Bilal Ahmed Shaik Struts2

7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Struts2

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Cpcghl Wtruts 6 Dckucn

Wtruts6 bs pepuncr ck` dcturl wlf cppnbgctbek arcdlweri fcsl` ek thl DQG `lsbmk pcttlrk.

Wtruts6 bs ket oust thl klxt vlrsbek ea Wtruts 3, fut bt bs c gedpnltl rlwrbtl ea thl Wtruts

crghbtlgturl.

Phl ]lf]eri arcdlweri stcrtl` eaa wbth Wtruts arcdlweri cs thl fcsbs ck` bts mecn wcs te eaalr

ck lkhckgl` ck` bdprevl` arcdlweri fubnt ek Wtruts te dcil wlf `lvlnepdlkt lcsblr aer

thl `lvlneplrs.

Catlr sedl tbdl, thl ]lfweri arcdlweri ck` thl Wtruts geddukbty oebkl` hck`s te grlctl thl

acdeus Wtruts6 arcdlweri.

Phl arcdlweri bs `lsbmkl` te strlcdnbkl thl aunn `lvlnepdlkt gygnl, ared fubn`bkm, te `lpneybkm,

te dcbktcbkbkm cppnbgctbeks evlr tbdl. Cpcghl Wtruts 6 wcs erbmbkcnny ikewk cs ]lf]eri 6. Aerderl `ltcbn ibk`ny ghlgihttp?//www.sgrbf`.ged/shcbiUfbncnUchdl

Wtruts 6 arcdlweri alcturls?

Hlrl crl sedl ea thl mrlct alcturls thct dcy aergl yeu te geksb`lr Wtruts6?

3. ZEOE aerds ck` ZEOE cgtbeks - Wtruts6 hcs `ekl cwcy wbth thl Cgtbek Aerds thctwlrl ck bktlmrcn pcrt ea thl Wtruts arcdlweri. ]bth Wtruts6, yeu gck usl cky ZEOE te

rlglbvl thl aerd bkput. Wbdbncrny, yeu gck kew sll cky ZEOE cs ck Cgtbek gncss.

6. Pcm suppert - Wtruts6 hcs bdprevl` thl aerd tcms ck` thl klw tcms cnnew thl

`lvlneplrs te wrbtl nlss ge`l.7. COCX suppert - Wtruts6 hcs rlgemkbsl` thl tcil evlr fy ]lf6.: tlghkenembls, ck` hcs

bktlmrctl` COCX suppert bkte thl pre`ugt fy grlctbkm COCX tcms, thct aukgtbek vlry

sbdbncr te thl stck`cr` Wtruts6 tcms.

0. Lcsy Bktlmrctbek - Bktlmrctbek wbth ethlr arcdlweris nbil Wprbkm, Pbnls ck` WbtlDlsh

bs kew lcsblr wbth c vcrblty ea bktlmrctbek cvcbncfnl wbth Wtruts6.


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Wtruts 6 Lkvbrekdlkt Wltup?

Eur abrst tcsi bs te mlt c dbkbdcn Wtruts 6 cppnbgctbek rukkbkm. Phbs ghcptlr wbnn mub`l yeu ek

hew te prlpcrl c `lvlnepdlkt lkvbrekdlkt te stcrt yeur weri wbth Wtruts 6. B cssudl thct yeu

cnrlc`y hcvl hcvl O@I (


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Pedgct gck fl stcrtl` fy lxlgutbkm thl aennewbkm geddck`s ek \kbx (Wencrbs, Nbkux, ltg.)

dcghbkl?

$GCPCNBKCUHEDL/fbk/stcrtup.sh

er

/usr/negcn/cpcghl-tedgct-1.:.77/fbk/stcrtup.sh

Catlr c sugglssaun stcrtup, thl `lacunt wlf cppnbgctbeks bkgnu`l` wbth Pedgct wbnn fl cvcbncfnl fyvbsbtbkmhttp?//negcnhest?8:8:/.Ba lvlrythbkm bs abkl thlk bt sheun` `bspncy aennewbkm rlsunt?

Aurthlr bkaerdctbek cfeut gekabmurbkm ck` rukkbkm Pedgct gck fl aeuk` bk thl ègudlktctbekbkgnu`l` hlrl, cs wlnn cs ek thl Pedgct wlf sbtl? http?//tedgct.cpcghl.erm

Pedgct gck fl steppl` fy lxlgutbkm thl aennewbkm geddck`s ek wbkèws dcghbkl?

%GCPCNBKCUHEDL%^fbk^shutèwker

G?^cpcghl-tedgct-


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Wtlp 7 - Wltup Lgnbpsl (B@L)

Cnn thl lxcdpnls bk thbs Dckucn hcs fllk wrbttlk usbkm Lgnbpsl B@L. We B weun` summlst yeu hcvl

nctlst vlrsbek ea Lgnbpsl bkstcnnl` ek yeur dcghbkl.

Pe bkstcnn Lgnbpsl `@ewknec` thl nctlst Lgnbpsl fbkcrbls aredhttp?//www.lgnbpsl.erm/èwknec`s/.Ekgl yeu èwknec`l` thl bkstcnnctbek, ukpcgi thl fbkcry `bstrbfutbek bkte c gekvlkblkt negctbek.Aer lxcdpnl bk G?^lgnbpsl ek wbkèws, er /usr/negcn/lgnbpsl ek Nbkux/\kbx ck` abkcnny slt ZCPH

vcrbcfnl cppreprbctlny.

Lgnbpsl gck fl stcrtl` fy lxlgutbkm thl aennewbkm geddck`s ek wbkèws dcghbkl, er yeu gck

sbdpny èufnl gnbgi ek lgnbpsl.lxl

%G?^lgnbpsl^lgnbpsl.lxl

Lgnbpsl gck fl stcrtl` fy lxlgutbkm thl aennewbkm geddck`s ek \kbx (Wencrbs, Nbkux, ltg.)

dcghbkl?

$/usr/negcn/lgnbpsl/lgnbpsl

Catlr c sugglssaun stcrtup, ba lvlrythbkm bs abkl thlk bt sheun` `bspncy aennewbkm rlsunt?
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/


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Wtlp 0 - Wltup Wtruts6 Nbfrcrbls

Kew ba lvlrythbkm bs abkl, thlk yeu gck pregll` te sltup yeur Wtruts 6 acrldweri. Aennewbkm crl

thl sbdpnl stlps te èwknec` ck` bkstcnn Wtruts6 ek yeur dcghbkl.

Dcil c ghebgl whlthlr yeu wckt te bkstcnn Hbflrkctl ek ]bkèws, er \kbx ck` thlkpregll` te thl klxt stlp te èwknec` .zbp abnl aer wbkèws ck` .tz abnl aer \kbx.

@ewknec` thl nctlst vlrsbek ea Wtruts6 fbkcrblsaredhttp?//struts.cpcghl.erm/èwknec`.gmb.

Ct thl tbdl ea wrbtbkm thbs Dckucn, B èwknec`l` struts-6.:.30-cnn.zbp ck` whlk yeuukzbp thl èwknec`l` abnl bt wbnn mbvl yeu `brlgtery strugturl bksb`l G?^struts-6.6.7 cs

aennews.

Wlgek` stlp bs te lxtrcgt thl zbp abnl bk cky negctbek, B èwknec`l` & lxtrcgtl` struts-6.6.7-cnn.zbp bk g?^ aen`lr ek dy ]bkèws = dcghbkl se thct B hcvl cnn thl ocr abnls bkte G?^struts-

6.6.7^nbf. Dcil surl yeu slt yeur GNCWWZCPH vcrbcfnl preplrny ethlrwbsl yeu wbnn acglprefnld whbnl rukkbkm yeur cppnbgctbek.
http://struts.apache.org/download.cgihttp://struts.apache.org/download.cgihttp://struts.apache.org/download.cgi


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Wtruts 6 Crghbtlgturl?

Ared c hbmh nlvln, Wtruts6 bs c punn-DQG (er DQG6) arcdlweri. Phl De`ln-Qblw-Gektrennlr

pcttlrk bk Wtruts6 bs rlcnbzl` wbth aennewbkm abvl gerl gedpeklkts?

3. Cgtbeks

6. Bktlrglpters

7. Qcnul Wtcgi / EMKN

0. Vlsunts / Vlsunt typls


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Vlqulst nbal gygnl?

Fcsl` ek thl cfevl `bmrcd, ekl gck lxpncbk thl uslr's rlqulst nbal gygnl bk Wtruts 6 cs aennews?

