di vid u als in ca pa ble of

re pro duc tionNT In vol un tary ster il iza tion

Vol un tary ster il iza tion

RT Con tra cep tion

STIG MA TI ZA TION(1974; MeSH map = Ste reo typ ing)SN Neg a tive la bel ing of an in di vid ual or groupUF La bel ingRT So cial dis crim i na tion

STRIKES(1977; MeSH map = Strikes, em ployee)

STU DENTS(1976; MeSH map = same)RT Ed u ca tion+

Sub sti tuted Judg mentUse THIRD PARTY CON SENT

SUF FER ING(1974; MeSH map = Pain)SN The ex pe ri ence of men tal or phys i cal painNT PainRT Psy cho log i cal stress

SUI CIDE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN The act of kill ing one selfBT Kill ingNT As sisted sui cideRT Right to die

SU PREME COURT DE CI SIONS(1974; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)SN De ci sions by the United States Su preme CourtBT Le gal as pectsRT Ju di cial ac tion

SUR GERY(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Med i cal spe cial ties

Med i cinePa tient care

NT Ce sar ean sec tionCos metic sur geryGhost sur geryPsychosurgeryTis sue trans plan ta tion+

RT Cir cum ci sion

Sur ro gate De ci sion Mak ingUse THIRD PARTY CON SENT

SUR RO GATE MOTH ERS(1975; MeSH map = same)



SN Fe males who agree to ar ti fi cial in sem i na tion orem bryo trans fer with the un der stand ing that there sult ing child is to be raised by the per sonswho have com mis sioned the surrogate

UF Ges ta tional moth ersHost moth ers

BT Moth ersRe pro duc tive tech nol o gies

RT Em bryo trans ferOvum do nors

SUR VEY(1974; MeSH map = Data col lec tion)SN Used as a tag to in di cate that the doc u ment con -

tains data col lected by such means as ques tion -naires or in ter views

RT Eval u a tion stud iesSta tis tics+

SYPH I LIS(1975; MeSH map = same)BT Sex u ally trans mit ted dis eases

TAY SACHS DIS EASE(1974; MeSH map = Tay-Sachs dis ease)BT Ge netic dis or ders

TEACH ING METH ODS(1974; MeSH map = Teach ing)BT Meth odsRT Cur ric u lum

Ed u ca tion+

TECH NI CAL EX PER TISE(1974; MeSH map = Pro fes sional com pe tence)BT Pro fes sional com pe tence

Tech nol o gies, Bio med i calUse BIO MED I CAL TECH NOL O GIES

TECH NOL OGY AS SESS MENT(1974; MeSH map = Tech nol ogy as sess ment,bio med i cal)SN The eval u a tion of a tech nol ogy in terms of its

ef fi cacy and im pact on so ci etyRT Treat ment out come

TE LE O LOG I CAL ETH ICS(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)SN The o ries of eth ics which hold that the right ness

or wrong ness of an act can be de ter mined by as -sess ing the good and evil con se quences whichthe act produces

UF ConsequentialismBT Eth i cal the oryNT Util i tar i an ism

Tem po ral Lobe Ep i lepsyUse EP I LEPSY

TER MI NAL CARE(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Pa tient careRT Ad vance care plan ning+

Al low ing to die+Death+Hos picesPal lia tive care

TER MI NALLY ILL(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Dy ing pa tientsBT Pa tientsRT Chron i cally ill

Crit i cally ill

Ter mi na tion of Treat mentUse WITH HOLD ING TREAT MENT

TER MI NOL OGY(1992; MeSH map = No men cla ture)SN In di cates that the doc u ment de fines bioethical

terms or dis cusses the eth i cal im pli ca tions of the use of cer tain terms

RT Com mu ni ca tion+

Test Tube Fer til iza tionUse IN VI TRO FER TIL IZA TION

Test ing, Ge neticUse GE NETIC SCREEN ING

Test ing, Man da toryUse MAN DA TORY TEST ING

THALASSEMIA(1977; MeSH map = same)BT Ge netic dis or dersRT Sickle cell ane mia

THE OL OGY(1974; MeSH map = Re li gion)SN The ra tio nal in ter pre ta tion of re li gious doc trinesRT Eth ics+

Phi los o phyRe li gion

THER A PEU TIC ABOR TION(1974; MeSH map = Abor tion, ther a peu tic)UF Med i cal in di ca tions for abor tion

Psy chi at ric in di ca tions for abor tion†BT Abor tion, in duced



THER A PEU TIC RE SEARCH(1974; MeSH map = Re search)SN Re search that is in tended to ben e fit the sub ject

on whom it is per formedBT Hu man ex per i men ta tionRT In ves ti ga tional drugs

Nontherapeutic re search

THIRD PARTY CON SENT(1974; MeSH map = In formed con sent)SN In formed con sent given by some one other than

the pa tient or re search sub jectUF Proxy con sent

Sub sti tuted judg mentSur ro gate de ci sion mak ing

BT In formed con sentNT Pa ren tal con sent

Spousal con sentRT Ad vance di rec tives+

Re quired re quest

TIME FAC TORS(1977; MeSH = same)SN Used when time is dis cussed as a fac tor in re la -

tion to a sub ject or an is sueRT Du ra tion of com mit ment

His tor i cal as pectsTrends

TIS SUE BANKS(1975; MeSH map = same)SN Fa cil i ties for the col lec tion, stor age, and dis tri -

bu tion of or gans and tis sues for clin i cal or re -search use

UF Or gan banksBT Health fa cil i tiesNT Blood banksRT DNA data banks

TIS SUE DO NA TION(1989; was OR GAN DO NA TION, 1974-88; MeSH

map = Tis sue do nors)NT Blood do na tion

Fe tal tis sue do na tionOr gan do na tion

RT Di rected do na tionDo nors+Gifts

TIS SUE TRANS PLAN TA TION(1976; MeSH map = same)BT Sur geryNT Or gan trans plan ta tion

TORTS(1974; MeSH map = Ju ris pru dence)SN In law, pri vate or civil wrongs, other than

breach of con tract, for which the courts willpro vide a rem edy in the form of an ac tion fordam ages

BT Le gal li a bil ityNT Mal prac tice+

Wrong ful deathWrong ful life

RT In ju ries+Law+

TOR TURE(1974; MeSH map = same)

TOX IC ITY(1974)SN Harm ful ef fects of drugs or chem i calsRT Health haz ards

TRAF FIC AC CI DENTS(1982; MeSH map = Ac ci dents, traf fic)

Trans fu sions, BloodUse BLOOD TRANS FU SIONS

TRANS GEN IC AN I MALS(1990; MeSH map = An i mals, trans gen ic)SN An i mals, or their off spring, into which for eign

DNA se quences have been trans ferred dur ingfer til iza tion or dur ing the early stages of em bry -onic de vel op ment; the for eign DNA is pres entin the re pro duc tive cells of such an i mals andcan there fore be passed on to their progeny

UF An i mals, trans gen icPat ent ing life forms†

BT Trans gen ic or gan ismsRT Hy brids

TRANS GEN IC OR GAN ISMS(1997)SN Or gan isms that have had genes from other spe -

cies in serted into their ge nomeUF Pat ent ing life forms†BT Ge netic in ter ven tionNT Trans gen ic an i malsRT Re com bi nant DNA re search

TRANS PLANT RE CIP I ENTS(1976; MeSH map = Trans plan ta tion)UF Or gan trans plant re cip i ents

Trans plan ta tionUse TIS SUE TRANS PLAN TA TION or OR GAN

TRANS PLAN TA TION

TRANSSEXUALISM(1978; MeSH map = same)UF Sex change sur geryRT Ho mo sex u als

Sex u al ity



TREAT MENT OUT COME(1994; MeSH map = same)SN The re sults of clin i cal in ter ven tions in terms of

pa tient health or qual ity of lifeUF Out come as sess mentRT Prog no sis

Qual ity of health careTech nol ogy as sess ment

TREAT MENT RE FUSAL(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Re fusal of treat ment by an in di vid ual or by a

third party au tho rized to make de ci sions on be -half of a le gally in com pe tent person

UF Re fusal of treat mentBT Pa tient com pli ance

Pa tients’ rightsRT Com pe tence

In formed con sent+Re fusal to treatRight to die

TRENDS(1997)SN Used for the man ner in which a sub ject

changes, qual i ta tively or quan ti ta tively, withtime, whether past, pres ent, or future

