188

Bibliography Abraham WR, Nogales B, Golyshin PN, Pieper DH and Timmis KN (2002).

Polychlorinated-biphenyl-degrading microbial communities in soils and sediments. Current Opinion in Microbiology. 5(3), 246-253.

Adrio JL and Demain AL (2005). Microbial Cells and Enzymes—A Century ofProgress. In Methods in Biotechnology.Microbial Enzymes and

Biotransformations; Barredo, J.L., Ed.; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, USA. 17, 1–27.

Aftab AZill-e-Huma and Shakil Ahmad (2015). Ganoderma lucidum: a case study for laccase biosynthesis. Pak. J. Phytopathol. 27 (01), 95-103.

Ahmad M, Taylor CR, Pink D, et al., (2010). Development of novel assays for lignin degradation: comparative analysis of bacterial and fungal lignin degraders. Mol Bio Syst. 6, 815–21.

Ahmed S, Riaz S and Jamil A (2009). Molecular cloning of fungal xylanases: An overview. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 84, 19–35.

Aidoo KE, Hendry R, et al. (1981). Estimation of fungal growth in solid state fermentation. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol.Biotechnol. 12, 6-9.

Aitken MD (1993). Waste treatment applications of enzymes: opportunities and obstacles. Chem. Eng. J.52, B49–B58.

Alexandre G and Zhulin LB (2000). Laccases are widespread in bacteria. Trends Biotechnol. 18, 41-42.

Alvira P, Tomas-Pejo E, BallesterosM and Negro MJ (2010).Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. BioresourceTechnology. 101, 4851-4861.

Anderson WF and Akin DE (2008). Structural and chemical properties of grass lignocelluloses related to conversion for biofuels. J.Ind.Microbiol.Biotechnol. 35, 355-366.

Annaduari G and Sivakumar T (2000). Photocatalytic decolourization of congo red over ZnO powder using Box Behnken design of experiments. Bioprocess Engg. 23, 167-173.

Arakane Y, Muthukrishnan S, Beeman RW, Kanost MR and Kramer KJ (2005). Laccase 2 is the phenoloxidase required for beetle cuticle tanning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 102, 11337-11342.

Argyropoulos DS and Menachem SB (1997). Lignin. In K.-E. Eriksson (ed.), Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology. Springer-Verlag, Germany. 57, 127- 158.

Arias ME, Rodrı´guez J, Pe´rez MI, et al., (2009). Analysis of chemical changes in Picea abies wood decayed by different Streptomyces strains showing evidence for biopulping procedures. Wood. Sci. Technol. 44, 179–88.

ArockiasamyS, Krishnan IPG, Anandakrishnan N, Seenivasan S, Sambath A and Venkatasubramani JP (2008). Enhanced production of Lac from Coriolus

189

versicolor NCIM 996 by nutrient optimization using response surface methodology. Appl. Biochem.Biotechnol. 151(2-3), 371-379.

Arora DS and Gill PK (2005). Production of ligninolytic enzymes by Phlebia floridensis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 21, 1021–1028.

Arora DS and Sharma RK (2010). Ligninolytic Fungal Laccases and Their Biotechnological Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 160,1760–1788.

Arora DS and Gill PK (2001). Effects of various media and supplements on laccase production by some white rot fungi. Biores.Technol. 77(1), 89-91.

Asad MJ, Asgher M, Sheikh MA and Sultan JI (2006). Production of Neurospora sitophila cellulases in solid state cultures. J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 28(6), 590-595.

Asgher M, Asad MJ and Legge RL (2006). Enhanced lignin peroxidase synthesis by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in solid state bioprocessing of a lignocellulosic substrate. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 22, 449-453.

Asgher M, Bhatti HN, Ashraf M and Legge RL (2008a). Recent developments in biodegradation of industrial pollutants by white rot fungi and their enzyme system. Biodegradation. 19, 771-783.

Asgher M, Kausar S, Bhati HN, Shah SAH and Ali M (2008b). Optimization of medium for decolorization of Solar golden yellow R direct textile dye by Schizophyllum commune IBL-06. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr. 61(2), 189-193.

AsgherM, SharifY and Bhatti HN(2010). Enhanced production of ligninolytic enzymes by Ganoderma lucidum IBL-06 using lignocellulosic agricultural wastes,” Inter. J. Chem. Reactor Eng. 8(1), 1-17.

Asgher M (2011). Characterization of a novel manganese peroxidase purified from solid state culture ofTrametes versicolor IBL-04. BioResources. 6, 4317–4330.

Asgher M, Iqbal HMN and Irshad M (2012). Characterization of purified and xerogel immobilized novel lignin peroxidase produced fromTrametes

versicolor IBL-04 using solid state medium of corncobs. BMC Biotechnology. 12 (1), p. 46.

Asgher M, Yasmeen Q and Iqbal HMN (2013). Enhanced decolorization of Solar Brilliant Rred 80 textile dye by an indigenous white rot fungus Schizophyllum commune IBL-06. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 20, 347- 352.

Bajpai P (2004). Biological bleaching of chemical pulps. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 24(1), 1-58.

Balakrishnan K and Pandey A (1996). Production of Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites in Solid State Fermentation. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 55,365-372.

Baldrian P (2006). Fungal laccases - occurrence and properties. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 30, 215-242.

Ballance DJ (1986). Sequences important for gene expression in filamentous fungi. Yeast. 2, 229–236.

Banat IM, Nigam P and Marchant R (1992). Isolation of a thermotolerant, fermentative yeasts growing at 52 °C and producing ethanol at 45 °C & 50 °C. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.8, 259-263.

190

Bao W and Renganathan V (1991). Triiodide reduction by cellobiose: quinine oxidoreductase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS 279(1), 30-32.

Bao W, O'Malley DM, Whetten R and Sederoff RR (1993). A laccase associated with lignification in loblolly pine xylem. Science. 260, 672-674.

Barbosa AM, Dekker RFH, St. Hardy GE. (1996). Veratryl alcohol as an inducer of laccase by an ascomycete, Botryosphaeria sp., when screened on the polymeric dye Poly R-478. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 23, 93- 96.

Barbosa ES, Perrone D, Vendramini ALA and Leite SGF (2008). Vanillin production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on green coconut agro-industrial husk in solid state fermentation. BioResources. 3(4), 1042-1050.

BarLev SS and Kirk TK (1981). Effects of molecular oxygen on lignin degradation. Biochim Biophys Res Commun. 99, 373–378.

Barr DP and Aust SD (1994). Mechanisms white rot fungi use to degrade pollutants. Environmental Science & Technology. 28(2), 78A-87A.

Barrett FM (1987). Phenoloxidases from larval cuticle of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina: characterization, developmental changes, and inhibition by antiphenoloxidase antibodies. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 5, 99–118.

Basu S, Gaur R, Gomes J, Sreekrishnan TR and Bisaria VS (2002). Effect of seed culture on solid state bioconversion of wheat straw by Phanerochaete

chrysosporium for animal feed. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 93(1), 25-30. Batool S, Asgher M, Sheikh MA and Rahman SU (2013). optimization of physical

and nutritional factors for enhanced production of lignin peroxidase by Ganoderma lucidum ibl-05 in solid state culture of wheat straw. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. 23(4), 1166-1176.

Bauer CG, Kuhn A, Gajovic N, Skorobogatko O, Holt PJ, Bruce NC, et al., (1999). New enzyme sensors for morphine and codeine based onmorphine dehydrogenase and laccase. Fresenius' J Anal Chem. 364, 179–83.