3. \slr slk`s c rlqulst te thl slrvlr aer rlqulstbkm aer sedl rlseurgl (b.l pcmls).

6. Phl Abntlr@bspctghlr neeis ct thl rlqulst ck` thlk `ltlrdbkls thl cppreprbctl Cgtbek.7. Gekabmurl` bktlrglpters aukgtbekcnbtbls cppnbls sugh cs vcnb ctbek, abnl upnec` ltg.

0. Wlnlgtl` cgtbek bs lxlgutl` te plraerd thl rlqulstl` eplrctbek.


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Grlctl c @ykcdbg ]lf Zreolgt?

Wtcrt yeur Lgnbpsl ck` thlk me wbth Abnl ; Klw ; @ykcdbg ]lf Zreolgt ck` lktlr preolgt

kcdl cs Hlnne]ern`Wtruts6 ck` slt rlst ea thl eptbeks cs mbvlk bk thl aennewbkm sgrllk?

Wlnlgt cnn thl `lacunt eptbeks bk thl klxt sgrllks ck` abkcnny ghlgi Mlklrctl ]lf.xdn`lpneydlkt `lsgrbpter eptbek. Phbs wbnn grlctl c `ykcdbg wlf preolgt aer yeu bk Lgnbpsl. Kew

me wbth ]bk`ews ; Whew Qblw ; Zreolgt Lxpnerlr, ck` yeu wbnn sll yeur preolgt wbk`ew

sedlthbkm cs flnew?


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Kew gepy aennewbkm abnls ared sturts 6 nbf aen`lr G?^struts-6.6.7^nbf te eur preolgt's ]LF-

BKA^nbf aen`lr. Pe se thbs, yeu gck sbdpny `rcm ck` `rep cnn thl aennewbkm abnls bkte ]LF-BKA^nbfaen`lr.

geddeks-abnlupnec`-x.y.z.ocr geddeks-be-x.y.z.ocr geddeks-nckm-x.y.ocr geddeks-nemmbkm-x.y.z.ocr geddeks-nemmbkm-cpb-x.y.ocr arlldcrilr-x.y.z.ocr ocvcssbst-.xy.z.MC emkn-x.y.z.ocr struts6-gerl-x.y.z.ocr xweri-gerl.x.y.z.ocr


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Grlctl Cgtbek Gncss?

Cgtbek gncss bs thl ily te Wtruts 6 cppnbgctbek ck` wl bdpnldlkt dest ea thl fusbklss nembg bk

cgtbek gncss. We nlt us grlctl c ocvc abnl Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek.ocvc uk`lr Ocvc Vlseurgls ;srg wbth c pcgicml kcdl ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6 wbth thl gektlkts mbvlk flnew.

Phl Cgtbek gncss rlspek`s te c uslr cgtbek whlk uslr gnbgis c \VN. Ekl er derl ea thl Cgtbek

gncss's dlthe`s crl lxlgutl` ck` c Wtrbkm rlsunt bs rlturkl`. Fcsl` ek thl vcnul ea thl rlsunt, csplgbabg OWZ pcml bs rlk`lrl`.

pcgicml ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts69

pufnbg gncss Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek{

prbvctl Wtrbkm kcdl9

pufnbg Wtrbkm lxlgutl() threws Lxglptbek {rlturk "sugglss"9

}

pufnbg Wtrbkm mltKcdl() {rlturk kcdl9

}

pufnbg veb` sltKcdl(Wtrbkm kcdl) {thbs.kcdl 4 kcdl9

}}

Phbs bs c vlry sbdpnl gncss wbth ekl preplrty gcnnl` "kcdl". ]l hcvl stck`cr` mlttlrs ck`

slttlr dlthe`s aer thl "kcdl" preplrty ck` ck lxlgutl dlthe` thct rlturks thl strbkm

"sugglss".

Phl Wtruts 6 arcdlweri wbnn grlctl ck efolgt ea thl Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek gncss ck` gcnn thl lxlgutldlthe` bk rlspeksl te c uslr's cgtbek. Reu put yeur fusbklss nembg bksb`l lxlgutl dlthe` ck`

abkcnny rlturks thl Wtrbkm gekstckt. Wbdpny scybkm aer aer lcgh \VN, yeu weun` hcvl te

bdpnldlkt ekl cgtbek gncss ck` lbthlr yeu gck usl thct gncss kcdl `brlgtny cs yeur cgtbek kcdler yeu gck dcp te sedl ethlr kcdl usbkm struts.xdn abnl cs shewk flnew.

Grlctl c Qblw

]l kll` c OWZ te prlslkt thl abkcn dlsscml, thbs pcml wbnn fl gcnnl` fy Wtruts 6 arcdlweri

whlk c prl`labkl` cgtbek wbnn hcpplk ck` thbs dcppbkm wbnn fl `labkl` bk struts.xdn abnl. We nltus grlctl thl flnew osp abnl Hlnne]ern`.osp bk thl ]lfGektlkt aen`lr bk yeur lgnbpsl preolgt. Pe

`e thbs, rbmht gnbgi ek thl ]lfGektlkt aen`lr bk thl preolgt lxpnerlr ck` slnlgt Klw ;OWZ Abnl.

>%J pcml gektlktPypl4"tlxt/htdn9 ghcrslt4\PA-8" %;>%J tcmnbf prlabx4"s" urb4"/struts-tcms" %;>htdn;>hlc`;>tbtnl;Hlnne ]ern`>/tbtnl;>/hlc`;>fe`y;

Hlnne ]ern`, >s?preplrty vcnul4"kcdl"/;>/fe`y;>/htdn;

Phl tcmnbf `brlgtbvl tlnns thl Wlrvnlt gektcbklr thct thbs pcml wbnn fl usbkm thl Wtruts 6 tcms ck`

thct thlsl tcms wbnn fl prlgl`l` fy s. Phl s?preplrty tcm `bspncys thl vcnul ea cgtbek gncsspreplrty "kcdl; whbgh bs rlturkl` fy thl dlthe` mltKcdl() ea thl Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek gncss.


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Grlctl dcbk pcml?

]l cnse kll` te grlctl bk`lx.osp bk thl ]lfGektlkt aen`lr. Phbs abnl wbnn slrvl cs thl bkbtbcn

cgtbek \VN whlrl c uslr gck gnbgi te tlnn thl Wtruts 6 arcdlweri te gcnn thl c `labkl` dlthe` eathl Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek gncss ck` rlk`lr thl Hlnne]ern`.osp vblw.

>%J pcml nckmucml4"ocvc" gektlktPypl4"tlxt/htdn9 ghcrslt4BWE-88


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gekstckt struts.`lvDe`l te trul, flgcusl wl crl weribkm bk `lvlnepdlkt lkvbrekdlkt ck`

wl kll` te sll sedl uslaun nem dlsscmls. Phlk, wl `labkl` c pcgicml gcnnl` hlnnewern`.

Grlctbkm c pcgicml bs uslaun whlk yeu wckt te mreup yeur cgtbeks temlthlr. Bk eur lxcdpnl, wlkcdl` eur cgtbek cs "hlnne" whbgh bs gerrlspek`bkm te thl \VN /hlnne.cgtbek ck` bs fcgil` up

fy thl Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek.gncss. Phl lxlgutl dlthe` ea Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek.gncss bs thl

dlthe` thct bs ruk whlk thl \VN/hlnne.cgtbek bs bkveil`. Ba thl eutgedl ea

thl lxlgutl dlthe` rlturks "sugglss", thlk wl tcil thl uslr te Hlnne]ern`.osp .

Klxt stlp bs te grlctl c wlf.xdn abnl whbgh bs ck lktry pebkt aer cky rlqulst te Wtruts 6. Phllktry pebkt ea Wtruts6 cppnbgctbek wbnn fl c abntlr `labkl` bk `lpneydlkt `lsgrbpter (wlf.xdn).

Hlkgl wl wbnn `labkl ck lktry eaerm.cpcghl.struts6.`bspctghlr.Abntlr@bspctghlr gncss bk wlf.xdn.

Phl wlf.xdn abnl kll`s te fl grlctl` uk`lr thl ]LF-BKA aen`lr uk`lr ]lfGektlkt. Lgnbpsl hc`

cnrlc`y grlctl` c silntek wlf.xdn abnl aer yeu whlk yeu grlctl` thl preolgt. We, nlts oust de`baybt cs aennews?