RT His tor i cal as pectsTime fac tors

Tri ageUse SE LEC TION FOR TREAT MENT

TRUST(1974)SN Con fi dence in or re li ance on a per son or thingRT Cov e nant

TRUTH DIS CLO SURE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN Truth ful rev e la tion to a pa tient or the pa tient’s

fam ily of the pa tient’s di ag no sis or prog no sis,er rors in treat ment, or other ``bad news’’ (dif -fer en ti ate from DIS CLO SURE, which is used in the con text of com mu ni cat ing to pa tients or re -search sub jects in for ma tion about risks and ben -e fits or al ter na tive ap proaches to treatment orexperimentation)

BT Dis clo surePa tients’ rights

RT Pa tient ac cess to re cords

Tube Feed ingUse AR TI FI CIAL FEED ING

TWINNING(1974; MeSH map = Twins)SN The di vi sion of a zy gote into two parts, each of

which is ca pa ble of fur ther de vel op mentRT Twins

TWINS(1974; MeSH map = same)BT Sib lingsRT Mul ti ple preg nancy

Twinning

UN CER TAINTY(1991; MeSH map = Prob a bil ity)SN The con di tion in which val i dated sci en tific

knowl edge re gard ing risks, ben e fits, di ag no sis,or prog no sis is unavailable

RT De ci sion mak ing+Di ag no sis+Prog no sisRisk

Un con ven tional Ther a piesUse AL TER NA TIVE THER A PIES

UNI VER SI TIES(1974; MeSH map = same)BT SchoolsRT Med i cal schools

Re search in sti tutes

UN WANTED CHIL DREN(1975; MeSH map = Child, un wanted)BT Chil dren

UTIL I TAR I AN ISM(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)SN A te le o log i cal eth i cal the ory which holds that

the mo ral ity of an act can be de ter mined bywhether it pro duces the great est good for thegreat est number

BT Te le o log i cal eth ics

Vac ci na tionUse IM MU NI ZA TION

VALUE OF LIFE(1974)UF Life, value of

Right to lifeSanc tity of life

NT Eco nomic value of lifeRT Qual ity of life

VAL UES(1974; MeSH map = So cial val ues)UF So cial val uesRT Moral de vel op ment

Vir tues

Veg e ta tive State, Per sis tentUse PER SIS TENT VEG E TA TIVE STATE



VenipunctureUse BLOOD SPEC I MEN COL LEC TION

VEN TI LA TORS(1974; MeSH map = Ven ti la tors, me chan i cal)SN Me chan i cal de vices used to pro duce or as sist

pul mo nary ven ti la tionUF Res pi ra torsBT Med i cal de vices

VI A BIL ITY(1974; MeSH map = Fe tal vi a bil ity)SN The po ten tial of the fe tus to sur vive out side the

uterusUF Fe tal vi a bil ity†RT Fe tal de vel op ment

VI O LENCE(1974; MeSH map = same)NT Do mes tic vi o lenceRT Ag gres sion

Dan ger ous ness

VIR TUES(1976; MeSH map = So cial val ues)SN Char ac ter traits which are con sid ered to be mor -

ally praise wor thyUF Char ac ter traitsRT Car ing

Com pas sionMoral ob li ga tions+Val ues

Vivi sec tionUse AN I MAL EX PER I MEN TA TION

VOL UN TARY AD MIS SION(1977; MeSH map = Pa tient ad mis sion)SN En trance into a men tal health fa cil ity at a per -

son’s re quest or with his or her con sentRT In vol un tary com mit ment+

VOL UN TARY EU THA NA SIA(1974; MeSH map = Eu tha na sia)SN The kill ing of a pa tient who is suf fer ing or is af -

flicted with an in cur able dis ease or con di tion,for rea sons of mercy, at that per son’s re quest orwith his or her consent

BT Ac tive eu tha na siaRT As sisted sui cide

Right to die

VOL UN TARY PRO GRAMS(1974)RT Co er cion

Man da tory pro grams+

VOL UN TARY STER IL IZA TION(1974; MeSH map = Ster il iza tion, sex ual)SN Ster il iza tion per formed at the re quest of, or with

the in formed con sent of, the pa tientBT Ster il iza tion (sex ual)RT In vol un tary ster il iza tion

VOL UN TEERS(1974; MeSH map = Vol un tary work ers)RT Re search sub jects

VUL NER A BLE POP U LA TIONS(1997)SN Groups of per sons who may be com pro mised in

their abil ity to give in formed con sent or who are fre quently sub jected to co er cion in their de ci -sion making

RT AgedDis abled+Dis ad van taged+Fe males+Mi nor ity groups+Mi nors+Pa tients+Pris on ers

WAR(1975; MeSH map = same)NT Bi o log i cal war fare

Nu clear war fareRT Mil i tary per son nel

WEDGE AR GU MENT(1974; MeSH map = Eth ics)SN Eth i cal ar gu ment which as serts that one mor ally

ques tion able ac tion or pol icy will set a pre ce -dent for, or lead to, other ac tions or pol i cieswhich are even more mor ally questionable

UF Slip pery slope ar gu ment

WHISTLE BLOW ING(1996; MeSH map = Truth dis clo sure)SN The re port ing of ob served or sus pected pro fes -

sional mis con duct or in com pe tence to ap pro pri -ate au thor i ties or the public

BT Dis clo sureRT Mis con duct+

Pro fes sional com pe tence+

WHITES(1975; MeSH map = same)UF Cau ca sians

WHOOP ING COUGH(1982; MeSH map = same)BT Com mu ni ca ble dis eases

WITH HOLD ING TREAT MENT(1974)



UF Omis sion of treat mentTer mi na tion of treat ment

RT Al low ing to die+Eu tha na sia+Pro lon ga tion of life+Re fusal to treatRe sus ci ta tion or ders

WomenUse FE MALES

WOMEN’S HEALTH(1994; MeSH map = same)SN Phys i cal and men tal well-be ing of womenBT HealthNT Ma ter nal healthRT Fe males+

Women’s health ser vices

WOMEN’S HEALTH SER VICES(1994; MeSH map = same)SN Or ga nized ser vices to pro vide health care to

womenBT Health careRT Fe males+

Women’s health

WOMEN’S RIGHTS(1974; MeSH map = same)UF Fem i nismBT Rights

Fe males+RT Fem i nist eth ics

Wrong ful BirthUse WRONG FUL LIFE

WRONG FUL DEATH(1974; MeSH map = Ho mi cide)SN In civil law, a death of a hu man be ing which is

oc ca sioned by the neg li gent or wrong ful act ofan other

BT Torts

WRONG FUL LIFE(1974; MeSH map = same)SN In civil law, a cause of ac tion which al leges that

a de fen dant has wrong fully caused a child to beborn

UF Wrong ful birthBT TortsRT Pre na tal in ju ries

XenograftsUse AN I MAL OR GANS and

OR GAN TRANS PLAN TA TION

XYY KARYOTYPE(1975; MeSH map = same)SN An ab nor mal chro mo some ar range ment in

males which is char ac ter ized by an ex tra Ychro mo some

BT Chro mo some ab nor mal i tiesRT Be hav ioral ge net ics

Zy gotesUse EM BRYOS



PERMUTED INDEX

chro mo some ab nor mal i tiesaborted fe tusesabor tion, in ducedabor tion on de mand

il le gal abor tionse lec tive abor tion

ther a peu tic abor tional co hol abuse

child abusedrug abuse

pa tient ac cess to re cordstraf fic ac ci dents

ac count abil ityju di cial ac tion

ac tive eu tha na siapo lit i cal ac tiv ity

qual ity ad justed life yearsor ga ni za tion and ad min is tra tion

ad min is tra torspa tient ad mis sion

vol un tary ad mis sionad o les centsadop tionadultsad vance care plan ningad vance di rec tivesad ver tis ingad vi sory com mit tees

pa tient ad vo cacyage fac torsagedag gres sionAIDSAIDS serodiagnosis

au dio vi sual aidsal co hol abusealiensal lied health per son nel

re source al lo ca tional low ing to dieal ter na tive ther a piesal ter na tives

an i mal test ing al ter na tives

PERMUTED INDEX 59

al tru ismcon sti tu tional amend ments

Amer i can In di ansAsian Amer i cans

His panic Amer i cansam nio cen te sisamyotrophic lat eral scle ro sis

de ci sion anal y siseth i cal anal y sispol icy anal y sis

an cient his torysickle cell ane mia

anencephalyan es the siaan i mal care com mit teesan i mal ex per i men ta tionan i mal or gansan i mal rightsan i mal test ing al ter na tives

trans gen ic an i malsanon y mous test ingan thro pol ogy

wedge ar gu mentar ti fi cial feed ingar ti fi cial in sem i na tionar ti fi cial or gansAsian Amer i cans

his tor i cal as pectsin ter na tional as pects

le gal as pectstech nol ogy as sess ment

as sisted sui cideat ti tudesat ti tudes to death

knowl edge, at ti tudes, prac ticeau dio vi sual aidsau thor shipautoexperimentationau ton omy

pro fes sional au ton omyau top sies

blood banksdata banks

DNA data bankstis sue banks

be gin ning of lifebe hav ior con trolbe hav ior dis or dersbe hav ioral ge net ics

