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Bio 9B: Wednesday, 2.9.11 Title: The Cell Cycle. Homework: Review Section 10-2 (pgs. 244-249). Review the stages of Mitosis Do Now: Put the following in order from largest to smallest: Gene Chromosome Nucleotide DNA Today’s Objectives: Describe the structure of a chromosome. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Bio 9B: Wednesday, 2.9.11Title: The Cell Cycle
Homework: Review Section 10-2 (pgs. 244-249).
Review the stages of Mitosis
Do Now:Put the following in order from largest to smallest: Gene Chromosome Nucleotide DNA
Today’s Objectives: Describe the structure of a chromosome. Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
DNA
Chromosomes: DNA tightly coiled around little protein balls (histones) to make it very compact
Gene: Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait
Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait
Chromosome Review
Nucleotide Base Pairs
Chromosomes unraveling into DNA
Chromosome Review Contain DNA Number varies
with organism: Humans: 46 Cats: 32 Dogs: 72
Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
The Cell Cycle: Overview One cell grows
and divides into two new cells
Purpose: Growth Replace dead cells Repair tissues
after injury Asexual
reproduction (in single-celled organisms) Amoeba reproducing
Major Steps of the Cell Cycle
Interphase: growth; copying of chromosomes & organelles G1 phase: Cell grows S phase: DNA replicates G2 phase: More growth;
cell prepares to divide M-Phase:
Mitosis Chromosomes separate to form two new nuclei
Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cellsObjectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
What do you notice about the chromosomes in G1 versus G2?
Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
Chromosome Replication During the Cell Cycle
G1 Phase: Chromosomes are un-
replicated - each contains one copy of its DNA
Un-Replicated Chromosome
G2 Phase: Chromosomes are replicated
- each contains two exact copies of its DNA
Centromere – a small spot in the center of a chromosome
Replicated Chromosome
Sister Chromatids– two halves of a replicated chromosome– exact copies of each other
Centromere
S Phase:DNA Replication
creates replicated chromosomes
Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
More Images of Chromosome Replication
Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
Bio 9B: Thursday, 2.10.11Title: Mitosis Investigations
Homework: Complete Discussion Questions from the
Investigation
Do Now: Why do chromosomes replicate and divide?
Today’s Objectives: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s
DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells
Double Block
Why do Chromosomes Replicate?
So they can split during mitosis and separate into two new cells
Each cell gets an exact copy of each chromosome!
Objectives for Class:• Describe the structure of a chromosome.• Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
Mitosis Investigations Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards
Activity Working in Pairs, match the picture of the
stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture.
Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation
Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells
in different stages of mitosis. Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe
Cleaner Simulation Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of
chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.
Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Bio 9B: Monday, 2.14.11Title: Stages of Mitosis Investigations – Per3
Homework: Complete the Investigation II Discussion Questions
Do Now:1. For each cell shown below: How many chromosomes are
there? Are they un-replicated or replicated?a) b) c)
2. Why is it important for chromosomes to replicate during the cell cycle?
Today’s Objectives: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different
nuclei to create two new cells
Mitosis Investigations Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards
Activity Working in Pairs, match the picture of the
stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture.
Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation
Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells
in different stages of mitosis. Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe
Cleaner Simulation Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of
chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.
Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Bio 9B: Tuesday, 2.15.11Title: Stages of Mitosis Review
Homework: Study for tomorrow’s quiz – see assignment
sheet for review
Do Now: Next Slide…
Today’s Objectives: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into
two different nuclei to create two new cells
Short Activity: Plant Cells in Mitosis Can you identify the different stages?
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Mitosis: Chromosomes separate to form two new nuclei
Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cells
M-Phase: Mitotic Division
Objectives for Class:Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis.Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells.
• .
Stages of MitosisStep 1: Prophase
Step 2: Metaphase Step 4:
Telophase
Step 3: Anaphase
Cell Division in Mitosis• Animal Cell Mitosis under the Microscope:
• 12_06AnimalMitosis_SV.mpg
• Stages of Mitosis Video:• Mitosis.mpg
Animal Cell Plant Cells
Interphase
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) Spindle fibers form between the ends (poles) of
cell.
Mitosis Stages: Prophase
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Mitosis Stages: Metaphase Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids, as they
prepare to pull them apart
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell
Mitosis Stages: Anaphase
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Two new nuclei form Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather
than rods) Mitosis ENDS
Mitosis Stages: Telophase
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes
Cytokinesis
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Objectives for Class:• Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Stages of Mitosis
Quiz Review: DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle
Diagram and describe the structure of DNA and… Label the following parts:
deoxyribose sugar phosphate nitrogenous bases hydrogen bonds.
Show proper pairing between nitrogenous bases.
Define each of the following terms and explain how they all relate to each other: DNA Genes Chromosomes Nucleotides
Describe the steps of DNA replication.
Diagram and describe the structure of a chromosome. Draw a chromosome and label the
centromere and sister chromatids. Distinguish between un-replicated and
replicated chromosomes. Explain the purpose and overall result of
the cell cycle. Describe what happens in each step of the
cell cycle: Interphase
G1 phase S phase G2 phase
Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Cytokinesis Draw and/or label a diagram of mitosis.
Bio 9B: Wednesday, 2.16.11Title: Quiz – DNA Structure Replication and the Cell Cycle
Homework: None
Do Now: Clear your desks and get ready for the quiz
Today’s Objectives: Demonstrate knowledge of DNA and the
Cell Cycle on a quiz
Double Block
Quiz:DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle No talking If you have a question or need
something from your bag, please raise your hand and ask permission
When done, please put your quiz face down on the kidney table in the appropriate pile (version A or version B).
No Homework!
Bio 9B: Thursday, 2.16.11Title: Movie – Dinosaurs: Return to Life
Homework: None: Enjoy Break!
Do Now: How do cells differentiate to become different
types of cells if they all have the same DNA?
Today’s Objectives:
Double Block
Dinosaurs: Return to Life Complete the “guided viewing” packet while
watching the video. Write questions down while viewing We will follow-up with a short discussion after the
movie.