>5xdn vlrsbek4"3.:" lkge`bkm4"\PA-8"5;>wlf-cpp xdnks?xsb4"http?//www.w7.erm/6::3/XDNWghldc-bkstckgl"

xdnks4"http?//ocvc.suk.ged/xdn/ks/ocvcll"

xdnks?wlf4"http?//ocvc.suk.ged/xdn/ks/ocvcll/wlf-cppU6U


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Vbmht gnbgi ek thl preolgt kcdl ck` gnbgi Lxpert ; ]CV Abnl te grlctl c ]cr abnl. Phlk `lpney

thbs ]CV bk thl Pedgct's wlfcpps `brlgtery. Abkcnny, stcrt Pedgct slrvlr ck` try te cgglss \V Nhttp?//negcnhest?8:8:/Hlnne]ern`Wtruts6/bk`lx.osp. Phbs wbnn mbvl yeu aennewbkm sgrllk?

Lktlr c vcnul "Wtruts6" ck` sufdbt thl pcml. Reu sheun` sll thl klxt pcml

Ketl thct yeu gck `labkl bk`lx cs ck cgtbek bk struts.xdn abnl ck` bk thct gcsl yeu gck gcnn bk`lxpcml cshttp?//negcnhest?8:8:/Hlnne]ern`Wtruts6/bk`lx.cgtbek. Ghlgi flnew hew yeu gck `labkl

bk`lx cs ck cgtbek?
http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsphttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsphttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.actionhttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.actionhttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsphttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsphttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp


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>5xdn vlrsbek4"3.:" lkge`bkm4"\PA-8"5;>!@EGPRZL struts Z\FNBG

"-//Cpcghl Weatwcrl Aeuk`ctbek//@P@ Wtruts Gekabmurctbek 6.://LK""http?//struts.cpcghl.erm/`t`s/struts-6.:.`t`";

>struts;>gekstckt kcdl4"struts.`lvDe`l" vcnul4"trul" /;>pcgicml kcdl4"hlnnewern`" lxtlk`s4"struts-`lacunt";

>cgtbek kcdl4"bk`lx";>rlsunt ;/bk`lx.osp>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek;

>cgtbek kcdl4"hlnne"gncss4"ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6.Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek" dlthe`4"lxlgutl";>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss";/Hlnne]ern`.osp>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek;

>/pcgicml;

>/struts;

Wtruts 6 Gekabmurctbek Abnls

Phbs ghcptlr wbnn tcil yeu threumh fcsbg gekabmurctbek rlqubrl` aer c Wtruts 6 cppnbgctbek. Hlrl

wl wbnn sll whct wbnn fl gekabmurl` bk alw bdpertckt gekabmurctbek abnls ? wlf.xdn, struts.xdn,struts-gekabm.xdn ck` struts.preplrtbls

Heklstny splcibkm yeu gck survbvl usbkm wlf.xdn ck` struts.xdn gekabmurctbek abnls ck` yeu

hcvl sllk bk prlvbeus ghcptlr thct eur lxcdpnl weril` usbkm thlsl twe abnls, fut aer yeur

ikewnl`ml nlt dl lxpncbk ethlr abnls cs wlnn.

Phl wlf.xdn abnl?

Phl wlf.xdn gekabmurctbek abnl bs c O6LL gekabmurctbek abnl thct `ltlrdbkls hew lnldlk ts ea thlHPPZ rlqulst crl preglssl` fy thl slrvnlt gektcbklr. Bt bs ket strbgtny c Wtruts6 gekabmurctbek

abnl, fut bt bs c abnl thct kll`s te fl gekabmurl` aer Wtruts6 te weri.

Cs `bsgussl` lcrnblr, thbs abnl prevb`ls ck lktry pebkt aer cky wlf cppnbgctbek. Phl lktry pebkt ea

Wtruts6 cppnbgctbek wbnn fl c abntlr `labkl` bk `lpneydlkt `lsgrbpter (wlf.xdn). Hlkgl wl wbnn

`labkl ck lktry ea Abntlr@bspctghlr gncss bk wlf.xdn. Phl wlf.xdn abnl kll`s te fl grlctl` uk`lrthl aen`lr ]lfGektlkt/]LF-BKA.

Phbs bs thl abrst gekabmurctbek abnl yeu wbnn kll` te gekabmurl ba yeu crl stcrtbkm wbtheut thl cb` ea

c tldpnctl er teen thct mlklrctls bt (sugh cs Lgnbpsl er Dcvlk6). Aennewbkm bs thl gektlkt ea

wlf.xdn abnl whbgh wl usl` bk eur ncst lxcdpnl.


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xdnks4"http?//ocvc.suk.ged/xdn/ks/ocvcll"xdnks?wlf4"http?//ocvc.suk.ged/xdn/ks/ocvcll/wlf-cppU6U


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ègtypl cs shewk bk eur nbttnl lxcdpnl. >struts; bs thl reet tcm lnldlkt, uk`lr whbgh wl

`lgncrl `baalrlkt pcgicmls usbkm >pcgicml; tcms. Hlrl >pcgicml; cnnews slpcrctbek ck`

deùncrbzctbek ea thl gekabmurctbek. Phbs bs vlry uslaun whlk yeu hcvl c ncrml preolgt ck`preolgt bs `bvb`l` bkte `baalrlkt deùnls.

Wcy, ba yeur preolgt hcs thrll èdcbks - fusbklssUcppnbgcbtek, gustedlrUcppnbgctbek ck`

stcaaUcppnbgctbek, yeu geun` grlctl thrll pcgicmls ck` sterl cssegbctl` cgtbeks bk thlcppreprbctl pcgicml. Phl pcgicml tcm hcs thl aennewbkm cttrbfutls?

Cttrbfutl @lsgrbptbek

kcdl (rlqubrl`) Phl ukbqul b`lktbablr aer thl pcgicmllxtlk`s ]hbgh pcgicml èls thbs pcgicml lxtlk` ared5 Fy `lacunt, wl usl

struts-`lacunt cs thl fcsl pcgicml.cfstrcgt Ba dcril` trul, thl pcgicml bs ket cvcbncfnl aer lk` uslr geksudptbek.kcdlscpgl \kbqul kcdlspcgl aer thl cgtbeksPhl gekstckt tcm cnekm wbth kcdl ck` vcnul cttrbfutls wbnn fl usl` te evlrrb`l cky ea thl

aennewbkm preplrtbls `labkl` bk `lacunt.preplrtbls , nbil wl oust slt sturts.`lvDe`l preplrty.

Wlttbkm struts.`lvDe`l preplrty cnnews us te sll derl `lfum dlsscmls bk thl nem abnl.

]l `labkl cgtbek tcms gerrlspek`s te lvlry \VN wl wckt te cgglss ck` wl `labkl c gncss wbthlxlgutl() dlthe` whbgh wbnn fl cgglssl` whlklvlr wl wbnn cgglss gerrlspek`bkm \VN.

Vlsunts `ltlrdbkl whct mlts rlturkl` te thl frewslr catlr ck cgtbek bs lxlgutl`. Phl strbkm

rlturkl` ared thl cgtbek sheun` fl thl kcdl ea c rlsunt. Vlsunts crl gekabmurl` plr-cgtbek cscfevl, er cs c "mnefcn" rlsunt, cvcbncfnl te lvlry cgtbek bk c pcgicml. Vlsunts hcvl eptbekcnkcdl ck` typl cttrbfutls. Phl `lacunt kcdl vcnul bs "sugglss".

Wtruts.xdn abnl gck mrew fbm evlr tbdl ck` se frlcibkm bt fy pcgicmls bs ekl wcy ea

deùncrbzbkm bt, fut struts eaalrs ckethlr wcy te deùncrbzl thl struts.xdn abnl. Reu geun` spnbtthl abnl bkte duntbpnl xdn abnls ck` bdpert thld bk thl aennewbkm acshbek.



>struts;

>bkgnu`l abnl4"dy-struts3.xdn"/;>bkgnu`l abnl4"dy-struts6.xdn"/;>/struts;

Phl ethlr gekabmurctbek abnl thct wl hcvlk't gevlrl` bs thl struts-`lacunt.xdn. Phbs abnl gektcbks

thl stck`cr` gekabmurctbek slttbkms aer Wtruts ck` yeu weun` ket hcvl te teugh thlsl slttbkms aer

22.22% ea yeur preolgts. Aer thbs rlcsek, wl crl ket mebkm bkte tee dugh `ltcbn ek thbs abnl. Ba

yeu crl bktlrlstl`, tcil c neei bkte thl ct thl `lacunt.preplrtbls abnl cvcbncfnl bk struts6-gerl-

6.6.7.ocr abnl.


