Bigiest Power Station

8/9/2019 Bigiest Power Station

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-----Original Message-----From: Parthasarathy R (Safety)Sent: Wednesday, May 17, 2006 5:58 PMTo: Sugavanam S (Electrical); Natarajan (Electrical); Selvakumar M [Electrical]Subject: FW: Biggest power plant on the Earth

FYI please,Partha.-----Original Message-----From: Ravichandran, Bakthavatcha (B.) [mailto:[email protected]]Sent: Friday, May 12, 2006 11:05 AMTo: Ravichandran, Bakthavatcha (B.)Subject: Biggest power plant on the Earth

Biggest power plant on the Earth

ITAIPU- Largest power plant on the Earth- 12600 MW of Hydro power

Total view of the ITAIPU power plantLeft part shows overflow (spillway), the power station is located in the middle.


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At the bottom of the 196 m tall dam, the white tubes are containing the inlets for the

18 turbines (715 MW each).

On top of the 7.6 km dam, a 12 800 000 m of concretewas used for the projectITAIPU.


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The lake created by ITAPU dam. Its area reaches 1 350 km2, its length 170 km andits average width 7 km.

One 715 MW electrical generator

The diameter of the rotor is almost 16 m, the rotating mass


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Inside the ITAIPU PowerhouseDimensions: length: 986 m, maximum height: 112 m and width: 99m.

The red line on the floor indicates the border of Brazil and Paraguay.

One 715 MW electrical generatorThe diameter of the rotor is almost 16 m, the rotating mass is 2 650 t


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The control center of the 18 generators

Left half of it (in Brazil) controls the 60 Hz units, right half (in Paraguay) controlsthe 50 Hz units.

A 18 kV to 525 kV transformator for 825 MVATo increase the voltage To increase the voltage of the generators, transformers with

a capacity of 825 MVA and 768 MV(for 50 and 60 Hz respectively) were specified.


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Power switches for high voltages

Power switches at the "Left Bank Substation" (FURNAS).

The AC-DC rectifier

The FURNAS rectifier substation is accomplished by four lines of of 500 kV.Output DC voltages are symmetrical 500 000 Volt SC.


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Electricity (AC) leaving ITAPU to Sao Paulo

6 300 MW of electrical power generated by the 60 Hz units is transported by an 891km AC transmission system, formed by three lines of 750 kV.

"Peanuts"- a word often used from so called "economic experts" and representatives

when it comes to Renewable Energies."Not sufficient", "unreliable", "not feasible", are common bias.

ITAIPU shows they are wrong! Having more power than 10 nuclear power stations it

supplies the second largest city on the planet with zero-emission electricity since1984, still being extended until 1991. 26% of the electrical power consumption of

Brazil and 78% of Paraguay are supplied by ITAIPU.

Located at the Brazilian-Paraguaian border and not far from the Argentinian border,

the first step of the initiation was already in 1966 when the Ministers of Foreign

Affairs of Brazil and Paraguay signed a joint statement known as the "Act of Ygazu".By this a study and evaluation of the hydraulic resources of the Parana river (owned

jointly by Brazil and Paraguay) followed.

On April, 26, 1973, the two governments of the states signed a treaty "for thedevelopment of the hydroelectric resources of the Parana River" and founded

"ITAIPU Binacional" (cooperation with the legal, administrative and financialcapacities and technical responsibility to plan, set up and operate the plant) in May,

17, 1974.

The construction work started in 1975, reaching its peak in 1978 with 30 000 peopleat work. Monthly on-site concrete production reached 338 000 m. In total, 15 times

the mass of concrete used for the "Eurotunnel" was supplied. The height of the damreaches 196 m, its length 7.76 km. The lake created by this is 170 km long and

contains 29 billion tons of water.


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Unit 1 started to operate in December 1983. Electrical grid connection to Paraguay

was established in March 1984, Brazil was connected 5 months later. In March 1991the last unit (No.18) was put into operation.

The water intake of one single 715 MW Francis-turbine is 700 m/s, its weighted

efficiency is 93.8%.

Each year ITAPU generates 75 TWh of electricity and avoids 67.5 million tons ofcarbon dioxide emissions - compared to coal power plants.

The final cost of ITAIPU amounts to US$ 20 billion, 50% of this value are directinvestments and balance financial charges.

