Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
313
Bibliography
Abdel-Malek, A. (1963). Orientalism in crisis. Diogenes, 44, 103–140.
Agnew, J. (2005). Hegemony: The new shape of global power. Philadelphia: Temple
University Press.
Ahmad, A. (1991). Between Orientalism and historicism. Studies in History, 7(1),
135–63.
Ahmed, A. (2004). Islam under siege: Living dangerously in a post-honor world.
New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.
Ahmed, A. (2008). Clash or dialogue of civilizations? In N. Hasnain (Ed.), Beyond
textual Islam (pp. 135-142). New Delhi: Serials Publications.
Akbarzadeh, S., & Mansouri, F. (Eds.). (2007). Islam and political violence: Muslim
diaspora and radicalism in the West. London: I.B. Tauris.
Ali, T. (2002). The clash of fundamentalisms: Crusades, jihads, and modernity.
London: Verso.
Ali, T. (2006). Tortured civilizations: Islam and the West. In C. Mooers (Ed.), The
new imperialists: Ideologies of empire (pp. 45-60). Oxford: Oneworld.
Anderson, L. (Ed.). (1999). Transitions to democracy. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Anderson, L. (2003). Pursuing truth, exercising power: Social science and public
policy in the twenty-first century. New York: Columbia University Press.
Anderson, L. (2004). Scholarship, policy, debate and conflict: why we study the
Middle East and why it matters. 2003 MESA Presidential Address. Middle
East Studies Association Bulletin, 38(1), 2-15.
Andoni, L. (2002, December 16). Bernard Lewis: In the service of empire. Retrieved
October 07, 2009, from http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article976.shtml
Ashcroft, B., & Ahluwalia, P. (2001). Edward Said. London: Routledge.
Aydin, C. (2004). The politics of conceptualizing Islam and the West. Ethics &
International Affairs, 18(3), 89ff. Retrieved June 13, 2006, form www.
questia.com
al-Azmeh, A. (2006). After the fact: Reading Tocqueville in Baghdad. In C. Mooers
(Ed.), The new imperialists: Ideologies of empire (pp. 25-44). Oxford:
Oneworld.
Bagader, A. (2002). Contemporary Islamic movements in the Arab world. In A.
Ahmed, & H. Donnan (Eds). Islam, globalization and postmodernity (114-
126). (2nd
ed.). London: Routledge.
314
Bagchi, K. An Orientalist in the orient: Richard Garbe‘s Indian journey, 1885-1886.
Journal of World History, 14(3), 281-325.
Barroll, M. (1980). Toward a general theory of imperialism. Journal of
Anthropological Research, 36(2), 174-195.
Behdad, A. (1994). Belated travelers: Orientalism in the age of colonial dissolution.
Durhamand: Duke University Press.
Beinin, J. (July-August 1987). Review: Bernard Lewis‘s Anti-Semites [Review of the
book Semites and anti-Semites: An inquiry into conflict and prejudice] MERIP
Middle East Report, 147, pp. 43-45.
Beinin, J. (January-February 1993). Money, media and policy consensus: The
Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Middle East Report, 180, 10-15.
Beinin, J. (2001, November 23). To the editor. The Chronicle of Higher Education,
48(13), p. B4.
Beinin, J. (2002). Neo-conservatives threaten academic freedom. ISIM Newsletter.
International Institute for the Study of Islam and the Modern World, 11(2),
p. 33.
Beinin, J. (2003a, April 6). Pro-Israel hawks and the Second Gulf War. Middle East
Report Online. Retrieved September 15, 2009, from http://www.merip.org/mer
o/mero040603.html
Beinin, J. (2003b). Is terrorism a useful term in understanding the Middle East and the
Palestinian-Israeli conflict? Radical History Review, 85, 12-23.
Beinin, J. (2003c). Middle East studies after September 11. 2002 MESA Presidential
Address. Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 37(1), 2-18.
Beinin, J. (2005). Political Islam and the new global economy: the political economy
of an Egyptian social movement. The New Centennial Review, 5(1), 111-139.
Belcher, R. (2003). Free people will set the course of history: Intellectuals, democracy
and American empire. Middle East Report Online. Retrieved October 03,
2009, from http://www.merip.org/mero/interventions/blecher_interv.html
Bendix, R. (1956). Work and authority in industry. New York: Harper and Row.
Berger, E. (1975/1976). Memoirs of an anti-Zionist Jew. Journal of Palestine Studies.
5(1/2), 3-55.
Besteman, C., & Gusterson, H. (2005). Why America‘s top pundits are wrong:
Anthropologists talk back. California: University of California Press.
Bilgin, P. (2004). Is the ‗Orientalist‘ past the future of Middle East studies? Third
World Quarterly, 25(2), 423–433.
Bilgin, P. (2006). What future for Middle Eastern studies? Futures, 38, 575–585.
315
Bill, J. (1996). The study of Middle East politics, 1946-1996: A stocktaking. Middle
East Journal, 50(4), 501-512.
Boehlert, E. (2001, November 9). Islamism is fascism: an interview with Daniel
Pipes. Retrieved Nov. 3, 2009, from http://www.danielpipes.org/article/81.
Boyle, F. (2004). Destroying world order: U.S. imperialism in the Middle East before
and after September 11. Atlanta: Clarity Press.
Brand, L. (2005). Scholarship in the shadow of empire. 2004 MESA Presidential
Address. Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 39(1), 3-18.
Brennan, T. (2000). The illusion of a future: Orientalism as traveling theory. Critical
Inquiry, 26(3), 558-583.
Brunson, J. (2006). The Moor‘s last sigh: Boabdil and the black image in American
Orientalism 1816-1893. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. DOI:
AAT 3206318.
Bulliet, R. (1993). The future of the Islamic movement. Foreign Affairs, 72(5), 38-44.
