Biodiversity Assessment Report September 2012€¦ · Conacher Environmental Groupto identify the biodiversity : characteristics of land within the subject site. This Report provides

Appendix K Biodiversity assessment report September 2012

BIODIVERISTY ASSESSMENT REPORT

PROPOSED UPGRADE TO SPARKS ROAD (VIRGINIA ROAD TO HIAWATHA ROAD) WOONGARRAH & HAMLYN TERRACE

OCTOBER 2012 (REF: 2077)

BIODIVERISTY ASSESSMENT REPORT

PROPOSED UPGRADE TO SPARKS ROAD (VIRGINIA ROAD TO HIAWATHA ROAD) WOONGARRAH & HAMLYN TERRACE

OCTOBER 2012

Conacher Environmental Group

Environmental and Land Management Consultants

Suite E, 78 York Street, East Gosford NSW PO Box 4300, East Gosford NSW

Phone: 02 4324 7888 Fax: 02 43247899 [email protected]

This document is copyright ©

Conacher Environmental Group ABN 62 274 841 042

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Project Description ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Study Area ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Legislative Context ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.5 Study Aims .................................................................................................................................. 2 2. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Personnel .................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Database Searches and Literature Reviews ............................................................................... 3 2.3 Field Survey ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.4 Survey Effort................................................................................................................................ 6 2.5 Limitations ................................................................................................................................. 11 3. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Landscape Context ................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Landuse ..................................................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Vegetation Communities, Flora and Fauna Species and Habitats ........................................... 12 3.4 Threatened Ecological Communities ........................................................................................ 20 3.5 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems ...................................................................................... 23 3.6 Threatened Species and Endangered Populations .................................................................. 23 3.7 Migratory and Marine Species .................................................................................................. 42 3.8 Critical Habitat ........................................................................................................................... 44 3.9 Wildlife Connectivity Corridors .................................................................................................. 44 3.10 SEPP’s ...................................................................................................................................... 45 4. POTENTIAL IMPACTS ............................................................................................................. 47 4.1 Loss of Vegetation/Habitats ...................................................................................................... 47 4.2 Wildlife Connectivity and Habitat Fragmentation ...................................................................... 47 4.3 Injury and Mortality .................................................................................................................... 47 4.4 Weeds ....................................................................................................................................... 48 4.5 Pests and Pathogens ................................................................................................................ 48 4.6 Changed Hydrology .................................................................................................................. 48 4.7 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems ...................................................................................... 48 4.8 Aquatic Impacts ......................................................................................................................... 48 4.9 Noise, Vibration and Light ......................................................................................................... 48 4.10 Impact on Relevant Key Threatening Processes ...................................................................... 48 4.11 Cumulative Impacts ................................................................................................................... 50 4.12 Koala Habitat ............................................................................................................................. 50 4.13 Coastal Wetlands ...................................................................................................................... 50 4.14 Littoral Rainforest ...................................................................................................................... 51 4.15 Other Sensitive Ecological Sites Protected By State or Local Planning Instruments ............... 51 5. MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................................................................ 52 6. SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENTS ............................................................................................ 53 6.1 EPBC Act Assessment .............................................................................................................. 53 6.2 EP&A Act Assessment of Significance ..................................................................................... 55 6.3 EP&A Act Assessment of Impact on Protected Fauna And Protected Native Plants ............... 69 6.4 Assessment of Significance Summaries ................................................................................... 69 7. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 73 8. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 74 APPENDIX 1 Weather Conditions During Survey Periods FIGURES Figure 2.1 Flora and Fauna Survey Locations & Vegetation Communities Figure 3.1 Wildlife Connectivity Corridors

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The proposal is for the upgrade of an approximately 1.4 kilometre section of Sparks Road between the Virginia Road and Hiawatha Road Intersections. This report has been prepared to identify the ecological characteristics of the subject site. The site covers an area of approximately 11.4 hectares and is located within the Wyong Local Government Area. The NSW Roads and Maritime Services are the consent authority for the proposed works. Ecological surveys have identified that the site contains disturbed habitats consisting of Disturbed/Regrowth Narrabeen Buttonderry Footslopes Forest, Planted Vegetation, Dam Vegetation and Cleared Land. The threatened species, Rutidosis heterogama and the Little Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus australis), were observed during surveys. No threatened populations or threatened ecological communities were observed within the subject site during surveys. The current proposal will not require the removal of any the identified specimens of R. heterogama. A 215 metre buffer exists between areas of proposed works and the identified location of this species. Assessments undertaken have determined that the proposed development is not likely to have a significant effect on threatened species, populations or ecological communities or their habitats. A Species Impact Statement is not required for the proposed development in accordance with Section 5A of the NSW Government Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (1979). A referral to the Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities in accordance with the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999) is considered unnecessary. It is recommended that the proposed works are undertaken in accordance with the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011) to manage and minimise the potential effects of the proposal on the existing environment.

Biodiversity Assessment Report – Sparks Road Woongarrah and Hamlyn Terrace (Ref: 2077) © Conacher Environmental Group Ph: (02)4324 7888

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

This Biodiversity Assessment Report has been prepared by Conacher Environmental Group in accordance with the Transport Roads and Maritime Services, Environmental Impact Assessment Practice Note Biodiversity Assessment, to identify the flora and fauna characteristics of land for the upgrading of Sparks Road between the Virginia Road and Hiawatha Road intersections.

1.2 Project Description

The proposed development is for the upgrade of Sparks Road over a distance of approximately 1.4 km between the Virginia Road and Hiawatha Road intersections. The proposed upgrade will include the provision of a dual carriageway along Sparks Road and the associated upgrading of the road intersections for the Warnervale Town Centre Access Road and Mary MacKillop Drive. The proposal will require site regrading, construction of bitumen road and road resurfacing, line-marking, landscaping, relocation of services and installation of traffic lights, pavement areas, drainage, utilities and signage.

1.3 Study Area

The planning and cadastral details of the subject site are provided in Table 1.1

TABLE 1.1 SITE DETAILS

Location Sparks Road and the road reserve areas and intersections between Virginia Road and Hiawatha Road at Woongarrah and Hamlyn Terrace. Works will also be required within Lot 21 DP 543514, Lot 7 DP 739910, Lot 1 DP 781737, Lot 2 DP 1155796 and Lots 3 and 4 DP 7738.

Area Approximately 11.47 hectares Topographic Map Dooralong 1:25 000 Grid Reference 356318E 6320826N - 357671E 6320602N Local Government Area Wyong Existing Land Uses Sparks Road and associated road reserve, rural residential / vacant land

Proposed Activity Upgrade to Sparks Road and associated intersections for the Warnervale Town Centre and Mary MacKillop Drive.

1.4 Legislative Context

1.4.1 Commonwealth Legislation

Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, (1999) requires that Commonwealth approval be obtained for certain actions. The Act provides an assessment and approvals systems for actions that have a significant impact on matters of National Environment Significance (NES). Where a proposed activity is located in an area identified to be of National Environmental Significance, or such that it is likely to significantly impact a matter of National Environmental Significance, the proposal needs to be referred to the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPaC).

1.4.2 State Legislation

Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 The Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) provides the statutory basis for planning and environmental assessment in New South Wales. For the purposes of Part 5 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (1979), consideration must be given to the likely impact of a proposed ‘activity’ on the environment.


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The matters addressed in this Report are considered relevant to the matters required to be addresses under the provisions of Part 5 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (1979). An assessment of significance in accordance with Section 5A of the EP&A Act (1979) has been undertaken to determine whether the proposal will have a significant impact on threatened species, populations or ecological communities or their habitats. Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 The Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) protects threatened flora and fauna species, endangered populations and endangered ecological communities and their habitats within NSW (excluding fish and marine plants which are protected by the Fisheries Management Act 1994). The Act also lists declared critical habitat, key threatening processes and allows for the preparation of Recovery Plans and Threat Abatement Plans. Fisheries Management Act (1994) The Fisheries Management Act (1994) (FM Act) protects threatened aquatic flora and fauna species, populations and endangered ecological communities and their habitats within NSW. National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 In accordance with Part 5 Section 111 4(c) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (1979) the determining authority must consider the effect of an activity on any other protected fauna or protected native plants (in addition to threatened species, populations and ecological communities) within the meaning of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. State Environmental Planning Policies The following State Environmental Planning Policies, relevant to biodiversity matters have been assessed for the proposed development:

- SEPP 14 - Coastal Wetlands; - SEPP 19 – Bushland in Urban Areas; - SEPP 26 - Littoral Rainforest; and - SEPP 44 - Koala Habitat Assessment.

1.5 Study Aims

This Report has been prepared by Conacher Environmental Group to identify the biodiversity characteristics of land within the subject site. This Report provides an assessment of existing habitats and the potential for the proposed development to significantly impact on threatened species according to Section 5(A) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (EP&A) 1979, the Threatened Species Conservation Act (TSA) 1995 and the Fisheries Management Act (FM) 1994. This Report also provides an assessment of the potential for the proposed development to significantly affect threatened species according to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC) (1999).


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2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Personnel

The team for this project involved the following key personnel:

Phillip Anthony Conacher B.Sc.(Hons), Dip.Urb Reg Planning, M.Nat.Res. NPWS Scientific Licence Number: SL100361 Director Conacher Environmental Group Jacob Manners B.Sc. NPWS Scientific Licence Number: SL100361 Senior Ecological Consultant Conacher Environmental Group Paul Gerard Shelley Grad. Cert. Appl. Sc

NPWS Scientific Licence Number: SL100361 Fauna Technician Conacher Environmental Group Dean Conacher NPWS Scientific Licence Number: SL100361 GIS Analyst Conacher Environmental Group Barry Collier NPWS Scientific Licence Number: SL100361 Consultant Botanist

2.2 Database Searches and Literature Reviews

Database searches were conducted to provide background information and identify records of listed threatened and migratory species located within 10km of the site. The databases searched are listed in Table 2.1.

TABLE 2.1 DATABASE SEARCHES CONDUCTED

Database Searched

Purpose of Search

Date Viewed

Reference

Bionet Atlas of NSW Wildlife Identify threatened species records within 10km of the site

September 2012 NSW OEH 2012a

EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool

Identify threatened and migratory species records within 10km of the site

September 2012 SEWPAC 2012

OEH Vegetation Types Database

Identify corresponding vegetation types

September 2012 NSW OEH 2012b

OEH Biobanking Threatened Species Profile Database

Identify profiles for relevant threatened species

September 2012 NSW OEH 2012b

NSW Primary Industries Fishing and Aqua Culture - Records Viewer

Identify threatened aquatic species records within 10km of the subject site

September 2012 NSW DPI 2012a

Noxious Weed Declarations database

Identify noxious weeds for the Wyong LGA

September 2012 NSW DPI 2012b


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The results of the surveys and assessments prepared in the following documents were reviewed and utilised for this report.

- Flora and Fauna Investigations, Proposed Warnervale Town Centre, Wyong Shire (Forest Fauna Surveys & Eastcoast Flora Surveys 2004);

- Biodiversity Certification Application Report for the Warnervale Town Centre (Eco Logical Australia 2008);

- Preliminary Ecological Survey, Proposed Road Widening, Sparks Road, Warnervale, NSW

(Lesryk Environmental Consultants 2012); and

- Threatened Species Assessment Report, Proposed Intersection for the Warnervale Town Centre Main Access Road & Sparks Road, Woongarrah (Conacher Environmental Group 2012).

2.3 Field Survey

2.3.1 Flora Field Surveys

Previous Flora Surveys

Previous flora surveys were undertaken within the subject site and/or study area by Forest Fauna Surveys & Eastcoast Flora Surveys (2004), Conacher Environmental Group (2012) and Lesryk Environmental Consultants (2012).

Current Flora Surveys Aerial Photograph Interpretation

Aerial photographs at 1:25,000 scale were utilised to identify the extent of vegetation with respect to the site and surrounding areas.

Site Stratification

• Field surveys which consisted of foot traverses within vegetated areas were conducted according to Cropper (1993) to identify the occurrence of flora species and the extent and location of vegetation communities present across the subject site and to determine the positioning of more intensive survey locations.

• The site was inspected to determine the extent and condition of the vegetation present. • The site was stratified as one natural vegetation unit. Surveys were located to account for

variation in dominant flora species and the condition and disturbance present within the site.

Detailed flora transect and quadrat surveys were undertaken generally incorporating the methodologies outlined by DEC (2004). Meander searches were conducted across the site. Transect Sampling

Four linear meander transects of varying length were traversed on foot with recording of all vascular plant species observed.

Quadrat Sampling

Three vegetation quadrats of 400m2 plot area were sampled with recording of all vascular plant species observed and their cover abundance score utilising the following scale: - 1 = rare - 2 = occasional - 3 = common


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- 4 = very common but less than 5% - 5 = 5-25% - 6 = 26-50% - 7 = 51-75%

Flora Species Identification

All vascular plants were identified using keys and nomenclature in Harden (1994), Harden and Murray (2000) and Harden (2002). Wherever they were known, changes to nomenclature and classification have been incorporated into the results. Specimens of plants not readily identified in the field were collected for identification. Specimens of plants tentatively identified as threatened species are sent to the Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens for confirmation of the identification.

Targeted Searches and Seasonality

In order to detect cryptic flora species that are best identified at particular times of the year, targeted seasonal searches were undertaken in accordance with the ecology of the subject species, as deemed necessary to supplement transect and quadrat sampling undertaken. Targeted searches were also undertaken as part of previous surveys within the study area. The dates of targeted searches are listed in Section 2.4.

Vegetation Community Nomenclature

Identification of vegetation formations and classes was undertaken in accordance with Keith (2004). Classification was then applied according to species composition and the structural classifications of Specht et al (1995). The vegetation types identified were also matched to previous vegetation mapping and classifications for the subject site and study area undertaken by Bell (2002). Corresponding threatened ecological communities listed within the EPBC Act (1999) and the TSC Act (1995) were identified where present.

2.3.2 Fauna Field Surveys

Previous Fauna Surveys

Previous fauna surveys were undertaken within the subject site and/or study area by Forest Fauna Surveys & Eastcoast Flora Surveys (2004), Conacher Environmental Group (2012) and Lesryk Environmental Consultants (2012).

Current Fauna Surveys

A detailed fauna survey of the subject site was undertaken generally incorporating the methodologies outlined in DEC NSW (2004). Due to the disturbed condition of the site and the extent of previous surveys undertaken it was considered that more than two nights of nocturnal survey and fauna trapping surveys were not necessary.

The methods that were utilised consisted of: • Targeted nocturnal and diurnal reptile and amphibian searches; • Diurnal and nocturnal bird surveys; • Diurnal and nocturnal mammal surveys; • Call detection surveys; • Recorded call playback for threatened nocturnal bird and mammal species; • Spotlighting;


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• Bat echolocation call detection; • Koala habitat assessment; • Habitat searches and opportunistic observations during the completion of method specific

fauna surveys; and • Hollow bearing tree survey.

