BIOCHEMISTRYBIOCHEMISTRY

pp. 51-60pp. 51-60

CARBON COMPOUNDSCARBON COMPOUNDSCARBON BONDINGCARBON BONDING

• Has 4 electrons in the outer level so it Has 4 electrons in the outer level so it can bond 4 timescan bond 4 times

• Can bond with other carbon atoms or Can bond with other carbon atoms or other types of atomsother types of atoms

LARGE CARBON MOLECULESLARGE CARBON MOLECULES

• Monomers Monomers polymers polymers ((macromoleculesmacromolecules))

LARGE CARBON MOLECULESLARGE CARBON MOLECULES

• Condensation Condensation reactionreaction: H: H22O O removed to link 2 removed to link 2 monomersmonomers

• HydrolysisHydrolysis: add : add HH22O to break bond O to break bond between between monomersmonomers

NUCLEIC ACIDSNUCLEIC ACIDS MONOMERSMONOMERS

• NucleotidesNucleotides: made : made of 3 basic partsof 3 basic parts

- Phosphate group- Phosphate group

- a sugar- a sugar

- nitrogen - nitrogen

containing basecontaining base

• There are four nucleotides A, C, G, There are four nucleotides A, C, G, T in DNAT in DNA

NUCLEIC ACIDSNUCLEIC ACIDS MACROMOLECULESMACROMOLECULES

• NucleotidesNucleotides link to make link to make DNADNA or or RNARNA

PROTEINSPROTEINS MONOMERSMONOMERS

• Monomer= Monomer= Amino acids= Amino acids= peptidespeptides

• Made from C, H, O, and Made from C, H, O, and NN

• Same basic structure but Same basic structure but differ at differ at functional (R) functional (R) group group

• 20 amino acids20 amino acids

KNOW THE BASIC PART OF AN AMINO ACID!KNOW THE BASIC PART OF AN AMINO ACID!

PROTEINSPROTEINS MACROMOLECULESMACROMOLECULES

• peptide bondpeptide bond: : holds amino acids holds amino acids togethertogether

• DipeptideDipeptide: 2 amino : 2 amino acidsacids

• PolypeptidePolypeptide: 3 or : 3 or more amino acidsmore amino acids

• Polypeptide= Polypeptide= proteinprotein