Bulliet, R. (1994). Islam: The view from the edge. New York: Columbia University
Press.
Bulliet, R. (1999). Twenty years of Islamic politics. Middle East Journal, 53(2), 189-
200.
Bulliet, R. (2004a). The case for Islamo-Christian civilization. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Bulliet, R. (2004b, Nov. 18). Islamo-Christian civilization. Retrieved August 15,
2009, from http://www.agenceglobal.com/article.asp?id=319
Bulliet, R. (2007, July 10). Islam and the West: A case of selective memory.
Retrieved September 15, 2009, from http://www.agenceglobal.com/article.asp
?id=1312
Burke, E. (1998). Orientalism and world history: Representing Middle Eastern
nationalism and Islamism in the twentieth century. Theory and Society, 27(4),
489-507.
Cahen, C. (1965). To the editor. Diogenes, 13, 135-138.
Campo, J., & Elfenbein, C. (2004). Terrorism. In R. Martin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of
Islam and the Muslim World. New York: Macmillan.
Carter, J. (2006). Palestine: Peace, not apartheid. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Chase, A. (2001, November 23). To the editor. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
48(13), p. B4.
Chomsky, N. (1999). The culture of terrorism. London: Electronic Book/ Pluto
Press.
316
Chomsky, N. (2001). September 11. NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Chomsky, N. (2002). Powers and prospects: Reflections on human nature and the
social order. New Delhi: Madhyam Books.
Chomsky, N. (2004). Hegemony or survival: America‘s quest for global dominance.
New York: Penguin Books.
Chossudovsky, M. (2005). America‘s ―war on terrorism‖ (2nd ed.). Quebec: Global
Research.
Clarke, J. (1997). Oriental enlightenment. London: Routledge.
Cole, J. (2006a). Muslim religious extremism in Egypt: A histriographical critique of
narratives. In I. Gershoni, A. Singer, & Y. Erdem (Eds.), Middle East
histriographies: Narrating the twentieth century (pp. 262-287). Seatle, WA:
University of Washington Press.
Cole, J. (2006b). Ayatollahs and democracy in Iraq. ISIM Papers, 7. Amsterdam:
Amsterdam University Press.
Cole, J. (2009). Engaging the Muslim world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Concise Oxford English dictionary (11th ed.). CD-ROM. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Cooley, J. (2000). Unholy wars: Afghanistan, America, and international terrorism
(2nd ed.). London: Pluto Press.
Cox, M. (2001). The new liberal empire: US power in the twenty-first century. Irish
Studies in International Affairs, 12, 39-56.
Dabashi, H. (2009). Post-Orientalism: Knowledge and power in time of terror. New
Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Dallmayr, F. (1996). Beyond Orientalism: Essays on cross-cultural encounter.
Albany: State University of New York Press.
Daniel, N. (1960). Islam and the West: The making of an image. Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press.
Daniel, N. (1966). Islam, Europe and empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University
Press.
Das, V. (1986). Gender Studies: Cross-cultural comparison and the colonial
organisation of knowledge. Berkshire Review, 21, 58–76.
Davutoglu, A. (1994). Alternative paradigms: The impact of Islamic and Western
weltanschauungs on political theory. Lanham: University Press of America.
Davutoglu, A. (2000). Philosophical and institutional dimensions of secularization: A
comparative analysis. In A. Tamimi, & J. Esposito (Eds.), Islam and
secularism in the Middle East (pp. 170-208). London: Hurst.
317
Deane, C., & Fears, D. (2006, March 9). Negative perception of Islam increasing: Poll
numbers in U.S. higher than in 2001. Washington Post (online). Retrieved July
24, 2009, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2006/0
3 /08/AR2006030802221_pf.html
Donohue, J., & Esposito, J. (2007). Islam in transition: Muslim perspectives (2nd ed.).
New York: Oxford University Press.
Donnelly, T., Kagan, D., & Schmitt, G. (2000). Rebuilding America‘s defenses
strategy, forces and resources for a new century. A report of the Project for the
New American Century. Retrieved July 28, 2009 from, www.newamericancent
ury.org
Drake, R. (2007). On being called an anti-Semite in Montana: Is booking a critic of
the Israel lobby to speak on your campus anti-Semitic? Retrieved July 20,
2009, from http://www.aaup.org/AAUP/pubsres/academe/2007/SO/Feat/Drak.
htm
Drury, S. (1997). Leo Strauss and the American right. New York: St. Martin‘s.
Edwards, B. (1998). Morocco bound: U.S. representations of North Africa, 1920-
1998. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. DOI: AAT 9925577.
Eickelman, D. (1996). Foreword. In A. Norton (Ed.), Civil society in the Middle
East. Vol. 2, (pp. ix-xiv). Leiden: Brill.
Elgamri, E. (2008). Islam in the British broadsheets: The impact of Orientalism on
representations of Islam in the British press. Reading: Ithaca Press.
Esposito, J. (1982). Islam and politics: Review article. Middle East Journal, 36(3),
415-420.
Esposito, J. (Ed.). (1983). Voices of resurgent Islam. New York: Oxford University
Press.
Esposito, J. (1990). The study of Islam: Challenges and prospects. 1989 MESA
Presidential Address, Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 24(1), 1-11.
Esposito, J. (1993, May 26). Secular bias and Islamic revivalism. The Chronicle of
Higher Education, 39(38), p. A44.
Esposito, J. (1999). The Islamic threat: Myth or reality? (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford
University Press.
Esposito, J. (2000a). Introduction: Islam and secularism in the twenty-first century. In
A. Tamimi, & J. Esposito (Eds.), Islam and secularism in the Middle East.
London: Hurst.
Esposito, J. (2000b). Muslims in America or American Muslims? In Y. Haddad, & J.
Esposito (Eds.), Muslims on the Americanization path? (2nd ed.), (pp. 3-15).