Belinky P, Lasser H and Dosoretz C (2005). Methods of producing lignin peroxidase and its use in skin and hair lightening. Patent IPC Class: AA61K896F1 (Rakuto Bio Technologies Ltda.). Origin: Arlington; VA US, USPC Class: 42462.

Bento C, Silva Z, Chen L, Martins P, Lindley and Soares C (2010). BMC Struct. Biol. 10, 28–42.

Benzina O, Frikha F and Zouari-Mechichi H, Woodward S, Belbahri L, Mnif E and Mechichi T (2012). Enhanced decolorization of the azo dye Siriusrose BB by laccase–HBT system. Biotech. 2(2), 149-157.

Berka RM, Grigoriev IV, Otillar R, Salamov A, Grimwood J, Reid I, Ishmael N, John T, Darmond C, Moisan MC et al (2011). Comparative genomic analysis of the thermophilic biomass-degrading fungi. Myceliophthora thermophila and Thielavia terrestris. Nat. Biotechnol. 29, 922–927.

Bermek H, Yazici H, Ozturk H, Tamerler C, Jung H, Li K, Brown KM, Ding H and Xu F (2004). Purification and characterization of manganese peroxidase from

191

wood-degrading fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Enz. Microbiol. Technol. 35, 87-92.

Bertrand T, Jolivalt C, Briozzo P, Caminade E, Joly N, Madzak C and Mougin C (2002). Biochem. 41, 7325–7333.

Bhatti HNand Nawaz S(2009). Production of endoglucanase by Fusarium solani

grown in solid-state fermentation. Asian J.Chem. 21(3), 1943-1948. Biswas R, Sahai V, Mishra S and Bisaria VS (2010). Bioprocess strategies for

enhanced production of xylanase by Melanocarpus albomyces on agro-residual extract. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 111(6), 702-708.

Blanchette RA, Held BW, Jurgens JA, et al., (2004). Wood-destroying soft rot fungi in the historic expedition huts of Antarctica. Appl Environ Microbiol. 70, 1328–35.

Boer GC, Obici L, De Souza CGM and Peralta RM (2006). Purification and some properties of Mn peroxidase from Lentinula edodes. Proc. Biochem. 41, 1203-1207.

Bollag JM and Leonowicz A (1984). Comparative studies of extracellular fungal laccases. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 48(4), 849–854.

Bonnen AM, Anton LH and Orth AB (1994). Lignin degrading enzymes of the commercial button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 60, 960-965.

Bose S, Mazumder S and Mukherjee M (2007). Laccase production by the white-rot fungus Termitomyces clypeatus. J. Basic Microbiol. 47, 127- 131.

Botella C, Diaz A, Ignacio de Ory I, Webb C and Blandino A (2007). Xylanase and pectinase production by Aspergillus awamori on grape pomace in solid state fermentation. Process Biochem. 42(1), 98-101.

Bourbonnais R and Paice MG (1988). Veratryl alcohol oxidases from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Pleurotus sajor-caju. Biochem. J. 255, 445-450.

Boza, A, De la Cruz Y, Jordan G, Jauregui-Haza U, Aleman A and Caraballo I (2000). Statistical optimization of a sustained release matrix tablet of lobenzarit disodium. Drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm. 26, 1303-1307.

Brown A(1985). Review of lignin in biomass. J. Appl. Biochem. 7, 371-387. Bumpus JA and Aust SD (1987). Biodegradation of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-

chlorophenyl) ethane] by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 53(9), 2001-2008.

Burton S (2003). Laccases and phenol oxidases in organic synthesis. Curr Org Chem. 7, 1317-1331.

Buswell, JA and Eriksson KE (1979). Aromatic ring cleavage by the white-rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum. FEBS Lett. 104, 258–260.

Buswell JA, Cai Y and Chang ST (1995). Effect of nutrient nitrogen and manganese on manganese peroxidase and laccase production by Lentinula (Lentinus)

edodes. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 128(1), 81–88. Buswell JA, Eriksson KE (1988a). In: Methods in Enzymology 161, Wood WA and

Kellogg SC (Eds), Academic press, 271-274.

192

Cadisch G and Giller KE (1997). Driven by Nature Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. 33-47.

Cai H, Shi P, Bai Y, Huang H, Yuan T, Yang P, Luo H, Meng K and Yao B (2011). A novel thermoacidophilic family 10 xylanase from Penicillium pinophilum C1. Process Biochem. 46, 2341–2346.

Call HP and Mucke I (1997). History, overview and applications of mediated lignolytic systems, especially laccase-mediator-systems (Lignozym_ process). J. Biotechnol. 53, 163-202.

Camarero S, Ibarra D, Martínez MJ and Martínez AT (2005). Lignin-derived compounds as efficient laccase mediators for decolorization of different types of recalcitrant dyes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71, 1775–1784.

Cambria MT, Ragusa S, Calabrese V and Cambria A (2011). Enhanced laccase production in white-rot fungus Rigidoporus lignosus by the addition of selected phenolic and aromatic compounds. Appl. Biochem. Biotech. 163(3), 415–422.

Caparro s-Ruiz D, Fornale S., Civardi L, Puigdomenech P and Rigau J (2006). Isolation and characterisation of a family of laccases in maize. Plant Sci. 171, 217–225.

Carabajal M, Kellner H, Levin L, Jehmlich N, Hofrichter M, Ullrich R (2013) The secretome of Trametes versicolor grown on tomato juice medium and purification of the secreted oxidoreductases including a versatile peroxidase. J Biotechnol. 168, 15–23

Caramelo L, Martinez MJ and Martinez AT (1999). A search for ligninolytic peroxidases in the fungus Pleurotus eryngii involving α-keto-γ-thiomethylbutyric acid and lignin model dimers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65(3), 916–922.

Carlile MJ, Watkinson SC and Gooday GW (2001). The Fungi. London & San Diego, Academic Press.

Casella L and Marchesini A (1994). The chloroperoxidase catalyzed oxidation of phenols. Mechanism, selectivity and characterization of enzyme substrate complexes. Biochem. 33(21), 6377–6386.

Castanera R, Perez G, Omarini A, Alfaro M, Pisabarro AG, Faraco V, Faraco V, Amore A and Ramírez L (2012). Transcriptional and enzymatic profiling of Pleurotus ostreatus laccase genes in submerged and solid-state fermentation cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78, 4037–4045.

Chabannes M. (2001). In situ analysis of lignins in transgenic tobacco reveals a differential impact of individual transformations on the spatial pattems of lignin deposition at the cellular and subcellular levels. Plant J. 28, 271-282.

Chagas EP and Durrant LR (2001). Decolorization of azo dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus sajorcaju. Enzyme Microb Technol. 29, 473-477.

Champagne PP and Ramsay JA (2005). Contribution of manganese peroxidase and laccase to dye decoloration by Trametes versicolor. Appl. Microb. Biotech. 69(3), 276-285.

193

Chandra R, Singh S, Krishna Reddy MM, et al., (2008). Isolation and characterization of bacterial strains Paenibacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. for kraft lignin decolorization from pulp paper mill waste. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 54, 399–407.

Chang AJ, Fan J and Wen X (2012). Screening of fungi capable of highly selective degradation of lignin in rice straw.Intern Biodeter& Biodegrad. 72, 26-30.

Chauhan B and Gupta R (2004). Application of statistical experimental design for optimization of alkaline protease production from Bacillus sp. RGR-14. Process Biochem. 39, 2115-2122.

Chen H, Xu F and Li Z (2002). Solid-state production of biopulp by Phanerochaete

chrysosporium using steam-exploded wheat straw as substrate. Biores.Tech. 81, 261-263.

