PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK

SPM

ORGANISED BY:

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG

BIOLOGYMODULE 1CELL STRUCTURE

Topic 2 – Cell structure and cell organisation

Animal cell and Plant cell

Animal Cell

Plant cell

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Centrioles

Cromosom

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Nuclear membrane

Mitochondrion

Plasma membrane

Vesicle

Mitochondrion

Cell wall

Vacuole

Plasma Membrane

Chloroplast

Cromosom

Nuclear membrane

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Cell Structure and Function

Structure Function

(a) Plasma membrane

Controls movement of substances in and out of cell

(b) Cytoplasm medium for reactions in the cell

(c) Nucleus controls all cell activity

(d) Endoplasmic transports proteins and lipids

(e) Ribosomes

Synthesis protein

(f) Mitochondria site for energy synthesis

(g) Golgi apparatus completes the synthesis of glycoproteins,hormones and polysaccharides

(h) Lysosomes destroy worn out organelles within the cell

(i) Centrioles involve in cell division

(j) Vacuole keeps cell sap

(k) Chloroplast site for photosynthesis

(l) Cell wall Gives shape and support to the cell

Differences between animal cells and plant cells.

Animal cells Plant cells1) Usually smaller in size Usually bigger in size2) Do not have a fixed shape Have a fixed shape3) Do not have cell walls Have cell walls4)Do not have chloroplasts All green plants have chloroplasts

which contain chlorophyll5) Do not have vacuoles. If present, vacuoles are usually small and numerous

Have a large central vacuole

6) Carbohydrate is stored in the form of glycogen

Carbohydrate is stored in the form of starch

7) Have centrioles Do not have centrioles

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ACTIVITY 1

Label the diagram with the correct terms given below.

Animal cell

ACTIVITY 2

Label the diagram with the correct terms given below.

Plant cell

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Centrioles Plasma membrane Mitochondrion Nucleus

Cytoplasm Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi appratus

Vacuole Cell wall Chloroplast Golgi apparatus

Nucleus Mitochondrion Tonoplast Plasma membrane

A-

B-

C-

D-

E-

F-

G-

H-

A-

B-

C-

D-

E-

F-

G-

H-

ACTIVITY 3

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answers.

1. All living organisms are made up of functioning units called __________________.

2. _________________ are structures that perform specific functions within the cell.

3. The __________________________ is semi-permeable and acts as a selective barrier. It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cytoplasm.

4. A _______________________ gives shape to a plant cell and provides mechanical support for the plant cell.

5. ______________________ contains organic and inorganic substances and acts as a medium for biochemical reactions in the cell.

6. The cell ______________________ controls cell activities.

7. The ____________________ stores sugar and salt solutions which is

also known as ______________________.

8. The ____________________ is a site for energy generation.

9. Synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes, takes place in the _________________.

10. The ______________________________ transports proteins made by the ribosomes.

11. _______________________________ is the site of important metabolic reactions,including synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs and poisons.

12. The __________________________ collects chemicals produced by the cell and covers them with membrane to form secretory granules.

13. _________________ break down damaged organelles and help the cell renew itself.

14. _________________ form spindle microtubules during cell division in animal cells

15. The ___________________ has chlorophyll which performs photosynthesis.

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ASSESSMENT

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Protoplasm is composed of A cytoplasm and nucleus B cytoplasm and plasma membrane C plasma membrane and nucleus D cytoplasm, nucleus and plasma membrane

2. Which are the basic components of a cell I plasma membrane II mitochondrion III nucleus IV cytoplasm A I , II and III B I , III and IV C II , III and IV D I , II , III and IV

3. Which of the following organelles contains chromosomes? A Nucleus B Ribosomes C Mitochondrion D Golgi apparatus

4. Figure 1(i) and Figure 1(ii) below show the structures of an amoeba and a plant cell.

Figure 1(i) Figure 1(ii)

Which of the structures on Figure 1(i) and Figure 1(ii) have the same function? A W and P B X and Q C Y and R D Z and S

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Figure 2

5. Which cell does not posses the organelle shown in Figure 2? A Guard cell B Epidermal cell C Spongy mesophyll cell D Palisade mesophyll cell

6. The following information refers to organelle Y.

What is organelle Y? A Nucleus B Ribosome C Mitochondrion D Golgi apparatus

7. Which of the following organelles are found in both plant and animal cells? I Centrioles II Mitochondria III Golgi apparatus IV Endoplasmic reticulum A I and III B I , II and III C I , II and IV D II , III and IV

8. Which of the following are characteristics of an animal cell? I Irregular shape II Big vacuole III Presence of starch grains IV No cell wall A I and II C I , II and III B I and IV D II , III and IV

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Found in large numbers in spermFunctions as a site to generate energy(ATP)

Figure 3 shows a plant cell.