New York: Oxford University Press.
318
Esposito, J. (2002a). Unholy war: Terror in the name of Islam. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Esposito, J. (2002b). What everyone needs to know about Islam. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Esposito, J. (2010). The future of Islam. New York: Oxford University Press.
Esposito, J., & Mogahed, D. (2008a). Who speaks for Islam? What a billion Muslims
really think. Washington, D.C.: Gallup Press.
Esposito, J., & Mogahed, D. (2008b, April 2). Muslim true/false: What you think you
know about them is likely wrong—and that‘s dangerous. Los Angeles Times
(online). Retrieved October 08, 2009, from http://www.latimes.com/news/opin
ion/commentary/la-oe-sposito2apr02,0,5220274.story
Esposito, J., & Piscatori, J. (1991). Democratization and Islam. Middle East Journal,
45(3), 427-440.
Esposito, J., & Voll, J. (1996). Islam and democracy. New York: Oxford University
Press.
Esposito, J., & Voll, J. (2000). Islam and the West: Muslim voices of dialogue.
Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 29, 613-639.
Esposito, J., & Voll, J. (2001). Makers of contemporary Islam. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Esposito, J., Voll, J., & Bakar, O. (Eds.). (2008). Asian Islam in the 21st century.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: Papers in the critical study of
language. New York: Longman Publishing.
Fairclough, N., & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical discourse analysis. In T. van Dijk (Ed.),
Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction: Vol. 2. Discourse as
Social Interaction. London: Sage.
Finckelstein, N. (2000). The holocaust industry: Reflections in the exploitation of
Jewish suffering. London: Verso.
Finckelstein, N. (2005). Beyond chutzpah: On the misuse of anti-Semitism and the
abuse of history. California: University of California Press.
Folley, S. (2010). The Arab Gulf states beyond oil and Islam. Boulder/London:
Lynne Reiner Publishers.
Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge. London: Routledge.
Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of history and the last man. New York: The Free
Press.
Fuller, G. (2004). The future of political Islam. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
319
Gabrieli, F. (1965). Apology for Orientalism. Diogenes, 50, 128–36.
Gause, F. (2002). Review: Who lost Middle Eastern studies? The orientalists strike
back. [Review of M. Kramer‘s Ivory towers on sand: The failure of Middle
Eastern studies in America]. Foreign Affairs, 81(2), 164-168.
Geertz, C. (1968). Islam Observed: Religious development in Morocco and Indonesia.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Geertz, C. (2003, June 12).Which Way to Mecca? The New York Review of Books,
50(10). Retrieved October 08, 2009, from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/
archives/2003/jun/12/which-way-to-mecca/
Gerges, F. (1999). America and political Islam: Clash of cultures or clash of
interests? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gerges, F. (2003). Islam and Muslims in the mind of America. The ANNALS of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science, 588, 73-89.
Gibb, H. (1975). Islam: An historical survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Golub, P. (2004). Imperial politics, imperial will and the crisis of US hegemony.
Review of International Political Economy, 11(4), 763-786.
Hadar, L. (1992). The ―green peril‖: Creating the Islamic fundamentalist threat.
Retrieved October 08, 2009, from http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-177.html
Hadar, L. (1993). What green peril? Foreign Affairs, 72(2), 27-42.
Hadar, L. (2005). Sandstorm: Policy Failure in the Middle East. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Haddad, Y. (1982). Contemporary Islam and the challenge of history. Albany: State
University of New York Press.
Haddad, Y. (July 1991a). Middle East area studies: current concerns and future
directions. MESA Presidential Address (1990). Middle East Studies
Association Bulletin, 25(1), 1-13.
Haddad. Y. (1991b). Introduction. In Y. Haddad (Ed.). The Muslims of America. New
York: Oxford University Press.
Haddad, Y. (1992). Islamists and the ―problem of Israel‖: The 1967 awakening.
Middle East Journal, 46(2), 266-285.
Haddad, Y. (2000). The dynamics of Islamic identity in North America. In Y. Haddad
& J. Esposito (Eds.), Muslims on the Americanization path? (pp. 19-46). New
York: Oxford University Press.
Haddad, Y. (Ed.). (2002). Muslims in the West: From sojourners to citizens. New
York: Oxford University Press.
320
Haddad, Y. (2004a). Not quite American? The shaping of Arab and Muslim identity in
the United States. Waco: Baylor University Press.
Haddad, Y. (2004b). The shaping of moderate American Islam. In R. Geaves, T.
Gabriel, Y. Haddad, & J. Smith (Eds.), Islam and the West post-9/11 (pp. 97-
114). Hampshire: Ashgate.
Haddad, Y., & Esposito, J. (Eds.) (2000). Muslims on the Americanization path? New
York: Oxford University Press.
Haddad, Y., & Lummis, A. (1987). Islamic values in the United States: A
comparative study. New York: Oxford University Press.
Haddad, Y., Smith, J., & Moore, K. (2006). Muslim women in America: The
challenge of Islamic identity today. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hafez, K. (Ed.). (2000). The Islamic world and the West: An introduction to political
cultures and international relations. M. Kenny (Trans.). Leiden: Brill.
(Original work published 1997).
Hajjar, L., & Niva, S. (October- December, 1997). (Re)Made in the USA: Middle
East studies in the global era. Middle East Report, 205, 2-9.
Halabi, Y. (1999). Orientalism and US democratization policy in the Middle East.
International Studies, 36, 375-392.
Hall, S., & Gieben, B. (Eds.). (1992). Formations of modernity. Cambridge: Polity
Press.
Halliday, F. (1993). Orientalism and its critics. British Journal of Middle Eastern
Studies, 20(2), 145-163.
Halliday, F. (1995a). The politics of ‗Islam‘: a second look. British Journal of
Political Science, 25(3), 399-417.