60 PERMUTED INDEX

be hav ioral re searchbe nef i cence

costs and ben e fitsrisks and ben e fits

in sur ance se lec tion biasspina bifida

bioethical is suesbioethicsbi o log i cal war farebi ol ogybio med i cal re searchbio med i cal tech nol o gies

low birth weightblacksblood banksblood do na tionblood spec i men col lec tionblood trans fu sionsbody parts and flu ids

hu man bodybone mar rowbrainbrain deathbrain pa thol ogy

elec tri cal stim u la tion of the brainbreast can cerBud dhist eth icsburnsca dav erscan cer

breast can cercap i tal pun ish mentcap i tal ismcar diac death

do nor cardsad vance care plan ning

an i mal care com mit teesemer gency care

health carehealth care de liv eryhealth care re formhome care

in ten sive care unitslong-term careman aged care pro gramspal lia tive care

pas to ral carepa tient carepa tient care team

PERMUTED INDEX 61

pri mary health carequal ity of health care

ter mi nal carecar ingcar ri erscase stud iesca su istry

Ro man Cath o lic eth icsRo man Cath o lics

sickle cell ane miagerm cellsstem cells

cen tral ner vous sys tem dis easesce sar ean sec tion

hu man char ac ter is ticschild abuse

par ent child re la tion shipchild birthchil dren

un wanted chil drencho ri onic villi sam plingChris tian eth icsChris tian Sci en tistschro mo some ab nor mal i tieschron i cally illcir cum ci sionclergyclin i cal eth icsclin i cal eth ics com mit teesclon ingcodes of eth icsco er cion

blood spec i men col lec tiondu ra tion of com mit mentin vol un tary com mit ment

out pa tient com mit mentcom mit tee mem ber ship

ad vi sory com mit teesan i mal care com mit tees

clin i cal eth ics com mit teeseth ics com mit tees

re gional eth ics com mit teesre search eth ics com mit tees

re view com mit teescom modi fi ca tioncom mon goodcom mu ni ca ble dis easescom mu ni ca tion

com puter com mu ni ca tion net works

62 PERMUTED INDEX

in ter dis ci plin ary com mu ni ca tionpriv i leged com mu ni ca tion

com mu nismcommunitarianismcom mu nity ser vicescom par a tive stud iescom pas sioncom pen sa tioncom pe tence

pro fes sional com pe tencepa tient com pli ancemoral com plic ity

com pre hen sioncom puter com mu ni ca tion net workscom put ers

self con ceptop er ant con di tion ing

con fi den ti al itycon flict of in ter estcon gen i tal dis or derscon sciencecon sen suscon sent forms

in formed con sentpa ren tal con sent

pre sumed con sentspousal con sent

third party con sentcon sti tu tional amend mentscon sti tu tional law

eth ics con sul ta tionre fer ral and con sul ta tion

con tact trac ingcon tain mentcon tin u ing ed u ca tioncon tra cep tioncon tractscon trol groups

be hav ior con trolin for mal so cial con trol

pop u la tion con trolso cial con trol

cos metic sur gerycosts and ben e fits

whoop ing coughcoun sel ing

di rec tive coun sel ingge netic coun sel ing

de vel op ing coun tries

PERMUTED INDEX 63

Su preme Court de ci sionscov e nant

re search em bryo cre ationcrim i nal lawcrit i cally illcryo pre ser va tioncul tural plu ral ismcur ric u lumcys tic fi bro sisdan ger ous nessdata banksDNA data banksdeath

at ti tudes to deathbrain death

car diac deathde ter mi na tion of death

wrong ful deathde cep tionde ci sion anal y sisde ci sion mak ing

Su preme Court de ci sionsneu ral tube de fects

de hu man iza tiondeinstitutionalized per sons

health care de liv eryabor tion on de mand

de men tiade moc racyden tistrydeontological eth icsde pres sive dis or der

pro gram de scrip tionsre search de sign

de ter mi na tion of deathsex de ter mi na tion

ge netic de ter min ismde vel op ing coun tries

fe tal de vel op mentmoral de vel op ment

med i cal de vicesdi a be tesdi ag no sis

preimplantation di ag no sispre na tal di ag no sis

psy chi at ric di ag no sisre nal di al y sis

al low ing to dieright to die

64 PERMUTED INDEX

di rected do na tiondi rec tive coun sel ing

ad vance di rec tivesdis abled

men tally dis abledphys i cally dis abled

dis ad van tagedpa tient dis charge

dis clo suretruth dis clo sure

so cial dis crim i na tiondis ease

Hun ting ton’s dis easeiat ro genic dis easeTay Sachs dis ease

cen tral ner vous sys tem dis easescom mu ni ca ble dis eases

eye dis easesheart dis eases

kid ney dis easessex u ally trans mit ted dis eases

de pres sive dis or derbe hav ior dis or ders

con gen i tal dis or dersge netic dis or dersgrowth dis or ders

late-on set dis or dersem bryo dis po si tion

in for ma tion dis sem i na tiondis sent

ge netic di ver sityDNA data banksDNA fin ger print ingDNA se quences

re com bi nant DNA re searchdo mes tic vi o lence

so cial dom i nanceblood do na tion

di rected do na tionfe tal tis sue do na tion

or gan do na tiontis sue do na tion

do nor cardsdo nors

or gan do norsovum do nors

se men do norsdou ble ef fectDown syn drome

PERMUTED INDEX 65

drug abusedrug in dus trydrugs

in ves ti ga tional drugspsy cho ac tive drugs

Du chenne mus cu lar dys tro phydue pro cessdu ra tion of com mit mentduty to warn

Du chenne mus cu lar dys tro phyEast ern Or tho dox eth icsecol ogyeco nomic value of lifeeco nom icsed i to rial pol i ciesed u ca tion

con tin u ing ed u ca tionhealth ed u ca tion

med i cal ed u ca tionnurs ing ed u ca tionpa tient ed u ca tiondou ble ef fect

elec tri cal stim u la tion of the brainelectroconvulsive ther apyem bryo dis po si tionem bryo re searchem bryo trans fer

re search em bryo cre ationem bryosemer gency careemo tionsem pa thyem pir i cal re searchem ploy ment

nu clear en ergylaw en force ment

ge netic en hance menten tre pre neur shipep i de mi ol ogyep i lepsyequal pro tec tioneth i cal anal y siseth i cal rel a tiv ismeth i cal re vieweth i cal the oryeth i cist’s roleethicistseth icseth ics com mit tees

66 PERMUTED INDEX

eth ics con sul ta tionBud dhist eth icsChris tian eth ics

clin i cal eth icsclin i cal eth ics com mit tees

codes of eth icsdeontological eth ics

East ern Or tho dox eth icsfem i nist eth ics

Hindu eth icsin sti tu tional eth ics

Is lamic eth icsJew ish eth ics

med i cal eth icsnarrrative eth ics

nurs ing eth icsprin ci ple-based eth ics

pro fes sional eth icsProtestant eth ics

re gional eth ics com mit teesre li gious eth icsre search eth ics com mit tees

Ro man Cath o lic eth icste le o log i cal eth ics

med i cal et i quetteeu gen icseu tha na sia

ac tive eu tha na siain vol un tary eu tha na sia

vol un tary eu tha na siaeval u a tioneval u a tion stud iesevo lu tion

an i mal ex per i men ta tionhu man ex per i men ta tion

ex pert tes ti monytech ni cal ex per tise

oc cu pa tional ex po surelife ex ten sion

ex traor di nary treat menteye dis eases

health fa cil i tiespro pri etary health fa cil i ties

age fac torsres i den tial fa cil i ties

so cio eco nomic fac torstime fac tors

fac ultyfam ily mem bers

PERMUTED INDEX 67

fam ily plan ningfam ily prac ticefam ily re la tion ship

pro fes sional fam ily re la tion shipfa mous per sonsfa thersfed eral gov ern ment

ar ti fi cial feed ingforce feed ing

med i cal feesfe malesfem i nist eth ics

in vi tro fer til iza tionfe tal de vel op mentfe tal re searchfe tal ther apyfe tal tis sue do na tion

mother fe tus re la tion shipfe tuses

aborted fe tusescys tic fi bro sis

fi nan cial sup portgov ern ment fi nanc ing

DNA fin ger print ingbody parts and flu ids

flu o ri da tionfoodforce feed ingfo ren sic med i cinefo ren sic psy chi a tryforms

con sent formsfraudfree domfriendsfu til ityfu ture gen er a tionsga mete intrafallopian trans fergatekeepinggene poolgene ther apy

fu ture gen er a tionsgenesge netic coun sel ingge netic de ter min ismge netic dis or dersge netic di ver sityge netic en hance mentge netic iden tity

