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Bio cultural diversity for policy development at national and
local level/ LBSAPsMs. Juliana Chaves-Chaparro
Project officer, Science Policy and Partnership SectionDivision of Science Policy and Capacity Building
UNESCO Headquarters-Paris ( France)
We need the equivalent of a new city of
ONE MILLION PEOPLEEvery week until 2050 for our growing
URBAN POPULATION
Beyond city limits
Crops=Pasture=
4
Local decisions-global impact- Globalized; Facing climate changes: unexpected and
probability of more extreme events -Uncertainty;
Population increase - Pressure Global crisis: food, energy and financial -
Poverty Where knowledge and technology is more
and more important- Inequalities; More biocultural diversity-more
innovation for sustainable solutions Need to improve the Science-policy-society interface and work on the Sustainability Science paradigm
The World Today
Polarities in our world?
5
Short term Government agendas
The need of long-term policies
Certainty Uncertainty
Disciplines Inter and transdisciplinaryscience
Known connections Hidden connections
Economic interests Social and environmental Sustainability
Political objectives and language Science objectives and language
Individual and coalition power
Citizenship solutions
Improving the international science-policy interface
The Science-Policy-society interface
• Integrated goals for global sustainability based
on scientific evidence are needed to provide
essential targets for societies
• The challenges facing a planet under pressure
demand a new approach to research that is
more integrative, international and solutions-
oriented. We need to link high-quality focused
scientific research to new policy-relevant
interdisciplinary efforts for global sustainability:
Sustainability Science Paradigm
• New mechanisms to facilitate an interactive
dialogue on global sustainability among the
various stakeholders and the policy-making
community at different scales ( IPBES, UNSAB)
Source: UNESCO (2010), Science Policy Studies and Documents in LAC, vol. 1.
2. What kind of knowledge production we need for Sustainable Development?
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20
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1932 1946 1960 1974 1988 2002 2016 2030 2044 2058 2072 2086
Diffu
sion o
f Te
chno-E
conom
ic
Para
dig
ms
for
the O
rganiz
ation
of
STI
Str
uct
ure
s and P
olic
ies
Fo
rmula
tion
Org
aniz
ation
Action
Qu
estionin
g
Fo
rmula
tion
Org
aniz
ation
Action
Qu
estionin
g
Fo
rmula
tion
Org
aniz
ation
Action
Social Contract of Science
Linear Model of Science
"Science the Endless Frontier"
New Social Contract of Science
Sustainable Science and
Development Paradigm
Geographical distribution and links for the production of knowledge using the sustainable science paradigm
Africa is the less connected region within the Production of Sustainable Science New Knowledge
1. The meaning of the S
10
Society Questions and
needs
Science Questions
and Agenda
Policy Formulation
Relevance: solutions
to today’s problems
Science-society
contract
Interdisciplinary and
transdisciplinary: 4
sectors
UN Statistics on STI
and Education
Co-design and co-
production
Long-term vision but
short political cycles;
Accountability
The role of the media
Policies for Science.
Science for policy
Timely advice
Language adjustment
Citizenship
development ;
Human capital
development
• Guidelines for Sustainable
Development Goals i.e.
Sustainability Science in
Research and Education
• Improve science-policy
interface:
Scientific advisory
mechanisms
Sustainable
development
assessment/platform:
IPCC, IPBES, Future
Earth – UNESCO
The Science-Policy-society interface
• 70 years expertise in
Identifying and fostering
good governance with
collaborative learning
between communities,
scientists and policy-makers
• Inform policy processes at
all scales with dialogue on
current roles, challenges,
and future alternatives
• Enrich the search for future
alternatives with lessons
learnt from knowledge
holders in the field-
specialised in developing
countries
Bio-cultural diversity “Biocultural diversity includes the diversity of life, human cultures, and languages” (Maffi 2005).
UNESCO –SCBD
Responding to a changing landscape
• “In a world of accelerated global environmental change,
biocultural diversity plays a crucial role in maintaining the
resilience of social-ecological systems” Communities
knowledgeable of biological and cultural diversity enhance the
ability to cope with present and future global changes
• “The links between biological, cultural and linguistic diversity have
developed over time through mutual adaptation and possibly co-
evolution” .Biological diversity linked to high cultural diversity
areas: Local knowledge and community-based conservation are
closely interlinked
Map of country´s contribution, where the area of each country is scaled and deformed according to its number of publications
• In Asia, many local communities use resources provided by ecosystems for their distinct local cultures.
• Local natural resources must be protected and preserved, and utilized appropriately and wisely for the vitalization of communities.
• Commitment to exploring and implementing integrated approaches to conservation, sustainable and equitable use and the equitable sharing of benefits arising from nature.
• Strengthen the resilience of local biocultural diversity,
• Enhance and support local and traditional knowledge systems, technologies and cultural practices.
Conference on linking Cultural and Biological Diversity- Global perspective
Co-organized by UNESCO and the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological
Diversity in June 2010
• Integrate biological and cultural diversity into development cooperation strategies
and programmes.
• Outcomes:
- 2010 Declaration on Bio-Cultural Diversity
- Draft Joint Programme between UNESCO and the Secretariat of the
Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD)M
- Member-state parties and other relevant stakeholders were invited to
contribute to and support the implementation of this joint programme.
Joint programme endorsed by the 10th meeting of the Parties to the CBD
(CBD COP 10), October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan (Decision X/20).