Halliday, F. (1995b). ‗Islam is in danger‘: Authority, Rushdie and the struggle for the
migrant soul. In J. Hippler, & A. Lueg (Eds.), The next threat: Western
perceptions of Islam (pp. 71-81). Laila Friese (Trans.). London: Pluto Press.
Halliday, F. (2001). The world at 2000: Perils and promises. Hampshire/New York:
Palgrave.
Halliday, F. (2003). Islam and the myth of confrontation: Religion and politics in the
Middle East (3rd ed.). London: I.B. Tauris.
Halliday, F. (2005). The Middle East in International relations: Power, politics and
ideology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Harvey, D. (2003). The new imperialism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hashemi, N. (2009). Islam, secularism, and liberal democracy: Toward a democratic
theory for Muslim societies. New York: Oxford University Press.
321
Hekman, S. (1990). Gender and knowledge: elements of a postmodern feminism.
Oxford: Polity Press.
Herbst, P. (2003).Talking terrorism: A dictionary of the loaded language of political
violence. Westport: Greenwood Press.
Hippler, J. Pax Americana?: Hegemony or decline. Transnational Institute Series.
London: Pluto Press, 1994.
Hippler J., & Lueg, A. (Eds.). (1995). The next threat: Western perceptions of Islam.
L. Friese (Trans.). Transnational Institute Series. London: Pluto Press.
(Original work published 1995).
Hirsh, M. (2004). Bernard Lewis revisited: What if Islam isn‘t an obstacle to
democracy in the Middle East but the secret to achieving it? Washington
Monthly [online]. Retrieved September 11, 2009, from
http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0411.hirsh.html
Hoare, Q., & Smith, G. (Eds.). (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks. London:
Lawrence & Wishart.
Hourani, A. (1980). Europe and the Middle East. London: Macmillan Press.
Huda, Qamar-ul. (2004). Orientalism. In R. Martin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Islam and
the Muslim world (pp. 515-516). New York: Macmillan Reference/ The Gale
Group.
Hudson, M. (1996). To play the hegemon: Fifty years of US policy toward the Middle
East. Middle East Journal, 50(3), 329-343.
Hudson, M. (2003). Super imperialism: The origin and fundamentals of U.S. world
dominance (2nd ed.). London: Pluto Press.
Hunter, S. (2009). Preface. In S. Hunter (Ed.), Reformist Voices of Islam: Mediating
Islam and Modernity. New York: M. E. Sharpe.
Huntington, S. (1993). The clash of civilizations? Foreign Affairs, 72(3), 22-49.
Huntington, S. (1996). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order.
New York: Simon and Shuster.
Ignatieff, M. (2002, July 28). Nation-building lite. New York Times Magazine
[online]. Retrieved March 03, 2009, from http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/2
8/magazine/nation-building-lite.html?scp=1&sq=28%20July%202002%20mic
hael%20ignatieff&st=cse
Ignatieff, M. (2003, January 5). The burden. New York Times Magazine, p. 22.
Retrieved March 03, 2009, from http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/05/magazi
ne/05EMPIRE.html?scp=1&sq=michael%20ignatieff%20%205%20January%
202003&st=cse
Ikenberry, G. (2002). America‘s imperial ambition. Foreign Affairs, 81(5), 44-60.
322
In U.S., religious prejudice stronger against Muslims. (2010, January 21). The Gallup
Center for Muslim Studies. Retrieved May 20, 2010, from http://www.muslim
westfacts.com/mwf/125318/Religious-Perceptions-America.aspx
Ismael, T., & Ismael, J. (Eds.). (1994). The Gulf War and the New World Order:
International relations of the Middle East. Gainesville: University Press of
Florida.
Ismail, S. (2006). Rethinking Islamist politics: Culture, the state and Islamism.
London: I. B. Tauris. (paperback ed.).
Jager, S. (2001). Discourse and knowledge: theoretical and methodological aspects of
a critical discourse and dispositive analysis. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.),
Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 32-62). London: Sage.
Johnson, P., & Stork, J. (October – December, 1981). MERIP: The first decade.
MERIP Reports, 100/101, 50-55.
Jonas, M. (2002). Isolationism. In A. DeConde, R. Burns, & F. Logevall (Eds.),
Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy (2nd ed.), Vol. 2, (pp. 337-351).
New York: Scribner.
Jones, J. (2007). Negotiating change: The new politics of the Middle East. London:
I.B. Tauris.
Jorgensen, M., & Phillips, L. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method.
London: Sage Publications.
Kakutani, M. (2003, April 05). Critic‘s notebook: How books have shaped U.S.
policy. New York Times [online]. Retrieved October 08, 2009, from
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/05/books/critic-s-notebook-how-books-
have-shaped-us-policy.html
Kazemi, F (1996). The inclusion imperative. 1996 MESA Presidential Address.
Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 30(2), 147-153.
Kempe, F. (2005, December 13). Lewis‘s ‗liberation‘ doctrine for Mideast faces new
tests. Wall Street Journal [online], p. A11. Retrieved September 11, 2009,
from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB113440875450020298.html
Kerr, M. (1980). Review of Orientalism. [Review of E. Said‘s Orientalism].
International Journal of Middle East Studies, 12(4), 544.
Khalidi, R. (1995). Is there a future for Middle East studies? 1994 MESA Presidential
Address. Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 29(1), 1-6.
Khalidi, R. (2004). Resurrecting empire: Western footprints and America‘s perilous
path in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris.
Khan, M. (1998). US foreign policy and political Islam: Interests, ideas and ideology.
Security Dialogue, 29, 449-462.
323
Khan, M. (2003). Syed Qutb—John Locke of the Islamic world. Retrieved October
26, 2009, from http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2003/0728islamicworld_
khan.aspx
Khan, M. (2006). The politics, theory, and philosophy of Islamic democracy, In M.