2.4 Survey Effort

Flora and fauna survey details are shown in Table 2.2 and flora and fauna survey locations are shown in Figure 2.1. A summary of the weather conditions during fauna surveys is provided in Appendix 1. Flora Surveys Previous Flora Surveys

TABLE 2.2 PREVIOUS FLORA SURVEYS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

Date Tasks Undertaken 27 August 2003 General reconnaissance Eastcoast Flora Survey 16 September 2003 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic

species survey Eastcoast Flora Survey

26 September 2003 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic species survey

Eastcoast Flora Survey

30 September 2003 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic species survey


17 October 2003 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic species survey


20 October 2003 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic species survey


11 November 2003 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic species survey; plot based survey








1 December 2003 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic species survey; plot based survey


10 December 2003 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic species survey; plot based survey


13 January 2004 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic species survey


18 February 2004 Targeted terrestrial orchid / other cryptic species survey


28 May 2010 Targeted cryptic flora search / site inspection


22 September 2010 Targeted cryptic flora search / site inspection


15 September 2011 Targeted cryptic flora search / site inspection


8 December 2011 General flora survey / cryptic flora search Lesryk Environmental Consultants



24 February 2012 General flora survey / cryptic flora search Lesryk Environmental Consultants


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TABLE 2.2 PREVIOUS FLORA SURVEYS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

Date Tasks Undertaken 16 February 2012 Targeted cryptic flora search / site

inspection Conacher Environmental Group

Current Flora Surveys A detailed flora survey consisting of systematic flora searches was conducted across the subject site on 27 August 2012. • Three 400m2 quadrats were sampled within the subject site for all flora species;

• Linear meander transects were surveyed on both the northern and southern side of Sparks Road

along the entire length of the subject site;

• Additional targeted meander searches for threatened flora species were conducted across the site during current surveys. Dates of surveys and details of survey effort are provided below:

- 5 September 2012 (1hr); - 7 September 2012 (1hr); - 14 September 2012 (0.5hrs) - 21 September 2012 (0.5hrs).

Seasonal Flora Searches The flowering times of cryptic threatened flora and the dates of seasonally targeted searches are provided in Table 2.3.

TABLE 2.3 FLOWERING TIMES OF CRYPTIC FLORA

SPECIES FLOWERING PERIOD* SURVEYED Caladenia porphyrea August - October 27 August 2003

16 September 2003 26 September 2003 30 September 2003 17 October 2003 20 October 2003 22 September 2010 15 September 2011 27 August 2012 5 September 2012 7 September 2012 14 September 2012 21 September 2012

Caladenia tessellata September - November 16 September 2003 26 September 2003 30 September 2003 17 October 2003 20 October 2003 11 November 2003 19 November 2003 24 November 2003 25 November 2003 22 September 2010 15 September 2011 5 September 2012 7 September 2012 14 September 2012 21 September 2012


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SPECIES FLOWERING PERIOD* SURVEYED Cryptostylis hunteriana November – February 11 November 2003

19 November 2003 24 November 2003 25 November 2003 1 December 2003 10 December 2003 13 January 2004 18 February 2004 8 December 2011 9 December 2011 15 December 2011 24 February 2012 16 February 2012

Diuris praecox July - September 27 August 2003 22 September 2010 15 September 2011 27 August 2012 5 September 2012 7 September 2012 14 September 2012 21 September 2012

Genoplesium insignis September - October 16 September 2003 26 September 2003 30 September 2003 17 October 2003 20 October 2003 22 September 2010 15 September 2011 5 September 2012 7 September 2012 14 September 2012 21 September 2012

Rutidosis heterogama (Note: species flowers sporadically and is observable outside of the flowering period)

November – May

11 November 2003 19 November 2003 24 November 2003 25 November 2003 1 December 2003 10 December 2003 13 January 2004 18 February 2004 28 May 2010 8 December 2011 9 December 2011 15 December 2011 24 February 2012 16 February 2012 Observed during surveys

Tetratheca juncea July - February 27 August 2003 16 September 2003 26 September 2003 30 September 2003 17 October 2003 20 October 2003 11 November 2003 19 November 2003 24 November 2003


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SPECIES FLOWERING PERIOD* SURVEYED 25 November 2003 1 December 2003 10 December 2003 13 January 2004 18 February 2004 22 September 2010 15 September 2011 8 December 2011 9 December 2011 15 December 2011 24 February 2012 16 February 2012 27 August 2012 5 September 2012 7 September 2012 14 September 2012 21 September 2012

Thelymitra sp. adorata September - October 16 September 2003 26 September 2003 30 September 2003 17 October 2003 20 October 2003 22 September 2010 15 September 2011 5 September 2012 7 September 2012 14 September 2012 21 September 2012

* The flowering period may differ (earlier or later) due to annual differences in seasonal characteristics

Fauna Surveys Previous Fauna Surveys Previous fauna surveys have been undertaken within the subject site by FFS & EFS (2004), Lesryk Environmental Consultants (2012) and Conacher Environmental Group (2012). Forest Fauna Surveys and Eastcoast Flora Survey Fauna surveys undertaken by FFS & EFS (2004) were undertaken as part of the ecological investigations for the Warnervale Town Centre. A summary of total survey effort undertaken by FFS & EFS (2004) for fauna groups is provided in Table 2.4.

TABLE 2.4 EFS & FFS FAUNA SURVEY EFFORT

Fauna Group Technique Survey Effort Small Mammals Elliot A 375 trap nights Larger Mammals Cage Trap 24 trap nights Arboreal Mammals Elliot B Arboreal 120 trap nights Spotlight Searches 6.0 hours Bats Harp Trap 10 harp trap nights Anabat Recording 20 nights Reptiles Diurnal Searches 5 hours

Amphibians Nocturnal Searches 2.5 hours


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The fauna survey dates and weather conditions for surveys undertaken by FFS & EFS (2004) for the Warnervale Town Centre study area are provided in Table 2.5.

TABLE 2.5 EFS & FFS FAUNA SURVEY DATES AND WEATHER CONDITIONS

(FFS & EFS 2004) Date Min.

Temp ºC

Max. Temp

ºC

Wind Speed (Direction and Knots)

9am

Wind Speed (Direction and

Knots) 3pm

Cloud Cover

Rainfall (mm) 24hrs

Moon

27/20/03 14 19 W 2 ENE 7 2/8 0.0 0/4 28/10/03 16 21 Calm NE 3 3/8 0.0 0/4 29/10/03 17 25 WSW 10 W 12 1/8 0.0 0/4 30/10/03 12 23 W 2 SW 5 1/8 0.0 0/4 18/11/03 14 21 SSW 2 SE 5 0/8 10.0 1/4 19/11/03 15 18 SSW 2 S 6 5/8 0.0 1/4 20/11/03 14 19 SW 5 S 5 4/8 0.0 1/4 Lesryk Environmental Consultants Previous diurnal fauna surveys undertaken by Lesryk Environmental Consultants (2012) were completed as part of the preliminary ecological investigations for the proposed development on 8, 9 and 15 December 2011 and 24 February 2012. Conacher Environmental Group Previous diurnal fauna searches were conducted by Conacher Environmental Group (2012) on 28 May 2010, 22 September 2010, 15 September 2011 and 16 February 2012 as part of previous investigations for the subject site and previous investigations for the Main Access Road and the extension of Nikko Road. Current Fauna Survey Fauna survey details are shown in Table 2.6 and fauna survey locations are shown in Figure 2.1. A summary of the weather conditions during fauna surveys is provided in Appendix 1.

TABLE 2.6 FAUNA SURVEY DETAILS

Survey Type Date Survey Method Survey Effort/Time Diurnal Surveys

27 August 2012 Diurnal bird census Diurnal reptile and amphibian searches Habitat survey Hollow bearing tree survey Opportunistic observation

2hrs (0800-1000)

5 September 2012

Diurnal bird census Diurnal reptile and amphibian searches Habitat survey Opportunistic observation

1hr (1700-1800)

7 September 2012

Diurnal bird census Diurnal reptile and amphibian searches Habitat survey Opportunistic observation

1hr (0815-0915)

Total = 4hrs over 3 diurnal surveys Nocturnal Surveys

5 September 2012

Nocturnal bird call playback survey Targeted nocturnal reptile, bird and mammal spotlight search

1hr (1800-1900)


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TABLE 2.6 FAUNA SURVEY DETAILS

Survey Type Date Survey Method Survey Effort/Time Opportunistic observation and call detection

6 September 2012

Nocturnal bird call playback survey Targeted nocturnal reptile, bird and mammal spotlight search Opportunistic observation and call detection

1hr (1800-1900)

Total = 2 hrs of nocturnal surveys over 2 nights 5 September 2012

Anabat bat echolocation call detection x 2 units

2 microbat echolocation call recorders overnight

6 September 2012

Anabat bat echolocation call detection x 2 units

2 microbat echolocation call recorders overnight

Total = 4 microbat echolocation call recorders over 2 nights

2.5 Limitations

Noise interference was experienced during fauna survey periods due to proximity to roads. This limitation was relatively minor and could not be overcome by undertaking surveys at alternate times.


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3. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Landscape Context

The landscape characteristics of the site are described below in Table 3.1.

TABLE 3.1 SITE CHARACTERISTICS

Elevation Natural contours of approximately 20 to 30 m AHD Topography Disturbed topography associated with existing roads Slope Natural contours are approximately 5° Aspect South-east Geology The site is underlain by Tuggerah Sandstone Soil Type Soils of the Gorokan Soil Landscape Climate Mean annual rainfall - 1160.5mm

Mean Annual Temperature: Min 15.1°C – Max. 22.1°C (Recorded from nearest weather station at Norah Head)

Catchment Tuggerah Lake Drainage The site is drained by overland flow to unnamed drainage lines and by

roadside stormwater drainage. Disturbance History The site is predominantly cleared for Sparks Road and vegetated

areas are regularly maintained in roadside areas. Adjoining properties have been disturbed by rural residential occupation.

3.2 Landuse

The site is intersected by Sparks Road which is bordered by disturbed land within the road reserve and adjoining properties which are predominantly subject to rural residential type landuse.

3.3 Vegetation Communities, Flora and Fauna Species and Habitats

Vegetation Communities and Flora Species The following vegetation communities were identified within the subject site:

• Disturbed/Regrowth Narrabeen Buttonderry Footslopes Forest • Planted Vegetation • Cleared Land • Dam Vegetation

Vegetation community descriptions are provided below while a detailed species list is provided in Table 3.2. The locations of vegetation communities are shown in Figure 2.1. The threatened flora species, Rutidosis heterogama, was observed during surveys, observation locations are shown in Figure 2.1. DISTURBED/REGROWTH NARRABEEN BUTTONDERRY FOOTSLOPES FOREST Structure: Trees: To 6-15m high with 0-5% Projected Foliage Cover (PFC). Shrubs: To 4m high, with a 0-30% PFC. Groundlayer: To 0.5m high with 90% PFC. Floristics (main species present): Trees: Angophora costata, Eucalyptus fibrosa, and Eucalyptus capitellata.


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Shrubs: Melaleuca nodosa, Allocasuarina littoralis, Acacia parramattensis and Kunzea ambigua.

Groundlayer: Paspalum urvillei, Andropogon virginicus, Themeda australis, Pennisetum clandestinum.

Exotics: Paspalum urvillei, Andropogon virginicus, Pennisetum clandestinum, Lantana

camara, Senecio madagascariensis and Rubus anglocandicans. Classification: The species composition of this highly modified vegetation type includes elements characteristic of Map Unit 28 Narrabeen Buttonderry Footslopes Forest, as mapped by Bell (2002). With regard to the OEH Biometric Vegetation Types Database this community corresponds to the Dry Sclerophyll Forests (Shrub/grass subformation) vegetation formation, the Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests vegetation class and has broad similarities to the vegetation type HU631 Spotted Gum - Grey Ironbark open forest on the foothills of the Central Coast, Sydney Basin. This vegetation type is not described as a locally significant vegetation type by Bell (2002). Regionally this vegetation type is included in mapping by House (2003) as Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum-Ironbark Forest, which is not described as a regionally significant vegetation type. This vegetation community is not listed as a threatened ecological community within the TSC Act (1995) or the EPBC Act (1999). Variation: This vegetation community is highly variable with regard to species composition, level of disturbance and structure. The variation observed is attributed to the extent of previous disturbance. This community is composed of areas which contain remnant native trees with disturbed understorey, dense thickets of M. nodosa, linear areas of tall regrowth shrub vegetation and small patches of small regrowth eucalypts with scattered shrubs. Disturbance: The vegetation within the site has been disturbed by past clearing, ongoing management and invasion by exotic species. Weeds: The whole of this community is affected by exotic species, especially in the ground layer. Location and Distribution: This vegetation community occupies approximately 2.21 hectares and occurs within the areas of the site which contain regrowth and remnant native vegetation and has a patchy distribution throughout the site on both sides of Sparks Road. PLANTED VEGETATION Structure: Trees: To 15m high with 30% PFC. Shrubs: To 2m high, with a 60% PFC. Groundlayer: To 0.5m high with 20% PFC. Floristics (main species present): Trees: Corymbia maculata. Shrubs: Waterhousea floribunda, Melaleuca armillaris, Kunzea ambigua, Callistemon

salignus. Groundlayer: Lomandra longifolia.


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Exotics: Hypochaeris radicata. Classification: The vegetation within this community has been planted. This vegetation community does not correspond to any threatened ecological community listed within the TSC Act (1995) or the EPBC Act (1999). Variation: A small area in the western section of the site contains a canopy stratum of Pinus elliotti. Disturbance: This vegetation community contains planted vegetation on previously cleared and disturbed land. Weeds: This vegetation community contains planted vegetation. Weed management (spraying) of the groundlayer stratum had been undertaken prior to surveys and exotic species cover was low. Location and Distribution: This vegetation community occupies approximately 0.39 hectares occurs on the southern side of Sparks Road east of Hiawatha Road. CLEARED LAND Areas of Cleared Land occur where native canopy and shrub layer vegetation have been predominantly removed and understorey vegetation is dominated by occasional native shrubs and/or exotic grasses such as Pennisetum clandestinum and Chloris gayana. The subject site contains approximately 8.83 hectares of Cleared Land as shown in Figure 2.1. DAM VEGETATION This community occupies approximately 0.04 hectares as shown in Figure 2.1 and occurs within the two farm dams which were observed along the southern edge of the extent of works. This community was dominated by aquatic species such as Juncus usitatus, Baumea gunnii, Phylidrum lanuginosum and Cyperus eragrostis. Projected foliage cover was approximately 90% with a height to 1.5 m. Exotic species observed included Cyperus eragrostis and Juncus articulatus.


