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7/21/2019 Bicycle-ped Bridge Engineering Part 2
1/12
roduction to Bridge Design and
nstruction
6/28/2011 1
Bridge Engineering 101Part 2 -Planning and Design
Questa Engineering Corporation
Sydney Temple, P.E.
6/28/2011 2
IntroductionTodays Talk:
General Design Steps
Planning to ConstructionBridge foundation types
Environmental Review & Permits
Construction
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Multi-Discipline Approach
Structural Engineering
Geotechnical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Planning and Permitting
Geomorphology
Hydraulic Engineering
Biologic Evaluations
Geologic Evaluations
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Basic Design StepsInvestigate the site
Survey, Geotech, Hydrology, Biology
Opportunities and constraints
Determine bridge type and location
40% Design
Permitting
Final foundation and superstructure design
Construction drawings
Construction
Construction management
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Site Survey Data
Site Survey General topography for 100 feet upstream/downstream min. Channel slopes
Long profile at 350 feet upstream and downstream
Existing structure data Slope, shape, dimensions, top of roadway, top of culvert, apron
slopes and wing wall geometries
Make sure bridge approach roads are surveyed including edge ofpavement, roadway crowns, super elevations
Map utilities and nearby structures
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Site Analysis
Site analysis:
Geotechnical Considerations Hydrologic/Hydraulic Studies
Geomorphic Considerations
Biologic issues
Bridge Layout
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Geotechnical Investigations
Regional geologic and seismic
conditionsLocal Soil conditions
Local Geologic hazards
Subsurface exploration
Design recommendations
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Subsurface Investigations
Exploratory holes; 10 - 100+ feet
Soil samples are collected for analyticaltesting
Perform Standard Penetration Test (SPT)sampling for strength characteristics (I.e.Blow Counts/ft)
Determines groundwater levels
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Types of Drilling
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Geotechnical Reports
Summarize geological hazardsLocal site conditions
Provide recommendations forfoundation design
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H & H Investigations
Hydrology data
Regional sourceFlood Control Agencies Site specific modeling
Hydraulics analysis
Governmental sources; Caltrans, FEMA,and County Flood Control Agencies
Complete site specific analysis
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Project Site
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Design Water Surface Elevations
Hydraulic Design Criteria and Freeboard
Vary by Jurisdiction
50-year with 2 ft of freeboard
100-year with at least 1 ft freeboard
Leveesthree feet of freeboard
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Geomorphic Analysis
Vertical & Lateral creek movement Sediment transport
Bankfull channel
Low-Flow (scour line) channel
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Determining Vertical and LateralCreek Movement
Historic profile analysis
Existing condition long profile analysisHistoric air photo examination
Historic topographic map analysis
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Lateral movement
Longitudinal Profile Analysis
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
-1+50 3+50 8+50 13+50 18+50 23+50 28+50 33+50
River Station (ft)
FlowL
ineElevation(ft)
Reach 3Reach 2Reach 1
MitigatedKnickpoint (armored)
Un-mitigatedKnickpoint
DriscollRoad
PalmAvenue
SF Aqueduct,
concrete
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Fall 2003 March 2005
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Biological Reconnaissance
Special-Status Species
Existing Habitat ID and MappingOHW/Wetland Delineation
CNDDB Search
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Bridge LayoutStructure Positioning
Right of Way
Alternative alignments
Approaches
ADA Requirements
Traffic/Roadway design issues
Utilities
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Roadway Design Issues
AlignmentsApproach elevations
Vertical curves- approach slopes
Will you need embankments or otherretaining structures?
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Bridge Widths
Typical trail - 10 feet width
Major trail - 12 foot width lanes plus 2feet of railing/curb
Single lane = 18 feet, 14 feet betweenrailings/curbs
Two Lane = 28 feet, 24 feet betweenrailings/curbs
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Bridge Design and Impacts
Goal: shortest bridge with the leastamount of impact
Design Criteria
Passes design flows with freeborad
50-year with 2 ft of freeboard
100-year with at least 1 ft freeboard
No increase in flood threat
Minimizes scour and deposition
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Planning Level Bridge Costs
Pedestrian Bridge construction costs in northern California $125-$140 per square feet (sf) for cast in place concrete, $115-$150 per sf for prefabricated bridges. $1,500 per lineal foot
Traffic Rated Bridges Two Lane light to medium traffic
$350-500 sf
Major arterial structures $600-$750 sf
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Project Concept
CEQA
Certification
Flood Control
Public Safety
Permits
Environmental
Permits
Implementation
6/28/2011 38
Project Permit Documents
Site MapWater of the USCOE Jurisdictional AreaProject Description Detailed Alternatives examined/project justification 40% design drawings
Project Analysis Technical analysis or separate back up design
memorandum (H&H, Geotech, etc.)