CULTURAL PRACTICES
Depend upon specific elements of biodiversity
for their existence and expression
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
•Diversity of knowledge and practices
•Ways of living together
•Value and belief systems
•Languages
•Artistic expressions
Ensembles of biodiversity are
developed, maintained and managed by
CULTURAL GROUPS
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
• Diversity within species
• Between species
• Between ecosysstems
Links between Biological and Cultural Diversity
• Language key vehicle of knowledge
• Captures, maintains, conveys information of local territories, species, ecosystems, landscapes
• Knowledge is developed and passed through generations through languages
Languages and linguistic diversity
• Engage with Biodiversity through specific representative objects
• Representations provide valuable information on the diverse use of biodiversity and economic, social, cultural practices and values
Material culture
• Local and indigenous communities posess knowledge, know-how, technologies, skills and practices related to biodiversity.
• In a changing environment, such knowledge is combined with innovation resulting from the interaction between local biodiversity, practices, customary laws, cultural and spiritual values.
Local, traditional and indigenous knowledge,
technology and innovation
• Dependence on biodiversity from agriculture, fisheries, forestry or pastoralism
• Local knowledge management and governance practices for sustainable use of biodiversity result from interaction between economic and cultural forces
Modes of subsistence
• Cultural identity, social structures and economic relations linked to local biodiversity
• Relationships with surrounding land, sea, rivers, mountains, forests, lakes, animals and plants
Social and economic relations
• Diversity of the world’s belief systems, mythologies, worldviews and cosmologies affects the ways people develop their identity and spirituality in relation to the natural worldBelief systems
• Cultural values of biodiversity encompass aesthetic, spiritual, recreational, educational, inspirational values
• People’s relations to biodiversity are defined by cultural valuesValues
Links between Biological and Cultural Diversity (2)
2016 , Conference organized by UNESCO, CBD Secretariat, United Nations
University, and the Ishikawa Prefectural Government.
• Biocultural diversity in Climate change Adaptation:
• By adding resilience to both human communities and ecosystems and
making them less vulnerable,
• By providing the needed genetic resources to adapt food systems to face
the impacts of climate change.
• Biological and cultural diversity are treated as separate issues in policy-making
and management. These dual approaches often lead to diverging and
sometimes conflicting agendas, undermining the advances made in the field of
biodiversity at the expense of those in cultural diversity and vice versa”.
• Global erosion of diversity needs to be addressed in a holistic way that
recognizes the links between biological and cultural components.
The declaration invites international and regional organizations, national and local
authorities, to establish or further develop and support platforms for dialogue, where
citizens, indigenous peoples and local communities, municipalities, business entities
and researchers, can build networks and foster exchanges and partnership, towards
better policy development regarding biocultural diversity and urban-rural linkages.
Local Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
• From IX CBD Nagoya Japan in line with Aichi Objectives 2020
• LBSAP: Specific and action-based guidelines to complement NBSAPs at the local scale.
LAC region
• Mexico DF: 21,321,000 inhabitants in 2016, 20% of country’s population, average growth rate of 4,4% per year since 2005 (Source: worldpopulationreview.com).
• Example for Asia cities in expansion
BOLIVIA
Nat
ion
al le
vel Demonstrations for land and territory by native
indigenous rural movements (1990’s)
Election of first indigenous president (2005)
Constitutive Assembly (from 2007 to 2008)
State Constitution (January 2009)
1st and 2nd World Summits of Indigenous Peoples on Climate Change (2011 and 2015)
Rights of Mother Earth Law (December 2011)
Framework legislation for Mother Earth and the Comprehensive Development to live well (Vivir Bien).
(October 2012)
Plurinational Authority of Mother Earth (August 2013)
Plurinational Agenda 2025 (13 pillars)
Socio-economic development plan 2016-2020: in the framework of Vivir Bien (Interscientifc and knowledge
exchange dialogue)
State Comprehensive Planification System Law
National Policy Framework on Mother Earth and Comprehensive Development for Life quality
Purpose of the Law
« Establish the vision and fundamentals for a comprehensive development in harmony and
balance with Mother Earth to Live Well. (Ensuringthe continuity of Mother Earth’s capacity to
regenerate its components and life systems). »
Article 1 of Vivir Bien
Co
mp
lem
enta
rity
Rights of Mother Earth
Rights of States to reach their full development
Rights of native indigenous peoples, intercultural and afrobolivian
communities
Rights of the rural and urban populations, men and women, to
emerge from poverty
Complementarity: Rights, Duties and Obligations
Life Systems
• Organised and dynamic communities of plants, animals, micro-organisms and other beings, and their environment,
• Where they interact with human communities and the rest of Nature in one functional unit,
• Under the influences of climactic, physiographic and geological factors,
• As well as agricultural practices, cultural diversity of Bolivians, including cosmovisionsof the native indigenous rural peoples and nations, and intercultural and afroboliviancommunities.
• Life systems establish themselves at the intersection of life areas and sociocultural units, and identify optimal settings to develop in order to form the said interrelation.
Life Systems and Territorial Plans
• Life Systems are the spatial areas where societies or social-cultural units interact with areas of life, identifying the most optimal relations and systems in order to achieve the said interrelation.
• Territorial plans must be orientated to strengthen the formation of life systems in areas of its jurisdiction