68 PERMUTED INDEX

ge netic in for ma tionge netic in ter ven tionge netic ma te ri alsge netic pre dis po si tionge netic re searchge netic screen ingge netic ser vicesge net ics

be hav ioral ge net icsge nome map pinggerm cellsghost sur gerygiftsgoals

com mon goodgov ern ment fi nanc inggov ern ment reg u la tion

fed eral gov ern mentmu nic i pal gov ern ment

state gov ern mentgroup ther apy

con trol groupsmi nor ity groups

growth dis or dersle gal guard ians

guide linesprac tice guide lines

ob stet rics and gy ne col ogyhealth haz ards

healthhealth carehealth care de liv eryhealth care re formhealth ed u ca tionhealth fa cil i tieshealth haz ardshealth in sur ancehealth in sur ance re im burse menthealth main te nance or ga ni za tionshealth per son nelhealth pro mo tionhealth ser vices re search

al lied health per son nelma ter nal health

men tal healthna tional health in sur ancepri mary health care

pro pri etary health fa cil i tiespub lic health

PERMUTED INDEX 69

qual ity of health carewomen’s healthwomen’s health ser vices

heart dis easesheartshe mo philiahep a ti tisher oinHindu eth icsHis panic Amer i canshis tor i cal as pects

an cient his toryHIV seropositivityhome care

nurs ing homesho mo sex u alshor moneshos piceshos pi tals

pro pri etary hos pi talspub lic hos pi tals

re li gious hos pi talshu man bodyhu man char ac ter is ticshu man ex per i men ta tionhu man rightshu man ismhu man i tiesHun ting ton’s dis easehy bridshyperkinesishy per ten sionhyp no sisiat ro genic dis ease

ge netic iden titychron i cally ill

crit i cally illmen tally ill

ter mi nally illil le gal abor tion

self in duced ill nessim mu ni za tion

so cial im pactin vi tro fer til iza tionin cen tives

Amer i can In di ansindigents

abor tion, in ducedself in duced ill ness

70 PERMUTED INDEX

in dus trydrug in dus try

in fan ti cidein fantsin fer til ityin flu enzain for mal so cial con trolin for ma tion dis sem i na tion

ge netic in for ma tionin formed con sentin ju ries

pre con cep tion in ju riespre na tal in ju riesar ti fi cial in sem i na tion

in sti tu tional eth icsin sti tu tional pol i ciesin sti tu tion al ized per sons

re search in sti tutesmen tal in sti tu tions

in su linin sur ancein sur ance se lec tion bias

health in sur ancehealth in sur ance re im burse ment

life in sur ancena tional health in sur ance

in tel li gencein ten sive care unitsin ten tion

so cial in ter ac tionin ter dis ci plin ary com mu ni ca tion

con flict of in ter eststate in ter est

in ter nal med i cinein ter na tional as pectsin tern ship and res i dencyinterprofessional re la tions

ge netic in ter ven tionga mete intrafallopian trans fer

in ves ti ga tional drugsin ves ti ga tor sub ject re la tion shipin ves ti ga torsin vol un tary com mit mentin vol un tary eu tha na siain vol un tary ster il iza tionIs lamic eth ics

bioethical is suesJe ho vah’s Wit nessesJew ish eth ics

PERMUTED INDEX 71

Jewsret ro spec tive moral judg ment

ju di cial ac tionjus tice

XYY karyotypekid ney dis easeskid neyskill ingknowl edge, at ti tudes, prac ticelab o ra to rieslate-on set dis or ders

amyotrophic lat eral scle ro sislawlaw en force ment

con sti tu tional lawcrim i nal law

nat u ral lawlaw yersle gal as pectsle gal guard iansle gal li a bil ityle gal ob li ga tionsle gal rightsleg is la tion

model leg is la tionleu ke mia

le gal li a bil itylib er tar i an ismlife ex ten sionlife in sur ance

be gin ning of lifeeco nomic value of life

pro lon ga tion of lifequal ity ad justed life years

qual ity of lifevalue of life

wrong ful lifelit er a tureliv ersliv ing willslong-term carelovelow birth weightLSD

health main te nance or ga ni za tionsde ci sion mak ing

malesmal prac ticeman aged care pro grams

72 PERMUTED INDEX

man da tory pro gramsman da tory re port ingman da tory test ing

ge nome map pingmar i tal re la tion shipmar ried per sons

bone mar rowmass me diamass screen ing

ge netic ma te ri alsma ter nal health

mass me diame di a tionmed i cal de vicesmed i cal ed u ca tionmed i cal eth icsmed i cal et i quettemed i cal feesmed i cal re cordsmed i cal schoolsmed i cal spe cial tiesmed i cine

fo ren sic med i cinein ter nal med i cine

oc cu pa tional med i cinepre ven tive med i cine

so ci ol ogy of med i cinesports med i cine

state med i cinefam ily mem bers

com mit tee mem ber shipmen tal healthmen tal in sti tu tionsmen tally dis abledmen tally illmen tally re tardedmetaethicsmet a phormeth ods

teach ing meth odsmi cro bi ol ogy

nurse mid wivesmil i tary per son nelmi nor ity groupsmi norsmis con duct

sci en tific mis con ductmodel leg is la tionmod els, the o ret i cal

PERMUTED INDEX 73

moral com plic itymoral de vel op mentmoral ob li ga tionsmoral pol icy

ret ro spec tive moral judg mentmo ral itymor bid itymor tal itymother fe tus re la tion shipmoth ers

sur ro gate moth ersmo ti va tionmul ti ple preg nancymu nic i pal gov ern ment

Du chenne mus cu lar dys tro phynar ra tive eth icsna tional health in sur anceNa tional So cial ismnat u ral lawneg li gence

cen tral ner vous sys tem dis easescom puter com mu ni ca tion net works

neu ral tube de fectsnew bornsnontherapeutic re searchnor mal ity

pa ren tal no ti fi ca tionspousal no ti fi ca tion

nu clear en ergynu clear war farenurse mid wivesnurse pa tient re la tion ship

phy si cian nurse re la tion shipnurse’s rolenursesnurs ing ed u ca tionnurs ing eth icsnurs ing homesnurs ing re searchnu tri tionob li ga tions of so ci etyob li ga tions to so ci ety

le gal ob li ga tionsmoral ob li ga tions

ob stet rics and gy ne col ogyoc cu pa tional ex po sureoc cu pa tional med i cine

sex of fensesop er ant con di tion ing

74 PERMUTED INDEX

oph thal mol ogypub lic opin ion

re sus ci ta tion or dersor gan do na tionor gan do norsor gan trans plan ta tion

trans gen ic or gan ismsor ga ni za tion and ad min is tra tionor ga ni za tional pol i cies

health main te nance or ga ni za tionspro fes sional or ga ni za tions

an i mal or gansar ti fi cial or gansEast ern Or tho dox eth ics

treat ment out comeout pa tient com mit mentovumovum do norspainpal lia tive carepa ral y sispar ent child re la tion shippa ren tal con sentpa ren tal no ti fi ca tionpar ents

pa tient par tic i pa tionpub lic par tic i pa tion

body parts and flu idsthird party con sent

pas to ral carepat entspa ter nal ism

brain pa thol ogypa tient ac cess to re cordspa tient ad mis sionpa tient ad vo cacypa tient carepa tient care teampa tient com pli ancepa tient dis chargepa tient ed u ca tionpa tient par tic i pa tionpa tient sat is fac tionpa tient trans fer