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TABLE 3.2

FLORA SPECIES OBSERVED ON THE SUBJECT SITE Family Scientific Name Common Name

Trees Arecaceae Phoenix canariensis* Canary Island Date Palm

Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora* Camphor Laurel Myrtaceae Angophora costata Smooth-barked Apple Myrtaceae Eucalyptus amplifolia Cabbage Gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus capitellata Brown Stringybark Myrtaceae Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany Myrtaceae Eucalyptus fibrosa Broad Leaved Ironbark Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Red Gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus umbra subsp. umbra Broad-leaved White Mahogany Pinaceae Pinus elliotti* Slash Pine Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum Rosaceae Prunus persica* Peach Tree Shrubs

Apocynaceae Nerium oleander* Oleander Bush Asteraceae Ozothamnus diosmifolius Ball Everlasting Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-oak Cesalpinioideae Senna pendula var. glabrata* - Cupressaceae Cupressus sp* Cypress Dilleniaceae Hibbertia aspera Rough Guinea Flower Euphorbiaceae Glochidion ferdinandii Cheese Tree Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme Spurge Fabaceae Tephrosia glomeruliflora*

Faboideae Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter Pea Faboideae Mirbelia rubiifolia Heathy Mirbelia Faboideae Pultenaea polifolia Dusky Bush-pea Faboideae Pultenaea tuberculata Wreath Bush-pea Faboideae Pultenaea villosa Hairy Bush-pea Mimosoideae Acacia floribunda Sally Wattle Mimosoideae Acacia longifolia var. longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle Mimosoideae Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle Mimosoideae Acacia suaveolens Sweet Scented Wattle Mimosoideae Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle Musaceae Musa acuminata* Banana Myrtaceae Callistemon linearis Narrow-leaved Bottlebrush Myrtaceae Callistemon salignus Myrtaceae Callistemon sp.* (cultivar) - Myrtaceae Kunzea ambigua Tick Bush Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium Lemon Scented Tea-tree Myrtaceae Melaleuca nodosa Ball Honey Myrtle Myrtaceae Melaleuca sieberi -


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TABLE 3.2 FLORA SPECIES OBSERVED ON THE SUBJECT SITE

Family Scientific Name Common Name Myrtaceae Waterhousea floribunda Weeping Myrtle Oleaceae Ligustrum lucidum* Large-leaved Privet Oleaceae Ligustrum sinense* Small-leaved Privet Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca octandra* Inkweed Polygalaceae Comesperma ericinum Matchheads Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa Hairpin Banksia Proteaceae Hakea sericea Needlebush Rosaceae Rubus anglocandicans* N Blackberry Verbenaceae Lantana camara*N Lantana Groundcovers

Adiantaceae Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair Agavaceae Yucca aloifolia* Dagger Plant Alliaceae Agapanthus praecox* Agapanthus Amaryllidacerae Leucojum aestivum* Snowflake Apiaceae Centella asiatica Swamp Pennywort Apiaceae Cyclospermum leptophyllum* Slender Celery Apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare* Fennel Apiaceae Hydrocotyle bonariensis* Pennywort Apiaceae Xanthosia tridentata Rock Xanthosia Asphodelaceae Aloe sp* Aloe Asteraceae Ageratina adenophora*N Crofton Weed Asteraceae Bidens pilosa* Cobbler's Pegs Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare* Spear Thistle Asteraceae Conyza sumatrensis* Fleabane Asteraceae Coreopsis lanceolata* Coreopsis Asteraceae Craspedia canens Grey Billy Buttons Asteraceae Crassocephalum crepidioides* Thickheads Asteraceae Facelis retusa* Annual Trampweed Asteraceae Hypochaeris radicata* Flatweed Asteraceae Rutidosis heterogamaTS Wyong Daisy Asteraceae Senecio madagascariensis* Fireweed Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus* Common Sow-thistle Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris* Shepherds purse Carophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum * Mouse-ear Chickweed Cyperaceae Baumea gunnii

Cyperaceae Cyperus eragrostis* Umbrella Sedge Cyperaceae Gahnia sp Saw-sedge Cyperaceae Schoenus imberbis

Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground Fern Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium esculentum Bracken Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis* Castor Oil Plant Faboideae Medicago sp*


17


Family Scientific Name Common Name Faboideae Trifolium campestre* Hop Clover Faboideae Trifolium repens* White Clover Gentianaceae Centaurium erythraea* Pink Stars Haloragaceae Gonocarpus teucroides Raspwort Iridaceae Crocosmia X crocosmiiflora* Montbretia Juncaceae Juncus articulatus* Jointed Rush Juncaceae Juncus bufonius Toad Rush Juncaceae Juncus usitatus Common Rush Lamiaceae Stachys arvensis* Stagger Weed Lomandraceae Lomandra longifolia Spiky-headed Mat-rush Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia* Paddy's Lucerne Orchidaceae Caladenia catenata White Finger Orchid Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea Blue Flax Lily Phylydraceae Phylidrum lanuginosum Woolly Frogmouth Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata* Ribwort Poaceae Andropogon virginicus* Whisky Grass Poaceae Anthoxanthum odoratum * Sweet Vernal Grass Poaceae Aristida vagans Three-awn Speargrass Poaceae Axonopus fissifolius* Narrow-leaf Carpet Grass Poaceae Briza maxima* Quaking Grass Poaceae Chloris gayana* Rhodes Grass Poaceae Cortaderia sp*N Pampas Grass Poaceae Cynodon dactylon Common Couch Poaceae Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic Poaceae Eragrostis leptostachya Paddock Lovegrass Poaceae Hyparrhenia hirta* Coolatai Grass Poaceae Imperata cylindrica var. major Blady Grass Poaceae Lolium perrenne* Perennial Ryegrass Poaceae Melinus repens* Red Natal Grass Poaceae Oplismenus aemulus Basket Grass Poaceae Paspalum dilatatum * Paspalum Poaceae Paspalum urvillei* Vasey Grass Poaceae Pennisetum clandestinum * Kikuyu Poaceae Poa annua* Winter Grass Poaceae Setaria parviflora* Slender Pigeon Grass Poaceae Sporobolus africanus* Parramatta Grass Poaceae Sporobolus africanus* Parramatta Grass Poaceae Stenotaphrum secundatum * Buffalo Grass Poaceae Themeda australis Kangaroo Grass Polygonaceae Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper Polygonaceae Rumex crispus* Curled Dock


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Family Scientific Name Common Name Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens* Creeping Buttercup Rubiaceae Richardia brasiliensis* Mexican Clover Sinopteridaceae Pellaea falcata Sickle Fern Solanaceae Solanum chenopoides* Whitelip Nightshade Thymelaeaceae Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia Slender Rice Flower Typhaceae Typha orientalis Cumbungi Verbenaceae Verbena bonariensis* Purpletop Xanthorrhoaceae Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia - Vines

Apocynaceae Parsonsia straminea Common Silkpod Faboideae Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine Faboideae Glycine microphylla - Faboideae Hardenbergia violacea False Sarsparilla Faboideae Vicia hirsuta* Hairy Vetch Faboideae Vicia sativa * Common Vetch Lauraceae Cassytha glabella Slender Devil's Twine Lauraceae Cassytha pubescens Common Devil’s Twine Passifloraceae Passiflora subpeltata* White Passionfruit

Species nameTS = Threatened Species * = Introduced Species N = Noxious Weed within LGA (Noxious Weeds Act 1993)

Fauna Species and Habitats Disturbed fauna habitats are present throughout the site. These include:

• Nectar producing tree and shrub species; • Large cleared areas dominated by managed exotic grasses; • Hollow bearing tree; • Roadside drains; and • Leaf litter;

The site has been highly disturbed from the construction of and proximity to existing roads and has been subjected to extensive clearing and vegetation maintenance. Due to the disturbed condition of the subject site and its location within the surrounding landscape, it is considered that the site provides low quality habitat for locally occurring fauna species. The fauna habitats present are generally limited cleared grassed areas, leaf litter and flower, nectar, fruit and seed producing tree and shrub species. One hollow bearing tree was observed during surveys and is mapped in Figure 2.1. The tree was a large Angophora costata, with one 10-15cm branch hollow and tree trunk hollows ranging from 10 to 40cm. The fauna species observed within the subject site during current surveys by Conacher Environmental Group (CEG) and preliminary surveys by Lesryk Environmental Consultants (2012) (Lesryk) are listed in Table 3.3. The threatened fauna species, Little Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus australis), was recorded within the subject site during current surveys. All other fauna species observed are considered relatively common within the local area. Several threatened fauna species have been observed as part of previous surveys undertaken within the Warnervale Town Centre area. These species include:


19

- Wallum Froglet (FFS & EFS 2004); - Squirrel Glider (FFS & EFS 2004); - Powerful Owl (FFS & EFS 2004); - Glossy Black-Cockatoo (pers obs).

These species were not observed within the subject site during surveys, the subject site contains only small areas of highly disturbed marginal habitat for these species.

TABLE 3.3 FAUNA OBSERVED AND RECORDED

Common Name Scientific Name Observer Observation Type Common Eastern Froglet Crinia signifera CEG Heard Call Bleating Tree Frog Litoria dentata Lesryk Heard Call Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog Litoria fallax CEG/Lesryk Heard Call Brown-striped Frog Limnodynastes peronii CEG Heard Call Dark-flecked Garden Sunskink Lampropholis delicata CEG/Lesryk Observed Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata CEG Observed Spotted Dove* Streptopelia chinensis CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes CEG/Lesryk Observed White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica Lesryk Observed White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae Lesryk Observed Straw-necked Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis Lesryk Observed Grey Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae Lesryk Observed Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax Lesryk Observed Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles CEG Observed/Heard Call Galah Eolophus roseicapillus CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Little Corella Cacatua sanguinea Lesryk Observed Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Fan-tailed Cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis CEG Heard Call Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae CEG/Lesryk Observed Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Superb Fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call White-throated Gerygone Gerygone albogularis CEG Heard Call Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris CEG Observed/Heard Call Yellow-faced Honeyeater Lichenostomus chrysops CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata CEG Observed/Heard Call Scarlet Honeyeater Myzomela sanguinolenta CEG/Lesryk Heard Call Noisy Friarbird Philemon corniculatus Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Eastern Whipbird Psophodes olivaceus Lesryk Heard Call Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae CEG Observed Grey Butcherbird Cracticus torquatus Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis CEG Observed/Heard Call Australian Magpie Cracticus tibicen CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Pied Currawong Strepera graculina CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys CEG Observed/Heard Call Australian Raven Corvus coronoides CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Leaden Flycatcher Myiagra rubecula Lesryk Observed Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Australian Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus australis Lesryk Heard Call Silvereye Zosterops lateralis Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena CEG Observed

Fairy Martin Petrochelidon ariel Lesryk Characteristic nest observed

Common Myna* Sturnus tristis CEG/Lesryk Observed/Heard Call Red-browed Finch Neochmia temporalis CEG Observed/Heard Call


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TABLE 3.3 FAUNA OBSERVED AND RECORDED

Common Name Scientific Name Observer Observation Type Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula CEG Spotlight Observation

Common Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus Lesryk Characteristic drey observed

Dog * Canis lupus familiaris CEG Scat Large Forest Bat Vespadelus darlingtoni CEG Anabat Recording Little Bentwing-bat TS1 Miniopterus australis CEG Anabat Recording Gould's Wattled Bat Chalinolobus gouldii CEG Anabat Recording Chocolate Wattled Bat Chalinolobus morio CEG Anabat Recording Eastern Broad-nosed Bat Scotorepens orion CEG Anabat Recording

Key Note: * indicates introduced species; M indicates migratory species EPBC Act;

TS1 indicates threatened species TSC Act NSW; TS2 indicates threatened species EPBC Act.

3.4 Threatened Ecological Communities

Details regarding the habitat attributes and indicative species for the endangered ecological communities known to be present in the local government area are provided in Table 3.4.

TABLE 3.4 ENDANGERED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES OF THE AREA

Name TSC Act

EPBC Act

Habitat Requirements Comments

Coastal Saltmarsh in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions (CS)

E - Geology / Soils: Estuarine mud flats. Topography: Intertidal zone on the shores of estuaries and lagoons. Characteristic Species: Sarcocornia quinqueflora, Sporobolus virginicus, Juncus krausii and Baumea juncea.

No suitable habitat present.

Coastal Upland Swamp in the Sydney Basin Bioregion (CUS)

E - Geology / Soils: Periodically waterlogged acidic soils on Hawkesbury Sandstone. Topography: Impermeable sandstone plateaus in the headwater valleys of streams and on sandstone benches with abundant moisture seepage. Characteristic Species: Highly diverse and variable, includes scrubs, heaths, sedgelands and fernlands.


Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Floodplains of the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregion (FWCF)

E - Geology / Soils: Silts, muds or humic loams. Topography: Depressions, flats, drainage lines, backswamps, lagoons and lakes associated with coastal floodplains. Characteristic Species: Composition is variable and dependent on water regime. May include amphibious grasses and sedges, emergent floating herbs and tall sedges and floating and submerged aquatic herbs.



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Name TSC Act

EPBC Act


Littoral Rainforest in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions (LR)

E CE Geology / Soils: Sand dunes and on soils derived from underlying rocks Topography: Located near the seaoin coastal dunes, headland or riparian habitats. Characteristic Species: Comprises the Cupaniopsis anacardioides - Acmena spp. alliance of Floyd (1990).


Low Woodland with Healthland on Indurated Sand at Norah Head

E - Geology / Soils: Indurated (hardsetting) sands with a range of local variation in drainage conditions. Topography: low rolling sandy hills – east of Wilfred Barrett Drive near Norah Head. Characteristic Species: Eucalyptus camfieldii, Corymbia gummifera, Melaleuca spp. Lambertia formosa, Acacia longifolia, Banksia oblongifolia and Allocasuarina distyla.


Lowland Rainforest in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin Bioregions (LLR)

E CE Geology / Soils: High nutrient geological substrates, notably basalts and fine-grained sedimentary rocks.Topography: Coastal plains and plateaux, footslopes and foothills up to 600m ASL and within the Sydney basin below 350m ALS Characteristic Species: Principally encompasses the following groupings of Floyd (1990): Argyrodendron trifoliatum alliance (suballiances 1, 5 & 6); Dendrocnide excelsa - Ficus spp. alliance (suballiances 14 & 15); and Drypetes australasica – Araucaria cunninghamii alliance (suballiances 21 & 22).



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Name TSC Act

EPBC Act


River-Flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplains of the North Coast, Sydney basin and South East Corner bioregions (REFCF)

E - Geology / Soils: Silts, clay-loams and sandy loams. Topography: Periodically inundated alluvial flats, drainage lines and river terraces associated with coastal floodplains. Characteristic Species: Eucalypt canopy with species belonging to the genus Angophora or the sections Exsertaria or Transversaria of the genus Eucalyptus. Has low abundance of E. robusta, Casuarina and Melaleuca species and a groundcover of soft-leaved forbs and grasses.


Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest of the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions (SOFF)

E - Geology / Soils: Waterlogged or periodically inundated grey-black clay-loams and sandy loams, where the groundwater is saline or sub-saline. Topography: Flats, drainage lines, lake margins and estuarine fringes associated with coastal floodplains. Characteristic Species: Casuarina glauca.


Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains of the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions (SSFCF)

E - Geology / Soils: Waterlogged or periodically inundated humic clay loams and sandy loams. Topography: Alluvial flats and drainage lines associated with coastal floodplains. Characteristic Species: Eucalyptus robusta, E. longifolia, E. botryoides, Melaleuca quinquenervia and M. ericifolia.

No suitable habitat present within the subject site. Observed adjacent to the subject.

Sydney Freshwater Wetlands in the Sydney Basin Bioregion (SFW)

E - Geology / Soils: Generally on the Warriewood and Tuggerah Soil Landscapes. Topography: Freshwater swamps in swales and depressions on sand dunes and low nutrient sandplain sites in coastal areas. Characteristic Species: Eleocharis sphacelata, Baumea juncea, B. rubignosa, B. articulata, Gahnia sieberiana, Ludwigia peploides and Persicaria sp.



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Name TSC Act

EPBC Act


Themeda Grasslands on Seacliffs and Coastal headlands in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions (TGSCH)

E - Geology / Soils: Found on a range of substrates including old sand dunes above cliffs and on basalt headlands, and less frequently on sandstone.Topography: Seacliffs and coastal headlands. Characteristic Species: Themeda australis.


No endangered ecological communities were observed within the subject site during surveys. The endangered ecological community Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains of the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions was observed adjoining the north-western boundary of the subject site as shown in Figure 3.1. This endangered ecological community is assessed under the 7 part test of significance in Section 6 of this Report.