Chen BS, Wang YC, Wu WS and Li WH (2005). A new measure of the robustness of biochemical networks. Bioinformatics. 21, 2698–705

Cheng XB, Jia R, Li PS, Tu SQ, Zhu Q, Tang WZ and Li. XD (2007). Purification of a new manganese peroxidase of the white rot fungus Shyzophyllumsp.F17, and decolorization of azo dyes by the enzymes. Enz.Microb.Technol. 41(3), 258-264.

Cherney JH, Anliker KS, Albrecht KA and Wood KV (1989). Soluble phenolic monomers in forage crops. J Agricul Food Chem. 37, 345-350.

Chirumamilla RR, Muralidhar R, Marchant R and Nigam P (2001). Improving the quality of industrially important enzymes by directed evolution. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 224, 159–168.

Choudhary M, Parbodh Chander Sharma and Neelam Garg (2015). Crop residue degradation by autochthonous fungi isolated from cropping system management scenarios. Bioresources. 10(3), 5809-5819.

Christenson A, Dimcheva N, Ferapontova EE, Gorton L, Ruzgas T, Stoica L, Shleev S, Yaropolov AI, Haltrich D, Thornele RNF. and Aust SD (2004). Direct electron transfer between ligninolytic redox enzymes and electrodes. Electroanalysis. 16(13-14), 1074-1092.

Christian VV, Shrivastava R, Novotny C and Vyas BR (2003). Decolorization of sulfonphthalein dyes by manganese peroxidase activity of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FoliaMicrobiol (Praha). 48, 771-774.

Claus H (2004). Laccases: structure, reactions, distribution. Micron. 35, 93-96. Cohen R, Persky L and Hadar Y (2002). Biotechnological applications and potential

of wood-degrading mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 58, 582–594.

Coll PM, Abalos JMF, Villanueva JR, Santamaria R and Perez P (1993). Purification and characterization of Phenoloxidase (Laccase) from the Lignin- Degrading Basidiomycete PM1 (CECT 2971). Appl Environ Microbiol. 59, 2607-2613.

Coninck D, Bouquelet J, Dumortier S, Duyme V, Verdier V and Denantes I (2000). Industrial media and fermentation processes for improved growth and protease production by Tetrahymena thermophila. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24, 285–290.

194

Constam D, Muheim A, Zimmermann W and Fiechter A (1991). Purifi- cation and partial characterization of an intracellular NADH: quinone oxidoreductase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.J. Gen.Microbiol. 137:2209-2214.

Cordova J, Nemmaoui M, Ismaili-Alaoui M, Morin A, Roussos S, et al. (1998). Lipase production by solid state fermentation of olive cake and sugarcane bagasse. J Mol Catal B Enz. 5, 75-78.

Couto R, Lopez SE and Sanroman MA (2006). Utilization of grape seeds for Laccase production in solid-state fermentors. J of Food Engin. 74(2), 263-267.

Couto SR, Barreiro M, Rivela I, Longo MA and Sanroman A (2002a). Performance of a solid-state immersion bioreactor for ligninolytic enzyme production: evaluation of different operational variables. Process Biochem. 38, 219–227.

Couto SR, Dominguez A and Sanroman A (2002b). Production of manganese-dependent peroxidase in a new solid-state bioreactor by Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on wood shavings. Application to the decolorization of synthetic dyes. Folia Microbiol. 47, 417–421.

Couto SR, Feijoo G, Moreira MT and Lema JM (2002c). Evaluation of the environmental conditions for the continuous production of lignin peroxidase by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in fixed-bed bioreactors. Biotechnol.Lett. 24, 791–794.

Couto SR, Rosales E, Gundin M and Sanroman MA (2004). Exploitation of wastes from the brewing industry for laccase production by two Trametes species, Journal of Food Engineering. 64, 423-428,.

Cripps C, Bumpus JA and Aust SD (1990). Biodegradation of azo and heterocyclic dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 56(4), 1114-1118.

Cullen D (1997). Recent advances on the molecular genetics of ligninolytic fungi. J Biotech. 53, 273–89.

Cupul WC, Abarca GH, Carrera DM and Vazquez RR (2014). Enhancement of Ligninolytic Enzyme Activities in a Trametes maxima-Paecilomyces carneus Co-Culture: Key Factors Revealed after Screening Using a Plackett- Burman Experimental Design. Electronic J Biotech, 17, 114-121.

D’Souza-Cruz PB, Freer J, Siika-Aho M and Ferraz A (2004). Extraction and determination of enzymes produced by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora during biopulping of Pinus taeda wood chips. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 34,228-234.

D’Souza-Ticlo D, Sharma D and Raghukumar C (2009). A thermostable metal-tolerant laccase with bioremediation potential from a marine-derived fungus. Marine Biotech. 11(6), 725–737.

Dalfard AB, Khajeh K, Soudi MR, Naderi-Manesh H, Ranjbar B and Sajedi RH (2006). Isolation and biochemical characterization of laccase and tyrosinase activities in a novel melanogenic soil bacterium. Enz. Microb. Techn. 39(7), 1409–1416.

195

Darah I and Ibrahim CO (1996). Correlation between degradation of lignin degrading enzymes and proteolytic activities in submerged cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Mol Bio Biotech, 4, 203 -209.

Das N, Sengupta S & Mukherjee M (1997). Importance of Laccase in vegetative growth of Pleurotus florida. Appl Environ Microbiol. 63, 4120-4122

Dashtban M, Schraft H and Qin W (2009). Fungal bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues; opportunities & perspectives. Int J Biol Sci. 5, 578-595.

Dashtban M, Schraft H, Syed TA and Qin WS (2010). Fungal biodegradation and enzymatic modification of lignin. Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 1, 36-50.

De la Rubia T, Linares A, Perez J, Munoz-DoradoJ, Romera J and Martinez J (2002). Characterization of manganese-dependent peroxidase isoenzymes from the ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete flavido-alba. Res Microbiol. 153. 547-554.

De Souza CGM, Zilly A and Peralta RM (2002). Production of laccase as the sole phenoloxidase by a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius in solid state fermentation. J. Basic Microbiol. 42(2), 83–90.

Demain AL and Adrio JL (2008). Contributions of microorganisms to industrial biology. Mol. Biotechnol. 38, 41–45.

Dhakar K, Kooliyottil R, Joshi A and Pandey A (2015). Simultanious production of ligninolytic enzymes by a temperature and pH tolerant strain of Aspergillus niger under different cultural conditions. Ind. Journal. Biotech. 14, 81-86.

Ding J, Cong J, Zhou J and Gao S (2008). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and extracellular enzyme secretion in agitated and stationary cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Environ Sci. 20, 88–93.

Dittmer NT, Suderman RJ, Jiang H, Zhu Y, Gorman MJ, Kramer KJ and Kanost MR (2004). Characterization of cDNAs encoding putative laccase-like multicopper oxidases and developmental expression in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca

sexta, and the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34, 29-41.

Dodson PJ, Evans CS, Harvey PJ and Palmer JM(1987). Productionand properties of an extracellular peroxidase from Coriolusversicolor which catalyses Cα-Cβ

cleavage in a lignin model compound.FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 42, 17–22. Dominguez A, Couto SR and Sanroman MA (2001a). Amelioration of ligninolytic

enzyme production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in air lift bioreactor. Biotechnol. Lett. 23, 451–455.

Dominguez A, Couto SR and Sanroman MA (2005). Dye decolorization by Trametes

hirsuta immobilized into alginate beads. World J Microbi and Biotech. 21(4), 405–409.

