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BIE-3123 – Biomimetics Course Syllabus
Instructor: Assist. Prof. İlker Polatoğlu
Office No: 0 236 201 24 53
e-mail: [email protected]
Web Site: ilkerpolatoglu.cbu.edu.tr
Lecture Hours : Tuesdays: starts at 13.15
Course Grading:
Midterm: %30 + [Presentation + Quizzes]: %30 + Final:
%40
Resources
✓Several books on the subject
Resources
✓Lecture notes, presentations, audio/video files from different sources
✓Scientific papers
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/biomimetics
1 Introduction, fundamental definitions, historical development of biomimicry
2 Technological Aspects From Learning Nature
3 Natural mechanisms and their biomimetic applications
4 Natural mechanisms and their biomimetic applications
5 Biomimetic surfaces, biomaterials, biocompatible materials
6 Octember 29 (national holiday)
7 Biologically inspired smart materials, sensors, robots.
8 Midterm exams
9 Midterm exams
10 Biomimicry in Engineering Design
11 Superhydrophobicity, Learn from the Lotus Leaf
12 Micro Swimming Robots Based on Small Aquatic Creatures
13 Project presentations
14 Project presentations
15 Project presentations
Humans are clever, but without intending to, we have created
massive sustainability problems for future generations.
Fortunately, solutions to these global challenges are all around us.
Biomimicry is an approach to innovation that seeks sustainable
solutions to human challenges by emulating nature’s time-
tested patterns and strategies. The goal is to create products,
processes, and policies—new ways of living—that are well-
adapted to life on earth over the long haul.
The core idea is that nature has already solved many of the
problems we are grappling with. Animals, plants, and microbes
are the consummate engineers. After billions of years of research
and development, failures are fossils, and what surrounds us is
the secret to survival.
The Concept of Biomimetic
“I think the biggest innovations of the 21st
century will be at the intersection of biology and technology. A new era is beginning.”
Steve Jobs
Relevant Terminology
Biomimetics or Biomimicry: Biomimicry is an approach to innovation that seeks sustainable solutions to human challenges by emulating nature’s patterns and strategies.
In another words,Biomimicry is innovation inspired by creation(not nature, as the nature can not create itself).Biomimetics is an interdisciplinary field in which principles from engineering, chemistry and biology are applied to the synthesis of materials, synthetic systems or machines that have functions thatmimic biological processes.
Other descriptions for biomimetic
- Nature-inspired , bio-inspired design
Which systems are biomimetic?
A biomimetic system means something that resembles a system
found in Nature.
For instance, echolocation that some animals use for navigating in
dark has been turned into technology of sonar commonly used, for
instance, in naval navigation. The materials and technology to
create and detect the signals are surely different in the animals and
in ships, but the overall action is the same. Thus, the sonar is a
biomimetic system, even though the materials related to it are not.
Which materials are biomimetic?
Should all the materials forming of a certain biomimetic system
be considered as biomimetic materials? Not necessarily.
Only when the material of question is somehow acting similarly
to a biological material in the same context, we can talk about a
biomimetic material.
Nanoclay/polymer nanocomposite Walther et al. have prepareda material from polymer-coated nanoclay platelets by assemblinga layered structure (Fig. 1) of them. The final structure of thematerial resembles the structure of nacre, mother of pearl. Nacreconsists of 95 % hard aragonite platelets, interfaced by softorganic matrix material, representing only 5 % of the material’stotal weight.The special composition and structure of nacre leads toextraordinary toughening of the material and is the feature thatthis biomimetic material attempts to
capture.
Figure 1. PVA-coated nanoclay platelets are assembled by solution-based methods.
Synthetic composites often lack toughness and are thus quite
brittle. Here, biomimetics is applied to increase the toughness of
the nanocomposite by using the same strategy that Nature has
done in creating the natural model material. The chemistry or
the size scale of the components is not the same as in nacre,
but still the materials can be regarded biomimetic. After this,
one might think that simply mixing a chosen polymer with
nanoclay would always form a biomimetic composite. This is not
exactly true because the great properties of the natural
composites are due to the ordered structure and controlled
interactions in the materials and not just the right mixture.
Often, it is the structure that makes materials biomimetic.
It is good to remember that the bio-based materials are be
considered biomimetic, if they are not mimicking any
biological material. For instance, paper is not biomimetic
even though it is based on wood and is produced by
biosynthesis. Also the components of biomimetic systems
may not be regarded as biomimetic materials as such
Which materials are not biomimetic?
https://biomimicry.org/
https://biomimicry.org/what-is-biomimicry/
Biomimetics is the attempt to learn from nature; it deals with
the development of innovations on the basis of investigation of
natural, evolutionarily optimized biological structures, functions,
processes, and systems
Definition
Elementary to every definition is, in our opinion, a composition of
the three elements that are essential in characterizing
biomimetics today:
(1) New (technical) possibilities for (2) innovations solving societal
problems and/ or fulfilling demands and (3) “learning from living
nature,” or more precisely: learning, in the broadest sense, from
“biological research.
Three strands of development in biomimetics
a differentiation between the three main developmental
biomimetics strands can be made. The first, “functional
morphological”, strand is the oldest and dedicated above
all to the form/structure-function relationships. The second
strand focuses more on the biological forms of signal and
information processing and introduced successful technical
implementations; particularly in the areas of biocybernetics,
sensorics, and robotics. The third and youngest strand of
development in biomimetics is a result of progress in the area
of nanotechnology and draws on, among other areas,
molecular self-organisation processes.
Three levels of learning from nature
In addition to the three strands in the development dynamic, the core of the
biomimetic basic idea can also be broken down further. We distinguish between
three levels of “learning from nature,” where the question arises as to the
conceptual source of the respective biomimetic knowledge transfer processes. In
the case of “learning from nature’s findings,” it is the structures and mechanisms
of living systems that are found in nature and described in biology that are used
as models for technical products and processes. At the second level, it is neither
the findings nor the results of evolution but rather the evolutionary process itself
that is the object and starting point of the knowledge transfer processes in
biomimetics (evolutionary optimisation, genetic algorithms). There is also an
effort underway in biomimetics to distill out the general principles of the
evolutionary success and the structure and functionality of natural systems (for
example, resource efficiency, opportunism and adaptability); this can be
considered the third level of learning from nature.