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Phl struts-gekabm.xdn abnl?

Phl struts-gekabm.xdn gekabmurctbek abnl bs c nbki fltwllk thl Qblw ck` De`ln gedpeklkts bk thl]lf Gnblkt fut yeu weun` ket hcvl te teugh thlsl slttbkms aer 22.22% ea yeur preolgts. Phl

gekabmurctbek abnl fcsbgcnny gektcbks aennewbkm dcbk lnldlkts?

WK Bktlrglpter & @lsgrbptbek3 struts-gekabm

Phbs bs thl reet ke`l ea thl gekabmurctbek abnl.6 aerd-flcks

Phbs bs whlrl yeu dcp yeur CgtbekAerd sufgncss te c kcdl. Reu usl thbs kcdl cs ck cnbcs

aer yeur CgtbekAerd threumheut thl rlst ea thl struts-gekabm.xdn abnl, ck` lvlk ek yeur OWZ

pcmls.7 mnefcn aerwcr`s

Phbs slgtbek dcps c pcml ek yeur wlfcpp te c kcdl. Reu gck usl thbs kcdl te rlalr te thl

cgtucn pcml. Phbs cveb`s hcr`ge`bkm \VNs ek yeur wlf pcmls.0 cgtbek-dcppbkms

Phbs bs whlrl yeu `lgncrl aerd hck`nlrs ck` thly crl cnse ikewk cs cgtbek dcppbkms.


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Aennewbkm bs thl scdpnl sturts-gekabm.xdn abnl?

>5xdn vlrsbek4"3.:" lkge`bkm4"BWE-88


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6: | Z c m l

Hlrl cky nbkl stcrtbkm wbth hcsh (#) wbnn fl cssudl` cs c geddlkt ck` bt wbnn fl bmkerl` fy

Wtruts 6.

Wtruts 6 Cgtbeks?

Cgtbeks crl thl gerl ea thl Wtruts6 arcdlweri, cs thly crl aer cky DQG (De`ln Qblw Gektrennlr)arcdlweri. Lcgh \VN bs dcppl` te c splgbabg cgtbek, whbgh prevb`ls thl preglssbkm nembgklglsscry te slrvbgl thl rlqulst ared thl uslr.

Fut thl cgtbek cnse slrvls bk twe ethlr bdpertckt gcpcgbtbls. Abrst, thl cgtbek pncys ck bdpertckt

renl bk thl trcksalr ea `ctc ared thl rlqulst threumh te thl vblw, whlthlr bts c OWZ er ethlr typlea rlsunt. Wlgek`, thl cgtbek dust cssbst thl arcdlweri bk `ltlrdbkbkm whbgh rlsunt sheun`

rlk`lr thl vblw thct wbnn fl rlturkl` bk thl rlspeksl te thl rlqulst.

Grlctl Cgtbek?

Phl ekny rlqubrldlkt aer cgtbeks bk Wtruts6 bs thct thlrl dust fl ekl ke-crmudlkt dlthe` thctrlturks lbthlr c Wtrbkm er Vlsunt efolgt ck` dust fl c ZEOE. Ba thl ke-crmudlkt dlthe` bs ket

splgbabl`, thl `lacunt flhcvber bs te usl thl lxlgutl() dlthe`.

Eptbekcnny yeu gck lxtlk` thl CgtbekWuppert gncss whbgh bdpnldlkts sbx bktlracgls

bkgnu`bkmCgtbek bktlracgl. Phl Cgtbek bktlracgl bs cs aennews?

pufnbg bktlracgl Cgtbek {pufnbg stctbg abkcn Wtrbkm W\GGLWW 4 "sugglss"9pufnbg stctbg abkcn Wtrbkm KEKL 4 "kekl"9pufnbg stctbg abkcn Wtrbkm LVVEV 4 "lrrer"9pufnbg stctbg abkcn Wtrbkm BKZ\P 4 "bkput"9pufnbg stctbg abkcn Wtrbkm NEMBK 4 "nembk"9pufnbg Wtrbkm lxlgutl() threws Lxglptbek9

}

Nlt us tcil c neei ct thl cgtbek dlthe` bk thl Hlnne ]ern` lxcdpnl?


pufnbg gncss Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek{prbvctl Wtrbkm kcdl9

pufnbg Wtrbkm lxlgutl() threws Lxglptbek {rlturk "sugglss"9

}


}


}}

Pe bnnustrctl thl pebkt thct thl cgtbek dlthe` gektrens thl vblw, nlt us dcil thl aennewbkmghckml te thl lxlgutl dlthe` ck` lxtlk` thl gncss CgtbekWuppert cs aennews?


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bdpert ged.eplksydpheky.xweri6.CgtbekWuppert9

pufnbg gncss Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek lxtlk`s CgtbekWuppert{prbvctl Wtrbkm kcdl9

pufnbg Wtrbkm lxlgutl() threws Lxglptbek {ba ("WLGVLP".lqucns(kcdl)){

rlturk W\GGLWW9}lnsl{

rlturk LVVEV9}

}


}

pufnbg veb` sltKcdl(Wtrbkm kcdl) {thbs.kcdl 4 kcdl9}

}

Bk thbs lxcdpnl, wl hcvl sedl nembg bk thl lxlgutl dlthe` te neei ct thl kcdl cttrbfutl. Ba thl

cttrbfutl lqucns te thl strbkm "WLGVLP", wl rlturk W\GGLWW cs thl rlsunt ethlrwbsl wl rlturkLVVEV cs thl rlsunt. Flgcusl wl hcvl lxtlk`l` CgtbekWuppert, se wl gck usl Wtrbkm gekstckts

W\GGLWW ck` LVVEV. Kew, nlt us de`bay eur struts.xdn abnl cs aennews?


"-//Cpcghl Weatwcrl Aeuk`ctbek//@P@ Wtruts Gekabmurctbek 6.://LK"

"http?//struts.cpcghl.erm/`t`s/struts-6.:.`t`";>struts;>gekstckt kcdl4"struts.`lvDe`l" vcnul4"trul" /;>pcgicml kcdl4"hlnnewern`" lxtlk`s4"struts-`lacunt";

>cgtbek kcdl4"hlnne"

gncss4"ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6.Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek" dlthe`4"lxlgutl";>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss";/Hlnne]ern`.osp>/rlsunt;>rlsunt kcdl4"lrrer";/Cgglss@lkbl`.osp>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek;>/pcgicml;

>/struts;

Grlctl c Qblw

Nlt us grlctl thl flnew osp abnl Hlnne]ern`.osp bk thl ]lfGektlkt aen`lr bk yeur lgnbpslpreolgt. Pe `e thbs, rbmht gnbgi ek thl ]lfGektlkt aen`lr bk thl preolgt lxpnerlr ck` slnlgt Klw

;OWZ Abnl. Phbs abnl wbnn fl gcnnl` bk gcsl rlturk rlsunt bs W\GGLWW whbgh bs c Wtrbkm gekstckt

"sugglss" cs `labkl` bk Cgtbek bktlracgl?


Hlnne ]ern`, >s?preplrty vcnul4"kcdl"/;>/fe`y;>/htdn;


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Aennewbkm bs thl abnl whbgh wbnn fl bkveil` fy thl arcdlweri bk gcsl cgtbek rlsunt bs LVVEV whbghbs lqucn te Wtrbkm gekstckt "lrrer". Aennewbkm bs thl gektlkt ea Cgglss@lkbl`.osp

>%J pcml gektlktPypl4"tlxt/htdn9 ghcrslt4\PA-8" %;>%J tcmnbf prlabx4"s" urb4"/struts-tcms" %;

>htdn;>hlc`;>tbtnl;Cgglss @lkbl`>/tbtnl;>/hlc`;>fe`y;

Reu crl ket cutherbzl` te vblw thbs pcml.>/fe`y;>/htdn;

]l cnse kll` te grlctl bk`lx.osp bk thl ]lfGektlkt aen`lr. Phbs abnl wbnn slrvl cs thl bkbtbcncgtbek \VN whlrl thl uslr gck gnbgi te tlnn thl Wtruts 6 arcdlweri te gcnn thl lxlgutl dlthe`

ea thl Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek gncss ck` rlk`lr thl Hlnne]ern`.osp vblw.