Dominguez A, Rivela I, Couto SR and Sanroman MA (2001b). Design of a new rotating drum bioreactor for ligninolytic enzyme production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on an inert support. Process Biochem. 37, 549–554.

Dong JL, Zhang YW, Zhang RH, Huang WZ, Zhang YZ (2005). Influence of culture conditions on laccase production and isozyme patterns in the white-rot fungus Trametes gallica. J. Basic Microbiol. 45, 190–198.

196

Dorado J, Field JA, Almendros G and Sierra-Alvarez R (2001). Nitrogen-removal with protease as a method to improve the selective delignification of hemp stem wood by the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 57, 205-211.

Doriv Knop, Oded Yarden and Yitzhak Hadar (2015). The ligninolytic peroxidases in the genus Pleurotus: divergence in activities, expression, and potential applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 99,1025–1038.

Duncan DB (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests.Biometrics. 11(1), 1–42. Dungait JAJ, Stear NA, van Dongen BE, Bol R and Evershed RP (2008). Offline

pyrolysis and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of lignin moieties: a new method for determining the fate of lignin residues in soil. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 22, 1631-1639.

Duran N, Ferrer I and Rodriguez J (1987a). Ligniases from Chrysonilia sitophila (TFB-27441 strain). Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 16, 157–167.

Duran N, Rodriguez J, Ferraz,A and CamposV (1987b). Chrysonila sitophila (TFB-27441): a hyperlignolytic strain. Biotechnol. Lett. 9(5), 357–360.

Duran N, Rosa MA, D’Annibale A and Gianfreda L (2002). Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 31, 907

Eggert C, Temp U and Eriksson KEL (1996.). The ligninolytic system of the white rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus: purification and characterization of the laccase. Appl and Environ Microb. 62(4), 1151–1158.

Elisashvili V, Kachlishvili E, Penninckx M (2008b). Effect of growth substrate, method of fermentation, and nitrogen source on lignocellulose-degrading enzymes production by white-rot basidiomycetes. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35, 1531–1538.

Elisashvili V, Kachlishvili E, Penninckx MJ (2008a). Lignocellulolytic enzymes profile during growth and fruiting of Pleurotus ostreatus on wheat straw and tree leaves. J. Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica. 55(2), 157-168.

Elisashvili V, Kachlishvili E, Tsiklauri N, Metreveli E, Khardziani T and Agathos SN (2009). Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme production by white-rot Basidiomycetes isolated from the forests of Georgia. World J.Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25, 331–339.

Elisashvili V, Parlar H, Kachlishvili E, Chichua D, Kvesitadze G (2001). Lignocellulolytic activity of Basidiomycetes grown under submerged and solid-state fermentation on plant raw material. Adv. Food Sci. 23, 117–123.

Elisashvili V, Penninckx M, Kachlishvili E, Asatiani M, Kvesitadze G (2006). Use of Pleurotus dryinus for lignocellulolytic enzymes production in submerged fermentation of mandarin peels and tree leaves. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 38, 998–1004.

Elisashvili V, Kachlishvili E, Khardziani T and Agathos SN (2010). Effect of aromatic compounds on production of laccase and manganese peroxidase by white rot basidiomycetes. J. Industrial. Microb. Biot. 37(10), 1091-1096.

197

Elsayed MA, Mohamed MH, Ali M, Elshafei Bakry MH and Abdelmageed MO (2012). Optimization of Cultural and Nutritional Parameters for the Production of Laccase by Pleurotus ostreatus ARC280. Brit. Biotechnol J. 2, 115-132.

Endo K, Hayashi Y, Hibi T, Hosono K and Ueda K (2003). Enzymological Enzyme Microb. Technol. 39, 1409-1416.

Erden E, Ucar CM, Gezer T and Pazarlioglu NK (2009). Screening for ligninolytic enzymes from autochthonous fungi and applications for decolorization of Remazole Marine Blue. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 40(2), 346-353.

Eriksson KE (1981). Fungal degradation of wood components. Pure & Applied Chemistry 53: 33-43.

Eriksson KEL, Blanchette RA and Ander P (1990). In: Microbial and enzymatic degradation of wood and wood components, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 407.

Eugenio ME, Carbajo JM, Martín JA, Gonzalez AE, Villar JC (2009). Laccase production by Pycnoporus sanguineus under different culture conditions. J Basic Microbiol. 49, 433–40.

Faria-Oliveira F, Carvalho J, Belmiro CL, Ramalho G, Pavao M, Lucas C, Ferreira C (2015). Elemental biochemical analysis of the polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Basic Microbiol. 55(6), 685-94.

Fatima H, ZaherAE and Fadel M(2010). Production of bioethanol via enzymatic saccharification of rice straw by cellulose produced by Trichoderma reesei under solid state fermentation. New York Sci.J. 3(4), 72-78.

Fenice M, Sermanni GG, Federici F and Annibale DA (2003). Submerged and solid-state production of laccase and Mn peroxidase by Panus tigrinus on olive mill wastewater-based media. J. Biotechnol. 100, 77–85.

Ferapontova EE, Shleev S, Ruzgas T, Stoica L, Christenson A, Tkac J, Yaropolov AI and Gorton L (2005). Direct electrochemistry of proteins and enzymes. Perspectives in Bioanalysis. 1, 517-598.

Ferdinandi Patrick, Sungusia Mtui GY, Manoni Mshandete A and Kivaisi AK (2014). Ligninolytic enzymes activities of pleurotus sapidus p969 during vegetative growth and fruit development on sugarcane residues-based substrates. International Journal of Biotechnology, 3(4), 58-71.

Fernández-Fueyo E, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ,Miki Y,MartínezMJ, Hammel KE, Martínez AT (2012). Lignin-degrading peroxidases from genome of selective ligninolytic fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. J Biol Chem. 287, 16309–16916

Fernández-Fueyo E, Castanera R, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, López-Lucendo MF, Ramírez L, Pisabarro AG and Martínez AT (2014). Ligninolytic Peroxidase Gene Expression by Pleurotus ostreatus: Differential Regulation in Lignocellulose Medium and Effect of Temperature and pH. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 72, 150-161.

198

Fernandez-Larrea J and Stahl U (1996). Isolation and characterization of a laccase gene of Podosporaanserina. Mol Gen Genet. 149, 65-70.

Ferraroni M, Myasoedova NM, SchmatchenkoV, Leontievsky AA, Golovleva LA, Scozzafava A and Briganti F (2007). Crystal structure of a blue laccasefrom Lentinus tigrinus: evidences for intermediates in the molecular oxygen reductivesplitting by multicopper oxidases. BMC StructBiol; 7: 60.

Ferrer I, Dezotti M and Duran N (1991). Decolorization of Kraft effluent by free and immobilized lignin peroxidases and horse radish peroxidase. Biotechnology Letters. 13(8), 577-582.

Ferry Y and Leech D (2005). Amperometric detection of catecholamine neurotransmitters using electrocatalytic substrate recycling at a laccase electrode. Electro analysis. 17, 2113–9.

Francis F, Sabu A, Nampoothiri KM, Ramachandran S, Ghosh S and Szakacs G (2003). Use of response surface methodology for optimizing process parameters for the production of α- amylase by Aspergillus oryzae. Biochem. Eng. J. 107-115.

Frankland JC (1992). Mechanisms in fungal succession. The fungal community. GC Carroll, Wicklow, D.T (Eds). New York, Dekker: 383–340.