nurse pa tient re la tion shipphy si cian pa tient re la tion ship

pro fes sional pa tient re la tion shippa tientspa tients’ rights

PERMUTED INDEX 75

pe di at ricspeer re viewper sis tent veg e ta tive statepersonhood

al lied health per son nelhealth per son nel

mil i tary per son neldeinstitutionalized per sons

fa mous per sonsin sti tu tion al ized per sons

mar ried per sonssin gle per sons

phar ma cistsphenylketonuriaphi los o phyphys i cal re straintphys i cally dis abledphy si cian nurse re la tion shipphy si cian pa tient re la tion shipphy si cian self-re fer ralphy si cian’s rolephy si cianspla ce bos

ad vance care plan ningfam ily plan ning

cul tural plu ral ismed i to rial pol i cies

in sti tu tional pol i ciesor ga ni za tional pol i cies

moral pol icypub lic pol icy

pol icy anal y sispo lio my eli tispo lit i cal ac tiv itypo lit i cal sys temspol i tics

gene poolpop u la tion con trol

vul ner a ble pop u la tionspost hu mous re pro duc tionprac tice guide lines

fam ily prac ticeknowl edge, at ti tudes, prac tice

pre con cep tion in ju riesge netic pre dis po si tion

mul ti ple preg nancypreg nant womenpreimplantation di ag no sisprematurity

76 PERMUTED INDEX

pre na tal di ag no sispre na tal in ju ries

sex preselectionpre sumed con sentprev a lencepre ven tive med i cinepri mary health carepri matesprin ci ple-based eth icspris on erspri vacypri vate sec torpriv i leged com mu ni ca tion

so cial prob lemsdue pro cess

pro fes sional au ton omypro fes sional com pe tencepro fes sional eth icspro fes sional fam ily re la tion shippro fes sional or ga ni za tionspro fes sional pa tient re la tion shipprog no sispro gram de scrip tions

man aged care pro gramsman da tory pro gramsvol un tary pro grams

pro lon ga tion of lifehealth pro mo tion

prop erty rightspro pri etary health fa cil i tiespro pri etary hos pi tals

equal pro tec tionProtestant eth icsProt es tantspsy chi at ric di ag no sispsy chi at ric willspsy chi a try

fo ren sic psy chi a trypsy cho ac tive drugspsy cho log i cal stresspsy chol ogypsychosurgerypsy cho ther apypub lic healthpub lic hos pi talspub lic opin ionpub lic par tic i pa tionpub lic pol icypub lic sec tor

PERMUTED INDEX 77

pun ish mentcap i tal pun ish ment

qual ity ad justed life yearsqual ity of health carequal ity of lifequar an tinera di a tionra di ol ogyran dom se lec tionrapere call

trans plant re cip i entsre com bi nant DNA re searchre cords

med i cal re cordspa tient ac cess to re cords

re fer ral and con sul ta tionphy si cian self- re fer ral

health care re formre fusal to treat

treat ment re fusalre gional eth ics com mit teesreg is triesreg u la tion

gov ern ment reg u la tionself reg u la tion

re ha bil i ta tionhealth in sur ance re im burse mentinterprofessional re la tions

fam ily re la tion shipin ves ti ga tor sub ject re la tion ship

mar i tal re la tion shipmother fe tus re la tion shipnurse pa tient re la tion shippar ent child re la tion ship

phy si cian nurse re la tion shipphy si cian pa tient re la tion ship

pro fes sional fam ily re la tion shippro fes sional pa tient re la tion ship

eth i cal rel a tiv ismre li gionre li gious eth icsre li gious hos pi talsre mu ner a tionre nal di al y sis

man da tory re port ingre pro duc tion

post hu mous re pro duc tionre pro duc tive tech nol o gies

78 PERMUTED INDEX

re quired re questre quired re questre search de signre search em bryo cre ationre search eth ics com mit teesre search in sti tutesre search sub jects

be hav ioral re searchbio med i cal re search

em bryo re searchem pir i cal re search

fe tal re searchge netic re search

health ser vices re searchnontherapeutic re search

nurs ing re searchre com bi nant DNA re search

ther a peu tic re searchin tern ship and res i dency

res i den tial fa cil i tiesre source al lo ca tion

phys i cal re straintre sus ci ta tionre sus ci ta tion or ders

men tally re tardedretreatmentret ro spec tive moral judg mentre viewre view com mit tees

eth i cal re viewpeer re view

right to dieright to treat mentrights

an i mal rightshu man rights

le gal rightspa tients’ rightsprop erty rights

women’s rightsriskrisks and ben e fits

eth i cist’s rolenurse’s role

phy si cian’s roleRo man Cath o lic eth icsRo man Cath o licsru bella

Tay Sachs dis ease

PERMUTED INDEX 79

cho ri onic villi sam plingpa tient sat is fac tion

scar cityschizo phre niaschools

med i cal schoolssci ence

so cial sci encessci en tific mis con duct

Chris tian Sci en tistsamyotropic lat eral scle ro sis

ge netic screen ingmass screen ing

ce sar ean sec tionpri vate sec torpub lic sec tor

sec u lar ismse lec tion for treat mentse lec tion of sub jects

in sur ance se lec tion biasran dom se lec tion

se lec tive abor tionself con ceptself in duced ill ness

phy si cian self-re fer ralself reg u la tionse men do nors

DNA se quencesAIDS serodiagnosis

HIV seropositivitycom mu nity ser vices

ge netic ser viceshealth ser vices re search

women’s health ser vicessex de ter mi na tionsex of fensessex preselection

ster il iza tion (sex ual)sex u al itysex u ally trans mit ted dis easessib lingssickle cell ane miasin gle per sonssmok ingso cial con trolso cial dis crim i na tionso cial dom i nanceso cial im pactso cial in ter ac tion

80 PERMUTED INDEX

so cial prob lemsso cial sci encesso cial work ersso cial worth

in for mal so cial con trolso cial ism

Na tional So cial ismob li ga tions of so ci etyob li ga tions to so ci ety

sociobiologyso cio eco nomic fac torsso ci ol ogy of med i cine

med i cal spe cial tiesspeciesism

blood spec i men col lec tionspermspina bifidasports med i cinespousal con sentspousal no ti fi ca tionstan dardsstate gov ern mentstate in ter eststate med i cine

per sis tent veg e ta tive statesta tis ticsstem cellsster il iza tion (sex ual)

in vol un tary ster il iza tionvol un tary ster il iza tion

stig ma ti za tionelec tri cal stim u la tion of the brain

psy cho log i cal stressstrikesstu dents

case stud iescom par a tive stud ies

eval u a tion stud iesin ves ti ga tor sub ject re la tion ship

re search sub jectsse lec tion of sub jects

suf fer ingsui cide

as sisted sui cidefi nan cial sup port

Su preme Court de ci sionssur gery

cos metic sur geryghost sur gery

PERMUTED INDEX 81

sur ro gate moth erssur vey

Down syn dromesyph i lis

cen tral ner vous sys tem dis easespo lit i cal sys tems

Tay Sachs dis easeteach ing meth ods

pa tient care teamtech ni cal ex per tise

bio med i cal tech nol o giesre pro duc tive tech nol o gies

tech nol ogy as sess mentte le o log i cal eth icster mi nal careter mi nally illter mi nol ogy

ex pert tes ti monyan i mal test ing al ter na tives

anon y mous test ingman da tory test ing

thalassemiathe ol ogy

mod els, the o ret i caleth i cal the ory

ther a peu tic abor tionther a peu tic re search

al ter na tive ther a pieselectroconvulsive ther apy

fe tal ther apygene ther apy

group ther apythird party con senttime fac torstis sue bankstis sue do na tiontis sue trans plan ta tion

fe tal tis sue do na tiontortstor turetox ic ity

con tact trac ingtraf fic ac ci dents

em bryo trans ferga mete intrafallopian trans fer

pa tient trans ferblood trans fu sions

trans gen ic an i malstrans gen ic or gan isms

82 PERMUTED INDEX

sex u ally trans mit ted dis easestrans plant re cip i ents

or gan trans plan ta tiontis sue trans plan ta tion

transsexualismre fusal to treat

treat ment out cometreat ment re fusal

ex traor di nary treat mentright to treat ment

se lec tion for treat mentwith hold ing treat ment

trendstrusttruth dis clo sure

neu ral tube de fectstwinningtwinsun cer tainty

in ten sive care unitsuni ver si tiesun wanted chil drenutil i tar i an ismvalue of life