Khan, (Ed.), Islamic democratic discourse: Theory, debates and philosophical
perspectives (pp. 149-171). Oxford: Lexington Books.
Khan, R., Esposito, J., & Mogahed, D. (2008, April 1). Speaking for Islam: A
revealing look at Muslim thinking. Retrieved May 06, 2009, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGghwUlt8Cc
al-Khowaiter, N. (2008, March 10). Bernard Lewis and the manipulation of the
American mind. Turkish Daily News. [National ed.]. Ankara. ProQuest doi:
1443278861 Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.matc.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1443
278861&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=16380&RQT=309&VName=PQD
King, R. (1999). Orientalism and religion. London: Routledge.
Kopf, D. (1969). British Orientalism and the Bengal renaissance: The dynamics of
Indian modernization, 1773–1835. Berkeley, CA: University of California
Press.
Korany, B. (1999). International relations theory: Contributions from research in the
Middle East. In M. Tessler, J. Nachtway, & A. Banda (Eds.), Area studies and
social science: Strategies for understanding Middle East politics (pp. 148–
158). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Kramer, M. (1993, January 31). Islam vs. democracy. Retrieved November 3, 2009,
from http://sandbox.blog-city.com/islam_versus_democracy.htm
Kramer, M. (1996). Fundamentalist Islam at large: The drive for power. In B. Rubin
(Ed.), (2007). Introduction to political Islam: Ideas and key issues: Vol. 1 (pp.
101-118). Political Islam: Critical concepts in Islamic studies. New York:
Routledge.
Kramer, M. (1997a). The mismeasure of political Islam. In M. Kramer (Ed.), The
Islamism debate (pp. 161-73). Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle
Eastern and African Studies.
Kramer, M. (1997b, March 15). The real Islamic threat. [Review of Fred Halliday,
Islam and the Myth of Confrontation; and G. Fuller and I. Lesser, A Sense of
Siege: The geopolitics of Islam and the West]. Retrieved July 28, 2009, from
http://sandbox.blog-city.com/the_real_islamic_threat.htm
Kramer, M. (2001). Ivory towers on sand: The failure of Middle Eastern studies in
America. Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
324
Kramer, M. (2002, September 18). Qui custodiet ipsos custodes? Campus Watch.
Retrieved July 28, 2009, from
http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/2002_09_18.htm
Kramer, M. (2003). Coming to terms: Fundamentalists or Islamists? Middle East
Quarterly (online), 10(2). Retrieved November 3, 2009, from
http://www.meforum.org/541/coming-to-terms-fundamentalists-or-islamists
Kramer, M. (2003, October 14). Title VI in Congress: Not on our dime. Retrieved
November 3, 2009, from http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/2
003_10_14.htm
Kramer, M. (2005, April 1). Arab studies: my critical review. Retrieved November
12, 2008, from http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/Georgetown.htm
Kramer, M. (2006a, November 29). Big ideas in the Middle East. Retrieved July 28,
2009, from http://sandbox.blog-city.com/big_ideas_in_the_middle_east.htm
Kramer, M. (2006b). The American interest. Retrieved November 3, 2009, from
http://sandbox.blog-city.com/american_interest_azure.htm
Kramer, M. (2006, December 6). Democracy promotion: Plan B. Retrieved July 28,
2009, from http://sandbox.blog-city.com/democracy_promotion_plan_b.htm
(not used in thesis)
Kramer, M. (2007, January 23). Know thy enemy or an approximation thereof.
Retrieved July 28, 2009, from
http://sandbox.blogcity.com/know_thy_enemy_or_an_approximation_thereof.
htm
Kramer, M. (2007). Hamas: ―Glocal‖ Islamism. In D. Diker (Ed.), Iran, Hizbullah,
Hamas and the Global Jihad (pp. 61-67). Jerusalem: Jerusalem Center for
Public Affairs.
Kramer, M. (2008, April 9). Dr. Esposito and the seven percent solution. Retrieved
November 3, 2009, from http://sandbox.blog-city.com/dr_esposito_and_the_se
ven_percent_solution.htm
Krauss, M. (2008). Challenging the status quo in Middle East studies. Retrieved
October 6, 2009, from http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/6473
Lesch, A. (1996). Promoting academic freedom: Risks and responsibilities. 1995
MESA Presidential Address. Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 30 (1),
1-9.
Lewis, B. (1954). Communism and Islam. International Affairs, 30(1), 1 -12.
Lewis, B. (1964). The Middle East and the West. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press.
Lewis, B. (1976). The return of Islam. Commentary, 62, 89-101.
325
Lewis, B. (1982, June 24). The question of Orientalism. New York Review of Books.
Also published in a revised version in B. Lewis, (1993) Islam and the
West. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, B. (1988). The Political Language of Islam. London: University of Chicago
Press.
Lewis, B. (1990). The roots of Muslim rage. A revised version is published in B.
Lewis, (2004). From Babel to Dragomans. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, B. (1993a). Islam and the West. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, B. (1993b). Islam and liberal democracy. The Atlantic Monthly [online],
271(2), p. 89. Retrieved August 01, 2009, from http://www.theatlantic.com/is
sues/93feb/lewis.htm
Lewis, B. (1993c, March 25). The enemies of God. New York Review of Books
[online], 40(6). Retrieved August 01, 2009, from http://www.nybooks.com/
articles/2632
Lewis, B. (1994). The shaping of the modern Middle East. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Lewis, B. (1995). The Middle East: A brief history of the last 2000 years. New York:
Scribner.
Lewis, B. (1996) Islam and Democracy: A historical overview. In L. Diamond, M.
Plattner, & D. Brumberg (Eds.), (2003). Islam and democracy in the Middle
East (pp. 208-219). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Lewis, B. (1997). The West and the Middle East. Foreign Affairs, 76(1), 114-130.