Gadhe A, Mudliar S, Pandey R, Elumalai S and Satpute D (2011). Statistical optimization of process parameters for the production of vanillic acid by solid-state fermentation of groundnut shell waste using response surface methodology. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 86(12), 1535-1541.

Galhaup C and Haltrich D (2001). Enhanced formation of laccase activity by the white rot fungus Trametes pubescens in the presence of copper. Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol. 56(1-2), 225-232.

Galhaup C, Wagner H, Hinterstoisser B and Haltrich D (2002). Increased production of laccase by the woo-degrading basidiomycete Trametes

pubescens. Enz. Microb. Technol. 30, 529–536. Garon D, Krivobok S, Wouessidjewe D and Seigle-Murandi F (2002). Influence of

surfactants on solubilization and fungal degradation of fluorene. Chemosphere. 47,303–309.

Gassara F et al., (2010). Screening of agro-industrial wastes to produce ligninolytic enzymes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 49, 388–394.

Gianfreda L, Xu F and Bollag J (1999). Laccases: a useful group of oxidoreductive enzymes. Bioremediation Journal. 3, 1–25.

Giardina P, Palmieri G, Fontanella B, Rivieccio V and Sannia G (2000). Manganese peroxidase isoenzymes produced by Pleurotus ostreatus grown on wood sawdust. Arch. Biochem.Biophys. 376(1), 171–179.

Giese EC, Dekker RFH and Barbosa AM (2008). Orange bagasse as substrate for the production of pectinase and laccase by Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 in submerged and solid state fermentation. BioResources. 3(2), 335–345.

199

Gill PK and Arora DS (2003). Effect of culture conditions on manganese peroxidase production and activity by some white rot fungi. Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 30, 28–33.

Giorgio EM, María Isabel Fonseca, Marcos Raúl Tejerina, Ana Belén Ramos-Hryb, Noelia Sanabria, Pedro Darío Zapata and Laura Lidia Villalba (2012). Chips and sawdust substrates application for lignocellulolytic enzymes production by solid state fermentation International Research Journal of Biotechnology. 3(7) , 120-127.

Givaudan A, Effosse A, Faure D, Potier P, Bouillant ML and Bally R (1993). Polyphenoloxidase in Azospirillum lipoferum isolated from rice rhizosphere: evidence for laccase activity in non-motile strains of Azospirillum lipoferum. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 108, 205–210.

Glenn JK and Gold MH (1985). Purification and characterizationof an extracellular Mn(II)-dependentperoxidase from the lignin-degrading basidio mycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. ArchBiochem Biophys; 242: 329-341.

Gold MH, Wariishi H and Valli K (1989). Extracellular peroxidases involved in lignin degradation by the white-rot basidiomycetePhanerochaete

chrysosporium. in Biocatalysts in agricultural biotechnology, edited by J F Whitaker & P E Sonnet (ACS symposium series, Vol. 389, Washington, DC) 127.

Golz-Berner K, Walzel B, Zastrow L and Doucet O (2004). Cosmetic and dermatological preparation containing copper binding proteins for skin lightening. Int Pat Appl. WO2004017931

Gomes E, Aguiar AP, Carvalho CC, Bonfa MRB, Da Silva R and Boscolo M (2009). Ligninases production by Basidiomycetes strains on lignocellulosic agricultural residues and their application in the decolorization of synthetic dyes. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 40(1), 31-39.

Gomez-Toribio V, Martinez AT, Martinez MJ and Guillen F (2001). Oxidation of hydroquinones by the versatile ligninolytic peroxidase from Pleurotus eryngii. H2O2 generation and the influence of Mn2+. Eur. J. Biochem. 268, 4787–4793.

Goni MA, Nelson B, Blanchette RA and Hedges JI (1993). Fungal degradation of wood lignins: geochemical perspectives from CuO-derived phenolic dimers and monomers. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 57, 3985–4002.

Gu L, Lajoie C and Kelly C (2003). Expression of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase gene in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Prog. 19, 1403-1409.

Guisado G, Lopez MJ, Vargas Garcia C, Suarez-Estrella F and Moreno J (2012). Psuedallescheria angusta, a ligninolytic microorganism for wood fibres biomoification. BioResources. 7(1), 464-474.

Haglund C (1999). Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds by the white-rot fungus Trametes trogii. Molecular Biotechnology Programme, Uppsala University School of Engineering, 30 p.

200

Harazono K, Kondo R and Sakai K (1996). Bleaching of Hardwood Kraft Pulp with Manganese Peroxidase from Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 without Addition of MnSO(inf4). Appl Environ Microbiol. 62, 913-917.

Hariharan S and Padma Nambisan (2013). Optimization of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and lac production from Ganodermalucidum under solid state fermentation of pineapple leaf. Bioresource. 8(1), 250-271.

Hashemian S, Dadfarnia S, Nateghi MR and Gafoori F (2008 ). Sorption of acid red 138 from aqueous solutions onto rice bran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(5), 600–605.

Hastrup ACS, Howell C, Larsen FH, et al., (2012). Differences in crystalline cellulose modification due to degradation by brown and white rot fungi. Fungal Biol. 116, 1052–63.

Hatakka A (2001). Biodegradation of lignin. In: Hofrichter M, and Steinbüchel A, (Eds.). Biopolymers.Biology, chemistry, biotechnology, applications.Vol 1.Lignin, humic substances and coal.Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. Pp. 129-180.

Hatakka AI(1983). Pretreatment of wheat straw by white-rot fungi for enzymatic saccharification of cellulose. Eur.J.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol. 18, 350-357.

Hattori M, Konishi H, Tamura Y, Konno K and Sogawa K (2005). Laccase typephenoloxidase in salivary glands and watery saliva of the green rice leaf hopper, Nephotettix cincticeps. J. Insec. Physiol. 51(12), 1359–1365.

Hatvani N and Mecs I (2001). Production of laccase and manganese peroxidase by Lentinus edodes on malt containing by-product of the brewing process. Process Biochem. 37, 91-496.

Hatvani N and Mecs I (2002). Effect of nutrient composition on dye decolorization and extracellular enzyme production by Lentinus edodes on solid medium. Enz. Microb. Technol. 30(3), 381-386.

HendriksATWM and Zeeman G(2009). Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. BioresourceTechnology. 100, 10-18.

Hibbett DS and Thorn RG (2001). Basidiomycota: Homobasidiomycetes. The mycota VII. Part B: systematics and evolution. D. J. McLaughlin, McLaughlin, E. G. and Lemke, P. A. Berlin, Germany, Springer: 121–168.

Hickman GW, Perry EJ (2010). Wood decay fungi in landscape trees. Universityof California.4pp.UCANRPublication74109.http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/.

Higuchi T (2004). Microbialdegradationof lignin: Role of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase. Proc.Jpn.Acad., Ser.B. 80, 204-211.

Hilden KS, Bortfeldt R, Hofrichter M, Hatakka A and Lundell TK (2008). Molecular characterization of the basidiomycete isolate Nematoloma frowardiib 19 and its manganese peroxidase places the fungus in the corticioid genus Phlebia. Microbiology. 154, 2371-2379.

Hoegger PJ, Navarro-Gonzalez M, Kilaru S, Hoffmann M, Westbrook ED and Kues U (2004). The laccase gene family in Coprinopsis cinerea (Coprinus cinereus).

201

Current Genetics. 45,9–18. Holker U, Holker M and Lenz J (2004). Biotechnological advantages of laboratory-

scale solid-state fermentation with fungi. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 64, 175-186.