3.5 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems

The NSW Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems Policy (Department of Land and Water Conservation NSW 2002) defines groundwater dependent ecosystems as ecosystems which have their species composition and their natural processes determined by groundwater. The NSW State Groundwater Dependant Ecosystems Policy recognises the four main types of Groundwater Dependant Ecosystems:

- Terrestrial Vegetation; - Base Flows in Streams; - Aquifer and Cave Ecosystems; - Wetlands.

The site contains and adjoins areas of terrestrial vegetation, however does not contain or adjoin permanent streams, aquifer or cave ecosystems or wetlands. The site does not adjoin commonly recognised groundwater dependent ecosystems such as hanging swamps and no High Priority Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems are identified for the locality within the Water Sharing Plan for the Central Coast Unregulated Water Sources 2009.

3.6 Threatened Species and Endangered Populations

Threatened Flora Species A search of the Bionet Atlas of NSW Wildlife (NSW OEH 2012) and the EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool (SEWPAC 2012) was undertaken to identify records of threatened flora species located within 10km of the site. This allowed for a specific search for threatened flora to be undertaken determining if any threatened flora species were present within the subject site. Details on threatened flora species as listed in Schedules 1 and 2 of the TSC Act (1995) with a known or possible occurrence within the local area are provided in Table 3.5.


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TABLE 3.5

THREATENED FLORA SPECIES OF THE AREA

Scientific Name TSC Act

EPBC Act

Growth Form And Habitat Requirements

Bionet Atlas Records

within 10 Km Likelihood of Occurrence

Acacia bynoeana E V Erect or spreading shrub to 0.3 m high growing in heath and dry sclerophyll open forest on sand and sandy clay soils, often with ironstone gravels. Suitable soils are usually very infertile and well-drained. Often associated with disturbed areas such as roadsides.

49 Suitable habitat present. Not observed during surveys. Low likelihood of occurrence.

Angophora inopina

V V Small tree, occurs in open sclerophyll forest and woodland growing on deep sandy soils with associated lateritic outcrops.


Asterolasia elegans

E E Erect shrub 1-3 m high growing in sheltered moist sclerophyll forests on Hawkesbury sandstone on mid- to lower slopes and valleys.

0 No suitable habitat present. Low likelihood of occurrence.

Astrotricha crassifolia

V V Shrub to 2.4 m high. Grows in dry sclerophyll woodland on sandstone.


Caladenia porphyrea

E - Terrestrial orchid. Grows in coastal sclerophyll forest on sandy soils. Found in only two locations approximately 2km apart near Norah Head


Caladenia tessellata

E V Terrestrial orchid. Clay-loam or sandy soils.

4 Marginal/disturbed habitat present. Not observed during surveys. Low likelihood of occurrence.

Callistemon linearifolius

V - Shrub to 4m high. Grows in Sclerophyll Forest in moist gullies on coast and adjacent ranges.


Chamaesyce psammogeton

E - Prostrate herb. Grows on coastal dunes.



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TABLE 3.5 THREATENED FLORA SPECIES OF THE AREA


EPBC Act




Corybas dowlingii E - A tuberous terrestrial orchid. Prefers gullies in tall open forest on well-drained gravely soil. Known from four localities including Port Stephens, Bulahdelah and Freemans Waterhole.


Cryptostylis hunteriana

V V Saprophytic orchid. Grows in moist sandy soil in heath and sedgeland and coastal forest communities of Scribbly Gum, Bloodwood, Brown Stringy Bark and Smooth-barked Apple in moist to dry clay loam.

20 Marginal/disturbed habitat present. Not observed during surveys. Low likelihood of occurrence.

Cynanchum elegans

E E Climber or twiner to 1 m. Grows in rainforest gullies, scrub & on scree slopes.


Darwinia glaucophylla

V - Spreading prostrate shrub. Occurs in heath and woodlands associated with sandstone rock platforms.


Dendrobium melaleucaphilum

E - Epiphytic orchid growing frequently on Melaleuca stypheloides, less commonly on rainforest trees or on rocks in coastal districts. Flowers July-Oct.


Diuris bracteata E Ext Terrestrial orchid. Grows in dry sclerophyll woodland. Flowers September. Known only from the Sydney Basin Bioregion.


Diuris praecox V V Terrestrial orchid. Grows in sclerophyll forest near the coast, most often found on clay graminoid heath on coastal headlands.


Epacris purpurascens var. purpurascens

V - Occurs in Sydney Sandstone Gully Forest and scrub with periodically poorly drained clay soil on sandstone or shale.



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EPBC Act




Eucalyptus camfieldii

V V Stringybark to 10 m high. Grows in coastal shrub heath and woodlands on sandy soils derived from alluviums and Hawkesbury sandstone.


Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens

V V Tree to 15m. Grows in dry sclerophyll woodland on sandy soils in low often wet sites.


Genoplesium insignis

E - Occurs in heathland and forest amongst shrubs and sedges. Associated with Themeda australis. Known only between Charmhaven and Wyong.


Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora

V V Open to erect shrub to 1 metre. Grows in heathy woodland on light clayey soils and may have an affinity with disturbance margins.

135 Suitable habitat present. Not observed during surveys. Low to moderate likelihood of occurrence.

Hibbertia procumbens

E - Prostrate shrub with linear leaves which occurs in heath on skeletal sandy soils. May also be found associated with 'hanging swamp' vegetation communities on sandy deposits.


Maundia triglochinoides

V - A perennial rhizomatous herb growing in swamp, creek and wetland habitats on deep heavy low nutirent clays soils.


Melaleuca biconvexa

V V Tall shrub. Grows in wetlands adjoining perennial streams and on the banks of those streams, generally within the geological series known as the Terrigal Formation.


Melaleuca groveana

V - Shrub or small tree 2-5m tall and rarely 10m tall with fibrous paperbark. Grows in heath often in exposed areas within higher areas and the coastal districts north of Port Stephens.



27



EPBC Act




Pelargonium sp. Striatellum

E E Occurs just above the high water level of irregularly inundated or ephemeral lakes.

No suitable habitat present. Low likelihood of occurrence.

Prostanthera askania

E E Erect shrub. Grows in moist sclerophyll forest and warm temperate rainforest communities, as well as the ecotone between them. Habitats are characterised by undulating to moderately steep slopes of the Watagan and Erina soil landscapes and intersecting areas on alluvial soils of the Yarramalong soil landscape.


Prostanthera junonis

E E Small shrub. Grows in sclerophyll forest and heath in shallow soil on sandstone on the Somersby Plateau.


Pultenaea maritima

V - Prostrate mat forming shrub with hairy stems. Occurs in grasslands, shrublands and heath on exposed coastal headlands. Distribution Newcastle to Bryon Bay less than 1km from coast.


Rhizanthella slateri

V E A terrestrial saprophytic underground orchid. Occurs in eucalypt forest. Flowers from Oct to Nov.


Rutidosis heterogama

V V Small perennial herb to 30cm tall. Grows in heaths in clay soils and has been recorded along disturbed roadsides.

185 Suitable habitat present. Observed during surveys.

Senecio spathulatus

E - Small spreading shrub growing on coastal dunes.


Senna acclinis E Shrub to 3m tall. Grows in or adjacent to subtropical and dry rainforest.



28



EPBC Act




Syzygium paniculatum

E V Small tree. Subtropical and littoral rainforest on sandy soil.


Tetratheca glandulosa

V V Spreading shrub to 0.2 m high. Strongly associated with areas of shale-sandstone transition habitat.


Tetratheca juncea V V Prostrate shrub to 1 m high. Typically grows in nutrient poor sandy soils in Smooth-barked Apple, Scribbly Gum, and Spotted Gum dry sclerophyll communities with grassy or heathy understorey. Less commonly recorded from moist forest communities.


Thelymitra sp. adorata

CE - Grows in spotted gum ironbark forest, flowers September to October.


Zannichellia palustris

E - Submerged herb. Fresh or slightly saline stationary or slow-flowing water.

0 No suitable habitat present.

Key to Likelihood of Occurrence High Likelihood of Occurrence: Species has been previously observed within site. Moderate Likelihood of Occurrence: Suitable habitat is present and species is a cryptic species that has not been subject to extensive surveys. Low Likelihood of Occurrence: No suitable or only marginal habitat is present and/or species not observed during surveys.

The threatened flora species, Rutidosis heterogama, was observed during surveys. A total of ten specimens were observed within the western extent of the site adjacent to the corridor for the Main Northern Railway on the southern side of Sparks Road. The threatened flora species which are considered to have suitable habitat within the subject site are assessed under the 7-part test of significance in Section 6 of this report. Threatened Fauna Species A search of the Bionet Atlas of NSW Wildlife (NSW OEH 2012) and the EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool (SEWPAC 2012) was undertaken to identify records of threatened fauna species located within 10km of the site. This allowed for a specific search for threatened fauna to be undertaken determining if any threatened fauna species were present within the subject site. Details on threatened fauna species as listed in Schedules 1 and 2 of the TSC Act (1995) with a known or possible occurrence within the local area are provided in Table 3.6.


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TABLE 3.6

THREATENED FAUNA SPECIES OF THE AREA

Common Name Scientific Name

TSC Act

EPBC Act Preferred Habitat

Bionet Atlas Records Within 10

Km

Likelihood of Occurrence

Stuttering Frog Mixophyes balbus

E V Inhabits freshwater streams in undisturbed rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest.


Giant Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus

E E Forages and shelters in deep, damp leaf litter in rainforests, moist eucalypt forest and nearby dry eucalypt forest near permanent flowing water.


Wallum Froglet Crinia tinnula

V - Found in acidic paperbark swamps and wallum country with dense groundcover. Breeds in temporary and permanent pools and ponds of high acidity.

120 Site is highly disturbed and provides marginally suitable habitat. Low to moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

Giant Burrowing Frog Heleioporus australiacus

V V Found around sandstone plateaux mostly associated with hanging sandstone shelves and the upper laterals.


Red-crowned Toadlet Pseudophryne australis

V - Prefers sandstone areas, breeds in grass and debris beside non-perennial creeks or gutters. Shelters under logs and rocks in non-breeding periods.


Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea

E V Inhabits edges of permanent water, streams, swamps, creeks, lagoons, farm dams and ornamental ponds, particularly areas free of Gambusia.


Green-thighed Frog Litoria brevipalmata

V - Found in rainforests and open forests within or at the edge of streams, swamps, lagoons, dams and ponds.



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TABLE 3.6 THREATENED FAUNA SPECIES OF THE AREA


TSC Act



Km


Littlejohn's Tree Frog Litoria littlejohni

V - Inhabits permanent rocky streams with thick fringing vegetation associated with eucalypt woodlands and heaths among sandstone outcrops.


Rosenberg's Goanna Varanus rosenbergi

V - Hawkesbury sandstone outcrop specialist. Inhabits woodlands, dry open forests and heathland sheltering in burrows, hollow logs, rock crevices and outcrops.


Broad-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides

E V Prefers rocky outcrops and adjacent sclerophyll forest and woodland. Shelters in rock crevices and tree hollows.


Pale-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bitorquatus

V - Arboreal species which occupies wet and dry sclerophyll forest, and open woodlands on floodplains and near watercourses. Dependant on old and dead standing trees with hollows and exfoliating bark for shelter sites.


Stephens' Banded Snake Hoplocephalus stephensii

V - A nocturnal and partly arboreal species that inhabits open and closed forest communities sheltering under bark, in hollows and under exfoliating slabs of granite.



31



TSC Act



Km


Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata

V - A strongly nomadic species found in tropical through to sub-tropical wetlands, flood plains, large swamps, dams and wet grasslands with dense growths of rushes and sedges.


Cotton Pygmy-Goose Nettapus coromandelianus

E - Prefers tropical to subtropical coastal lagoons, swamps and large bodies of calm fresh water with abundant vegetation.


Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis

V - Occurs mainly throughout the Murray-Darling basin in cool to warm temperate deep permanent freshwater lakes, lagoons and swamps with extensive reed-beds.


Wompoo Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus magnificus

V - Inhabits large undisturbed patches of lowland, adjacent highland rainforest and moist eucalypt forests feeding on fruit.


Rose-crowned Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus regina

V - Occurs in dense rainforests with a substantial understorey where it feeds entirely on fruit.


Superb Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus superbus

V - Rainforests, adjacent mangroves, eucalypt forests, scrublands with native fruits.



32



TSC Act



Km


Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus

E - Prefers shallow, permanent, freshwater terrestrial wetlands, and surrounding marginal vegetation, including swamps, floodplains, watercourses and billabongs, freshwater meadows, wet heathland, farm dams and shallow floodwaters and adjacent habitats. Also forages within estuaries and along intertidal shorelines, such as saltmarshes, mudflats & sandflats, and mangrove vegetation.


Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus

E E Inhabits shallow freshwater or brackish wetlands with tall dense beds of reeds, sedges or rush species and swamp edges. Distribution Limit - N-North of Lismore. S- Eden.


Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis

V - Prefers permanent freshwater wetlands with tall, dense vegetation.


Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura

V - Utilises mostly coastal and sub-coastal open forest, woodland or lightly timbered habitats and inland habitats along watercourses and mallee that are rich in passerine birds.

2 Suitable habitat present. Moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.


33



TSC Act



Km


Spotted Harrier Circus assimilis

V - Occurs in grassy open woodland including acacia and mallee remnants, inland riparian woodland, grassland and shrub steppe. Also inhabits agricultural land and forages over open habitats including edges of inland wetlands.


Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides

V - Inhabits a variety of habitats including woodland open forest, partially cleared areas, along watercourses and around wetlands.


Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus

CE V Inhabits tall open forests and woodlands. Breeds in tall trees adjacent to watercourses of wetlands.


Eastern Osprey Pandion cristatus

V - Utilises waterbodies including coastal waters, inlets, lakes, estuaries and offshore islands with a dead tree for perching and feeding.


Bush Stone-curlew Burhinus grallarius

E - Utilises open forests, savannah woodlands, dune scrub, savannah and mangrove fringes.


Beach Stone-curlew Esacus magnirostris

CE - Inhabits remote and secluded beaches, coral reefs and cays, mangrove fringes and estuarine mudflats.


Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuliginosus

V - Exclusively coastal in distribution foraging along rocky coastlines and estuaries.



34



TSC Act



Km


Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris

E - Inhabits coastal beaches and estuarine flats.


Comb-crested Jacana Irediparra gallinacea

V - Deep and permanent vegetation-choked tropical and warm temperate wetlands.


Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis

E V Most numerous within the Murray-Darling basin and inland Australia within marshes and freshwater wetlands with swampy vegetation.


Gang-gang Cockatoo Callocephalon fimbriatum

V - Prefers wetter forests and woodlands from sea level to > 2000m on Divide, timbered foothills and valleys, timbered watercourses, coastal scrubs, farmland and suburban gardens.


Glossy Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami

V - Open forests with Allocasuarina species and hollows for nesting.

115 Suitable habitat present. Suitable feed trees are present. Moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor

E E Inhabits eucalypt forests and woodlands with winter flowering eucalypts.



35



TSC Act



Km


Turquoise Parrot Neophema pulchella

V - Inhabits coastal scrubland, open forest and timbered grassland, especially ecotones between dry hardwood forests and grasslands.

2 Suitable habitat present. Low likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla

V - Inhabits forests and woodlands feeding mostly on nectar and pollen particularly in profusely-flowering eucalypts.


Barking Owl Ninox connivens

V - Inhabits principally woodlands but also open forests and partially cleared land and utilises hollows for nesting.