Biologic Reconnaissance
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Project Description
Project Justification Site plan
Project channel bed profiles
Project cross section views
Habitat enhancement features
Limits of work, Mobilization
Area of impact
USCOE, riparian area, vegetated area
Determination of cut and fill quantities
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CEQA Review
Categorical Exemption
Initial Study Preparation
Mitigated Negative Declaration
EIR/EIS
Lead Agency
City, County or Special District
State for some grant funded projects
6/28/2011 41
Environmental Permits
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404 Permit Endangered Species Act Consultation
California Department of Fish & GameStreambed Alteration Agreement
Regional Water Quality Control Board
Water Quality Certification & General StormwaterConstruction Permit
Coastal Development Permit
6/28/2011 42
USCOE Permits
Reviews application and notifiesNational Marine Fisheries Service(NMFS) and/or US Fish and WildlifeService (USFWS)
May ask for formal or informal consultation
May require preparation of a BiologicOpinion (BO) and/authorization for take
NMFS will review Fish passage analysis
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Streambed AlterationAgreements
CDFG staff review
Must have CEQA completed to issueIncludes impacts to riparian areas
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Coastal Development Permit
Usually processed through the County
May require architectural reviewMay require separate monitoringprotocols
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Permit Timeline
6 month is likely minimum
1 year is not out of the question
NMFS and USFWS have 135 days
CDFG - 30 days
Coastal Development Permit6months+
6/28/2011 46
Design Breakdown
Foundation design
Bridge deck design
Channel Design if needed
6/28/2011 47
AASHTO & Caltrans
American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials
National Association which establishes andpromotes highway construction and safetystandards.
California Department of Transportation
Manages State Highway System
Issues permits for encroachment into state ownedhighways and properties
6/28/2011 48
Typical Light-Duty Bridge Crossing Profile
80
0+00 0+40 0+80 1+20 1+60 2+00 2+40 2+80
94.4
94.3
94.1
93.5
93.1
90.7
89.7
86.0
82.9
81.2
83.9
86.5
92.5
96.0
97.0
98.0
98.8
99.7
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
99.2
98.2
97.2
90
100
94.4
95.3
96.2
97.1
96.8
96.7
2+91
80
90
100
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Required Load Capacityand Anticipated Uses
Public Trails-Pedestrian/Bicycle/Equestrian/Disabled Users
Light-DutyTypically ResidentialAutomobiles/Light Trucks
Highway TrafficHeavy Trucks HS20-25 loads(AASHTO Load Standards)
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Bridge Foundation Considerations
Required Load Capacity and Anticipated Uses
Site Conditions & Geotechnical Investigations
Foundation Types Spread Footings
Driven Piles
Drilled Cast-In-Place Piers
6/28/2011 52
Foundation Types - Spread Footings
Relatively shallow reinforced concrete mats todistribute bridge loads over wide area of supportingsoils.
Advantages
Typically least expensive option
Minimal equipment mobilization requirements
DisadvantagesNot suitable over soft or liquefiable soils
Minimal resistance to undermining or slope instability
Moderate to heavy site disruptions
6/28/2011 53
Typical Spread Footing Bridge Foundation
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Foundation Types - Driven Piles
Tubular and Sheet Steel, Reinforced Concrete or
Composite Piles driven into soils using a droppedweight or piston hammer, applied typically in marinesettings.
Advantages Minimal site disruption
Provides support over soft or variable subgrade conditions
Applied in areas prone to flooding or with very soft soils
Disadvantages Requires mobilization of large equipment and materials
Requires minimum embedment depth into soil
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Reinforced Concrete Piles Being Installed in a MarineEnvironment
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Foundation Types - DrilledCast-In-Place Piers
Drilled holes filled with cast-in-place reinforcedconcrete piers.
Advantages Typically provides greatest resistance to vertical and lateral
loads
Provides excellent resistance to scour
Used in steep and/or unstable slope areas
Disadvantages Typically highest cost
Difficult to apply in areas of shallow ground water or loosesoils
Moderate site disruptions
6/28/2011 57
Drilled Pier Foundation Design for Timber FramedBridge
#4BAR
#4BARSFORSTEMWALL
1'
3'-4"
14'-8"
#4HOOPS@12"O.C.
4#5
3" COVER3'COVER
58 " X 12" ANCHOR
BOLT @48" O.C.
12"
#4HOOPS@12"O.C.
4#5
9#5
7#4
8"
12"
1'
5'-8"
10'-0"
12"
8"
3" COVER
3" COVER
2'-4"
7#4
12"
12"
12"
12"
14'-8"
3'-8"
10'-0"
#5#4
C'
B
3" COVER3" COVER
#4HOOPS@12"O.C.
4#5
#4HOOPS@12"O.C.
4#5
3'MIN.
12"
12"
7#4
B
PLANSECTION B-B'
SECTION C-C'
SECTION A-A'
C
6/28/2011 58
Photo of Drilled Cast-In-Place Pier Installation
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Public Safety Permits
County/ City Building Permits Structural & Roadway Design Review
Floodplain Management
Caltrans
Primarily concerned with impacts to theirfacilities and safety
Maintenance responsibility
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County/City Review
Reviews detail plans and calculations
Roadway design Structural design
Geotechnical design
Flood control
Construction Drawings
Plan set
Site Plan and layout Foundation plans
Superstructure plans
Road or trail plans
Erosion Control
Ancillary structures
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Construction Specifications
Bidding instructions
Work hours
Contracting requirements
Construction and material specifications
6/28/2011 64
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Picture of ferrasci improvements
6/28/2011 66
Construction Factors
Site and Channel AccessWork Conditions
Biological monitoring
Restricted Seasons
Mobilization and Staging Areas
Materials Storage Areas
Dewatering
Limits of Work
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Construction Sequence
Water control
Foundation construction Drilling
Concrete forming
Grading
Installation or construction
Approach construction
Erosion control
6/28/2011 68
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Contact Info
Sydney TempleQuesta Engineering Corp.
(510) 236-6114 ext 220
6/28/2011 71
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]