Hoshino F, Kajino T, Sugiyama H, Asami O and Takahashi H (2002). Thermally stable and hydrogenperoxide tolerant manganese peroxidase (MnP) from Lenzites betulinus. FEBS Lett. 530, 249-252.

Hou H, Zhou J, Wang J, Du C and Yan B (2004). Enhancementof laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus and its use for thedecolorization of anthraquinone dye. Process Biochemistry. 39(11), 1415–1419.

Hu G, Heitmann JA and Rojas OJ (2008). Feedstock pretreatment strategies for producing ethanol from wood, barkand forest residues. BioResources. 3, 270-294.

Hublik G and Schinner F (2000). Characterization and immobilization of the laccase from Pleurotus ostreatusand its use for continuous elimination of phenolic pollutants. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 27, 330–336.

Huttermann A, Hamza AS, Chet, Majcherczyk A, Fouad T, Badr A, Cohen R, Persky L, Hadar Y (2000). Recycling of agricultural wastes by white-rot fungi for the production of fodder for ruminants. Agro-Food Ind. Hi-Tech. 29-32.

Hye JJ, Dae SL and Donghee P (2008). Optimization of key process variables for enhanced hydrogen production by Enterobacter aerogenes using statistical methods. Bioresour. Technol. 99(6), 2061-2066.

Ikehata K, Buchanan ID and Smith DW (2004). Recent development in the production of extracellular fungal peroxidases and laccases for waste treatment. J. Environ. Eng. Sci.3, 1–19.

Intra A, Nicotra S, Riva S, Daniel B (2005). Significant and unexpected solvent influence on the selectivity of laccase-catalyzed coupling of tetrahydro-2-naphthol derivatives. Adv Synth Catal. 347, 973-977,

Iqbal HMN, Asgher M and Bhatti HN (2011). Optimization of physical and nutritional factors for synthesis of lignin degrading enzymes by a novel strain of Trametes versicolor. BioResources. 6, 1273-1278.

Iwahara K, Hirata M, Honda Y, Watanabe T and Kuwahara M (2000). Free-radical polymerization of acrylamide by manganese peroxidase produced by the white-rot basidiomycete Bjerkandera adusta. Biotechnology Letters. 22(17), 1355-1361.

Jegatheesan M, Senthilkumaran M and Eyini M (2012). Enhanced production of laccase enzyme by the white-rot mushroom fungus pleurotus florida using response surface methodology. International Journal of Current Research.4(10), 025-031.

Jager A, Croan S and Kirk TK (1985). Production of ligninases and degradation of lignin in agitated submerged cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 50, 1274–1278.

202

Jahromi MF, Liang JB, Rosfarizan M, Goh YM, Shokryazdan P and Ho YW (2011). Efficiency of rice straw lignocelluloses degradability by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 74135 in solid-state fermentation. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10(21), 4428-4435.

Jaouani A, Tabka MG and Penninckx MJ (2006). Lignin modifying enzymes of Coriolopsis polyzona and their role in olive oil mill wastewaters decolourisation. Chemosphere. 62, 1421–1430.

Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Ruzgas T and Gorton L (2004). Use of laccase-modified electrode for amperometric detection of plant flavonoids. Enzyme Microb Technol. 35, 238–41.

Johannes TW and Zhao H (2006). Directed evolution of enzymes and biosynthetic pathways. Curr.Opin.Microbiol. 9, 261–267.

Johnson EA (2013). Biotechnology of non-Saccharomyces yeasts- the ascomycetes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 97, 503–517.

Junyao He, Xuanyi Ye, Qingzhi Ling and Lihui Dong (2014). Enhanced production of an acid-tolerant laccase by cultivation of Armillariella tabescens. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 6(1),240-245.

Kaal EEJ, De Jong E and Field JA (1993). Stimulation of ligninolytic peroxidase activity by nitrogen nutrients in the white rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59(12), 4031–4036.

Kaal JEE, Field AJ and Joyce WT (1995). Increasing ligninolytic enzyme activities in several white-rot basidiomycetes by nitrogen-sufficient media. Bioresour. Technol. 53, 133–139.

Kachlishvili E, Penninckx MJ, Tsiklauri N and Elisashvili V (2006). Effect of nitrogen source on lignocellulolytic enzyme production by white-rot basidiomycetes under solid-state cultivation. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 22, 391–397.

Kadam AA, Telke AA, Jagtap SS and Govindwar SP (2011). Decolorization of adsorbed textile dyes by developed consortium of Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 and Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146 under solid state fermentation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 189(1-2), 486–494.

Kahraman SS and Gurdal IH (2002). Effect of synthetic and natural culture media on laccase production by white rot fungi. Bioresour.Technol. 82, 215–217.

Kammoun R, Naili B and Bejar S (2008). Application of a statistical design to the optimization of parameters and culture medium for amylase production by Aspergillus oryzae CBS 819.72 grown on gruel (wheat grinding by-product). Bioresour. Technol. 99(13), 5602-5609.

Kanwal HK and Reddy MS (2011). Effect of carbon, nitrogen sources and inducers on ligninolytic enzyme production by Morchella crassipes. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27, 687-691.

Kapdan IK and Kargi F (2002). Biological decolourization of textile dye stuff containing waste water by Coriolus versicolor in a rotating biological connector. Enzyme Microb Techol. 27, 195-199.

203

Kapich AN, Prior BA, Botha A, Galkin S, Lundell T and Hatakka A (2004). Effect of lignocellulose-containing substrate on production of ligninolytic peroxidases in submerged cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME-446. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 34, 187-195.

Karam J and Nicell JA (1997). Potential application of enzymes in waste treatment. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 69, 141–153.

Karp SG, Vincenza Faraco, Antonella Amore, Luiz Alberto Junior Letti, Vanete homaz Soccol and Carlos Ricardo Soccol (2015). Statistical Optimization of Laccase Production and Delignification of Sugarcane Bagasse by Pleurotus

ostreatus in Solid-State Fermentation. BioMed Research International. 2015, 8 pages.

Karunanandaa K and Varga GA (1996). Colonization ofrice strawby white-rot fungi (Cyathusstercoreus): Effect on ruminal fermentation pattern, nitrogen metabolism, and fiber utilization during continuous culture. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 61, 1-16.

Kasinath A, Novotny C, Svobodova K, Patel KC and Saseck V (2003). Decolorization of synthetic dyes by Irpex lacteus in liquid cultures and packed-bed bioreactor. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 32(1), 167-173.

Keller F, Hamilton J and Nguyen Q (2003). Microbial pretreatment of biomass. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 105-108, 27-41.

Kelley RL and Reddy CA (1986). Purification and characterisation of glucose oxidase from lignolytic cultures of P. chrysosporium. J. Bacteriol. 166, 269-274.

Kersten P and Dan Cullen (2006). Extracellular oxidative systems of the lignin-degrading Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium.Fungal Genetics and Biology. 44, 77–87.

Kersten PJ and Kirk TK (1987). Involvement of a new enzyme, glyoxal oxidase, in extracellular H2O2 production by P. chrysosporium. J. Bacteriol. 169, 2195-2202.

Khuri AI and Cornell JA (1987). Response Surfaces: Design and Analysis. Marcel Dekker, New York.

Kim S and Dale BE (2004). Global potential bioethanol production from wasted crops and crop residues. Biomass and Bioenergy. 26, 361-375.

Kiran A, Ali S, AsgherM and AnwarF(2012). Comparative study on decolorization of reactive dye 222 by white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium IBL-03.Afr.J.Microbiol.Res. 6(15), 3639-3650.

Kirk TK and Chang HM(1981). Potential applications of bio-ligninolytic systems. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 3, 189-196.