6 Marginally suitable / disturbed habitat present. Low to moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

Powerful Owl Ninox strenua

V - Mature forests containing large hollows for breeding & densely vegetated gullies for roosting.

117 Site is highly disturbed and provides marginally suitable / flyover habitat. Low likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae

V - Open forest & woodlands with cleared areas for hunting and hollow trees or dense vegetation for roosting.

41 Marginally suitable / disturbed habitat present. Low to moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

Sooty Owl Tyto tenebricosa

V - Tall, dense, wet forests containing trees with very large hollows for roosting and breeding.



36



TSC Act



Km


Brown Treecreeper (eastern subspecies) Climacteris picumnus victoriae

V Occupies open Eucalypt woodlands lacking a dense understorey with fallen dead timber.


Eastern Bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus

E E Inhabits coastal woodland, dense scrub and heath, often near taller forest.


Speckled Warbler Chthonicola sagittata

V - Found in temperate eucalypt woodland and open forest including forest edges, wooded farmland and urban areas with mature eucalypts.


Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia

CE E Found in temperate eucalypt woodland and open forest including forest edges, wooded farmland and urban areas with mature eucalypts.


White-fronted Chat Epthianura albifrons

V - Found in estuarine and marshy and damp open grassland habitats on the coast and open grassy plains, saltlakes and saltpans that are along the margins of rivers and waterways in inland areas.


Painted Honeyeater Grantiella picta

V - Found in open forest, woodland and scrubland feeding on mistletoe fruits.


Black-chinned Honeyeater (eastern subspecies) Melithreptus gularis gularis

V - Found in woodlands containing box-ironbark associations and River Red Gums, also drier coastal woodlands of the Cumberland Plain and Hunter Richmond and Clarence.



37



TSC Act



Km


Grey-crowned Babbler (eastern subspecies) Pomatostomus temporalis temporalis

V - Found in dry open forests, woodland scrubland, and farmland with isolated trees. Occurs mostly west of the Great Divide except Hunter Valley.


Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera

V - Prefers open eucalypt woodlands and forests, mallee, inland acacia, coastal tee-tree scrubs, parks and gardens.


Scarlet Robin Petroica boodang

V - Dry eucalypt forest and woodlands with open understorey during breeding season, dispersing during autumn–winter into open habitats including urban areas.


Flame Robin Petroica phoenicea

V - Upland moist Eucalypt forests and woodlands during breeding season, disperses to open lowland habitats during winter.


Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata

V - Found in Eucalypt woodlands, forests and mallee where there is grassy understorey west of the Great Div. also drier coastal woodlands.



38



TSC Act



Km


Spotted-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus

V - Inhabits a range of habitat types, including rainforest, open forest, woodland, coastal heath and inland riparian forest, from the sub-alpine zone to the coastline. Shelters in hollow-bearing trees, fallen logs, small caves and rock crevices.


Brush-tailed Phascogale Phascogale tapoatafa

V E A largely arboreal mammal of open forests and woodlands using hollows as nesting in hollow bearing trees.


Southern Brown Bandicoot (eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus

E E Utilises a range of habitats containing thick ground cover - open forest, woodland, heath, cleared land, urbanised areas and regenerating bushland.


Koala Phascolarctos cinereus

V V Inhabits both wet & dry eucalypt forest on high nutrient soils containing preferred feed trees.


Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus

V - Found in a variety of habitats from rainforest through open forest to heath. Feeds on insects but also gathers pollen from banksias, eucalypts and bottlebrushes. Nests in banksias and myrtaceous shrubs.


Yellow-bellied Glider Petaurus australis

V - Inhabits tall mature eucalypt forests with high nectar producing species and shelters in large hollow bearing trees.



39



TSC Act



Km


Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis

V - Inhabits mature or old growth Box, Box-Ironbark woodlands and River Red Gum forest west of the Great Dividing Range and coastal forest with heath understorey. Shelters in tree hollows.

240 Disturbed areas of suitable habitat present. Low to moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys

Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus

V V Coastal heath and dry and wet sclerophyll forests with a dense understorey.


Parma Wallaby Macropus parma

V - Inhabits rainforests and wet and dry sclerophyll forests with a dense understorey and associated grassy patches.


Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata

E V Found in rocky gorges with a vegetation of rainforest or open forests to isolated rocky outcrops in semi-arid woodland country.


New Holland Mouse Pseudomys novaehollandiae

- V Inhabit habitats heathland habitats and vegetated sand dunes.


Eastern Chestnut Mouse Pseudomys gracilicaudatus

V - Inhabits heathland including dense wet heath and swampy areas, occasionally in woodland with grassy understorey.


Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus

V V Found in a variety of habitats including rainforest, mangroves, paperbark swamp, wet and dry open forest and cultivated areas. Forms camps commonly found in gullies and in vegetation with a dense canopy.



40



TSC Act



Km


Yellow-bellied Sheathtail-bat Saccolaimus flaviventris

V - Inhabits wet and dry sclerophyll forest, open woodland, shrubland, mallee, grassland and desert. Roosts in tree hollows.


Eastern Freetail-bat Mormopterus norfolkensis

V - Inhabits eucalypt forest and woodland on the coastal side of the Great Dividing Range. Roosts in tree hollows, under bark and in various man-made structures.


Large-eared Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri

V - Warm-temperate to subtropical dry sclerophyll forest and woodland. Roosts in caves, tunnels and tree hollows in colonies.


Eastern False Pipistrelle Falsistrellus tasmaniensis

V - Inhabits wet sclerophyll forest, open forest, rainforest and coastal mallee. Roosts mostly in roosts in hollow trunks of eucalypts but also in caves and man-made structures.


Golden-tipped Bat Kerivoula papuensis

V - Inhabits rainforest and adjoining moist open forest habitats. Roosts in tree hollows and dense vegetation.



41



TSC Act



Km


Little Bentwing-bat Miniopterus australis

V - Inhabits rainforest, vine thicket, wet and dry melaleuca swamps and coastal forests. Roosts in caves, man-made structures such as abandoned mines and buildings and occasionally banana trees and tree hollows.

85 Suitable habitat present. High likelihood of occurrence. Observed during surveys.

Eastern Bentwing-bat Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis

V - Inhabits rainforest, wet and dry sclerophyll forest, open woodland, Melaleuca forests and open grassland. Roosts in caves and man-made structures.


Southern Myotis Myotis macropus

V - Roosts in caves, mines, tunnels, buildings, tree hollows and under bridges. Forages over open water.


Greater Broad-nosed Bat Scoteanax rueppellii

V - Inhabits moist gullies in mature coastal forest, rainforest, open woodland, Melaleuca swamp woodland, wet and dry sclerophyll forest, cleared areas with remnant trees and tree-lined creeks in open areas. Roosts in tree hollows, cracks and fissures in trunks and dead branches, under exfoliating bark, and in man-made structures.



42



TSC Act



Km


Eastern Cave Bat Vespadelus troughtoni

V - Roosts in caves and rock overhangs, and is primarily found in areas containing sandstone or volcanic rock escarpments. Inhabits mixed woodland and wet and dry sclerophyll forest along the coast and the Great Dividing Range. Is found in drier forest on the western slopes and within inland areas.


Giant Dragonfly Petalura gigantea

E - Inhabits permanent swamps and bogs with some free water and open vegetation.


Key to Likelihood of Occurrence High Likelihood of Occurrence: Species has been previously observed within site Moderate Likelihood of Occurrence: Suitable habitat is present and species may utilise site on occasion (ie is nomadic or migratory) or has not been subject to extensive surveys. Low Likelihood of Occurrence: No suitable or only marginal habitat is present and/or species not observed during surveys and is not nomadic or migratory. The threatened fauna species which are considered to have suitable habitat within the subject site are assessed under the 7-part test of significance in Section 6 of this report. The threatened fauna species, Little Bentwing-bat was observed within the subject site during surveys. Endangered Populations The endangered populations known to occur within the local government area are: • Eucalyptus oblonga population at Bateau Bay, Forresters Beach and Tumbi Umbi in the Wyong

local government area; and • Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. parramattensis population in the Wyong and Lake Macquarie

local government areas. These species were not observed on the subject site. It is therefore considered that no endangered population is present on the subject site.

3.7 Migratory and Marine Species

A search of the EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool (SEWPAC 2012) was conducted for migratory fauna listed within the EPBC Act recorded within 10 km of the subject site. This revealed a number of threatened species that may be present in the area. Details on migratory fauna species with a known or possible occurrence within the local area are provided in Table 3.2.


43

TABLE 3.6

LISTED MIGRATORY TERRESTRIAL FAUNA SPECIES OF THE AREA Common Name Scientific Name Preferred Habitat Comments

Fork-tailed Swift (Apus pacificus)

Almost exclusively aerial. Suitable habitat present. Moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

Great Egret (Ardea modesta)

Wetland and estuarine habitats.


Cattle Egret (Ardea ibis)

Grazing lands and wetland habitats.

Suitable habitat present. Low to moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

White-bellied Sea-eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)

Coastal areas and inland rivers and water bodies.


White-throated Needletail (Hirundapus caudacutus)

Almost exclusively aerial. Suitable habitat present. Moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

Rainbow Bee-eater (Merops ornatus)

Open, cleared or lightly timbered areas particularly in close proximity to water bodies.

Suitable habitat present. Moderate likelihood of occurrence. Not observed during surveys.

Black-faced Monarch (Monarcha melanopsis)

Wet sclerophyll and rainforest vegetation.


Satin Flycatcher (Myiagra cyanoleuca)

Heavily vegetated forests. When migrating may be found in more open coastal habitats.


Rufous Fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons)

Wet sclerophyll and rainforest vegetation.



44

TABLE 3.6 LISTED MIGRATORY TERRESTRIAL FAUNA SPECIES OF THE AREA

Common Name Scientific Name Preferred Habitat Comments

Latham’s Snipe (Gallinago hardwickii)

Low dense vegetation within and surrounding freshwater wetlands.


Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis)

Inhabits shallow freshwater wetlands, vegetated ephemeral and permanent lakes and swamps, and inundated grasslands.


Key to Likelihood of Occurrence High Likelihood of Occurrence: Species has been previously observed within site. Moderate Likelihood of Occurrence: Suitable habitat is present and species may utilise site on occasion (ie is nomadic or migratory) or has not been subject to extensive surveys. Low Likelihood of Occurrence: No suitable or only marginal habitat is present and/or species not observed during surveys.

No listed migratory species were observed within the subject site during current or preliminary surveys. A review of the Threatened Migratory Shorebird Habitat Mapping Project prepared for DEC NSW by Avifauna Research Services (2006) identified that the site is not mapped as providing important habitat for threatened migratory shorebirds.

3.8 Critical Habitat

The subject site does not contain or adjoin an area classed as critical habitat within the provisions of the Threatened Species Conservation Act (1995).

3.9 Wildlife Connectivity Corridors

Council’s Wildlife Corridors Strategy (Ecological Surveys and Management 2002) did not identify any wildlife corridor linkages within the subject site. Three potential corridor linkages were however identified within other areas across Sparks Road. The most suitable corridor linkage between both sides of Sparks Road was identified along Buttonderry Creek (Corridor WSC 24), suitability was influenced by the presence of a culvert to facilitate a fauna underpass. A corridor linkage was identified along Mountain Road (Corridor WSC 25) as suitable for providing support to Corridor WSC 24. A corridor linkage in the vicinity of the Warnervale Industrial Subdivision was identified (Corridor WSC 23), however was determined to be too wide for fauna to cross. Identified connectivity corridors are shown in Figure 3.1. The Preliminary Ecological Survey Report (Lesryk Environmental Consultants 2012) identified that three potential fauna corridors occur within the site. The most prominent corridor was mapped between Lot 1 DP 781737 to the north across Sparks Road. One minor corridor was mapped along the northern edge of Minnesota Road and one minor corridor was mapped along the southern side of Sparks Road from Minnesota Road to Lot 1 DP 781737. The corridors mapped by Lesryk Environmental Consultants (2012) contain highly disturbed habitats with limited suitability for safe passage for non-flying fauna species due to the proximity to Sparks Road. Connectivity for wildlife is likely to be further reduced in the future by the proposed Warnervale Town Centre development to the north of the subject site.


45

3.10 SEPP’s

SEPP 14 - Coastal Wetlands The subject site is not included within an area mapped as a wetland in SEPP 14. SEPP 19- Bushland in Urban Areas The proposal is not subject to Council consent, therefore SEPP 19 does not apply. SEPP 26 - Littoral Rainforest The subject site is not included within any area mapped as a littoral rainforest in SEPP 26. The vegetation on-site does not correspond to Littoral Rainforest with respect to species composition and substrate. SEPP 44 - Koala Habitat Assessment Although the proposal is not subject to Council consent and SEPP 44 does technically apply, it is RTA policy to consider SEPP 44 criteria. The SEPP 44 criteria has been addressed as follows. The subject site was assessed for activity by Koalas using the following methods:

i. A search of the Bionet Atlas of NSW Wildlife (NSW OEH 2012) was undertaken to identify

records of Koalas in the area. ii. The site was surveyed on foot with any species of Koala food trees being inspected for signs of

Koala usage. Trees were inspected and identified for presence of Koalas, scratch and claw marks on the trunk and scats around the base of each tree. The proportion of any trees showing signs of Koala use was calculated for the whole of the site. Additionally the location and density of droppings if found were documented.

iii. Identification and assessment of the density of tree species listed as Koala food trees in State

Environmental Planning Policy No. 44 - Koala Habitat Protection was undertaken across the site.

TABLE 4.1

SEPP-44 KOALA FEED TREE SPECIES (From SEPP-44 Schedule 2)

Scientific Name Common Name Observed On Site

Percentage within survey plots

Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Red Gum Yes <15% Eucalyptus microcorys Tallowwood No 0% Eucalyptus punctata Grey Gum No 0% Eucalyptus viminalis Ribbon or Manna Gum No 0% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum No 0% Eucalyptus haemastoma Broad-leaved Scribbly Gum Yes 0% Eucalyptus signata Scribbly Gum No 0% Eucalyptus albens White Box No 0% Eucalyptus populnea Bimble Box or Poplar Box No 0% Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany Yes <15%

The Koala food tree species Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus robusta, as listed on Schedule 2 of State Environmental Planning Policy No. 44 - Koala Habitat Protection (SEPP 44) was observed within the subject site. This species does not constitute at least 15% of the total number of trees in the upper or lower strata of the tree component and therefore is considered to not form potential koala habitat as defined by SEPP 44.


46

No Koalas were observed during the fauna survey and no evidence of Koala habitation, such as scats, claw and scratch marks, were located on the site. Therefore the subject site is considered to not form core koala habitat as defined by SEPP 44.


47

4. POTENTIAL IMPACTS

4.1 Loss of Vegetation/Habitats

The proposed development will result in the removal or modification of approximately 0.75 hectares of vegetation including 0.91 hectares of Disturbed Regrowth Narrabeen Buttonderry Footslopes Forest, 0.1 hectare of Planted Vegetation and 0.01 hectares of Dam vegetation. The remaining 5.5 hectares with areas of proposed development within the site contain Cleared Land, devoid of vegetation or dominated by exotic vegetation. A summary of the proposed vegetation clearing is provided in Table 4.1.