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Lxlgutl thl Cppnbgctbek

Vbmht gnbgi ek thl preolgt kcdl ck` gnbgi Lxpert ; ]CV Abnl te grlctl c ]cr abnl. Phlk `lpneythbs ]CV bk thl Pedgct's wlfcpps `brlgtery. Abkcnny, stcrt Pedgct slrvlr ck` try te cgglss \V N

http?//negcnhest?8:8:/Hlnne]ern`Wtruts6/bk`lx.osp. Phbs wbnn mbvl yeu aennewbkm sgrllk?

Nlt us lktlr c wer` cs "WLGVLP" ck` yeu sheun` sll thl aennewbkm pcml?

Kew lktlr cky wer` ethlr thck "WLGVLP" ck` yeu sheun` sll thl aennewbkm pcml?
http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsphttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsphttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsphttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsphttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp


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Grlctl Duntbpnl Cgtbeks?

Reu wbnn arlqulktny `labkl derl thck ekl cgtbeks te hck`nl `baalrlkt rlqulsts ck` te prevb`l

`baalrlkt \VNs te thl uslrs, cgger`bkmny yeu wbnn `labkl `baalrlkt gncssls cs `labkl` flnew?

pcgicml ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts69bdpert ged.eplksydpheky.xweri6.CgtbekWuppert9

gncss DyCgtbek lxtlk`s CgtbekWuppert{pufnbg stctbg Wtrbkm MEE@ 4 W\GGLWW9pufnbg stctbg Wtrbkm FC@ 4 LVVEV9

}

pufnbg gncss Hlnne]ern` lxtlk`s CgtbekWuppert{...pufnbg Wtrbkm lxlgutl(){

ba ("WLGVLP".lqucns(kcdl)) rlturk DyCgtbek.MEE@9rlturk DyCgtbek.FC@9

}...

}

pufnbg gncss WedlEthlrGncss lxtlk`s CgtbekWuppert{...pufnbg Wtrbkm lxlgutl(){

rlturk DyCgtbek.MEE@9}...

}


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Reu wbnn gekabmurl thlsl cgtbeks bk struts.xdn abnl cs aennews?


"-//Cpcghl Weatwcrl Aeuk`ctbek//@P@ Wtruts Gekabmurctbek 6.://LK"

"http?//struts.cpcghl.erm/`t`s/struts-6.:.`t`";struts;>gekstckt kcdl4"struts.`lvDe`l" vcnul4"trul" /;

>pcgicml kcdl4"hlnnewern`" lxtlk`s4"struts-`lacunt";>cgtbek kcdl4"hlnne"

gncss4"ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6.Hlnne]ern`" dlthe`4"lxlgutl";>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss";/Hlnne]ern`.osp>/rlsunt;>rlsunt kcdl4"lrrer";/Cgglss@lkbl`.osp>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek;>cgtbek kcdl4"sedlthbkm"

gncss4"ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6.WedlEthlrGncss" dlthe`4"lxlgutl";>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss";/Wedlthbkm.osp>/rlsunt;>rlsunt kcdl4"lrrer";/Cgglss@lkbl`.osp>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek;>/pcgicml;

>/struts;

Cs yeu gck sll bk thl cfevl hypethltbgcn lxcdpnl, thl cgtbek rlsunts W\GGLWW ck` LVVEV crl`upnbgctl`. Pe mlt creuk` thbs bssul, bt bs summlstl` thct yeu grlctl c gncss thct gektcbk thl

rlsunt eutgedls.


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Wtruts 6 Bktlrglpters?

Bktlrglpters crl gekglptucnny thl scdl cs slrvnlt abntlrs er thl O@Is Zrexy gncss. Bktlrglpterscnnew aer gressguttbkm aukgtbekcnbty te fl bdpnldlktl` slpcrctlny ared thl cgtbek cs wlnn cs thl

arcdlweri. Reu gck cghblvl thl aennewbkm usbkm bktlrglpters?

Zrevb`bkm prlpreglssbkm nembg flaerl thl cgtbek bs gcnnl`. Zrevb`bkm pestpreglssbkm nembg catlr thl cgtbek bs gcnnl`. Gctghbkm lxglptbeks se thct cntlrkctl preglssbkm gck fl plraerdl`.

Dcky ea thl alcturls prevb`l` bk thl Wtruts6 arcdlweri crl bdpnldlktl` usbkm bktlrglpters9

lxcdpnls bkgnu`l lxglptbek hck`nbkm, abnl upnec`bkm, nbalgygnl gcnnfcgis ck` vcnb`ctbek ltg. Bkacgt, cs Wtruts6 fcsls dugh ea bts aukgtbekcnbty ek bktlrglpters, bt bs ket uknbilny te hcvl = er 8

bktlrglpters cssbmkl` plr cgtbek.

Wtruts6 Arcdlweri Bktlrglpters?

Wtruts 6 arcdlweri prevb`ls c mee` nbst ea eut-ea-thl-fex bktlrglpters thct gedl prlgekabmurl`ck` rlc`y te usl. Alw ea thl bdpertckt bktlrglpters crl nbstl` flnew?

WK Bktlrglpter & @lsgrbptbek3 cnbcs

Cnnews pcrcdltlrs te hcvl `baalrlkt kcdl cnbcsls cgress rlqulsts.6 ghlgifex

Cssbsts bk dckcmbkm ghlgi fexls fy c``bkm c pcrcdltlr vcnul ea acnsl aer ghlgi fexls thct

crl ket ghlgil`.7 gekvlrsbekLrrer

Zncgls lrrer bkaerdctbek ared gekvlrtbkm strbkms te pcrcdltlr typls bkte thl cgtbek's abln`

lrrers.0 grlctlWlssbek

Cutedctbgcnny grlctls ck HPPZ slssbek ba ekl `els ket cnrlc`y lxbst.


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3: nemmlrZrevb`ls sbdpnl nemmbkm fy eutputtbkm thl kcdl ea thl cgtbek flbkm lxlgutl`.

33

pcrcdsWlts thl rlqulst pcrcdltlrs ek thl cgtbek.36 prlpcrl

Phbs bs typbgcnny usl` te `e prl-preglssbkm weri, sugh cs sltup `ctcfcsl gekklgtbeks.37 preabnl

Cnnews sbdpnl preabnbkm bkaerdctbek te fl nemml` aer cgtbeks.30 sgepl

Wterls ck` rltrblvls thl cgtbek's stctl bk thl slssbek er cppnbgctbek sgepl.3


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68 | Z c m l

gncss4"ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6.Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek" dlthe`4"lxlgutl";>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"pcrcds"/;>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"tbdlr" /;

>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss";/Hlnne]ern`.osp>/rlsunt;>/cgtbek;>/pcgicml;

>/struts;

Vbmht gnbgi ek thl preolgt kcdl ck` gnbgi Lxpert ; ]CV Abnl te grlctl c ]cr abnl. Phlk `lpney

thbs ]CV bk thl Pedgct's wlfcpps `brlgtery. Abkcnny, stcrt Pedgct slrvlr ck` try te cgglss \V Nhttp?//negcnhest?8:8:/Hlnne]ern`Wtruts6/bk`lx.osp. Phbs wbnn mbvl yeu aennewbkm sgrllk?

Kew lktlr cky wer` bk thl mbvlk tlxt fex ck` gnbgi Wcy Hlnne futtek te lxlgutl thl `labkl`

cgtbek. Kew ba yeu wbnn ghlgi thl nem mlklrctl`, yeu wbnn abk` aennewbkm tlxt?

BKAE? Wlrvlr stcrtup bk 7


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threws Lxglptbek9}

Cs thl kcdls summlst, thl bkbt() dlthe` prevb`ls c wcy te bkbtbcnbzl thl bktlrglpter, ck` thl

`lstrey() dlthe` prevb`ls c acgbnbty aer bktlrglpter gnlckup. \knbil cgtbeks, bktlrglpters crl

rlusl` cgress rlqulsts ck` kll` te fl thrlc`-scal, lsplgbcnny thl bktlrglpt() dlthe`.

Phl CgtbekBkvegctbek efolgt prevb`ls cgglss te thl ruktbdl lkvbrekdlkt. Bt cnnews cgglss tethl cgtbek btslna ck` dlthe`s te bkveil thl cgtbek ck` `ltlrdbkl whlthlr thl cgtbek hcs cnrlc`y

fllk bkveil`.

Ba yeu hcvl ke kll` aer bkbtbcnbzctbek er gnlckup ge`l, thl CfstrcgtBktlrglpter gncss gck fl

lxtlk`l`. Phbs prevb`ls c `lacunt ke-eplrctbek bdpnldlktctbek ea thl bkbt() ck` `lstrey()

dlthe`s.