eco nomic value of lifeval ues

per sis tent veg e ta tive stateven ti la torsvi a bil ity

cho ri onic villi sam plingvi o lence

do mes tic vi o lencevir tues

in vi tro fer til iza tionvol un tary ad mis sionvol un tary eu tha na siavol un tary pro gramsvol un tary ster il iza tionvol un teersvul ner a ble pop u la tionswar

bi o log i cal war farenu clear war fareduty to warn

wedge ar gu mentlow birth weight

whistle blow ingwhiteswhoop ing cough

PERMUTED INDEX 83

liv ing willspsy chi at ric wills

with hold ing treat mentJe ho vah’s Wit nesses

preg nant womenwomen’s healthwomen’s health ser viceswomen’s rights

so cial work ersso cial worth

wrong ful deathwrong ful lifeXYY karyotype

qual ity ad justed life years

84 PERMUTED INDEX

AP PEN DIX A

SAM PLE BIOETHICSLINE RE CORD

NOTE: SPE CIAL IZED PRINT COM MANDS FOR ELHILL SEARCH ING

BIOETHICSLINE Keywords are searched on line with the two-let ter qual i fier (KW). To print sub jectKeywords from this con trolled The sau rus vo cab u lary (called “descriptors”), use the com mand: PRINTCOM PRESSED KWD. Non-Thesaurs Keywords (which in clude “pro posed descriptors” and proper-name“iden ti fi ers”) are also searched with the qual i fier (KW), but are printed with the three-let ter mne mon icsKWP and KWI re spec tively. The PRINT KIE com mand will print all three types of Keywords.

APPENDIX A A-1

SI - KIE/57846CN - New York State Task Force on Life and the LawTI - As sisted Re pro duc tive Tech nol o gies: Anal y sis and Rec om men da tions for Pub lic Pol icy.SO - New York, NY: The Task Force; 1998 Apr. 474 p.KWD - ad ver tis ing ; ad vi sory com mit tees ; age fac tors ; Bud dhist eth ics ; chil dren ; Chris tian eth ics ; clon ing ; coun sel ing ; cryo pre ser va tion ; dis clo sure ; em bryo dis po si tion ; em bryo re search ; em bryos ; fed eral gov ern ment ; ge netic screen ing ; gov ern ment reg u la tion ; *guide lines ; health in sur ance re im burse ment ; Hindu eth ics ; ho mo sex u als ; in fer til ity ; in formed con sent ; Is lamic eth ics ; Jew ish eth ics ; le gal as pects ; mul ti ple preg nancy ; ovum do nors ; par ent child re la tion ship ; post hu mous re pro duc tion ; preimplantation di ag no sis ; psy chol ogy ; *pub lic pol icy ; re mu ner a tion ; re pro duc tion ; *re pro duc tive tech nol o gies ; re view ; risks and ben e fits ; se lec tion for treat ment ; se men do nors ; sex preselection ; sin gle per sons ; *stan dards ; state gov ern ment ; sur ro gate moth ers ; treat ment out comeKWI - *New York ; *New York State Task Force on Life and the Law ; United StatesPT - MONO GRAPH ; GUIDE LINE ; POL ICY STATE MENTS ; RE VIEWUI - 57846SC - an ; gr

APPENDIX BSELECTED LIST OF “MAJOR ISSUE” BIOETHICSLINE KEYWORDS (KW)

The terms on this list rep re sent ma jor bioethical is sues and are likely to have been fre quently used to in dex ci ta -tions in the BIOETHICSLINE da ta base. See the fol low ing two pages for a dis play of these terms grouped un derbroad sub ject areas.

ABOR TION, IN DUCED (also SE LEC TIVE ABOR -TION)

AD VANCE DI REC TIVES (also LIV ING WILLS)AIDS (also HIV SEROPOSITIVITY)AL LOW ING TO DIEAN I MAL EX PER I MEN TA TIONAS SISTED SUI CIDEBE HAV IOR CON TROLBE HAV IORAL RE SEARCHBIOETHICS (also BIOETHICAL IS SUES, CLIN I -

CAL ETH ICS)BIO MED I CAL RE SEARCHBIO MED I CAL TECH NOL O GIESBLOOD DO NA TIONBRAIN DEATHCLIN I CAL ETH ICS COM MIT TEESCLON INGCODES OF ETH ICSCON FI DEN TI AL ITYCON TRA CEP TIONDE TER MI NA TION OF DEATHEM BRYO RE SEARCHEM BRYOSETHICISTSETH ICS COM MIT TEES (pre fer AD VI SORY

COM MIT TEES, CLIN I CAL ETH ICS COM -MITTEES, RE SEARCH ETH ICS COM MIT -TEES)

EU GEN ICSEU THA NA SIA (pre fer AC TIVE EU THA NA SIA,

VOL UN TARY EU THA NA SIA; see also AL -LOWING TO DIE, RE SUS CI TA TIONORDERS)

FE TAL RE SEARCHFE TUSES (also ABORTED FE TUSES, FE TAL

THER APY, FE TAL TIS SUE DO NA TION)GENE THER APYGE NETIC COUN SEL INGGE NETIC IN TER VEN TIONGE NETIC RE SEARCH (also RE COM BI NANT

DNA RE SEARCH)GE NETIC SCREEN INGGE NOME MAP PINGHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE DE LIV ERY (also MAN AGED

CARE PRO GRAMS)HU MAN EX PER I MEN TA TION

IN FORMED CON SENT (also PA REN TALCONSENT, THIRD PARTY CON SENT)

IN VOL UN TARY COM MIT MENTMASS SCREEN INGMED I CAL ETH ICSMIS CON DUCT (also SCI EN TIFIC MIS CON -

DUCT)NURS ING ETH ICSOR GAN DO NA TION (also TIS SUE DO NA TION,

FE TAL TIS SUE DO NA TION)OR GAN TRANS PLAN TA TION (also TIS SUE

TRANS PLAN TA TION)PA TIENT CAREPA TIENTS’ RIGHTSPERSONHOOD (also BE GIN NING OF LIFE)PHY SI CIAN PA TIENT RE LA TION SHIP (also

NURSE PA TIENT RE LA TION SHIP,PROFESSIONAL PA TIENT RE LA TION SHIP)

POP U LA TION CON TROLPRE NA TAL DI AG NO SISPRE NA TAL IN JU RIESPRO FES SIONAL ETH ICSPSY CHO AC TIVE DRUGSPSY CHO THER APYPUB LIC HEALTH (also HEALTH)RE FUSAL TO TREATRE PRO DUC TIONRE PRO DUC TIVE TECH NOL O GIES (also

ARTICIFICIAL IN SEM I NA TION, IN VI TROFER TIL IZA TION, SUR RO GATE MOTHERS)

RE SEARCH ETH ICS COM MIT TEESRE SOURCE AL LO CA TIONRE SUS CI TA TION OR DERSSE LEC TION FOR TREAT MENTSEX DE TER MI NA TIONSEX PRESELECTIONSTER IL IZA TION (SEX UAL) (also IN VOL UN -

TARY STER IL IZA TION)TER MI NAL CARETRANS GEN IC AN I MALS (also TRANS GEN IC

OR GAN ISMS)TREAT MENT RE FUSALTRUTH DIS CLO SURE

B-1 AP PEN DIX B

“MAJOR ISSUE” KEYWORDS BY BROAD SUBJECT AREA

Only terms shown in up per case let ters are search able. The An no tated Al pha betic List con tains many ad di tional(in clud ing broader, nar rower, and re lated) Keywords that the searcher may want to con sider “ORing” to gether ina search strategy.