TABLE 4.1 SUMMARY OF PROPOSED VEGETATION CLEARING

Vegetation Community

Total Area

Area to be

Cleared (ha)

TSC Act EPBC Act

Local Catchment

Locality (10km)

% Cleared within

Locality Disturbed Regrowth Narrabeen Buttonderry Footslopes Forest

2.21 0.91 Not listed Not listed 1015.60 1015.60 47

Planted Vegetation

0.39 0.10 Not Applicable

Dam Vegetation


Cleared Land


The proposed development will require the removal of one hollow bearing tree. Clearing within the site will be undertaken in accordance with the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011) to minimise disturbance to surrounding flora and fauna habitats.

4.2 Wildlife Connectivity and Habitat Fragmentation

The subject site contains highly disturbed habitats with limited suitability for safe passage for non-flying fauna species due to the proximity to Sparks Road. Connectivity for wildlife is likely to be further reduced in the future by the proposed Warnervale Town Centre development to the north of the subject site. Identified connectivity corridors are shown in Figure 3.1. It is considered that the proposal is not likely to significantly alter connectivity for wildlife within the subject site or locality.

4.3 Injury and Mortality

There is potential for injury or mortality to fauna species to result from vehicle collisions along Sparks Road. This risk of injury and mortality to fauna species is not likely to increase significantly, as the proposal is not likely to increase traffic volumes on the road network. There is potential for injury or mortality to occur to fauna species during the construction phase of the proposal. It is recommended that clearing within the site and removal of hollow bearing trees is undertaken in accordance with the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011) to reduce the risk of injury and mortality to fauna species during site clearing works.


48

4.4 Weeds

The site currently contains high levels of weed species. Weed management and re-establishment of native vegetation within the site will be undertaken in accordance with the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011) to prevent and manage the establishment and spread of environmental and noxious weed species. It is considered that the proposal is not likely to significantly increase the presence of distribution of weeds within the site and will provide an opportunity to undertaken weed control works.

4.5 Pests and Pathogens

Introduction of pests and pathogens will not occur as a direct result of the proposed development. Indirect impacts associated with pests and pathogens will be managed in accordance with the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011)

4.6 Changed Hydrology

The hydrology of the site is currently altered from natural conditions. The site is currently drained by overland flow and roadside stormwater drains. The roadside stormwater drainage is likely to be upgraded as a result of the proposal. Surrounding areas of native vegetation and habitats are not likely to be negatively impacted by the proposed works.

4.7 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems

No groundwater dependant ecosystems have been identified within or adjoining the subject site. The proposal is not likely to impact on groundwater dependant ecosystems.

4.8 Aquatic Impacts

Two dams were observed along the southern section of the subject site. It is considered that the proposal is not likely to significantly impact natural aquatic habitats.

4.9 Noise, Vibration and Light

The site and surrounding area is currently affected from noise, vibration and light from vehicle traffic along Sparks Road. There may be a short term increase in the duration and intensity of noise, vibration and light impacts during the construction phase of the proposal.

4.10 Impact on Relevant Key Threatening Processes

An assessment of the likely impact of the proposal on Key Threatening Processes is provided in Table 4.2.

TABLE 4.2 ASSESSMENT OF KEY THREATENING PROCESSES

Key Threatening Processes Listed under the TSC Act (1995)

Likely to Occur as a

Result of the Proposal

Mitigation / Avoidance or Management

proposed

Comments

Alteration of habitat following subsidence due to longwall mining

No No -

Alteration to the natural flow regimes of rivers and streams and their floodplains and wetlands

No No -

Anthropogenic climate change

No No -


49






proposed

Comments

Bushrock removal

No No -

Clearing of native vegetation

Yes Yes Re-establishment of native vegetation where suitable

Competition and grazing by the feral European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

No No -

Competition and habitat degradation by feral goats (Capra hircus)

No No -

Competition from feral honey bees (Apis mellifera)

No No -

Death or injury to marine species following capture in shark control programs on ocean beaches

No No -

Entanglement in or ingestion of anthropogenic debris in marine and estuarine environments

No No -

Forest Eucalypt dieback associated with over-abundant psyllids and bell miners

No No -

High frequency fire resulting in the disruption of life cycle processes in plants and animals and loss of vegetation structure and composition

No No -

Herbivory and environmental degradation caused by feral deer

No No -

Importation of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta)

No No -

Infection by psittacine circoviral (beak and feather) disease affecting endangered psittacine species and populations

No No -

Infection of frogs by amphibian chytrid causing the disease chytridiomycosis

No No -

Infection of native plants by Phytophthora cinnamomi

No No -

Introduction and Establishment of Exotic Rust Fungi of the order Pucciniales pathogenic on plants of the family Myrtaceae

No No -

Introduction of the large earth bumblebee (Bombus terrestris)

No No -

Invasion and establishment of exotic vines and scramblers

No No -

Invasion and establishment of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius)

No No -

Invasion and establishment of the cane toad (Bufo marinus)

No No -

Invasion, establishment and spread of Lantana camara

No No -


50






proposed

Comments

Invasion of native plant communities by Chrysanthemoides monilifera (bitou bush and boneseed)

No No -

Invasion of native plant communities by exotic perennial grasses

No No -

Invasion of the yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes (Fr. Smith)) into NSW

No No -

Loss of hollow-bearing trees Yes Yes Installation of nest boxes to compensate for hollow bearing tree

removal Loss and degradation of native plant and animal habitat by invasion of escaped garden plants including aquatic plants

No No -

Loss or degradation (or both) of sites used for hill-topping by butterflies

No No -

Predation and hybridisation of feral dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

No No -

Predation by the European red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

No No -

Predation by the feral cat (Felis catus) No No - Predation by Gambusia holbrooki (plague minnow or mosquito fish)

No No -

Predation by the ship rat (Rattus rattus) on Lord Howe Island

No No -

Predation, habitat degradation, competition and disease transmission by feral pigs (Sus scrofa)

No No -

Removal of dead wood and dead trees Yes No Re-use of woody debris as ground

habitat The proposal is likely to increase the impact of the key threatening process ‘clearing of native vegetation’, ‘loss of hollow bearing trees and ‘removal of dead wood and dead trees’.

4.11 Cumulative Impacts

The proposal is likely to contribute to the cumulative loss of vegetation and fauna habitats within the local area.

4.12 Koala Habitat

The proposal is not likely to adversely affect an area of potential or core Koala habitat in accordance with SEPP 44.

4.13 Coastal Wetlands

The proposal is not likely to adversely affect an area mapped as a wetland in SEPP 14.


51

4.14 Littoral Rainforest

The proposal is not likely to adversely affect an area mapped as a littoral rainforest in SEPP 26.

4.15 Other Sensitive Ecological Sites Protected By State or Local Planning Instruments

An area containing the Endangered Ecological Community (EEC) Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains occurs adjacent to the north-western boundary of the subject site. The proposal has the potential to result in sedimentation and erosion impacts and indirect damage from construction machinery. These impacts have potential to during the site clearing and construction phases of the proposed development. It is recommended that suitable exclusion zones in accordance with the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011) and suitable sedimentation and erosion control measures are implemented for the proposed development.


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5. MITIGATION MEASURES The proposal should be undertaken in accordance with the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011). The mitigation measures summaries in Table 5.1 are recommended in accordance with the guidelines.

TABLE 5.1 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

Potential Impact Environmental Safeguard / mitigation

measure

Responsibility Time

Vegetation Clearing Pre-clearing surveys to be undertaken in accordance with the RMS Guide 1: Pre-clearing process (RTA Environmental Branch 2011). Surveys are to include a site inspection and mapping of pre-determined habitat for the release of fauna and key habitat features to be protected. A licensed ecologist is to undertake relocation surveys for fauna species 24 hours prior to clearing works in accordance with the RTA Environmental Branch (2011) Guidelines. Staged habitat removal including sectional dismantling of hollow bearing tree is to be undertaken under the supervision of an experienced and licensed ecologist.

Proponent Prior to and during site clearing

Vegetation Clearing Re-establishment of native vegetation where suitable

Proponent Post construction

Unnecessary clearing of vegetation and EEC habitat outside proposed development area

Implementation of exclusion zones in accordance with RTA Environmental Branch (2011).

Proponent Prior to site clearing

Loss of one hollow bearing tree

Installation of nest boxes as compensatory habitat

Proponent Prior to site clearing

Removal of dead trees and dead wood

Re-use of woody debris as ground habitat

Proponent Post clearing

Weed invasion Weed management Proponent As required Introduction of pathogens

Pathogen management Proponent Construction

Sedimentation and erosion within site and adjacent habitats

Installation and maintenance of appropriate sedimentation and erosion control measures

Proponent Post clearing


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6. SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENTS

6.1 EPBC Act Assessment

The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, (1999) requires that Commonwealth approval be obtained for certain actions. The Act provides an assessment and approvals systems for actions that have a significant impact on matters of National Environment Significance (NES). These may include:-

• Wetlands protected by international treaty (the Ramsar Convention); • Nationally listed threatened species and ecological communities; • Nationally listed migratory species.

Actions are projects, developments, undertakings, activities, series of activities or alteration of any of these. An action that needs Commonwealth approval is known as a controlled action. A controlled action needs approval where the Commonwealth decides the action would have a significant effect on a NES matter. Where a proposed activity is located in an area identified to be of NES, or such that it is likely to significantly affect threatened species, ecological communities, migratory species or their habitats, the matter needs to be referred to the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC). i. Are there any Matters of National Environmental Significance located in the area of the

proposed action? Threatened Species The following threatened flora and fauna species listed under the EPBC Act (1999), identified on the protected matters search, have suitable habitat present within the subject site:

Flora - Acacia bynoeana - Angophora inopina - Caladenia tessellata - Cryptostylis hunteriana - Diuris praecox - Eucalyptus camfieldii - Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens - Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora - Melaleuca biconvexa - Rutidosis heterogama - Tetratheca juncea

Fauna

- Regent Honeyeater - Swift Parrot - Grey-headed Flying-fox - Large-eared Pied Bat

The threatened flora species, Rutidosis heterogama, as listed within the EPBC Act (1999), was observed within the site during surveys. Nationally Listed Threatened Ecological Communities No threatened ecological communities listed within the EPBC Act (1999) were observed within or adjoining the subject site during surveys. Nationally Listed Migratory Species The following migratory species (excluding marine species) listed under the EPBC Act (1999), identified on the protected matters search, have suitable habitat present within the subject site:


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- Fork-tailed Swift (Apus pacificus); - Cattle Egret (Ardea ibis); - White-throated Needletail (Hirundapus caudacutus); and - Rainbow Bee-eater (Merops ornatus).

No migratory species listed within the EPBC Act (1999), were observed within the subject site during current surveys. Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance No Ramsar Wetlands, were recorded within 10km of the subject site on the EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Report (SEWPaC 2012). The Commonwealth Marine Environment No Commonwealth marine areas as listed within the EPBC Act (1999) were observed within the subject site or recorded within 10km of the subject site on the EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Report (SEWPaC 2012). Listed World Heritage Properties No world heritage properties as listed within the EPBC Act (1999) were observed within the subject site or recorded within 10km of the subject site on the EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Report (SEWPaC 2012). Listed National Heritage Places No national heritage places listed within the EPBC Act (1999) were observed within the subject site or recorded within 10km of the subject site on the EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Report (SEWPaC 2012). The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park The subject site is not located within 10km of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Nuclear Actions The proposal is not a type of action classed as a nuclear action. ii. Considering the proposed action at its broadest scope, is there potential for impacts on

Matters of National Environmental Significance? The proposal will not require the removal of any specimens of Rutidosis heterogama. The proposal will also provide a suitable buffer to the R. heterogama specimens identified. It is considered that the potential for the proposal to impact on this species is very low. Consideration of impacts is provided in Section 4 of this report. The proposal will require the removal of a relatively small area of suitable habitats for nationally listed threatened and migratory species.

iii. Are there any proposed measures to avoid or reduce impacts on Matters of National Environmental Significance?

Mitigation measures are outlined in detail within Section 5 of this report.

iv. Are any impacts of the proposed action on Matters of National Environmental Significance likely to be significant impacts?

One matter of national environmental significance, Rutidosis heterogama, was observed during surveys. The proposal will not require the removal of any specimens of R. heterogama and will provide a buffer of approximately 215m to the observed locations of this plant. It is therefore considered that the proposal is not likely to impact this species in any way. If in the future, removal of R. heterogama is proposed, or areas within close proximity to this species location are identified for development, further assessment in accordance with DEWHA (2009) should be undertaken.


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It is considered that the proposal is not likely to have a significant impact on nationally listed threatened or migratory species which were not detected during surveys due to the availability of larger areas of higher quality habitats within the surrounding areas. CONCLUSION It is considered that a referral of this project to the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPaC) is not required as the proposed action is not likely to have a significant impact on a matter of National Environmental Significance.

6.2 EP&A Act Assessment of Significance

As identified in Section 5(A) of the EP&A Act 1979 the following matters need to be addressed to determine whether or not a significant effect on threatened species, populations or ecological communities or their habitats is likely to result from the proposed development. The following assessments have been undertaken for those threatened species, populations and ecological communities observed during surveys or identified has having suitable habitat contained within the subject site. For the purposes of the following assessments the definitions of specific terminology and interpretations of the key terms used are as per the DECC (2007) Threatened species assessment guidelines. Further clarification is also provided where deemed appropriate. a) In the case of a threatened species, whether the action proposed is likely to have an

adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction,

FLORA

Acacia bynoeana This species occurs mainly in heath and dry sclerophyll forest on very infertile and well-drained substrate of sand and sandy clay, often with ironstone gravels. It prefers open, sometimes slightly disturbed sites such as trail margins, edges of roadside spoil mounds and in recently burnt open patches. The flowering period is from September to March (NSW NPWS 1999). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Angophora inopina This species grows in open woodland with a dense shrub understorey on deep white sandy soils over sandstone (Harden 2004). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Caladenia tessellata This species favours low open forest with a heathy or sometimes grassy understorey and has been recorded in soils of the Woodbury’s Bridge or Wyong Soil Landscapes. This orchid often grows in dense shrubbery in coastal areas and is often only evident after fire. The flowering period for Caladenia tessellata is between September and October (Bishop 2000). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.