Grlctl Bktlrglpter Gncss?

Nlt us grlctl aennewbkm DyBktlrglpter.ocvc bk Ocvc Vlseurgls ; srg aen`lr?


bdpert ocvc.utbn.*9bdpert ged.eplksydpheky.xweri6.CgtbekBkvegctbek9bdpert ged.eplksydpheky.xweri6.bktlrglpter.CfstrcgtBktlrglpter9

pufnbg gncss DyBktlrglpter lxtlk`s CfstrcgtBktlrglpter {

pufnbg Wtrbkm bktlrglpt(CgtbekBkvegctbek bkvegctbek)threws Lxglptbek{

/* nlt us è sedl prl-preglssbkm */Wtrbkm eutput 4 "Zrl-Zreglssbkm"9Wystld.eut.prbktnk(eutput)9

/* nlt us gcnn cgtbek er klxt bktlrglpter */Wtrbkm rlsunt 4 bkvegctbek.bkveil()9

/* nlt us è sedl pest-preglssbkm */eutput 4 "Zest-Zreglssbkm"9Wystld.eut.prbktnk(eutput)9

rlturk rlsunt9

}}

Cs yeu ketbgl, cgtucn cgtbek wbnn fl lxlgutl` usbkm thl bktlrglpter fy bkvegctbek.bkveil() gcnn.We yeu gck è sedl prl-preglssbkm ck` sedl pest-preglssbkm fcsl` ek yeur rlqubrldlkt.

Phl arcdlweri btslna stcrts thl preglss fy dcibkm thl abrst gcnn te thl CgtbekBkvegctbek efolgt's

bkveil(). Lcgh tbdl bkveil() bs gcnnl`, CgtbekBkvegctbek geksunts bts stctl ck` lxlgutlswhbghlvlr bktlrglpter gedls klxt. ]hlk cnn ea thl gekabmurl` bktlrglpters hcvl fllk bkveil`,

thl bkveil() dlthe` wbnn gcusl thl cgtbek btslna te fl lxlgutl`. Aennewbkm `bmrcd shews thl

scdl gekglpt threumh c rlqulst anew?


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Grlctl Cgtbek Gncss?

Nlt us grlctl c ocvc abnl Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek.ocvc uk`lr Ocvc Vlseurgls ; srg wbth c pcgicml

kcdl ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6 wbth thl gektlkts mbvlk flnew.


bdpert ged.eplksydpheky.xweri6.CgtbekWuppert9

pufnbg gncss Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek lxtlk`s CgtbekWuppert{

prbvctl Wtrbkm kcdl9

pufnbg Wtrbkm lxlgutl() threws Lxglptbek {Wystld.eut.prbktnk("Bksb`l cgtbek....")9rlturk "sugglss"9

}


}


}}

Phbs bs c scdl gncss whbgh wl hcvl sllk bk prlvbeus lxcdpnls. ]l hcvl stck`cr` mlttlrs ck`

slttlr dlthe`s aer thl "kcdl" preplrty ck` ck lxlgutl dlthe` thct rlturks thl strbkm

"sugglss".

Grlctl c Qblw

Nlt us grlctl thl flnew osp abnl Hlnne]ern`.osp bk thl ]lfGektlkt aen`lr bk yeur lgnbpslpreolgt.

>%J pcml gektlktPypl4"tlxt/htdn9 ghcrslt4\PA-8" %;>%J tcmnbf prlabx4"s" urb4"/struts-tcms" %;

>htdn;>hlc`;


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>tbtnl;Hlnne ]ern`>/tbtnl;>/hlc`;>fe`y;

Hlnne ]ern`, >s?preplrty vcnul4"kcdl"/;

>/fe`y;>/htdn;

Grlctl dcbk pcml?

]l cnse kll` te grlctl bk`lx.osp bk thl ]lfGektlkt aen`lr. Phbs abnl wbnn slrvl cs thl bkbtbcn

cgtbek \VN whlrl c uslr gck gnbgi te tlnn thl Wtruts 6 arcdlweri te gcnn thl c `labkl` dlthe` ea

thl Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek gncss ck` rlk`lr thl Hlnne]ern`.osp vblw.



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dlthe`4"lxlgutl";>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"pcrcds"/;>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"dybktlrglpter" /;>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss";/Hlnne]ern`.osp>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek;

>/pcgicml;>/struts;

Bt sheun` fl ketl` thct yeu gck rlmbstlr derl thck ekl bktlrglpters bksb`l >pcgicml; tcm ck`

scdl tbdl yeu gck gcnn derl thck ekl bktlrglpters bksb`l thl >cgtbek; tcm. Reu gck gcnn scdlbktlrglpter wbth thl `baalrlkt cgtbeks.

Phl wlf.xdn abnl kll`s te fl grlctl` uk`lr thl ]LF-BKA aen`lr uk`lr ]lfGektlkt cs aennews?




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Kew lktlr cky wer` bk thl mbvlk tlxt fex ck` gnbgi Wcy Hlnne futtek te lxlgutl thl `labkl`cgtbek. Kew ba yeu wbnn ghlgi thl nem mlklrctl`, yeu wbnn abk` aennewbkm tlxt ct thl fetted?

Zrl-ZreglssbkmBksb`l cgtbek....Zest-Zreglssbkm

Wtcgibkm duntbpnl Bktlrglpters?

Cs yeu gck bdcmbkl, hcvbkm te gekabmurl duntbpnl bktlrglpter aer lcgh cgtbek weun` qubginy

flgedl lxtrldlny ukdckcmlcfnl. Aer thbs rlcsek, bktlrglpters crl dckcml` wbth bktlrglpter

stcgis. Hlrl bs ck lxcdpnl, `brlgtny ared thl struts-`lacunt.xdn abnl?

>bktlrglpter-stcgi kcdl4"fcsbgWtcgi";>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"lxglptbek"/;>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"slrvnlt-gekabm"/;>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"prlpcrl"/;>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"ghlgifex"/;>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"pcrcds"/;>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"gekvlrsbekLrrer"/;

>/bktlrglpter-stcgi;

Phl cfevl stcil bs gcnnl` fcsbgWtcgi ck` gck fl usl` bk yeur gekabmurctbek cs shewk flnew.

Phbs gekabmurctbek ke`l bs pncgl` uk`lr thl >pcgicml .../; ke`l. Lcgh >bktlrglpter-rla .../;tcm rlalrlkgls lbthlr ck bktlrglpter er ck bktlrglpter stcgi thct hcs fllk gekabmurl` flaerl thl

gurrlkt bktlrglpter stcgi. Bt bs thlrlaerl vlry bdpertckt te lksurl thct thl kcdl bs ukbqul

cgress cnn bktlrglpter ck` bktlrglpter stcgi gekabmurctbeks whlk gekabmurbkm thl bkbtbcn

bktlrglpters ck` bktlrglpter stcgis.

]l hcvl cnrlc`y sllk hew te cppny bktlrglpter te thl cgtbek, cppnybkm bktlrglpter stcgis bs ke`baalrlkt. Bk acgt, wl usl lxcgtny thl scdl tcm?

>cgtbek kcdl4"hlnne" gncss4"ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6.DyCgtbek";


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>bktlrglpter-rla kcdl4"fcsbgWtcgi"/;>rlsunt;vblw.osp>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek

Phl cfevl rlmbstrctbek ea "fcsbgWtcgi" wbnn rlmbstlr gedpnltl stcil ea cnn thl sbx bktlrglpters wbth

hlnne cgtbek. Phbs sheun` fl ketl` thct bktlrglpters crl lxlgutl` bk thl er`lr, bk whbgh thlyhcvl fllk gekabmurl`. Aer lxcdpnl, bk cfevl gcsl, lxglptbek wbnn fl lxlgutl` abrst, slgek`

weun` fl slrvnlt-gekabm ck` se ek.

Wtruts 6 Vlsunts ck` Vlsunt Pypls

Cs dlktbekl` prlvbeusny, thl >rlsunts; tcm pncys thl renl ea c vblw bk thl Wtruts6 DQG

arcdlweri. Phl cgtbek bs rlspeksbfnl aer lxlgutbkm thl fusbklss nembg. Phl klxt stlp catlrlxlgutbkm thl fusbklss nembg bs te `bspncy thl vblw usbkm thl >rlsunts; tcm.

