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Biochemistry Notes
Elements and Atoms• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space.• Atoms are the basic building blocks of all
matter.• Elements are basic substances that cannot be
broken down into other substances.• Molecules are formed by the joining of atoms
of two or more elements. (smallest combination that cannot be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties)
• Compounds are composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined.
Atoms• The center of an atom is called the nucleus.• Consists of three subatomic particles called:
Protons: positive chargeNeutrons: neutral/no chargeElectrons: negative charge
• 1st level can hold 2 electrons• 2nd level can hold 8 electrons• 3rd level can hold 8 electrons
Periodic Table
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
Atomic Number: Protons
Symbol
Element
Atomic Mass Number: Protons
+
Neutrons
(Nucleus)
QUESTION: What part of the atom gives the atom its mass??
Periodic Table
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
Protons
Protons + Neutrons
Protons = ElectronsIn a neutral atom
Periodic Table
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
12
24-12 = 12
12
Protons =Electrons =Neutrons =
Bonding
The sharing of electrons in order to become stable is called covalent bonding. (2 nonmetals)
Periodic Table
Bonding
Bonding
• The gaining or losing of electrons in order to become stable is called ionic bonding. ( a metal with a nonmetal)
http://www.dac.neu.edu/physics/b.maheswaran/phy1121/data/ch09/anim/anim0904.htm
Bonding
Bonding
Organic vs. Inorganic Notes
Chemical EquationsCH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
ProductsReactants
CO2 + H2O + LIGHT ENERGY C6H12O6 + O2
Equation for Photosynthesis
6 6 6
Inorganic Substances
• Acids: substances that forms hydrogen (H) hydrogen ions in water. pH of 0-7.
• Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH) in water. pH scale of 7-14.
• Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine.
Not Containing Carbon
HClH2SO4
NaOHKOH
NaClMgCl2
Organic Substances
Molecule that is found in living systems; contains carbon; usually in rings or long chains
Organic Substances• Carbohydrates: made up of simple
sugars (saccharides)
Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides
Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least 1 fatty acid
•Proteins: made up of amino acids
InorganicAcid Base Salt
OrganicCarbohydrate
ProteinLipid
Nucleic Acid