Lewis, B. (June 1998). Muslim Anti-Semitism. Middle East Quarterly [online].
Retrieved August 01, 2009, from http://www.meforum.org/396/muslim-anti-
semitism
Lewis, B. (1999). Semites and anti-Semites: An inquiry into conflict and prejudice
(2nd ed.). New York: W. W. Norton and Co.
Lewis, B. (2001a, November 19). The revolt of Islam: When did the conflict with the
West begin, and how could end? The New Yorker [online], Retrieved August
01, 2009, from http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2001/11/19/011119fa_FA
CT2?currentPage=all
Lewis, B. (2001b, September 27). Jihad vs. crusade: A historian‘s guide to the new
war. Wall Street Journal Opinion Archives [online]. Retrieved September 15,
2009, from http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=95001224
Lewis, B. (2002a, January). What Went Wrong? Atlantic Monthly [online]. Retrieved
August 01, 2009, from http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200201/lewis
Lewis, B. (2002b). What went wrong?: Western impact and Middle Eastern response.
New York: Oxford University Press.
326
Lewis, B. (2003a). The crisis of Islam: Holy war and unholy terror. New York: The
Modern Library.
Lewis, B. (2004). From Babel to Dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East. New
York: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, B. (2007). Europe and Islam. Irving Kristol Lecture. American Enterprise
Institute for Public Policy Research. Washington, D.C.: The AEI Press.
Lewis, B. (2010). Faith and power: Religion and politics in the Middle East. New
York: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, R. (1996). Gendering Orientalism: Race-feminity-representation. London:
Routledge.
Lipson, C. (2006). Cite right: A quick guide to citation styles—MLA, APA,
Chicago, the sciences, professions, and more. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
Little, D. P. (1979). Three Arab critiques of Orientalism. Muslim World, 69(2), 110–
131.
Little, D. (2004). American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since
1945 (2nd ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Lockman, Z. (2004a). Contending visions of the Middle East: The history and politics
of Orientalism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lockman, Z. (January 2004b). Behind the battles over US Middle East studies.
Middle East Report Online. Retrieved October, 08, 2009, from
http://www.merip.org/mero/interventions/lockman_interv.html
Lockman, Z. (2008). Challenges and responsibilities in a time of crisis. MESA
Presidential Address (2007). Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 42(1-
2), 5-15.
Lowe, L. (1991). Critical terrains: French and British Orientalisms. Ithaca, NY:
Cornell University Press.
Macfie, A. (Ed.). (2000). Orientalism: A reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University
Press.
Macfie, A. (2002). Orientalism. London: Pearson Education.
MacKenzie, J. (1995). Orientalism: history, theory and the arts. Manchester:
Manchester University Press.
Mahbubani, K. (2002). Can Asians think? Understanding the divide between East and
West (Rev. ed.). Vermont: Steerforth Press.
Mahmood, S. (1994). Review: Islamism and fundamentalism. [Review of the book
Fundamentalisms Observed]. Middle East Report, 191, 29-30.
327
Mamdani, M. (2005). Good Muslim, bad Muslim: Islam, the USA, and the global war
against terror. Delhi: Permanent Black-Oxford.
Marr, T. (2006). The cultural roots of American Islamicism. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Manzoor, S. (2000). Desacralising secularism. In A. Tamimi, & J. Esposito (Eds.),
Islam and secularism in the Middle East (pp. 81-96). London: Hurst.
Massad, J. (2005). Academic freedom and the teaching of Palestine-Israel: The
Columbia case, part II. Journal of Palestine Studies, 34(4), 75-107.
McAlister, M. (2001). Epic encounters: Culture, media, and U. S. interests in the
Middle East, 1945–2000. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Mearsheimer, J., & Walt, S. (2006). The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy. In
Michael Dumper (2009). Arab-Israeli conflict: major writings in Middle
Eastern studies, Vol. 4, (pp.181-252). London: Routledge.
Mearsheimer, J., & Walt, S. (2003). An unnecessary war. Foreign Policy, 134, 50-59.
Mearsheimer, J., & Walt, S. (2007). The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy. New
York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Melleuish, G. (2004). The clash of civilizations. In S. Arjomand, & E. Tiryakian
(Eds.), Rethinking civilizational analysis (pp. 234-244). London: Sage Publications.
Melman, B. (1992). Women‘s orients: English women and the Middle-East, 1718–
1918. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Menon, R., & Oneal, J. (1986). Explaining imperialism: The state of the art as
reflected in three theories. Polity, 19(2), 169-193.
Mernissi, F. (2003). Palace fundamentalism and liberal democracy. In E. Qureshi, &
M. Sells (Eds.), The new crusades: Constructing the Muslim enemy (pp. 51-
67). New York: Columbia University Press.
Milstein, M. (July 1991). Washington Institute for Near East Policy: An AIPAC
―image problem‖. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (online), p. 30.
Retrieved October 08, 2009, from http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0791/91
07030.htm
Mishra, S. (2006). Islam and democracy: an analysis of representations in the U.S.
prestige press from 1985-2005. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
DOI: AAT 3263370.
Mitchell P., & Schoeffel. J. (Eds.). (2002). Understanding power: The indispensable
Chomsky. New York: The New Press.
Mitchell, T. (2003). The Middle East in the past and future of social science. In D.
Szanton (Ed.), The politics of knowledge: Area studies and the disciplines.
328
Retrieved September 24, 2009, from http://escholarship.cdlib.org/ias/szanton.h
tml
Mitri, T. (2007). Christians and Muslims: memory, amity and enmities. In A. al-
Azmeh, & E. Fokas (Eds.), Islam in Europe: Diversity, identity and influence.
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mooers, C. (2006). Introduction: The new watchdogs. In C. Mooers (Ed.), The new
imperialists: Ideologies of empire (pp. 1-8). Oxford: Oneworld.
