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8/9/2019 BioChar Benefits - Enhances Crop Growth by 80 to 800 Percent
1/18
2009 International Biomass
Conference Presented by BBI International. Portland, Oregon USA
Pyrolysis and Its End Products
Robert VolpeVice President, Sales and Marketing
Mantria Industries, LLC
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Terminology
Terminology
CombustionReaction of a material with air/O2 with the intent of complete oxidation.
GasificationThe conversion of a material into a gas, commonly referred to as ''producer gas', if the reaction iswith air and "syngas" if the reaction is with O2.
PyrolysisThermal degradation of biomass in the absence of oxygen to produce condensable vapors, gases,and charcoal. Air may be admitted to promote endothermic process.
LiquefactionLow temperature, high pressure thermo-chemical conversion in the liquid phase, usually with a highhydrogen partial pressure and catalyst to enhance the rate of reaction.
Source: International Biochar Initiative - http://www.biochar-international.org
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Types of Pyrolysis
Types of Pyrolysis
Slow pyrolysisSlow pyrolysis has been used for centuries to produce charcoal, tars, alcohols such as ethanol and methanol and other solvents. Relatively low reactor temperatures [< 400C]
Atmospheric pressure
Very low heating rates ranging from 0.01C/s to up to 2C/s
Conventional pyrolysisYields of organic liquids products from conventional pyrolysis are typically low, 20 % char yields, 20 wt% water and non-condensablegases comprised mainly of carbon dioxide.
Relatively low reactor temperatures [< 450C]
Slow heating rates [of the material] of about 2-10C/s
Atmospheric pressure
Fast pyrolysisFast pyrolysis therefore gives higher reaction rates due to the higher temperatures. The distinction between flash and fast pyrolysis has largelydisappeared :
High heating rates [> 1000C/s]
Reactor temperatures greater than 450C
Operated from ~425-550C to optimise liquid yields [depending on feedstock]
Above 600C to increase or optimise the gas yield
Source: International Biochar Initiative - http://www.biochar-international.org
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8/9/2019 BioChar Benefits - Enhances Crop Growth by 80 to 800 Percent
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Pyrolysis Hybrid SystemsHybrid: Advanced pressurized, partial-pyrolitic gasification and carbonization system.
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8/9/2019 BioChar Benefits - Enhances Crop Growth by 80 to 800 Percent
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Types of Feedstocks
Tires MSW and Sludge Agricultural Waste
Green Waste Invasive Species Agricultural Residue
8/9/2019 BioChar Benefits - Enhances Crop Growth by 80 to 800 Percent
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Waste Macadamia Nut Shells
Before Processing After Processing
Limited Commercial Use High Commercial Value
8/9/2019 BioChar Benefits - Enhances Crop Growth by 80 to 800 Percent
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BioProducts
BioChar
Soil Amendments
Water, Gas and Air Filtration
Metallurgical Reductant
Cooking and Heating
Pharmaceutical
Power Utilities
Industrial
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BioChar
BioChar Benefits
Enhances crop growth by 80 800 percent
Increases the cation exchange capacity in soils
Enhances soil microbial functions
Improves nutrient retention capacity of soils
Reduces fertilizer and herbicides required, decreasing N2O & CH4 emissions
Improves water permeability, retention while preventing leaching of nutrients
Sequesters carbon for many generations
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Water, Gas and Air Filtration
Water, Gas and Air Filtration
Activated carbon is used in a wide variety of purification and filtrationsystems such as municipal and industrial water treatment systems.
Non-porous BioChar can be converted to highly porous, high surfacearea activated BioChar by steam treatment at elevated temperature
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Cooking and Heating
Cooking and Heating
Cooking
Charcoal Briquettes for cooking, including grilling and barbecuing.
Heat production
Used as a raw material to manufacture fuel pellets for use in domestic and industrialheating markets. This market is currently supplied by wood pellet products. BioCarbonhas a higher energy density than wood pellets.
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Metallurgical
Metallurgical
BioChar can be used as a reductant, similar to coke, in theproduction of iron and steel.
Substitute for high value anthracite coal, which is typically used in
metallurgical applications such as iron production.
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More Uses
Pharmaceuticals
Activated carbon is used in pharmaceutical industry primarily as anadsorbent to remove pollutants during the drug manufacturingprocess.
Mercury Removal from CoalUsed to absorb mercury emissions from coal fired power stations,medical incinerators, and from natural gas at the wellhead.
Co-Fire With CoalAs the BioChar is CO2 neutral and contains virtually no sulphur,emissions are reduced in proportion to the amount of coal displaced.
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More Uses
Carbon BlackA purified form of carbon with many applications, including ink-jetprinter ink and tire manufacturing.
Cement/Asphalt
As an amendment for asphaltic concrete.
Carbon Fuel CellsTurns carbon directly into electricity.
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BioProducts Improve Environment
Producing BioProducts Reduces
the Following Negative Effects On Our Environment Green House Gas Emissions
Air, Water, and Land Pollution
Waste Streams and Landfills Waste Stream Hauling Traffic
Vector and Health Problems
Agricultural Chemical Fertilizer
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Pyrolysis and Its End Products
Robert VolpeVice President, Sales and Marketing
Mantria Industries, LLC
www.MantriaIndustries.com
www.CarbonDiversion.com
www.EternaGreen.com
2009 International Biomass
Conference Presented by BBI International. Portland, Oregon USA