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Bioenergy in DenmarkMichael Persson 13. sep. 16
Bioenergy in Denmark
Michael Persson,Danish Bioenergy AssociationE-mail: [email protected]
Danish Polish Bioenergy Seminar13. September 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark Photo: DONG Energy
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Agenda
1. DI Bioenergy – Danish Bioenergy Association
2. Danish bioenergy market statistics
3. Danish energy and climate policy
4. Danish bioenergy development
5. Conclusion
2
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Danish Bioenergy Association
The voice and forum of the Danish bioenergy industry, working for:
• an optimal regulatory environment for bioenergy,
• strengthening the business of its members, and
• cohesion and visibility for bioenergy and the bioenergy industry
Members include technology producers and suppliers, consulting engineers, utilities and developers
Members activities are combustion, biofuels, biogas and biorefining
DI Bioenergy is an industry association within the Confederation of Danish Industry and member of the European Biomass Association
3
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Key Issues
• “Bioenergy Counts”, bioenergy is important to reduce CO2 emission
• Bioenergy is a cost-effective contribution to energy transition
• Bioenergy+ for the future, bio-economy and bio-refining
• Biogas can contribute to greening of the gas system
• Maintain and develop platform for competencies
• Export promotion and internationalisation
4
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Production of Renewable EnergyBioenergy is biggest
PJ
5
Windpower Straw Wood Waste, biodegradable part Other
Source: Danish Energy Agency
Biogas
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1990 '95 '00 '05 '10 '14
Vindkraft Halm
Træ Biogas
Affald, bionedbrydeligt Øvrige
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Consumption of Renewable Energy
PJ
6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1990 '95 '00 '05 '10 '14
Vind Biomasse Biogas Andet
Source: Danish Energy Agency
Wind Biomass Biogas Other
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Growing Imports of Renewable Energy
PJ
7
Windpower Straw Wood Waste, biodegradeable OtherProduction of Renewable Energy Net Import of Renewable Energy
(note: table only updated to 2013)Source: Danish Energy Agency
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Almost all pellets used in Denmark are imported
• Domestic production approx. 100,000 tons
• Imports approx. 2,100,000 tons
• Consumption will continue to grow due to conversion of central CHP plant from coal and gas to biomass
• Some production of wood chips from Danish forests and wood industry
8
Source: FORCE Technology
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Danish energy and climate policy
• Ambitious climate and energy policy, starting 1985 with a decision not to use nuclear energy and later adding incentives for biomass and wind
• Based on energy agreements in parliament adopted by vast parliamentary majority, lasting usually two terms
• Instruments are a mix of non-financial regulation and taxes and subsidies
• Present agreement from 2012 includes a vision of an energy system independent from fossil fuels by 2050
• Lately increased focus on cost-effectiveness
9
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Denmark’s climate targets
10
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Five scenarios 2035 / 2050
11
Source: Danish Energy Agency
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Fossil-free scenarios only marginally more expensive
• Fossil-free scenarios cost 5-20% more (EUR 0.8-4bn) per year
• Biomass scenario is the cheapest scenario
• But the difference is only marginal and uncertainty substantial
12
Source: Danish Energy Agency, 2014
Hydrogen
Fuel
Savings
Oper & maint
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Taxes and subsidies in power production and co-generated heat
13
Source: Danish Energy Agency
Taxes
Su
bsid
ies
----- Biomass ------- Gas --Windpower--CoalBio
TotalSubsidyCO2 quota price
NOx taxSO2 taxCO2 taxEnergy tax
Ta
xe
s a
nd
su
bsid
ies f
or
pow
er
pro
du
ction
-D
KK
0.0
1/K
Wh
Decentral
CHP
woodchips
Decentral
CHP
straw
Decentral
CHP
biogas
Decentral
CHP
Upgraded biogas
Decentral
CHP
natural gas
Central
CHP
wood pellets
Central
CHP
coal
Wind
land
Wind
Off-shore
Wind
near-shore
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Conversion of central power plants from coal to biomass
• Danish power plants are in a historic conversion from coal to wood pellets
• Result of the energy agreement 2012
• The map shows the plans as of 2012 and towards 2020. Most of the plan have been executed or are in process
14
Source: Ingeniøren, 2012
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
New biogas plants for upgrading and injection into the gas-grid
Improved support for biogas and upgrading to natural gas quality since 2014
Support 2016-2020:
CHP 15.5 €/GJ
Gas grid 15.5 €/GJ
Industry 10.1 €/GJ
Transport 10.1 €/GJ
Other (heat) 4.9 €/GJ
For all 1.4€/GJ will be phased out towards 2020
Most new biogas plants are built for upgrading to natural gas quality for the gas grid
More new plants are in the pipeline
15
Source: Ingeniøren, 2014
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Industry agreement to ensure sustainable biomass
• CHP plants recognise sustainability
• Preference for EU-wide criteria
• Industry agreement adopted to ensure sustainability of wood pellets and chips
• Inspired by similar regulation or voluntary agreements in Belgium, the Netherlands and particularly the UK
• Valid for all plants above 20MW capacity
• Plants oblige themselves to document sustainability with implementation from 40% in 2016 to 100% in 2019
16
Industry agreement presented to the Danish climate and energy minister by heads of Danish Energy Association and District Heating Association in December 2014
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
New development: Cellulosic Ethanol / Biorefinery
• Plans for a biorefinery based on DONG Energy / Inbicon technology
• Local utility companies with Novozymes & DONG Energy
• Integrated with local CHP and biogas plant
• Received NER300 grant of €39m
• Investment decision subject to blending requirement for cellulosic ethanol and financing model
17
Input: 300,000 t wheat straw
Output: 80 mill. liter ethanol70,000 t lignin90,000 t vinasse
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Side benefit of Danish policy: Massive export of energy technology
18
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1996 '00 '05 '10 '14
Eksport af energiteknologi og -udstyr
Andel af Danmarks samlede eksport (højre akse)
Source: Danish Energy Agency
DKK 1,000 millions
Export of energy technology and equipment
Share of total Danish export (right axis)
Bioenergy in Denmark 13. sep. 16Michael Persson
Conclusion• Fossil-independence in 2050 is the political goal for Denmark.
• Bioenergy will account for most of Denmark’s renewable energy many years ahead
• Ambitious energy and climate policy has laid the ground for strong energy industry and export of energy technology
19
Photo: DONG Energy
Bioenergy in DenmarkMichael Persson 13. sep. 16
Danish Bioenergy AssociationMichael Persson, Head of Secretariat, e-mail: [email protected]
For more information:
www.energi.di.dk/dibioenergi – Danish Bioenergy Association
www.energi.di.dk – Danish Energy Industries Federation
www.stateofgreen.com – State of Green, projects and companies
www.ens.dk – Danish Energy Agency
www.basisbioenergy.eu – Overview of the bioenergy market in selected EU countries