Kling SH and Neto JSA (1991). Oxidation of methylene blue by crude lignin-peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Biotechnol, 21 295.

Kluczek-Turpeinen B, Tuomela M, et al. (2003). Lignin degradation in a compost environment by the deuteromycete Paecilomyces inflatus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 61, 374–9.

Koller G, Möeder M and Czihal K (2000). Peroxidative degradation of selected PCB: A mechanistic study. Chemosphere, 41(12), 1827-1834.

204

Koroljova-Skorobogat’Ko OV, Stepanova EV, Gavrilova VP, Morozovaa OV, Lubimova NV, Dzchafarova AN, Jaropolov AI and Makower A (1998). Purification and characterization of the constitutive form of laccase from the basidiomycetes Coriolus hirsutus and effect of inducers on laccase synthesis. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 28, 47-54.

Krishna Prasad K, Subba Rao Chaganti, Venkata Mohan S and Sarma PN (2011). Solid state fermentation of laccase from new pulse husks: process optimization and bioprocess study. International Journal of Innovations in Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2, 22-34.1

Kumar A and Singh S (2013). Directed evolution: Tailoring biocatalysis for industrial application. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol.33, 365–378.

Kumar CG and Takagi H (1999). Microbial alkaline proteases: From a bioindustrial viewpoint. Biotechnol. Adv. 17, 561–594.

Kurek B, Petit-Conil M, Sigoillot JC, Herpoel I, Ruel K, Moukha S, Joseleau JP, Pennincks M, Asther M, Gazza G and De Choudens C (2001). Treatment of high-yield pulp with fungal peroxidases: from laboratory to pilot scale study. In: Argyropoulos, D., ed. ACS symposium series 785, Oxidative delignification chemistry, fundamental and catalysisAmerican Chemical Society, Washington DC, chapter 30, 785, 474-486.

Kurisawa M, Chung JE, Uyama H, Kobayashi S (2003). Laccase-catalyzed synthesis and antioxidant property of poly(catechin). Macromol Biosci. 3, 758-764.

Kuwahara M, Glenn JK, Morgan MA and Gold MH (1984). Separation and characterization of two extracellular H2O2- dependent oxidases from ligninolytic cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS Letters. 69(2), 247-250.

Kuznetsov BA, Shumakovich GP, Koroleva OV, Yaropolov AI (2001). On applicability of laccase as label in the mediated and mediatorless electroimmunoassay: effect of distance on the direct electron transfer between laccase and electrode. Biosens. Bioelectron. 16, 73–84.

Kwok S, Kellogg DE, McKinney N, Spasic D, Goda L, Levenson C and Sninsky JJ (1990). Effects of primer-template mismatches on the polymerase chain reaction: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 model studies. Nucleic Acids Research. 18, 999–1005.

Kwon SI and Anderson AJ (2001). Differential production of superoxide dismutase and catalase isozymes during infection of wheat by a Fusarium proliferatum-like fungal isolate. Physiology Molecular Plant Pathology. 58, 73–81.

Labbe S and Thiele DJ(1997). Pipes and wiring: the regulation of copper uptake and distribution in yeast. Trends Microbiol.7, 500-505.

Lang G and Cotteret J (1999). Hair dye composition containing a laccase. (L'Oreal, Fr.). Int Pat Appl WO9936036. Aaslyng D, Rorbaek K, Sorensen NH, (29.11.1996). An ezyme for dying keratinous fibres. Int Pat Apl WO9719998.

Lankinen VP, Bonnen AM, Anton LH, Wood DA, Kalkkinen N, Hatakka A and Thurston CF (2001). Characteristics and N-terminal amino acid sequenceof

205

manganese peroxidase from solid substrate cultures of Agaricus bisporus. Appl MicrobiolBiotechnol; 55, 170-176.

Leatham GF and Kent Kirk T (1983). Regulation of ligninolyticactivity by nutrient nitrogen in white-rot basidiomycetes FEMS Microbiology Letters. 16(1), 65–67.

Lee CK, Darah I and Ibrahim CO (2011). Production and optimization of cellulase enzyme using USM AI 1 and comparison with Trichoderma reesei via solid state fermentation system Biotechnol.Res.Int. 2011, 6 pp.

Lee JW, Lee SM, Hong EJ, Jeung EB, Kang HY, Kim MK and Choi IG (2006). Estrogenic reduction of styrene monomer degraded by Phanerochaete

chrysosporium KFRI 20742. The Journal of Microbiology. 44(2), 177-184. Lee KH, Wi SG, Singh AP and Kim YS (2004). Micromorphological characteristics

of decayed wood and laccase produced by the brown-rot fungus Coniophora

puteana,”Journal of Wood Science, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 281–284,. Leifa F, Andra TS, Ashok P and Carlos RS (2007). Effect of nutritional and

environmental conditions on production of exopolysaccharide of Agaricus

brasiliensis by sub-merged fermentation and its antitumor activity. LWT Journal. 40, 30-35.

Leisola MSA and Fietcher A (1985). In: Advances in biotechnological processes, Mizrahi, A. and Van Wezel, A. L. (Eds.), Alan R. Liss, NewYork, pp. 59-89.

Leite OD, Lupetti KO, Fatibello-Filho O, Vieira IC and de Barbosa AM (2003). Synergic effect studies of the bi-enzymatic system laccase peroxidasein a voltammetric biosensor for catecholamines. Talanta. 59, 889–96.

Leonowicz A, Cho NS, Luterek J, Wilkolazka A, Wotjas-Wasilewska M, Matuszewska A, Hofrichter M, Wesenberg D and Rogalski J (2001). Fungal laccase: properties and activity on lignin. J Basic Microbiol. 41, 185–227.

Lesage-Meessen L, Delattre M, Haon M, Thibault JF, Ceccaldi BC, Brunerie P and Asther M (1996). A two-step bioconversion process for vanillin production from ferulic acid combining Aspergillus nigerand Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Journal of Biotechnology, 50, no. 2-3, p. 107-113.

Levin L, Hermann C and Papinutti VL (2008). Optimization of lignocellulolytic enzyme production by the white-rot fungus Trametes trogii in solid-state fermentation using response surface methodology. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 39(1), 207-214.

Levin L, Melignani E and Ramos AM (2010). Effect of nitrogen sources and vitamins on ligninolytic enzyme production by some white-rot fungi. Dye decolorization by selected culture filtrates. Bioresour. Technol. 101,4554–4563.

Li H, Liang WQ, Wang ZY, Luo N, Wu XY, Hu JM, Lu JQ, Zhang XY, Wu PC and Liu YH (2006). Enhanced production and partial characterization of thermostable a galactosidase by thermotolerant Absidia sp. WL511 in solid state fermentation using response surface methodology.World J. Microbiol.Biotechnol. 22(1), 1-7.

Li K, Xu F and Erikssen KEL (1999). Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65, 2654.

206

Lisdat F, Wollenberger U, Makower A, Hortnagl H, Pfeiffer D,Scheller FW. Catecholamine detection using enzymatic amplification (1997). Biosens Bioelectron. 12, 1199–211.

Lisov AV, Leontievsky AA and Golovleva LA. Hybrid Mn-peroxidase from the ligninolytic fungus Panus tigrinus 8/18 (2003). Isolation, substrate specificity, and catalytic cycle .Biochemistry (Mosc). 68, 1027-1035.

Litvintseva AP and Henson JM. Cloning, characterization, and transcription of three laccase genes from Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici, the take-all fungus (2002). Appl Environ Microbiol. 68, 1305-11.