Bioethics and Pro fes sional Eth ics:BIOETHICS (also BIOETHICAL IS SUES, CLIN I CAL ETH ICS)CODES OF ETH ICSETHICISTSETH ICS COM MIT TEES (pre fer AD VI SORY

COM MIT TEES, CLIN I CAL ETH ICS COM-MITTEES, RE SEARCH ETH ICS COMMITTEES)

MED I CAL ETH ICSMIS CON DUCT (also SCI EN TIFIC MIS CON DUCT)PRO FES SIONAL ETH ICS

Bio med i cal and Be hav ioral Re search:AN I MAL EX PER I MEN TA TIONBE HAV IORAL RE SEARCHBIO MED I CAL RE SEARCHEM BRYO RE SEARCHFE TAL RE SEARCHGE NETIC RE SEARCH (also RE COM BI NANT DNA

RE SEARCH)HU MAN EX PER I MEN TA TIONRE SEARCH ETH ICS COM MIT TEESSCI EN TIFIC MIS CON DUCT

Death, Eu tha na sia, and the Pro lon ga tion of Life:AD VANCE DI REC TIVES (also LIV ING WILLS)AL LOW ING TO DIEAS SISTED SUI CIDEBRAIN DEATHDE TER MI NA TION OF DEATHEU THA NA SIA (pre fer AC TIVE EU THA NA SIA,

VOL UN TARY EU THA NA SIA; see alsoAL LOW ING TO DIE; RE SUS CI TA TION ORDERS)

PERSONHOODRE SUS CI TA TION OR DERSTER MI NAL CARE

Ge net ics, Re pro duc tion, and Abor tion:Ge netic Is sues:EU GEN ICSGENE THER APYGE NETIC COUN SEL INGGE NETIC IN TER VEN TIONGE NETIC RE SEARCH (also RE COM BI NANT DNA

RE SEARCH)GE NETIC SCREEN INGGE NOME MAP PINGTRANS GEN IC AN I MALS (also TRANS GEN IC

OR GAN ISMS)

Re pro duc tive Is sues:ABOR TION, IN DUCED (also SE LEC TIVE ABOR -TION)CLON ING

CON TRA CEP TIONEM BRYO RE SEARCHEM BRYOSFE TAL RE SEARCHFE TUSES (also ABORTED FE TUSES, FE TAL

THER APY, FE TAL TIS SUE DO NA TION)PERSONHOOD (also BE GIN NING OF LIFE)POP U LA TION CON TROLPRE NA TAL DI AG NO SISPRE NA TAL IN JU RIESRE PRO DUC TIONRE PRO DUC TIVE TECH NOL O GIES (also ARTIFI-

CIAL IN SEM I NA TION, IN VI TROFER TIL IZA TION, SUR RO GATE MOTHERS)

SEX DE TER MI NA TIONSEX PRESELECTIONSTER IL IZA TION (SEX UAL) (also IN VOL UN TARY STER IL IZA TION)

Health Care and Pub lic Health:AIDS (also HIV SEROPOSITIVITY)BIO MED I CAL TECH NOL O GIESHEALTHHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE DE LIV ERY (also MAN AGED CARE

PRO GRAMS)MASS SCREEN INGOR GAN DO NA TION (also BLOOD DO NA TION,

TIS SUE DO NA TION, FE TAL TIS SUE DO NA TION)OR GAN TRANS PLAN TA TION (also TIS SUE

TRANS PLAN TA TION)PUB LIC HEALTHRE SOURCE AL LO CA TIONSE LEC TION FOR TREAT MENT

Men tal Health Ther a pies and Be hav ior Con trol:BE HAV IOR CON TROLIN VOL UN TARY COM MIT MENTPSY CHO AC TIVE DRUGSPSY CHO THER APY

Pro fes sional Pa tient Re la tion ship:CON FI DEN TI AL ITYIN FORMED CON SENT (also PA REN TAL CON SENT,

THIRD PARTY CON SENT)PA TIENT AC CESS TO RE CORDSPA TIENT CAREPA TIENTS’ RIGHTSPHY SI CIAN PA TIENT RE LA TION SHIP (also NURSE

PA TIENT RE LA TION SHIP, PRO FES SIONALPA TIENT RE LA TION SHIP)

RE FUSAL TO TREATTREAT MENT RE FUSALTRUTH DIS CLO SURE

AP PEN DIX B B-2

APPENDIX CPUBLICATION TYPES IN BIOETHICSLINE, 1999

Pub li ca tion Types are search able on line with the qual i fier (PT). Nine pri mary Pub li ca tion Types (see list be low) have been in use since in dex ing of BIOETHICSLINE be gan in 1974. One of them ap pears on every record.

Ad di tional Pub li ca tion Types were in tro duced when BIOETHICSLINE be gan to in clude some MEDLINE-de -rived re cords in late 1996-early 1997. A few of these sec ond ary PTs were added to older da ta base re cordsthrough ret ro ac tive search strat e gies us ing Keywords, Text Words, or Title Fragments.

The sec ond ary Pub li ca tion Types are not mu tu ally ex clu sive, as was the case with the orig i nal nine. Most of thenew PTs are equiv a lent to the Na tional Li brary of Med i cine’s MeSH Pub li ca tion Types, and they fol low MeSHpat terns of us ing sin gu lar or plural forms.

Primary Publication Types Introduced in 1974

AN A LYTIC SN A chap ter or es say in a mono graph

AU DIO VI SUAL MA TE RIALSN A nonprint ma te rial such as a mo tion pic ture, a

video record ing, or a sound re cord ing

BILLSN A draft of a stat ute pre sented to a leg is la ture for

en act ment

COURT DE CI SIONSN A rul ing is sued by a court of law

LAWSN A stat ute en acted by the high est leg is la tive body

of a state or na tion

JOUR NAL AR TI CLESN An ar ti cle from a pe ri od i cal other than a news -

pa per

MONO GRAPHSN A book or other print pub li ca tion that is not a

se rial, an an a lytic, or a le gal doc u ment

NEWS PA PER AR TI CLESN A news item printed in a gen eral-in ter est news -

pa per or other news pe ri od i cal, con tain ing in -for ma tion of cur rent and timely interest

UN PUB LISHED DOC U MENTSN A doc u ment that has not been for mally pub -

lished

Secondary Publication Types (co-occur with Primary PTs)

AC A DEMIC DIS SER TA TIONS(1997; ret ro ac tive by Text Word)SN For mal writ ten dis courses pre sented to ful fill re -

quire ments for an ac a demic degree

AD DRESSES(1997)SN Speeches, ora tions, or writ ten state ments, usu -

ally for mal, to a par tic u lar group of per sons

BIB LI OG RA PHY(1997; ret ro ac tive by for mer Key word)SN A list of books, ar ti cles, and/or other sources,

usu ally on a sin gle sub ject or re lated sub jects

BI OG RA PHY(1997)

SN An ac count of the events, works, and achieve -ments, per sonal and pro fes sional, dur ing a per -son’s life

BOOK RE VIEWS(1998; ret ro ac tive by for mer Key word)SN A crit i cal anal y sis of a book

CASE STUD IES(1997)SN Ac counts of the facts of sit u a tions that pres ent

moral di lem mas, pre sented for the pur pose ofstim u lat ing dis cus sion or eth i cal analysis

COM MENT(1997)

C-1 AP PEN DIX C

SN A crit i cal or ex plan a tory note writ ten to dis cuss, sup port, or dis pute an ar ti cle or other pre sen ta -tion

DI REC TORY(1997)SN An al pha bet i cal or clas si fied list of names, or ga -

ni za tions, etc., giv ing usu ally ti tles, ad dresses,af fil i a tions, in ter ests, and other data

ED I TO RIAL(1997; ret ro ac tive by Ti tle Frag ment)SN A state ment of the opin ions, be liefs, and pol icy

of the ed i tor or pub lisher of a jour nal, usu allyon cur rent mat ters of bioethical sig nif i cance; in -cludes guest ed i to ri als; al ways co-oc curs withPub li ca tion Type JOUR NAL AR TI CLE orNEWSPAPER ARTICLE

GOV ERN MENT DOC U MENTS(1997)SN Doc u ments is sued by lo cal, re gional, or na tional

gov ern ments, or by an agency or sub di vi sion ofsuch a gov ern ment

GUIDE LINE(1997)SN A set of state ments, di rec tions, or prin ci ples

pre sent ing cur rent or fu ture rules or pol icy re -gard ing an is sue or is sues hav ing bioethical im -pli ca tions; in cludes codes of eth ics. ThePub li ca tion Type PRAC TICE GUIDE LINE isalso avail able, for de ci sions about ap pro pri atedi ag nos tic, ther a peu tic, or other clin i cal pro ce -dures for specific clinical circumstances

IN TER VIEW(1997)SN A con ver sa tion with an in di vid ual re gard ing his

or her back ground and other per sonal and pro -fes sional de tails, opin ions on spe cific sub jectsposed by the in ter viewer, etc.