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Callistemon linearifolius This species grows in open forest and scrubland in damp places such as gullies on sandstone. This species is easily identifiable when not in flower (Fairley and Moore 1995). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Cryptostylis hunteriana This species occurs in woodland, heath and swamp heath communities on sandy soils in coastal districts. Flowering is between December and February (Bell 2001). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Diuris praecox This species flowers mainly between July and August. It occurs in coastal areas in Eucalypt Forest, often on hilltops or slopes (Bishop 2000). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Eucalyptus camfieldii Eucalyptus camfieldii is associated with the boundary of tall heaths in coastal areas and low open woodlands of marginally more fertile inland areas. It is generally associated with sandy soils overlying Hawkesbury Sandstone (Harden 1994). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Eucalyptus parramattensis ssp. Decadens This species is found in dry sclerophyll woodland on sandy soils in low, often wet sites (Harden 1994). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Genoplesium insignis This species occurs in heathland amongst sedges or in forest amongst shrubs and is associated with Themeda australis. The geographic range of this species is from Charmhaven to Wyong on the Central Coast. The flowering period is thought to be August to September (National Herbarium of NSW Royal Botanic Gardene 2012). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora This species grows in sandy or light clay soils usually over thin shales. It occurs in a range of vegetation types from open forest and heath to shrubby woodland. It occurs over a range of altitudes from flat, low-lying areas to upper slopes and ridge crests and is often found in open,


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slightly disturbed sites (NSW NPWS 2002). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Melaleuca biconvexa This species is a paperbark shrub or small tree which prefers poorly drained habitats near swamps and along drainage lines. This species occurs in disjunct populations from near Jervis Bay to Port Macquarie with the main concentration of records on the Central Coast in the Gosford and Wyong local government areas (NSW Scientific Committee 1998). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Rutidosis heterogama This species grows in heath in clay soils and has been recorded along disturbed roadsides. The flowering period for this species is from November to January with spot flowers occurring at other times of the year (Harden 1994). Ten specimens of R. heterogama were observed during surveys. R. heterogama was previously identified at several locations within the locality, the nearest being north of Sparks Road on the western side of the Main Northern Railway (Bell and Driscoll 2004). The proposed development will not require the removal of any specimens of R. heterogama. The proposal provides a buffer of approximately 215 metres to the identified location of this species. It is therefore considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

Tetratheca juncea Tetratheca juncea occurs chiefly in coastal districts in sandy, and occasionally swampy, heath and open forest habitats, particularly those with a southerly aspect. The preferred soil types in descending order are of the Awaba, Warners Bay, Gateshead, Norah Head, Doyalson and Killingworth Soil Landscapes (Ecological Surveys & Management 2000). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Thelymitra sp. ‘Adorata’ The habitat for this species consists of Spotted Gum / Ironbark woodlands with grassy understorey in well-drained clay loam or shale derived soils. The flowering time for this species is September to October (DECC 2005). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

FAUNA

Wallum Froglet (Crinia tinnula) The Wallum Froglet is mainly confined to acid paperbark swamps and wallum areas with poor drainage (Barker et al., 1995). This species breeds in late winter and is restricted to coastal areas of southern Qld and NSW (Cogger 2000).


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This species was observed within the Warnervale Town Centre study area during previous surveys by FFS & EFS (2004). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed on the subject site during previous or current surveys. It is therefore considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Square-tailed Kite (Limosa limosa) The Square-tailed Kite inhabits the coastal forested and wooded lands of tropical and temperate Australia. The Square-tailed Kite is a specialist hunter of passerines, especially honeyeaters, and insects in the tree canopy, picking most prey items from the outer foliage (Marchant & Higgins 1993). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Little Eagle (Hieraaetus morphnoides) This species forages in a variety of habitats including woodland open forest, partially cleared areas, along watercourses and around wetlands, avoiding large areas of dense forest. This species nests in mature living trees in open forest, woodland and remnant areas including farmland and areas close to urban development (Marchant and Higgins 1993). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Gang-gang Cockatoo (Callocephalon fimbriatum) The Gang-gang Cockatoo is associated with a variety of woodland and forest habitats, and occasionally more open areas in south–eastern New South Wales and Victoria. This species utilises eucalypt forests and exotic trees, and is known to feed on the seeds of native shrubs and trees, in addition to some exotic species such as the Hawthorn and Cupressus species (Higgins 1999). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Glossy Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami) The Glossy Black-Cockatoo inhabits woodlands and open sclerophyll forests dominated by or with a middle stratum of Allocasuarina. They choose trees with larger cone crops, concentrating foraging in trees with a high ratio of total seed weight to cone weight. They breed in hollow trees or stumps usually in Eucalypts (Higgins 1999). The subject site is considered to contain suitable habitat for this species. FFS & EFS (2004) have reported that records for this species exist within 5km of the Warnervale Town Centre Study Area. This species was observed approximately 800 metres to the north east of the subject site, within the Warnervale Town Centre study area, by Conacher Environmental Group during opportunistic surveys on the 15 September 2011. This species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the proposed development is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Swift Parrot (Lathamus discolor) This species feeds mainly on nectar and lerp from eucalypt flowers, particularly Blue Gum


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(Eucalyptus globulus). On the mainland, the Swift Parrot congregates where winter flowering species such as Yellow Gum, Red Ironbark, Mugga Ironbark, Box Gums and Swamp Gum. This species also occurs within Blackbutt, Forest Red Gum, Swamp Mahogany and Spotted Gum dominated communities along the coast. The Swift Parrot is a migratory species that breeds in Tasmania and its offshore islands in summer. In late March almost the entire population migrates to mainland Australia spreading from Victoria through to central and coastal NSW and south east Queensland (Saunders and Tzaros 2011). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Turquoise Parrot (Neophema pulchella) The Turquoise Parrot is a sedentary species inhabiting the foothills of the Great Divide, including steep rocky ridges and gullies, rolling hills, valleys and river-flats and nearby plains. This species feeds on the ground on grass seeds usually beneath trees. This species is endemic to eastern Australia, and is known from south-east Queensland through eastern New South Wales to north-east Victoria (Higgins 1999). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Little Lorikeet (Glossopsitta pusilla) Little Lorikeets are distributed in forests and woodlands from the coast to the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, extending westwards to the vicinity of Albury, Parkes, Dubbo and Narrabri. Lorikeets are gregarious, usually foraging in small flocks, often with other species of lorikeet. They feed primarily on nectar and pollen in the tree canopy, particularly on profusely-flowering eucalypts, but also on a variety of other species including, melaleucas and mistletoes (Courtney & Debus 2006). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Barking Owl (Ninox connivens) The Barking Owl utilises dry sclerophyll forests and woodlands of tropical, temperate and semi-arid zones, particularly those associated with watercourses, wetlands and forest edges. Nests in large hollows in live eucalypts, often near open country (Higgins 1999). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua) The Powerful Owl breeds in open or closed sclerophyll forests and woodlands, including wet sclerophyll forest and dry sclerophyll forest and woodlands. They nest in hollows in large old trees; usually living Eucalyptus, within or below canopy in stumps or broken-off trunks. Powerful Owls are sedentary within home ranges of about 1,000 hectares within open eucalypt, casuarina or Callitris pine forest and woodlands, though they often roost in denser vegetation, including rainforest or exotic pine plantations. Powerful Owls feed mainly on medium-sized arboreal marsupials (Higgins 1999). This species was observed within the Warnervale Town Centre study area during previous surveys by FFS & EFS (2004).


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It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed on the subject site during previous or current surveys. It is therefore considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Masked Owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) The Masked Owl is widespread through forests and woodlands. The Masked Owl is known to utilise forest margins and isolated stands of trees within agricultural land. This species is often found in heavily disturbed forest where its prey of small and medium sized mammals can be readily obtained. The Masked Owl is dependent upon hollow bearing trees all year round requiring old mature trees with large hollows for breeding and as diurnal roosting sites (Higgins 1999). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Regent Honeyeater (Xanthomyza phrygia) The Regent Honeyeater inhabits mostly dry eucalypt woodlands and forests dominated by box ironbark eucalypts; on inland slopes of Great Divide, especially associations in moister more fertile sites, along creeks, broad river valleys and on lower slopes of foothills. Nectar is the principle food but sugary exudates from insects are also used. The Regent Honeyeater is known to breed along the western Slopes of the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales (Higgins et al., 2001). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Black-chinned Honeyeater (Melithreptus gularis spp. gularis) This species inhabits forest and woodland habitats particularly those containing box and ironbark and red gum eucalypts and River Red Gum (Higgins et al., 2001). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Varied Sittella (Daphoenositta chrysoptera) This species inhabits eucalypt forests and woodlands, especially rough-barked species and mature smooth-barked gums with dead branches, mallee and Acacia woodland (Higgins & Peter 2002). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Scarlet Robin (Petroica boodang) This species inhabits mainly dry eucalypt forest and woodlands with open shrubby and grassy understorey on ridges and slopes during the spring-summer breeding season, dispersing during autumn–winter into open habitats including urban areas (Higgins and Peter 2002). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such


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that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

Flame Robin (Petroica phoenicea) This species inhabits upland wet to moist eucalypt forests and woodlands with an open understorey, often on ridges and slopes to 1800m above sea level during the spring-summer breeding season. During the autumn to winter non breeding season this species disperses to open lowland habitats including grasslands, farmland dry sclerophyll forests and woodlands (Higgins and Peter 2002). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Squirrel Glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) The Squirrel Glider inhabits dry sclerophyll forest and woodland nesting in small tree hollows. The presence of mature, hollow-bearing eucalypts is a critical characteristic of habitat occupied by Squirrel Gliders as they are utilised for nesting and breeding (Suckling, 1995). This species was observed within the Warnervale Town Centre study area during previous surveys by FFS & EFS (2004). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed on the subject site during previous or current surveys. It is therefore considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) Grey-headed Flying-foxes roost in camps during the day, which may contain tens of thousands of individuals, and then disperse to surrounding areas to forage at night. This species inhabits a wide range of habitats including rainforest, mangroves, paperbark forests, wet and dry sclerophyll forests and urbanised and agricultural areas. Camps are commonly formed in gullies, typically not far from water and usually in vegetation with a dense canopy. Camps may also be formed in urban parkland areas (Tidemann 1995). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Yellow-bellied Sheathtail-bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris) The Yellow-bellied Sheathtail-bat inhabits a wide variety of habitats from wet and dry sclerophyll forest, to open woodland, shrubland, mallee, grassland and desert. They fly fast and straight usually over the canopy, and lower over open spaces and at forest edges. This species roosts in large tree hollows (Churchill 2008). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Eastern Freetail Bat (Mormopterus norfolkensis) The Eastern Freetail-bat utilises dry eucalypt forest and woodland on the coastal side of the Great Dividing Range. They show a preference for open spaces in woodland or forest, and are more active in the upper slopes of forest areas rather than in riparian zones. They also forage over large waterways. This species roosts in hollow trees (usually in hollow spouts), under exfoliating bark and in various man-made structures (Churchill 2008).


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It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Large-eared Pied Bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri) In the Sydney Basin this species is most commonly recorded in areas of high fertility soils in wet sclerophyll forest along the edges of sandstone escarpments. This species is also recorded in dry sclerophyll forest and woodlands, sub-alpine woodland, at the edges of rainforest, Callitris forest and within sandstone outcrop country. Large-eared Pied Bats roost in clusters in fairy martin nests and on the ceilings of caves, crevices in cliffs and mines in twilight areas (Churchill 2008). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Eastern False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus tasmaniensis) The Eastern False Pipistrelle inhabits wet sclerophyll forest, open forest, rainforest and coastal mallee. They generally prefer tall and wet forests where the trees are more than 20 metres high and the understorey is dense. This species predominantly roosts in hollow trunks of eucalypts, however have also been reported to roost in caves and old buildings (Churchill 2008). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Little Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus australis) The Little Bentwing-bat forages below the canopy within well-timbered areas including rainforest, vine thicket, wet and dry melaleuca swamps and coastal forests. This species is a cave dweller with individuals congregating during the summer months in maternity colonies and disperse during the winter. Other roost sites used by this species include abandoned mines, tunnels, stormwater drains and occasionally in buildings, banana trees and tree hollows (Churchill 2008). The Little Bentwing-bat was observed within the subject site during surveys. The Little Bentwing-bat is a highly mobile species, with individuals congregating during the summer months in maternity colonies and dispersing during the winter (Churchill 2008). This species is considered to be migratory and therefore the local population constitutes those individuals that are likely to occur in the study area from time to time (DECC 2007).

Suitable foraging habitat for this species is provided throughout the entire site. The proposal will require the removal or modification of the entire site, however it is considered that it is not likely to significantly reduce the area of suitable habitat available to the local population of this species due to the occurrence of several larger areas of suitable habitat within the locality, including areas reserved for long term conservation such as Jilliby State Conservation Area, areas of Porters Creek Wetland, Ourimbah State Forest, Tuggerah State Conservation Area and Tuggerah Nature Reserve. It is therefore considered that the proposed development is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Eastern Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis) Preferred habitats for this species include rainforest, wet and dry sclerophyll forest, open woodland, Melaleuca forests and open grassland. The Eastern Bentwing-bat forages high in forested areas from just above canopy height to many times canopy height. In more open


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areas such as grasslands, flight may be within a few metres of the ground. Eastern Bentwing-bats are cave dwellers, but will also roost in man-made structures such as road culverts and mines (Churchill 2008). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Greater Broad-nosed Bat (Scoteanax rueppellii) A wide variety of habitats are utilised by this species including moist gullies in mature coastal forest, rainforest, open woodland, Melaleuca swamp woodland, wet and dry sclerophyll forest, cleared areas with remnant trees and tree-lined creeks in open areas. The Greater Broad-nosed Bat forages about 5m from the edge of isolated trees, forest remnants or along forest crowns with a slow direct flight pattern. This species is known to roost in tree hollows, cracks and fissures in trunks and dead branches, under exfoliating bark, as well as in man-made structures including roofs of old buildings (Churchill 2008). It is considered that suitable habitat for this species is present on the subject site, however this species was not observed within the subject site during surveys. It is considered that the action proposed is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

b) In the case of an endangered population, whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species that constitutes the endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction,

The endangered populations known to occur within the local government area are:

• Eucalyptus oblonga population at Bateau Bay, Forresters Beach and Tumbi Umbi in the Wyong local government area; and

• Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. parramattensis population in the Wyong and Lake Macquarie local government areas.

No flora or fauna specimens belonging to any endangered population were observed within the

subject site. The proposed action will not have an adverse effect on the life cycle of any species that

constitutes the endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

c) In the case of a critically endangered or endangered ecological community, whether

the action proposed:

i. Is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or

No Endangered Ecological Communities (EECs) were observed within the subject site. One EEC, Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplain was observed adjoining the north-western boundary of the subject site. This EEC does not occur within the subject site and is mapped in Figure 2.1. The proposed development will not result in the clearing of or a reduction in the extent of this EEC. It is therefore considered that the proposed development is not likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of any ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. ii. Is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition such that its local

occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction,


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No Endangered Ecological Communities (EECs) were observed within the subject site. One EEC, Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplain was observed adjoining the north-western boundary of the subject site. This EEC does not occur within the subject site and is mapped in Figure 2.1. The proposed development will not require the clearing of Swamp Sclerophyll on Coastal Floodplain EEC vegetation and will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements for exclusion zones identified in the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011). It is also recommended that suitable erosion and sediment controls are implemented to prevent potential impacts to EEC vegetation and habitats. These mitigation measures are likely to prevent potential indirect impacts of the proposal on this EEC. It is therefore considered that proposed development is not likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition such that the local occurrence of any ecological communities are likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

d) In relation to the habitat of threatened species, populations or ecological community:

i. The extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the action proposed, and

The direct removal of vegetation and habitats will result from the proposed development. A summary of the vegetation removal areas is provided in Table 4.1.

TABLE 6.1 APPROXIMATE VEGETATION COMMUNITY REMOVAL AREAS

Vegetation Community Total Area of Removal(ha)

Disturbed / Regrowth Narrabeen Buttonderry Footslopes Forest

0.91 ha

Planted Vegetation 0.1 ha Dam Vegetation 0.01 ha Cleared Land 5.5 ha Total 6.52 ha

The proposed development is not likely to require the removal of modification of habitats for threatened populations or ecological communities.

ii. Whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other

areas of habitat as a result of the proposed action, and Council’s Wildlife Corridors Strategy (Ecological Surveys and Management 2002) did not identify any wildlife corridor linkages within the subject site. Three potential corridor linkages were however identified within other areas across Sparks Road. The most suitable corridor linkage between both sides of Sparks Road was identified along Buttonderry Creek (Corridor WSC 24), suitability was influenced by the presence of a culvert to facilitate a fauna underpass. A corridor linkage was identified along Mountain Road (Corridor WSC 25) as suitable for providing support to Corridor WSC 24. A corridor linkage in the vicinity of the Warnervale Industrial Subdivision was identified (Corridor WSC 23), however was determined to be too wide for fauna to cross. Identified connectivity corridors are shown in Figure 3.1.