If whole area of the lake - at nominal level - would be covered by solar modules the

power of the would be 135 000 MWp, which would produce 230 TWh a year. For thesame yearly output as ITAIPU a solar PV-plant would cost US$ 132 billion

Technical Data


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Powerhouse and Main Dam

Location of the Equipment and Principal Elevations

Powerhouse (18 units including erection bays) - (m)

Length 968

Width 99

Height 112

Roof level 148

Generator hall floor level 108

Spacing between units 34

01 - El 40 - Foundation of the dam

02 - El 92,4 - Access to turbine pit

03 - El 98,5 - Unit auxiliary service - Pure water system

04 - El 98,5 - Excitation system, access to generator housing and speed governo

05 - El 108 - Step-up transformers06 - El 108 - Generator hall floor and local control rooms

07 - El 122 - Ventilation system

08 - El 127,6 - Cable gallery

09 - El 128,2 - GIS - SF6

10 - El 133,2 - Principal panels of AC auxiliary service and diesel generator hall

11 - El 144 - Dam auxiliary service

12 - El 214 - Gate hydraulic pump group

Rolling track of gantry crane


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Rolling track (m) Span 10,00

Total length 857,6

Rail-top elevation 225

Penstocks

Quantity 18

Weight each penstock (t) 883

Internal diameter (m) 10,5

Developed length (m) 142,2

Rated flow (m / s) 690

Water Intake Trashracks

Quantity 18

Rack panels per intake 24 (m) 4,7 x 5,5

Trashrack Cleaning Machine

Quantity 2

Jib crane capacity (kN) 200

Vertical lift of rake (m) 61,5

Rake capacity (m / kN) 2/2,5

Service Gates (Fixed wheel type)

Quantity 18

Span (m) 8,2

Total height (m) 19,3

Sill beam elevation (m) 177,6

Maximum flow through gate (m/s) 750

Stop-logs

Sill beam elevation (m) 177,2

Span (m) 7,5

Height (m) 17,5

Quantity 7

Gantry cranes

Quantity 2

Capacity (kN) 1.100/400

Max. hoisting speed 50/60 Hz (m/min.) 4,6/5,5

Min. hoisting speed 50/60 Hz (m/min.) 1,7/2,0

Rated travel speed 50/60 Hz (m/min.) 25/30


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Generator

Quantity 18

Frequency 60 Hz (9 un.) / 50 Hz (9 un.)

Rated power 50 / 60 Hz (MVA) 823,6 / 737,0Rated voltage (kV) 18

Number of poles 50 / 60 Hz 66 / 78

Moment of inertia - GD2 (t.m) 320.000

Power factor 50 / 60 Hz 0,85 / 0,95

Heaviest component - rotor (t) 1.760

Weight of each unit 50 / 60 Hz (t) 3.343 / 3.242

Turbine

Quantity 18

Type Francis

Rated power (MW) 715


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Design speed - 50 / 60 Hz (rpm) 90,9 /92,3

Net design head (m) 118,4

Rated flow (m/s) 645

Heaviest component - rotor (t) 296

Weight of each unit (t) 3.360

Bank of Single-Phase Transformers

50 Hz 9 + 2 Reserve Units60 Hz 9 + 2 Reserve Units

Rated Power of Each Bank

50 / 60 Hz (MVA) 825/768

Impulse Level (Phase/Neutral)

High Voltage (kV) 1.550/110

Low Voltage (kV) 125

Type of connection - Y

Weight of each transformer (kg)

217 x 103 (50 Hz)

189 x 103 (60 Hz)Cooling forced oil and water

SF6 Gas Insulated Substation

Maximum Rated Voltage (kV) 550

Rated Current (A) 4.000

Rated Break Current (kA) 63


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Quantity of Circuit Breakers 52

Length of Enclosed Busbars Isolated by SF6 Gas (m) 7.500

SF6 Pressure in the Circuit Breakers (kPa) 620

Quantity of Isolation Switches 124

Quantity of Current Transformers 396

Quantity of Potential Transformers 24

Quantity of Surge Arresters 126

Mass of SF6 Gas (kg) 108 x 103

SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

The SCADA System, is a means of supervision and control based on computers. The general purpose of thisSystem is to provide the Plant Operators with detailed and automatic information in a centralized form - at presentbeing distributed over more that 1,500 panels in the diverse galleries along the length of the power plant - andorganized in real time (that is, at the instant of occurrence) concerning the electrical, mechanical, thermal andhydraulic conditions of the equipment and the installations. This will permit the operators in the Central ControlRoom to exercise a permanent analysis of the situation and facilitate taking the correct and appropriate decisionswithin the time limits necessary to maintain the generation of energy.

Its operation is based on the installation of electronic devices in the diverse units of equipment in the Power Plant(generators, turbines, transformers, etc.) for the automatic acquisition of operational information. This informationwill be transferred to a central computer, where it will be processed by specific software. When the softwareidentifies abnormal conditions, the Operators will be instantly informed by signals on the computer monitors. Therequired corrective actions or commands can be taken through these same computers.

The SCADA System is scheduled to be installed by the middle of 2002 and will provide the Operators withsupervision over approximately 18,000 points, significantly improving the operating conditions of the Plant andpermitting, in many cases, the prevention of disconnections, as well as allowing greater speed of recovery from theoperational problems that may occur.


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Transmission system

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