Moran, T. (2005). Bayard Taylor and American Orientalism: 19th century
representations of national character and the other. Retrieved from ProQuest
Digital Dissertations. DOI: AAT 3202653.
Munslow, A. (1997). Deconstructing history. London: Routledge.
Muttahedeh, R. (2003). The clash of civilizations: An Islamicist‘s critique. In E.
Qureshi, & M. Sells (Eds.), The new crusades: Constructing the Muslim
enemy (pp. 131-151). New York: Columbia University Press.
Ness, I. (Ed.). (2000). Encyclopedia of interest groups and lobbyists in the United
States. Vol. 1. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Norton, A. (1993). The future of civil society in the Middle East. Middle East
Journal, 47(2), 205-216.
Norton, A. (Ed.). (1996). Civil society in the Middle East. Vol. 2. Leiden: Brill.
Nye, J. (1990). Soft power. Foreign Policy, 80, 153-171.
Nye, J. (1999). Redefining the national interest. Foreign Affairs, 78(4), pp. 22-35.
Nye, J. (2003a). The velvet hegemon. Foreign Policy, 136, 74-75.
Nye, J. (2003b). U.S. power and strategy after Iraq. Foreign Affairs, 82(4), 60-73.
Nye, J. (2004a). Soft power. New York: Public Affairs.
Nye, J. (2004b). The decline of America‘s soft power: Why Washington should
worry. Foreign Affairs, 83(3), 16-20.
Obama, B. (2009, June 04). Cairo address to the Muslim world. Retrieved July 10,
2009, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/video/President-Obama-Speaks-to-
the-Muslim-World-from-Cairo-Egypt.htm
Owen, R. (1973). Studying Islamic history [Review of the book The Cambridge
history of Islam]. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 4(2), 287- 298.
Pelletreau, R., Pipes, D., & Esposito, J. (1994). Resurgent Islam in the Middle East.
Middle East Policy, 3(2), 1-21.
Perle, R., Colbert, J., Fairbanks, C., Feith, D., Loewenberg, R., Wurmser, D., et al.
(1996). A clean break: A new strategy for securing the realm. Retrieved
October 12, 2009, from http://www.israeleconomy.org/strat1.htm
329
Pintak, L. (2006). Reflections in a bloodshot lens: America, Islam and the war of
ideas. London: Pluto Press.
Pipes, D. (1982). Oil wealth and Islamic resurgence. In A. Dessouki (Ed.), Islamic resurgence in the Arab World (pp. 35-53). New York: Praeger Publishers.
Pipes, D. (1986). Fundamentalist Muslims between America and Russia. Foreign
Affairs, 64(5), 939-959.
Pipes, D. (1990). The Muslims are coming, the Muslims are coming. Retrieved March
03, 2009, from http://www.danielpipes.org/198/the-muslims-are-coming-the-
muslims-are-coming
Pipes, D. (1992). Dealing with Middle Eastern conspiracy theories. Orbis ,36(1), 41-
56.
Pipes, D. (2002). Militant Islam reaches America. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.
Pipes, D. (2003a). In the path of God: Islam and political power (2nd ed.). New
Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Pipes, D. (2003b, November 25). Identifying Muslim moderates. Jewish World
Review [online]. Retrieved March 03, 2009, from http://www.jewishworldrevi
ew.com/1103/pipes_2003_11_25.php3
Pipes, D., & de Atkine, N. (1996). Middle Eastern studies: What went wrong?
Retrieved October, 12, 2009, from http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/55
8
Piscatori, J. (1986). Islam in a world of nation states. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Pratt, N. (2008). Democracy and authoritarianism in the Arab world. New Delhi:
Viva Books.
Quandt, W. (2005). Peace process : American diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli conflict
since 1967 (Rev. ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
Ramadan, T. (2004). Western Muslims and the future of Islam. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Rehman, J. (2005). Islamic state practices, international law and the threat from
terrorism: A critique of the ‗clash of civilizations‘ in the new world order.
Oxford: Hart Publishing.
Renkema, J. (Ed.). (2009). Discourse, of course: An overview of research in discourse
studies. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Rice, C. (2000). Promoting the national interest. Foreign Affairs, 79(1), 45-62.
330
Rodinson, M. (2002). Europe and the Mystique of Islam. R. Veinus (Trans.). London:
I. B. Tauris. (Original work published 1980).
Rose, J. (2004). The myths of Zionism. London: Pluto Press.
Roy, O. (2004). Globalised Islam: The search for a new ummah. New York:
Columbia University Press.
Roy, O. (2007). Secularism confronts Islam. G. Holoch (Trans.). New York:
Columbia University Press. (Original work published 2005).
Rubin, A. (2004). Edward Said. Arab Studies Quarterly, 26(4) Retrieved January 09,
2007, from www.questia.com
Ruthven, M. (2007). Fundamentalism: A very short introduction (2nd ed.). New
York: Oxford University Press.
Saad, L. (2006, August 10). Anti-Muslim sentiments fairly commonplace. Gallup
Organization. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http://www.gallup.com/poll/2407
3/AntiMuslim-Sentiments-Fairly-Commonplace.aspx
Sabra, A. (2003).What is wrong with What went wrong? Middle East Report Online.
Retrieved August 25, 2009, from http://www.merip.org/mero/interventions/sa
bra_interv.html
Sadowski, Y. The new Orientalism and the democracy debate. In J. Beinin, & J.
Stork (Eds.), Political Islam: Essays from Middle East Report (pp. 33-50).
California: University of California Press.
Safran, N. (1963). The United States and Israel. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard
University Press.
al-Sagher, M. (1983). Orientalists and Koranic studies. Beirut: publisher not known.
Said, E. (1985). Orientalism reconsidered. Cultural Critique, 1, 89-107.