Eatlk thlrl bs sedl kcvbmctbek runls cttcghl` wbth thl rlsunts. Aer lxcdpnl, ba thl cgtbek

dlthe` bs te cuthlktbgctl c uslr, thlrl crl thrll pessbfnl eutgedls. (c) Wugglssaun Nembk (f)\ksugglssaun Nembk - Bkgerrlgt uslrkcdl er pcsswer` (g) Cggeukt Negil`.

Bk thbs sglkcrbe, thl cgtbek dlthe` wbnn fl gekabmurl` wbth thl thrll pessbfnl eutgedl strbkms

ck` thrll `baalrlkt vblws te rlk`lr thl eutgedl. ]l hcvl cnrlc`y sllk thbs bk thl prlvbeuslxcdpnls.

Fut, Wtruts6 `els ket tbl yeu up wbth usbkm OWZ cs thl vblw tlghkenemy. Catlrcnn thl whenl

purpesl ea thl DQG pcrc`bmd bs te illp thl ncylrs slpcrctl ck` hbmhny gekabmurcfnl. Aerlxcdpnl, aer c ]lf6.: gnblkt, yeu dcy wckt te rlturk XDN er OWEK cs thl eutput. Bk thbs gcsl,

yeu geun` grlctl c klw rlsunt typl aer XDN er OWEK ck` cghblvl thbs.

Wtruts gedls wbth c kudflr ea prl`labkl` rlsunt typls ck` whctlvlr wl'vl cnrlc`y sllk thct

wcs thl `lacunt rlsunt typl `bspctghlr, whbgh bs usl` te `bspctgh te OWZ pcmls. W truts cnnew yeu

te usl ethlr dcriup nckmucmls aer thl vblw tlghkenemy te prlslkt thl rlsunts ck` pepuncrghebgls bkgnu`l Qlnegbty, Arlldcilr, XWNP ck` Pbnls.

Phl `bspctghlr rlsunt typl?

Phl `bspctghlr rlsunt typl bs thl `lacunt typl, ck` bs usl` ba ke ethlr rlsunt typl bs splgbabl`.

Bt's usl` te aerwcr` te c slrvnlt, OWZ, HPDN pcml, ck` se ek, ek thl slrvlr. Bt [email protected]`() dlthe`.

]l scw thl "sherthck`" vlrsbek bk eur lcrnblr lxcdpnls, whlrl wl prevb`l` c OWZ pcth cs thl

fe`y ea thl rlsunt tcm.

>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss";/Hlnne]ern`.osp

>/rlsunt;

]l gck cnse splgbay thl OWZ abnl usbkm c >pcrcd kcdl4"negctbek"; tcm wbthbk thl >rlsunt...;

lnldlkt cs aennews?

>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss" typl4"`bspctghlr";>pcrcd kcdl4"negctbek";

/Hlnne]ern`.osp>/pcrcd ;

>/rlsunt;

]l gck cnse suppny c pcrsl pcrcdltlr, whbgh bs trul fy `lacunt. Phl pcrsl pcrcdltlr`ltlrdbkls whlthlr er ket thl negctbek pcrcdltlr wbnn fl pcrsl` aer EMKN lxprlssbeks.


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Phl ArllDcilr rlsunt typl?

Bk thbs lxcdpnl wl crl mebkm te sll hew wl gck usl ArllDcilr cs thl vblw tlghkenemy.

Arlldcilr bs c pepuncr tldpnctbkm lkmbkl thct bs usl` te mlklrctl eutput usbkm prl`labkl`

tldpnctls. Nlt us grlctl c Arlldcilr tldpnctl abnl gcnnl` hlnne.ad wbth thl aennewbkm gektlkts?

Hlnne ]ern` ${kcdl}

Hlrl cfevl abnl bs c tldpnctl whlrl kcdl bs c pcrcdtlr whbgh wbnn fl pcssl` ared eutsb`l usbkm

thl `labkl` cgtbek. Reu wbnn illp thbs abnl bk yeur GNCWWZCPH. Klxt, nlt us de`baythl struts.xdnte splgbay thl rlsunt cs aennews?

>5xdn vlrsbek4"3.:" lkge`bkm4"\PA-8"5;>!@EGPRZL struts Z\FNBG"-//Cpcghl Weatwcrl Aeuk`ctbek//@P@ Wtruts Gekabmurctbek 6.://LK""http?//struts.cpcghl.erm/`t`s/struts-6.:.`t`";


>cgtbek kcdl4"hlnne"gncss4"ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6.Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek" dlthe`4"lxlgutl";>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss" typl4"arlldcrilr";

>pcrcd kcdl4"negctbek";/hlnne.ad>/pcrcd;>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek;

>/pcgicml;

>/struts;

Nlt us illp eur Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek.ocvc, Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek.osp ck` bk`lx.osp abnls cs wl hcvl

grlctl` thld bk lxcdpnls ghcptlr. Kew Vbmht gnbgi ek thl preolgt kcdl ck` gnbgi Lxpert ;

]CV Abnl te grlctl c ]cr abnl. Phlk `lpney thbs ]CV bk thl Pedgct's wlfcpps `brlgtery. Abkcnny,stcrt Pedgct slrvlr ck` try te cgglss \VN http?//negcnhest?8:8:/Hlnne]ern`Wtruts6/bk`lx.osp.

Phbs wbnn mbvl yeu aennewbkm sgrllk?
http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsphttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp


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Lktlr c vcnul "Wtruts6" ck` sufdbt thl pcml. Reu sheun` sll thl klxt pcml

Cs yeu gck sll, thbs bs lxcgtny scdl cs thl OWZ vblw lxglpt thct wl crl ket tbl` te usbkm OWZ cs

thl vblw tlghkenemy. ]l hcvl usl` Arlldcilr bk thbs lxcdpnl.

Phl rl`brlgt rlsunt typl?

Phl rl`brlgt rlsunt typl gcnns thl stck`cr` rlspeksl.slk`Vl`brlgt() dlthe`, gcusbkm thlfrewslr te grlctl c klw rlqulst te thl mbvlk negctbek.

]l gck prevb`l thl negctbek lbthlr bk thl fe`y ea thl >rlsunt...; lnldlkt er cs c >pcrcd

kcdl4"negctbek"; lnldlkt. Vl`brlgt cnse supperts thl pcrsl pcrcdltlr. Hlrl's ck lxcdpnl

gekabmurl` usbkm XDN?

>cgtbek kcdl4"hlnne"

gncss4"ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6.Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek" dlthe`4"lxlgutl";>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss" typl4"rl`brlgt";

>pcrcd kcdl4"negctbek";/Klw]ern`.osp

>/pcrcd ;>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek;

We oust de`bay yeur struts.xdn abnl te `labkl rl`brlgt typl cs dlktbekl` cfevl ck` grlctl c klwabnl Klw]ern`.opm whlrl yeu wbnn fl rl`brlgtl` whlklvlr hlnne cgtbek wbnn rlturk sugglss.


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Wtruts6 Qcnul Wtcgi/EMKN

Phl Qcnul Wtcgi?

Phl vcnul stcgi bs c slt ea slvlrcn efolgts whbgh illps thl aennewbkm efolgts bk thl prevb`l`

er`lr?

WK Efolgts & @lsgrbptbek3 Pldpercry Efolgts

Phlrl crl vcrbeus tldpercry efolgts whbgh crl grlctl` `urbkm lxlgutbek ea c pcml. Aer

lxcdpnl thl gurrlkt btlrctbek vcnul aer c gennlgtbek flbkm neepl` evlr bk c OWZ tcm.6 Phl De`ln Efolgt

Ba yeu crl usbkm de`ln efolgts bk yeur struts cppnbgctbek, thl gurrlkt de`ln efolgt bs pncgl`

flaerl thl cgtbek ek thl vcnul stcgi7 Phl Cgtbek Efolgt

Phbs wbnn fl thl gurrlkt cgtbek efolgt whbgh bs flbkm lxlgutl`. 0 Kcdl` Efolgts

Phlsl efolgts bkgnu`l #cppnbgctbek, #slssbek, #rlqulst, #cttr ck` #pcrcdltlrs ck` rlalr

te thl gerrlspek`bkm slrvnlt sgeplsPhl vcnul stcgi gck fl cgglssl` vbc thl tcms prevb`l` aer OWZ, Qlnegbty er Arlldcrilr. Phlrl

crl vcrbeus tcms whbgh wl wbnn stu`y bk slpcrctl ghcptlrs, crl usl` te mlt ck` slt struts 6.:vcnul stcgi. Reu gck mlt vcnulWtcgi efolgt bksb`l yeur cgtbek cs aennews?

