bio1_multiple births

8/7/2019 bio1_multiple births

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INCREASING

PHENOMENON ON

MULTIPLE BIRTHS


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Multiple Births

- - more than one fetus is carried to term in a single

- pregnancy.

- multiple fetuses can be the same (identical,monozygotic) or different (fraternal, dizygotic)


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How common are multiples?

-In the year 2000,- * 118, 920 twin births

- * 6,740 triplet births- * 507 quadruplet births- * 78 higher order multiple births

- that is more than a 70 percent increase inthe number of twin births from 1980.


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Factors that Increase the Chances of

Conceiving Multiple Babies-- increase can probably be attributed to the impact ofusing fertility drugs and fertility treatments, such asin-vitro fertilization. Younger patients who undergo

treatment with fertility mediation containing artificialfollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) followed byintrauterine insemination, are particularly at risk formultiple births of higher order.

-- chance increases as you grow older

-- having a maternal history of twins or other multiplebirths increases your chance


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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormonefound in humans and other animals. It issynthesized and secreted by gonadotrophs of the

anterior pituitary gland. FSH regulates thedevelopment, growth, pubertal maturation, andreproductive processes of the body. Recombinantfollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is administeredby subcutaneous (under the skin) injection with asmall needle.


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Intrauterine Insemination - 'Washed sperm', thatis, spermatozoa which have been removed from

most other components of the seminal fluids,

can be injected directly into a woman's uterus.


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Risks ofHaving Multiple Babies

-- Extra demands are placed on the mother and theplacental system on which the babies rely. This mayslow the growth of one or both the babies, and cause

high blood pressure in the mother.

- - Babies born from multiple-birth pregnancies aremore likely to result in premature birth than thosefrom single pregnancies. The preterm births alsoresult in multiples tending to have a lower birthweight compared to singletons.


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- multiples may becomemonochorionic, sharing the

same chorion, with resultantrisk of twin-to-twintransfusion syndrome.Monochorionic multiples mayeven become monoamniotic,sharing the same amnioticsac, resulting in risk ofumbilical cord compressionand entanglement. In very

rare cases, there may beconjoined twins, possiblyimpairing function of internalorgans.


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*Chorion - the outer membrane enclosingthe embryo of mammals, reptiles, and

birds. It has a dense concentration ofblood vessels and aids in the formation ofthe placenta in mammals.

*Amniotic Sac - the fluid-filled sac withinwhich the embryo of a bird, reptile, ormammal develops.

* Placenta - vascular organ that developsinside the uterus of most pregnantmammals to supply food and oxygen tothe foetus through the umbilical cord.


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(TTTS), (Feto-Fetal Transfusion Syndrome (FFTS) or TwinOligohydramnios-Polyhydramnios Sequence (TOPS)) is a

complication of disproportionate blood supply. blood canbe transferred disproportionately from one twin (the

"donor") to the other (the "recipient"). The transfusion

causes the donor twin to have decreased blood volume.The blood volume of the recipient twin is increased


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.. End of Report ..

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