Said, E. (1994). Culture and imperialism (2nd ed.). New York: Vintage Books.
Said, E. (1995). Secular interpretation, the geographical element, and the
methodology of imperialism. In G. Prakash (Ed.), After colonialism: Imperial
histories and postcolonial displacements (pp. 21-39). Princeton, New Jersey:
Princeton University Press.
Said, E. (2003). Orientalism. London: Penguin. (First published 1978).
Said, E. (2003). The clash of definitions. In E. Qureshi & M. Sells (Eds.), The new
crusades: Constructing the Muslim enemy (pp. 68-87). New York: Columbia
University Press.
Said, E., Lewis, B., Wieseltier, L., Hitchens, C., & McNeill, W. (1987). The MESA
debate: The scholars, the media, and the Middle East. Journal of Palestine
Studies, 16(2), 85-104.
331
Saikal, A. (2003). Islam and the West: Conflict or cooperation? New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Salame, G. (1993). Islam and the West. Foreign Affairs, 90(2), 22-37.
Salla, M. (1997). Political Islam and the West: A new cold war or convergence? Third
World Quarterly, 18(4), 729-742.
Sallum, H. (2003). Edward Said: The Palestinian intellectual champion. Commentary
Review. 283(1654), pp. 271+. Retrieved January 09, 2007, from
www.questia.com
Schaar, S. (1979). Orientalism at the service of imperialism. Race and Class, 21(1),
67–80.
Sha‘ban, F. (2005). For Zion‘s sake: The Judeo-Christian tradition in American
culture. London: Pluto Books.
Sheehi, S. (2004). Foundations of modern Arab identity. Gainesville: University Press
of Florida.
Smith, J. (1999). Islam in America. New York: Columbia University Press.
Smith, N. (2003). American empire: Roosevelt‘s geographer and the prelude to
globalization. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
Southern, R. (1962). Western views of Islam in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
Sullivan, E., & Ismael, J. (1991). Introduction: Critical perspectives on Arab studies.
In E. Sullivan, & J. Ismael (Eds.), The contemporary study of the Arab
World. Alberta: University of Alberta Press.
Thompson, M. (Ed.). (2003). Islam and the West: Critical perspectives on modernity.
Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
Tibawi, A. (1964). English-speaking Orientalists. Islamic Quarterly, 8(1–4), 25–45
and 73–88.
Tibawi, A. (1979). Second critique of the English-speaking Orientalists. Islamic
Quarterly, 23(1), 3–54.
Tibawi, A. (1980). On the Orientalists again. Muslim World, 70(1), 56–61.
Tibi, B. (1998). The challenge of fundamentalism: Political Islam and the new world
disorder. California: University of California Press.
Tibi, B. (2001). Islam between culture and politics. New York: Palgrave.
Tibi, B. (2008). Political Islam, world politics and Europe: democratic peace and
Euro-Islam versus global jihad. London: Routledge.
332
Tillman, S. (1982). The United States in the Middle East: Interests and obstacles.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Truman, D. (1960). The governmental process. New York: Knopf.
Turner, B. (1978a). Marx and the end of Orientalism. London: George Allen and
Unwin.
Turner, B. (1978b). Orientalism, Islam and Capitalism. Social Compass, 25(3-4),
371-394.
Turner, B. (1989). From Orientalism to global sociology. Sociology, 23(4), pp. 629-
638.
Turner, B. (1997). Orientalism, Postmodernism and Globalism (2nd ed.). London:
Routledge.
Tyler, A. (2008). Islam, the West, and tolerance: Conceiving coexistence. New York:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Van Dijk, T. (1991). Racism in the press. London: Routledge.
Van Dijk, T. (1993). Principles of critical discourse analysis. Discourse and Society,
4(2), 249–283.
Van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and practice: New tools for critical discourse
analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
Voll, J. (1994a). Islam: Continuity and change in the modern world. Syracuse, New
York: Syracuse University Press.
Voll, J. (1994b). The end of civilizations is not so bad. 1993 MESA Presidential
Address. Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 28(1), 1-8.
Voll, J. & Esposito, J. (1994). Islam‘s democratic essence. Middle East Quarterly
(online), 1(3). Retrieved September 11, 2009, from http://www.meforum.org/
151/islams-democratic-essence
Waldman, P. (2004, February 8). Historian‘s take on Islam steers policy. Wall Street
Journal [online]. Retrieved October 10, 2009, available from http://www.salaa
m.co.uk/news/my_news/220550.txt
Webster‘s third new international dictionary of the English language unabridged.
Vols. 1-2. (1981). Chicago: Merriam-Webster.
Wheatcroft, A. (2003). Infidels: The conflict between Christianity and Islam, 638-
2002. London: Penguin Books.
Wilson, E. (1981). Orientalism: A black perspective. Journal of Palestine Studies,
10(2), 59–69.
Wodak, R. (2001). What CDA is about: A summary of its history, important concepts
and its developments. In R. Wodak, & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical
discourse analysis (pp. 1–13). London: Sage.
333
Wodak, R. (2009). The semiotics of racism: A critical discourse-historical analysis. In
Renkema, J. (Ed.). Discourse, of course: An overview of research in discourse
studies (pp. 311-326). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Wood, E. (2006). Democracy as ideology of empire. In C. Mooers (Ed.), The new
imperialists: Ideologies of empire (pp. 9-24). Oxford: Oneworld.
Wright, R. (1992). Islam, democracy and the West. Foreign Affairs, 71(3), 131-145.
Zarembka, P. (Ed.). (2006). The hidden history of 9-11-2001. Oxford: JAI Press.
Zubaida, S. (1997). Is Iran an Islamic state? In J. Beinin, & J. Stork (Eds.), Political
Islam: Essays From Middle East Report (pp. 103-119). California: University
of California Press.