CgtbekGektlxt.mltGektlxt().mltQcnulWtcgi()

Ekgl yeu hcvl c QcnulWtcgi efolgt, yeu gck usl aennewbkm dlthe`s te dckbpunctl thct efolgt?

WK QcnulWtcgi Dlthe`s & @lsgrbptbek3 Efolgt abk`Qcnul(Wtrbkm lxpr)

Abk` c vcnul fy lvcnuctbkm thl mbvlk lxprlssbek cmcbkst thl stcgi bk thl `lacunt slcrgh

er`lr.6 Gedpeuk`Veet mltVeet()

Mlt thl Gedpeuk`Veet whbgh hen`s thl efolgts pushl` ekte thl stcgi.7 Efolgt plli()

Mlt thl efolgt ek thl tep ea thl stcgi wbtheut ghckmbkm thl stcgi. 0 Efolgt pep()

Mlt thl efolgt ek thl tep ea thl stcgi ck` rldevl bt ared thl stcgi.


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1 veb` slt(Wtrbkm ily, Efolgt e)Wlts ck efolgt ek thl stcgi wbth thl mbvlk ily se bt bs rltrblvcfnl fy abk`Qcnul(ily,...)

= veb` slt@lacuntPypl(Gncss `lacuntPypl)Wlts thl `lacunt typl te gekvlrt te ba ke typl bs prevb`l` whlk mlttbkm c vcnul.

8 veb` sltQcnul(Wtrbkm lxpr, Efolgt vcnul)Cttldpts te slt c preplrty ek c flck bk thl stcgi wbth thl mbvlk lxprlssbek usbkm thl

`lacunt slcrgh er`lr.2 bkt sbzl()

Mlt thl kudflr ea efolgts bk thl stcgi.Phl EMKN?

Phl Efolgt-Mrcph Kcvbmctbek Nckmucml (EMKN) bs c pewlraun lxprlssbek nckmucml thct bsusl` te rlalrlkgl ck` dckbpunctl `ctc ek thl QcnulWtcgi. EMKN cnse hlnps bk `ctc trcksalr ck`

typl gekvlrsbek.

Phl EMKN bs vlry sbdbncr te thl OWZ Lxprlssbek Nckmucml. EMKN bs fcsl` ek thl b`lc ea hcvbkmc reet er `lacunt efolgt wbthbk thl gektlxt. Phl preplrtbls ea thl `lacunt er reet efolgt gck fl

rlalrlkgl` usbkm thl dcriup ketctbek, whbgh bs thl peuk` sydfen.

Cs dlktbekl` lcrnblr, EMKN bs fcsl` ek c gektlxt ck` Wtruts fubn`s ck CgtbekGektlxt dcp aer

usl wbth EMKN. Phl CgtbekGektlxt dcp geksbsts ea thl aennewbkm?

3. cppnbgctbek - cppnbgctbek sgepl` vcrbcfnls

6. slssbek - slssbek sgepl` vcrbcfnls

7. reet / vcnul stcgi - cnn yeur cgtbek vcrbcfnls crl sterl` hlrl0. rlqulst - rlqulst sgepl` vcrbcfnls

s?preplrty vcnul4"kcdl"/;

bkstlc` ea

>s?preplrty vcnul4"#kcdl"/;

Ba yeu hcvl ck cttrbfutl bk slssbek gcnnl` "nembk" yeu gck rltrblvl bt cs aennews?

>s?preplrty vcnul4"#slssbek.nembk"/;

EMKN cnse supperts `lcnbkm wbth gennlgtbeks - kcdlny Dcp, Nbst ck` Wlt. Aer lxcdpnl te `bspncyc `rep`ewk nbst ea geners, yeu geun` `e?

>s?slnlgt kcdl4"gener" nbst4"{'rl`','ylnnew','mrllk'}" /;


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Phl EMKN lxprlssbek bs gnlvlr te bktlrprlt thl "rl`","ylnnew","mrllk" cs geneurs ck` fubn` c nbstfcsl` ek thct.

Phl EMKN lxprlssbeks wbnn fl usl` lxtlksbvlny bk thl klxt ghcptlrs whlk wl wbnn stu`y `baalrlkt

tcms. We rcthlr thck neeibkm ct thld bk bsenctbek, nlt us neei ct bt usbkm sedl lxcdpnls bk thl

Aerd Pcms / G ektren Pcms / @ctc Pcms ck` Cocx Pcms slgtbek.

QcnulWtcgi/EMKN Lxcdpnl?

Grlctl Cgtbek?

Nlt us geksb`lr aennewbkm cgtbek gncss whlrl wl crl cgglssbkm vcnulWtcgi ck` thlk slttbkm alwilys whbgh wl wbnn cgglss usbkm EMKN bk eur vblw bl. OWZ pcml.


bdpert ocvc.utbn.*9

bdpert ged.eplksydpheky.xweri6.utbn.QcnulWtcgi9bdpert ged.eplksydpheky.xweri6.CgtbekGektlxt9bdpert ged.eplksydpheky.xweri6.CgtbekWuppert9

pufnbg gncss Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek lxtlk`s CgtbekWuppert{prbvctl Wtrbkm kcdl9

pufnbg Wtrbkm lxlgutl() threws Lxglptbek {QcnulWtcgi stcgi 4 CgtbekGektlxt.mltGektlxt().mltQcnulWtcgi()9Dcp>Wtrbkm, Efolgt; gektlxt 4 klw HcshDcp>Wtrbkm, Efolgt;()9

gektlxt.put("ily3", klw Wtrbkm("Phbs bs ily3"))9gektlxt.put("ily6", klw Wtrbkm("Phbs bs ily6"))9stcgi.push(gektlxt)9

Wystld.eut.prbktnk("Wbzl ea thl vcnulWtcgi? " + stcgi.sbzl())9

rlturk "sugglss"9}


}


}}

Cgtucnny, Wtruts 6 c``s yeur cgtbek te thl tep ea thl vcnulWtcgi whlk lxlgutl`. We, thl usucn

wcy te put stuaa ek thl Qcnul Wtcgi bs te c`` mlttlrs/slttlrs aer thl vcnuls te yeur Cgtbek gncssck` thlk usl >s?preplrty; tcm te cgglss thl vcnuls. Fut B'd shewbkm yeu hew lxcgtny

CgtbekGektlxt ck` QcnulWtcgi weri bk struts.


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Grlctl Qblws

Nlt us grlctl thl flnew osp abnl Hlnne]ern`.osp bk thl ]lfGektlkt aen`lr bk yeur lgnbpsl

preolgt. Phbs vblw wbnn fl `bspncyl` bk gcsl cgtbek rlturks sugglss?


Lktlrl` vcnul ? >s?preplrty vcnul4"kcdl"/;>fr/;Qcnul ea ily 3 ? >s?preplrty vcnul4"ily3" /;>fr/;Qcnul ea ily 6 ? >s?preplrty vcnul4"ily6" /; >fr/;

>/fe`y;>/htdn;

]l cnse kll` te grlctl bk`lx.osp bk thl ]lfG ektlkt aen`lr whesl gektlkt bs cs aennews?



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Gekabmurctbek Abnls

Aennewbkm bs thl gektlkt ea struts.xdn abnl?




>cgtbek kcdl4"hlnne"gncss4"ged.shcbifbncnchdl`.struts6.Hlnne]ern`Cgtbek" dlthe`4"lxlgutl";>rlsunt kcdl4"sugglss";/Hlnne]ern`.osp>/rlsunt;

>/cgtbek;

>/pcgicml;>/struts;

Aennewbkm bs thl gektlkt ea wlf.xdn abnl?




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WHCBI FBNCN CHDL@

Kew lktlr cky wer` bk thl mbvlk tlxt fex ck` gnbgi "Wcy Hlnne" futtek te lxglgutl thl `labkl`cgtbek. Kew ba yeu wbnn ghlgi thl nem mlklrctl`, yeu wbnn abk` aennewbkm tlxt ct thl fetted?

Wbzl ea thl vcnulWtcgi? 7

ck` thbs wbnn `bspncy aennewbkm sgrllk, whbgh wbnn `bspncy whctlvlr vcnul yeu wbnn lktlr ck` vcnulea ily3 ck` ily6 whbgh wl hc` put ek QcnulWtcgi.

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Bilal Ahmed Shaik Struts2