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Bio-energy from forests in Sweden – current use and status
Anna Furness-Lindén
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Skogforsk – the Forestry Research Institute of Sweden
The central research body of the Swedish Forestry Sector Two principal areas: Forest production & Wood supply.Wide field of research: tree breeding, forest technology, environmental impact and conservation, organizational structures etc. Some 60 ResearchersFinanced jointly by government and the Institute’s members 100 millions/year in turnoverwww.skogforsk.se
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Forests and Forestry - SwedenForest covered land 60 % Scots pine(39%) Norwegian Spruce(45 %) Birch(10%) The forest is the most important natural resource20 % of Swedish export income, gives employment to about 100.000 peopleOver half of the forest area is owned by private, small scale forest owners. Forest companies own 40 %, the State and other public organisations own the restPublic access by customary rights provides for forest multi functionality
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Example: Skogforsk Conference – ”Teknik 2006” 30-1 nov/dec
Theme:How do we deal with rapidly expanding
supply of wood fuel?
Bioenergy is hothot!
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We have a lot in common…
…but right now we look at You, guys!!!
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Energy supplied Sweden (2004): 493 TWh
92 TWh
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Forest fuel:
Energy supplied from Forest fuel (TWh/year)
26
31
35Wood fuel
chips, sawdust,barkBlack liquors
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Wood fuel…
…contributes with some 30 TWh yearly or 6 % of the overall energy supply …includes
Non industrial round wood ~3 TWhFire wood (private) ~12 TWhTall oil pitch ~3 TWh Logging residue/slash/GROT ~12 TWh
Stumps? Small dimension trees?
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Demand
Oil Commission 2006 ”Sweden independent of oil 2020”
Market forcesOngoing conversion into bio fuel fed plants…30 new bio fuel fed plants planned 2006-2011.Potential volymes are used several times in the supply calculations for these…Forestry are looking closer into using slash inhouse…
…shortage of volymes!?
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Supply
??? ??
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Slash piling +5-10 TWh Stump harvesting +5-10 TWhSmall dimension trees +5 TWh
Potential wood fuel energy
…something like 50-80% more than we make use of today!
+15-25 TWh
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The market of wood fuel energySupply -5 large scale producers– Naturbränsle
(Mellanskog)– Norrbränsle (SCA)– SEAB (StoraEnso)– Sveaskog– Södra energi (Södra
skogsägarna)
Demand - Consumers of energy– District heating (+power
generation)– Households (fire wood)– Forest industry…
Contractors- Wood fuel entrepreneurs- Loggers- Truckers
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Its about making the volymes economically avaliable
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•chips•bundles
•slash
1. Logging residues- 3 generic systems
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System used
4Crushing + storing
(Chipping + storing)slash on truckForwarder
6Deliverytruck-mounted chipperForwarder
78DeliveryPossible storing
Chipping + container truckForwarder
12DeliveryPossible storingContainer truck
Chipper mounted on forwarder
%CustomerTerminalLandingCutting area
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System not yet used…
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The ”lowest fruit to pick”:
Proper slash piling!
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Road transport
Slash ~65 km Bundles ~150 kmChips ~150 kmSpecial trucks, train, boat?
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Terminal storing
Storing at terminal is decreasing rapidly
Chips – losses in qualitySlash – fungusBundles – little problems
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Crushing
Mobile, semi-mobile at terminalsCentral – more to come?!
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2. Stumps
Stumps are being harvested at experimental level in Sweden and……we look closely into Finnish experiencesGudrun Storm sitesBiological effects?
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3. Small dimensional trees
Cleaning, thinning, power lines, road embankments…Nothing is taken care of today
”the Younger Stand - problem”Nutrition balances in young stands?
Multi stem processing – the road to success!?
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”The slash is still just cleaning up”…
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Techniques MethodsProcessesOrganisational structuresBusiness concepts
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5-10TWh
5 TWh
5-10 TWh
We want the stuff out there…
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…but how do we do it?