The Preliminary Ecological Survey Report (Lesryk Environmental Consultants 2012) identified that three potential fauna corridors occur within the site. The most prominent corridor was mapped between Lot 1 DP 781737 to the north across Sparks Road. One minor corridor was mapped along the northern edge of Minnesota Road and one minor corridor was mapped along the southern side of Sparks Road from Minnesota Road to Lot 1 DP 781737.

The corridors mapped by Lesryk Environmental Consultants (2012) contain highly disturbed habitats with limited suitability for safe passage for non-flying fauna species due to the


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proximity to Sparks Road. Connectivity for wildlife is likely to be further reduced in the future by the proposed Warnervale Town Centre development to the north of the subject site.

Therefore considering the position of the subject site in the context of the surrounding landscape, the removal of vegetation within the site it is not likely result in an area of habitat becoming considerably more fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat as a result of the proposed action.

iii. The importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the locality

The site has been subjected to high levels of disturbance from previous road construction and maintenance works and rural-residential land use. The proposed development area provides only a relatively small area of potential habitat for threatened species and has been significantly disturbed and modified from a natural state. R. heterogama was observed during surveys. No observed specimens of R. heterogama are proposed for removal and there is a 215 metre buffer between the proposed works and the observed location of this species. Due to the presence of other areas of higher quality habitats in the local area contained within areas managed for long term conservation such as Jilliby State Conservation Area, areas of Porters Creek Wetland, Ourimbah State Forest, Tuggerah State Conservation Area and Tuggerah Nature Reserve, the proposal is considered not likely to significantly affect the stages of the species’ life cycles and reproductive success in the locality. It is therefore considered that the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated is not of significant importance to the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the locality.

e) Whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on critical habitat (either directly or indirectly),

The subject site has not been classed as critical habitat within the provisions of the Threatened Species Conservation Act (1995). Therefore it is considered that the proposed development will not have an adverse effect on critical habitat either directly or indirectly.

f) Whether the action proposed is consistent with the objectives or actions of a recovery

plan or threat abatement plan,

There are final or draft recovery plans for the following threatened species with potential habitat within the subject site:

- Caladenia tessellata; - Barking Owl; - Large Forest Owls (Powerful Owl and Masked Owl); and - Grey-headed Flying-fox.

There are currently no listed threat abatement plans or priorities action statements of direct relevance to the proposed development. It is considered that the proposed development is not inconsistent with the broader recovery or threat abatement objectives or actions identified.

g) Whether the action proposed constitutes or is part of a key threatening process or is

likely to result in the operation of, or increase the impact of, a key threatening process.

An assessment of the likely impact of the proposal on Key Threatening Processes is provided in Table 6.2.


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proposed

Comments

Alteration of habitat following subsidence due to longwall mining

No No -

Alteration to the natural flow regimes of rivers and streams and their floodplains and wetlands

No No -

Anthropogenic climate change

No No -

Bushrock removal

No No -

Clearing of native vegetation

Yes Yes Re-establishment of native vegetation where suitable

Competition and grazing by the feral European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

No No -

Competition and habitat degradation by feral goats (Capra hircus)

No No -

Competition from feral honey bees (Apis mellifera)

No No -

Death or injury to marine species following capture in shark control programs on ocean beaches

No No -

Entanglement in or ingestion of anthropogenic debris in marine and estuarine environments

No No -

Forest Eucalypt dieback associated with over-abundant psyllids and bell miners

No No -

High frequency fire resulting in the disruption of life cycle processes in plants and animals and loss of vegetation structure and composition

No No -

Herbivory and environmental degradation caused by feral deer

No No -

Importation of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta)

No No -

Infection by psittacine circoviral (beak and feather) disease affecting endangered psittacine species and populations

No No -

Infection of frogs by amphibian chytrid causing the disease chytridiomycosis

No No -

Infection of native plants by Phytophthora cinnamomi

No No -

Introduction and Establishment of Exotic Rust Fungi of the order Pucciniales pathogenic on plants of the family Myrtaceae

No No -

Introduction of the large earth bumblebee (Bombus terrestris)

No No -


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proposed

Comments

Invasion and establishment of exotic vines and scramblers

No No -

Invasion and establishment of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius)

No No -

Invasion and establishment of the cane toad (Bufo marinus)

No No -

Invasion, establishment and spread of Lantana camara

No No -

Invasion of native plant communities by Chrysanthemoides monilifera (bitou bush and boneseed)

No No -

Invasion of native plant communities by exotic perennial grasses

No No -

Invasion of the yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes (Fr. Smith)) into NSW

No No -

Loss of hollow-bearing trees Yes Yes Installation of nest boxes to compensate for hollow bearing tree

removal Loss and degradation of native plant and animal habitat by invasion of escaped garden plants including aquatic plants

No No -

Loss or degradation (or both) of sites used for hill-topping by butterflies

No No -

Predation and hybridisation of feral dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

No No -

Predation by the European red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

No No -

Predation by the feral cat (Felis catus) No No - Predation by Gambusia holbrooki (plague minnow or mosquito fish)

No No -

Predation by the ship rat (Rattus rattus) on Lord Howe Island

No No -

Predation, habitat degradation, competition and disease transmission by feral pigs (Sus scrofa)

No No -

Removal of dead wood and dead trees Yes No Re-use of woody debris as ground

habitat The proposal is likely to increase the impact of the key threatening process ‘clearing of native vegetation’, ‘loss of hollow bearing trees and ‘removal of dead wood and dead trees’.

It is recommended that the proposal be undertaken in accordance with the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011). The following mitigation measures in accordance with the guidelines are recommended to minimise or prevent impacts associated with key threatening processes:

- Pre-clearing surveys; - Re-establishment of native vegetation where suitable; - Installation of nest boxes to compensate for the loss of a hollow bearing tree;


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- Re-use of woody debris as ground habitat; - Weed management; and - Pathogen management.


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6.3 EP&A Act Assessment of Impact on Protected Fauna And Protected Native Plants

In accordance with Part 5 Section 111 4(c) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (1979) the determining authority must consider the effect of an activity on any other protected fauna or protected native plants (in addition to threatened species, populations and ecological communities) within the meaning of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. There is currently no set assessment criteria for the consideration of the effect of an activity on protected fauna or flora, notwithstanding this the following consideration is provided. Potential effects of the proposal include the clearing of disturbed roadside vegetation and habitats including the removal of one hollow bearing tree. Clearing of vegetation will result in the direct loss of suitable habitat for both protected fauna and flora species. There are larger areas of suitable habitat for protected fauna and native flora species within local conservation reserves such as Jilliby State Conservation Area, areas of Porters Creek Wetland, Ourimbah State Forest, Tuggerah State Conservation Area and Tuggerah Nature Reserve. The subject site is bordered by remnant patches of native vegetation to the north and south. Land to the north of the subject site is likely to be subjected to future development as part of the Warnervale Town Centre. It is therefore considered that development within the site is not likely to considerably reduce habitat connectivity for protected fauna and flora species within the locality. Identified connectivity corridors are shown in Figure 3.1. There is potential for protected fauna species to be directly harmed by construction machinery and activities associated with habitat removal and indirectly by construction noise. To mitigate the impact of habitat removal on protected fauna species it is recommended that vegetation clearing is undertaken in a staged manner under the direct supervision of an ecologist in accordance with the Biodiversity Guidelines: Protecting and managing biodiversity on RTA projects (RTA Environmental Branch 2011). Taking into account the large areas of suitable habitat for protected flora and fauna within local conservation lands, the disturbed condition of habitat within the subject site, the reduced level of connectivity offered by the subject site and the mitigation measures to be implemented for site clearing operations, it is considered that the proposal is not likely to have a significant impact on protected fauna or protected native plants.

6.4 Assessment of Significance Summaries

A summary of the results of the EPBC Act Significance Assessment is provided in Table 6.3.

TABLE 6.3 EPBC ACT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY

Migratory Species or Threatened Species, Population or Ecological

Community

Important Population / Habitat

Likely Significant Impact

Threatened Flora N N Acacia bynoeana N N Angophora inopina N N Caladenia tessellata N N Cryptostylis hunteriana N N Diuris praecox N N Eucalyptus camfieldii N N Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens

N N

Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora N N Melaleuca biconvexa N N Rutidosis heterogama Y N Tetratheca juncea N N

http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/xref/inforce/?xref=Type%3Dact%20AND%20Year%3D1974%20AND%20no%3D80&nohits=y


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TABLE 6.3 EPBC ACT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY

Migratory Species or Threatened Species, Population or Ecological

Community

Important Population / Habitat

Likely Significant Impact

Threatened Fauna Regent Honeyeater X N Swift Parrot X N Grey-headed Flying-fox N N Large-eared Pied Bat N N Migratory Species N Fork-tailed Swift N N Cattle Egret N N White-throated Needletail N N Rainbow Bee-eater N N

Notes: Y= Yes (negative impact), N= No (no or positive impact), X= not applicable, ?= unknown impact.

1. Important Population as determined by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, is one that for a vulnerable species: a is likely to be key source populations either for breeding or dispersal b is likely to be necessary for maintaining genetic diversity c is at or near the limit of the species range.

2. Important Habitat for a migratory species as determined by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity

Conservation Act 1999, is: a. habitat utilised by a migratory species occasionally or periodically within a region that supports an ecologically significant proportion of the population of the species, and/or b. habitat that is of critical importance to the species at particular life-cycle stages, and/or c. habitat utilised by a migratory species which is at the limit of the species range, and/or d. habitat within an area where the species is declining.

The proposed development is not likely to have a significant effect on threatened species, populations or ecological communities or their habitats listed within the EPBC Act (1999). A summary of the results of the EP&A Act (1979) Assessment of Significance undertaken for threatened species, populations and ecological communities listed within the TSC Act (1995) is provided in Table 6.4.

TABLE 6.4 TSC ACT Significance Assessment Summary

Threatened Species, Population or Ecological Community

Observed within Site

Significance Assessment Question Likely Significant Impact

a b c d e f g Threatened Flora Species Acacia bynoeana N N X X N N N N N Angophora inopina N N X X N N N N N Caladenia tessellata N N X X N N N N N Callistemon linearifolius N N X X N N N N N Cryptostylis hunteriana N N X X N N N N N Diuris praecox N N X X N N N N N Eucalyptus camfieldii N N X X N N N N N Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens

N N X X N N N N N

Genoplesium insignis N N X X N N N N N Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora

N N X X N N N N N

Melaleuca biconvexa N N X X N N N N N Rutidosis heterogama Y N X X N N N N N


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a b c d e f g Tetratheca juncea N N X X N N N N N Thelymitra sp. adorata N N X X N N N N N Threatened Fauna Species Wallum Froglet Crinia tinnula

N N X X N N N N N

Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura

N N X X N N N N N

Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides

N N X X N N N N N

Gang-gang Cockatoo Callocephalon fimbriatum

N N X X N N N N N

Glossy Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami

N N X X N N N N N

Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor

N N X X N N N N N

Turquoise Parrot Neophema pulchella

N N X X N N N N N

Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla

N N X X N N N N N

Barking Owl Ninox connivens

N N X X N N N N N

Powerful Owl Ninox strenua

N N X X N N N N N

Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae

N N X X N N N N N

Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia

N N X X N N N N N

Black-chinned Honeyeater (eastern subspecies) Melithreptus gularis gularis

N N X X N N N N N

Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera

N N X X N N N N N

Scarlet Robin Petroica boodang

N N X X N N N N N

Flame Robin Petroica phoenicea

N N X X N N N N N

Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis

N N X X N N N N N

Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus

N N X X N N N N N

Yellow-bellied Sheathtail-bat Saccolaimus flaviventris

N N X X N N N N N

Eastern Freetail-bat Mormopterus norfolkensis

N N X X N N N N N

Large-eared Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri

N N X X N N N N N

Eastern False Pipistrelle Falsistrellus tasmaniensis

N N X X N N N N N

Little Bentwing-bat Miniopterus australis

Y N X X N N N N N

Eastern Bentwing-bat Miniopterus schreibersii

N N X X N N N N N


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a b c d e f g oceanensis Greater Broad-nosed Bat Scoteanax rueppellii

N N X X N N N N N

Endangered Ecological Communities

Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains

N X X N N N N N N

Threatened Populations Eucalyptus oblonga population at Bateau Bay, Forresters Beach and Tumbi Umbi in the Wyong local government area; and

N X N X N N N N X

Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. parramattensis population in the Wyong and Lake Macquarie local government areas.

N X N X N N N N X

Notes: Y= Yes (negative impact), N= No (no or positive impact), X= not applicable, ?= unknown impact. Significance Assessment Questions as set out in the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995/ Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979.

a in the case of a threatened species, whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction,

b in the case of an endangered population, whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species that constitutes the endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction,

c in the case of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered ecological community, whether the action proposed:

(i) is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or

(ii) is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction,

d in relation to the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community: (i) the extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the action proposed, and (ii) whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat as

a result of the proposed action, and (iii) the importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to the long-term

survival of the species, population or ecological community in the locality, e whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on critical habitat (either directly or indirectly), f whether the action proposed is consistent with the objectives or actions of a recovery plan or threat

abatement plan, g whether the action proposed constitutes or is part of a key threatening process or is likely to result in the

operation of, or increase the impact of, a key threatening process. The proposed development is not likely to have a significant effect on threatened species, populations or ecological communities or their habitats listed within the TSC Act (1995).


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7. CONCLUSION Based on the detailed field survey and information provided in this report it is concluded that:

i. The threatened flora species, Rutidosis heterogama, listed within the TSC Act and the EPBC Act was observed during surveys;

ii. The threatened fauna species, Little Bentwing-bat, as listed within the TSC Act, was observed within the subject site during current surveys;

iii. No endangered populations listed within the TSC Act were observed within the subject site;

iv. No migratory species listed within the EPBC Act, were observed within the subject site; v. No threatened ecological communities listed within the TSC Act or the EPBC Act were

observed within the subject site. One endangered ecological community, Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains was observed adjacent to the subject site;

vi. A referral to the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities is considered unnecessary;

vii. The proposed development is not likely to have a significant effect on threatened species, populations or ecological communities or their habitats.

viii. A Species Impact Statement is not required for the proposed development.


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from: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/fisheries/species-protection/records/viewer Department of Primary Industries NSW (2012b) Noxious Weed Declarations Database . [Online].

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management considerations. In Conservation of Australia’s Forest Fauna. D. Lunney (Ed.). The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney, pp. 365-375.

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New South Wales University Press, Kensington NSW. Harden, G.J. (1994) Flora of New South Wales Vols 1-4, and supplements. Royal Botanic Gardens.

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http://www.bionet.nsw.gov.au/

http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/biobanking/tools.htm

APPENDIX 1 WEATHER CONDITIONS DURING SURVEY PERIODS

Appendix 1 – Weather Conditions during Survey Period (Ref: 2077) © Conacher Environmental Group Ph: (02)4324 7888

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The following weather observations from the nearest Bureau of Meteorology Weather Station (Norah Head) are provided for surveys undertaken by Lesryk Environmental Consultants (2012) and Conacher Environmental Group.


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Documents

Biodiversity Assessment Report September 2012€¦ · Conacher Environmental Groupto identify the biodiversity : characteristics of land within the subject site. This Report provides