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Biblioteca Nacional de Argentina (1812-2008)
Yago CuraGSLIS #701: Hess
[email protected]@yahoo.com
April 7, 2008
History of the Argentine National Library
• 1810: Establised as Biblioteca Publica de BA on 7 Sept.
• 1812: Opens on March 16.• Jesuit Schools of Córdoba, Colegio
de San Carlos de BA, and outstanding private collections comprise initial coll.
• 1884: Under Wilde’s tenure becomes la Biblio. Nac. de Argentina.
• 1885: Under Groussac’s direction collection is cataloged and classified.
• 1885: 25,000 volumes.• 1893: 62,000 volumes.• 1960: Construction begins on new
facility• 1994: Over 1 million volumes.
Advocates: Moreno & Sarmiento
• 1810: Mariano Moreno, Secretary of the May Junta.
• Founder of La Gaceta de Bueno Aires (Buenos Aires Gazette).
• 1810: On June 7 publishes “Orden de la Junta” (Order of the Junta) to announce the resolutions reached by May Junta.
• Designated “Protector” of Biblioteca Publica de Buenos Aires.
• 1868-1874: Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina.
• Established public libraries in fourteen parishes in Buenos Aires.
• 1884: Enactment of Act number 1420 on Ordinary Education (Ley de Educación Común No. 1420) creates library called Biblioteca Pública de Maestros (Public Library for Teachers).
• 1870: With Act number 419 spreads public libraries all over national territory.
Extent of BNA
• 7 floors.• 3 basements.• Total area of 22,000
m² (square meters).• Over 1 million
volumes (1994).• Incunabula: 21 items.• Foulché-Delbosc
Collection (French Hispanist).
Famous Directors of the BNA
• Jose Marmol (1858-1871) : Poet and journalist, publishes first Argentine novel “Amalia” in 1885.
• Paul Groussac (1885-1929) : French national “modernized” the BNA; historian, novelist, and literary critic.
• Gustavo Martínez de Zuviría (1931-1955) : Novelist, lawyer, and academic; used pseudonym, Hugo Wast.
• Jorge Luis Borges (1955-1973) : Poet and essayist; shared the Premio Formentor with Samuel Beckett (1961) and the Cervantes with Gerardo Diego (1981); “Ficciones” and “Labyrinths” best known translations of his stories (1962).
Brutalist Architecture
• 1961: Construction started by Clorindo Testa, Francisco Bullrich y Alicia Cazzaniga whose design won first prize in national competition.
• Main objective with design was to ensure provision of growth, especially in regards to Legal Deposit and expanding collection.
• Majority of construction is subterranean to accommodate hundreds of thousands of materials in Legal Deposit and collections.
• Subterranean construction as a means to preserve green space and the natural surroundings of the library.
April 2008 @the BNA• April 7th: Entre la tierra y el mar:
a celebration of Joseph Conrad.
• April 11th: Cine + Música de autor: a cycle of cinema and music organized by la Nave de los Suenos (The Airship of Dreams) and the BNA.
• April 13th: La Cantante Calva or the Bald Singer by Eugene Ionesco.
• April 16th: Conference: Homenaje a César Vallejo, organized by the Peruvian embassy and the BNA.
• April 18th: Conference: Roberto Arlt: two roundtables devoted to the distinct aspects of his literary work.
Summary• 1810: Biblioteca Publica de Buenos
Aires established on 7 Sept. by Executive Order of Government Junta.
• Sarmiento establishes public libraries in fourteen parishes in Buenos Aires which solidifies need for national library.
• 1884: BP de BA becomes BNA under tenure of Jose Antonio Wilde.
• 1885: Paul Groussac “modernizes” BNA; first cataloged and classified entire BNA collection; first to use quantitative data on patronage, etc.
• 1993: BNA moves into new building; main objective with design was to ensure provision of growth, especially in regards to Legal Deposit and expanding collection.
• 1994: Over 1 million volumes.