LET TER(1997; ret ro ac tive by Ti tle Frag ment)SN Cor re spon dence to the ed i tor pub lished by a

jour nal or news pa per

MAN U ALS(1997)SN In struc tional ref er ence sources such as hand -

books

MEET ING RE PORT(1997)SN A publised re cord, or a sum ma rized ac count, of

a meet ing, con fer ence, con gress, sem i nar, sym -po sium, or workshop

MULTICENTER STUDY(1997)SN A study con ducted by sev eral co op er at ing in sti -

tu tions

NEWS(1997; ret ro ac tive by Ti tle Frag ment)SN A de scrip tion of re cent or cur rent events with

bioethical im pli ca tions; al ways co-oc curs withPub li ca tion Type JOUR NAL AR TI CLE orNEWS PA PER ARTICLE

POL ICY STATE MENTS(1997; ret ro ac tive by Ti tle Frag ment)SN Dec la ra tions of guid ing prin ci ples or courses of

ac tion is sued by as so ci a tions, or ga ni za tions, orgroups such as ad vi sory com mit tees or taskforces; in cludes position statements

PRAC TICE GUIDE LINE(1997)SN A set of di rec tions or prin ci ples to as sist the

health care prac ti tio ner with pa tient care de ci -sions about ap pro pri ate di ag nos tic, ther a peu tic,or other clin i cal pro ce dures for spe cific clin i calcir cum stances. Prac tice guide lines may be de -vel oped by gov ern ment agen cies at any level,in sti tu tions, or ga ni za tions such as pro fes sionalso ci et ies or gov ern ing boards, or by theconvening of expert panels

RE VIEW(1997; ret ro ac tive by Key word)SN An ar ti cle, mono graph, or an a lytic which pro -

vides a com pre hen sive ex am i na tion of bioethics or of a bioethical is sue or is sues, usu ally with an ex ten sive crit i cal anal y sis and syn the sis of theissue or issues

RE VIEW LIT ER A TURE(1998; MeSH map = same)SN A lit er a ture re view, i.e., a type of re view that

sur veys pre vi ously pub lished ma te rial; lim itedto doc u ments that are en tirely or pri mar ily lit er -a ture re views; co-oc curs with REVIEW

RE VIEW, TU TO RIAL(1997)SN A type of re view which pro vides a gen eral over -

view of a sub ject with which the reader may ormay not be fa mil iar; co-oc curs with REVIEW

TEXT BOOKS(1997)SN Books, in tended for use in the study of a sub -

ject, that con tain a sys tem atic pre sen ta tion ofthe prin ci ples of the subject

AP PEN DIX C C-2

APPENDIX D

LIST OF SUBJECT CAPTIONS (SC)

Sub ject Cap tions are two-let ter codes which can be used with En try Month (EM) for cur rent aware ness searches or withKeywords (KW) to limit searches by broad sub ject area or by type of ap proach to the study of bioethical is sues. Sub ject Cap -tions are avail able only in re cords in put to BIOETHICSLINE since the ini tial En try Month in di cated for each code on thefollowing list.

Broad Sub ject Area Rep re sented: Code to Be En trySearched (SC) Month (EM)

Bioethics and Professional Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8212Includes bioethics, medical, nursing, and other professional ethics.

Biomedical and Behavioral Research . . . . . . . . . . . . BR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8212Includes biomedical and behavioral researchin general, genetic research, human and animalexperimentation, and scientific misconduct.

Death, Euthanasia, and Prolongation of Life . . . . . . . . DE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8212Includes assisted suicide, active euthanasia, and allowing to die, resuscitation orders, and terminal care.

Genetics, Reproduction, and Abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . GR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8212Includes artificial insemination, eugenics,gene therapy, genetic counseling and screening, geneticintervention and research, prenatal diagnosis, in vitro fertilization,surrogate mothers, and other reproductive technologies.

Health Care and Public Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8212Includes AIDS and HIV seropositivity, biomedicaltechnologies, health care delivery, immunization, organand tissue donation and transplantation, public health,and resource allocation.

Mental Health Therapies and Behavior Control . . . . . . MH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8212Includes care of the mentally disabled, behavior con-trol, involuntary commitment, and psychotherapyand other specific mental health therapies.

Professional Patient Relationship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8212Includes patient care and the professional patient rela-tionship, confidentiality, informed consent, treatmentrefusal, and truth disclosure.

Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8212Includes such topics as biological and nuclearwarfare and torture (health professional’s role).

D-1 AP PEN DIX D

Gen eral Ap proach Rep re sented: Code to Be En trySearched (SC) Month (EM)

Analytical Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80(yr)Indicates that the document cited is a review oranalytical discussion of a bioethical issue. In February 1984, this Caption was generated retrospectively for existingBIOETHICSLINE records using the search strategy:“(KW) *ETHICAL ANALYSIS OR *MORAL POLICYOR POLICY ANALYSIS OR REVIEW OR PH(SC)”AND “GREATER THAN 79(YR).”

Clinical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8402Indicates that the document cited is from aclinical journal or text.

Empirical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73(yr)Indicates that the document cited discusses, or is an exampleof, the study of actual practices or of the impact of practicesbased on direct observation, use of statistical records, inter-views, or experimental methods. This Subject Caption wasgenerated retrospectively for existing BIOETHICSLINE records using the search strategy: “(KW) *EMPIRICALRESEARCH OR ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDIES OR EVALUATION STUDIES OR *QUALITATIVE RESEARCHOR *STATISTICS OR SURVEY,” or by searching selectedText Word/Keyword combinations.

Legal Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8312Indicates that the document cited is a court decision,bill, or law; or that it discusses legal rights, legalliability, legislation, government regulation, or otherlegal issues.

Philosophical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8312Indicates that the document cited includes substantivediscussion of philosophical theories or principles ofethics.

Popular Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8402Indicates that the document cited is from the massmedia, or from a journal or other publication gearedto the general public.

Religious Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8312Indicates that the document cited discusses a bioethical issue in the context of one or morereligious traditions.

AP PEN DIX D D-2

APPENDIX E

APPROACHES TO DEVISING A BIOETHICSLINE

KEYWORD (KW) SEARCH STRATEGY

1. Scan Ap pen dix B of the Bioethics The sau rus for ap pro pri ate “ma jor is sue” Keywords. (Ifnone rep re sent the topic you are look ing for, see 3. or 5. below.)

2. Check the main part of the The sau rus for the “ma jor is sue” Keywords se lected and ex am inetheir Broader, Nar rower, and Re lated (or al pha bet i cally ad ja cent) Terms. Se lect ap pro pri ateterms to be “ORed” to gether in a search statement.

3. If you can not find your topic on the “ma jor is sue” Keywords list, con sult the al pha betic mainpart of the The sau rus.

4. It is usu ally a good idea to as ter isk (*) Keywords on the “ma jor is sue” list. Keywords not onthis list may be tried with out an as ter isk, then asterisked if re trieval is too great. Keywords an no -tated “Used as a tag” should not be asterisked.

5. If you can not find ap pro pri ate Keywords, do a ti tle or sub ject search for the term that in ter estsyou, (if us ing ELHILL, do a Ti tle Frag ment or Text Word search), scan your re trieval for rel e vant ti tles, and ex am ine them for con sis tent pat terns of keyword indexing.

6. Scan the ta ble of con tents of the an nual Bib li og ra phy of Bioethics for ap pro pri ate Sub jectHead ings, look for rel e vant ci ta tions, and ex am ine the Keywords printed with them.

7. Do not rou tinely add Keywords such as ETH ICS, MED I CAL ETH ICS, or MORAL OB LI GA -TIONS to a search strat egy. Be cause all ci ta tions in BIOETHICSLINE have eth i cal im pli ca -tions, such Keywords are used spar ingly in in dex ing, for ci ta tions that ac tu ally dis cuss theconcepts as such.

8. Limit searches only af ter you feel con fi dent that your search is ap pro pri ately com pre hen sive.If you need to limit, con sider asterisking Keywords; “ANDing” ad di tional sub ject Keywordsand/or Text Words; or lim it ing by Years, Pub li ca tion Types, or ap proach-ori ented Sub ject Cap -tions (see Ap pen dix D of the The sau rus for a list of Sub ject Cap tions and their initial EntryMonths).

9. Use the Pub li ca tion Type RE VIEW to limit re trieval only to re views.

10. Use the Sub ject Cap tion AN to limit re trieval to an a lyt i cal dis cus sions pub lished since 1980.

11. Use the Sub ject Cap tion EM to limit re trieval to em pir i cal re search.

E-1 APPENDIX E

Documents

Bioethics Thesaurus 1999 Edition