Figure 3

9. Which can be found in X? A Water B Starch suspension C Sugar and mineral salts solution D Air

10. Which of these statements is true about cells? A Animal cells have cell walls B Animal cells have large vacuoles C Plant cells store food in the form of glycogen D Plants cells do not have centrioles

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

1. Figure 1 shows two cells, X and Y.

(a) Identify cell X and cell Y.

X : ________________________ Y : _______________________ ( 2 marks )

(b) State three characteristics which enable you to differentiate Y and X.

(i) __________________________________________________________

(ii) __________________________________________________________

(iii) __________________________________________________________ ( 3 marks )

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(c) Name the following parts:

(i) P : _______________________________________________________

(ii) R : _______________________________________________________

(iiI) S : _______________________________________________________ ( 3 marks )

(d) What is the importance of Q to cell Y ?

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ ( 2 marks )

(e) Predict what happens to cell if organelle P is absent ?

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ ( 2 marks )

ESSAY

1. (a) Draw a plant cell and label all its parts clearly. ( 5 marks )

(b) State the differences between plant and animal cells. ( 5 marks )

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A plant cell is examined under high magnification using a microscope.

ANSWER KEY

ACTIVITY 1

A – Nucleus E – RibosomesB – Mitochondrion F – Endoplasmic reticulumC – Centrioles G – CytoplasmD – Plasma membrane H – Golgi apparatus

ACTIVITY 2

A – Golgi apparatus E – MitochondrionB – Chloroplast F – TonoplastC – Vacuole G – NucleusD – Cell wall H – Plasma membrane

ACTIVITY 3

1. Cells 9. Ribosomes2. Organelles 10. Rough endoplasmic reticulum3. Plasma membrane 11. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 4. Cell wall 12. Golgi apparatus5. Cytoplasm 13. Lysosomes6. Nucleus 14. Centrioles 7. Vacuole , cell sap 15. Chloroplast 8. Mitochondrion

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. A 6. C2. B 7. D3. A 8. B4. D 9. C5. B 10. D

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

1 (a) X – Animal cell Y – Plant cell

(b) (i) A plant cell has cell wall (ii) A plant cell has large vacuole (iii) A plant cell has chloroplast

(c) (i) P – Mitochondrion (ii) R – Nucleus (iii) S – Chloroplast

(d) Q is a vacuole. It controls the osmotic balance and the turgor pressure in a cell. This is important especially to the herbaceous plants, which depend on turgidity for support.

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(e) Organelle P is a mitochondrion, which is a site for generating energy. Energy is required for cell activities such as cell division, excretion and respiration. If there is no organelle P , cell activities will stop.

ESSAY QUESTION.

1 (a) Functional diagram : Cell wall , vacuole , chloroplasts and mitochondrion 2 marks Label : Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts, nucleus and mitochondrion. 4 – 5 correct = 3 marks 2 – 3 correct = 2 marks < 3 correct = 1 mark ( 5 marks )

(b) Differences between animal cells and plant cells.

Animal cells Plant cells1) Usually smaller in size Usually bigger in size 1/0 2) Do not have a fixed shape Have a fixed shape 1/03) Do not have cell walls Have cell walls 1/04)Do not have chloroplasts All green plants have chloroplasts

which contain chlorophyll 1/05) Do not have vacuoles. If present, vacuoles are usually small and numerous

Have a large central vacuole 1/0

6) Carbohydrate is stored in the form of glycogen

Carbohydrate is stored in the form of starch 1/0

7) Have centrioles Do not have centrioles 1/0

Maximum : 5 marks

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