Liu L, Dean JFD, Friedmann WE and Eriksson KE (1994). A laccase-like phenoloxidase is correlated with lignin biosynthesis in Zinnia elegans stem tissue. Plant J. 6, 213-224.

Lo ASC, Ho YS and Buswell JA (2001). Effect of phenolic monomers on the production of laccases by the edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju and partial characterization of a major laccase component. Mycologia. 93, 413-421.

Lomascolo A, Stentelaire C, Asther M and Lesage-Meessen L (1999). Basidiomycetes as new biotechnological tools to generate natural aromatic flavours for the food industry.Trends in Biotechnology. 17(7), 282-289.

Lotfy WA, Ghanem KM and El-Helow ER (2007). Citric acid production by a novel Aspergillus niger isolate: II. Optimization of process parameters through statistical experimental designs. Bioresour. Technol. 98(18), 3470-3477.

Lowry OM, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL and Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with Folin Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.

Lu SXF, Jones CL and Lonergan GT (1996). Correlation between fungal morphology and laccase expression under the influence of cellobiose induction. Proceedings of the 10thInternational Biotechnology Symposium and 9th International Symposium on Yeasts, Sydney, Australia,.

Lundell T, Leonowicz A, Rogalski J and Hatakka A (1990). Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 56, 2623-2629.

Lundquist K, Kirk TK and ConnorsWJ(1977). Fungal degradation of kraft lignin

and lignin sulfonates prepared from synthetic 14C-lignins. Arch.Microbiol. 112, 291-296.

Mabrouk AM, Kheiralla ZH, Hamed ER, Youssry AA, Abd El Aty AA (2010). Screening of some marine derived fungal isolates for lignin degrading enzymes production. Agric and Biol J. North Am Publ. line, pp. 2151-7525.

Machado CM, Oishi BO, Pandey A and Soccol CR (2004). Kinetics of Gibberella

fujikori Growth and Gibberellic Acid Production by Solid State Fermentation in a Packed-Bed Column Bioreactor. Biotechnology Progress. 20, 1449-1453.

Machczynski MC, Vijgenboom E, Samyn B, Canters GW (2004). Characterization of SLAC: a small laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor with unprecedented activity. Protein Sci. 13 (9): 2388–2397.

207

Machuca A and Ferraz A (2001). Hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes produced by white- and brown-rot fungi during Eucalyptus randis decay in solid medium. Enzyme Microb Technol. 29, 386–91.

Maijala P, Mettãlã A, Kleen M, Westin C, Poppius-Levin K, Herranen K, Lehto JH, Reponen P, Mãentausta O and Hatakka A (2007). Treatment of softwood chips with enzymes may reduce refining energy consumption and increase surface charge of fibers. In: 10th International Congress on Biotechnology in the

Pulp and Paper Industry. Madison Wisconsin, Book of Abstracts. p. 65. Makala MR, Lundell T, Hatakka A and Hilden K (2013). Effect of copper, nutrient

nitrogen, and wood-supplement on the production of lignin-modifying enzymes by the white-rot fungus Phlebia radiata. Fungal Biology. 117(1), 62-70.

Mayer AM and Staples RC (2002). Laccase: new functionsfor an old enzyme. Phytochemistry. 60, 551-565.

Maza M, Pajot HF and Amoroso MJ (2014). Post-harvest sugarcane residue degradation by autochthonous fungi. Int. Biodeterior. 87, 18-25.

McCaig BC, Meagher RB, Dean JFD (2005). Gene structure and molecular analysis of the laccase-like multicopper oxidase (LMCO) gene family in Arabidopsis

thaliana. Planta. 221, 619–636. Mc Michel, Jr FC, Dass BS Grulke EA and Reddy AC (1991). Role of manganese

peroxidases and lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in decolorization of kraft bleach plant effluent. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 57(8), 2368-2375.

Messerschmidt A and Huber R (1990).The blue oxidases, ascorbate oxidase, laccase and ceruloplasmin. Modelling and structural relationships. Eur J Biochem. 187, 341-352.

Mester TA and Field AJ (1997). Optimization of manganese peroxidase production by the white rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 155, 161–168

Mikiashvili N, Elisashvili V, Wasser S and Nevo E (2005). Carbon and nitrogen sources influence the ligninolytic enzyme activity of Trametes versicolor. Biotechnol. Lett. 27, 955–959.

Mikiashvili N, Wasser SP, Nevo E and Elisashvili V (2006). Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on Pleurotus ostreatus ligninolytic enzyme activity. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 22, 999–1002.

Minussi RC, Pastore GM and Duran N (2002). Potential applications of laccase in the food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol. 13, 205–16.

Mishra A and Kumar S (2007). Cyanobacterial biomass as N- supplement to agrowaste for hyper production of laccase from pleurotus ostreatus in solid state fermentation. Process biochem. 42 (4), 681-685.

Mishra A, Kumar S, Pandy AK (2011). Laccase production and simultaneous decolorization of synthetic dyes in unique in expensive medium by new isolates of white rot fungus. Intl. Biodeterior. Biodegradation. 65(3), 487-493.

208

Monteiro MC and De Carvalho MEA (1998). Pulp bleaching using laccase from Trametes versacolor under high temperature and alkaline conditions. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 70–72, 983.

Montgomery DC (1991). Design and Analysis of Experiments. 3rd ed., Wiley, New York.

Moon SH and Parulekar SJ A (1991). Parametric study of protease production in batch and fedbatch cultures of Bacillus firmus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 37, 467-483.

Morais H, Ramos C, Forgacs E, CserhatiT and Oliviera J (2001). Lignin-modifying enzymes of Pleurotus ostreatus grown on agroresidues. Acta Aliment. 30(4): 363–372.

Moreira MT, Feijoo G and Lema JM (2000). Manganese peroxidase production by Bjerkandera sp. BOS55. 1. Regulation of enzymatic production. Bioprocess Eng. 23: 657–661.

Moreira MT, Feijoo G, Canaval J and Lema JM (2003). Semipilot-scale bleaching of Kraft pulp with manganese peroxide. Wood Science and Technology. 37(2), 117-123.

Moreira MT, Torrado A, Feijoo G and Lema JM (2000). Manganese peroxidase production by Bjerkandera sp. BOS55. 2. Operation in stirred tank reactors. Bioprocess Eng. 23: 663–667.

Morozova OV, Shumakovich GP, Gorbacheva MA, Shleev SV, Yaropolov AI. Blue Laccases(2007). J. Biochem. 72(10), 1136-1150.

MosierN, Wyman C, Dale B, Elander R, Lee YY, Holtzapple M and Ladisch M(2005). Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. BioresourceTechnology. 96, 673-686.

Motomura K, Toyomasy T, Mizuno K, shinozawa T (2003). Purification and characterization of an aflatoxin degradation enzyme frompleurotus ostreatus. Microbiol. Res. 158, 237-242.

Muheim A, Leisola MSA, Schoemaker HE, Waldner R, Sanglard D, Reiser J (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. 195:369-375.

Munir N, Asghar M, Tahir IM, Riaz M, Bilal M and Ali Shah SM (2015). Utilization of agrowastes for production of ligninolytic enzymes in liquid state fermentation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium-ibl-03. Internat. Journal.Chem.biochem.Sci. 7, 9-14.

Muralidhar RV, Marchant R and Nigam P (2001). Lipases in racemic resolutions. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 76, 3-8.

Nadeem A, Baig S and Sheikh N (2014). Mycotechnological production of laccase

by pleurotus ostreatus- p1 and its inhibition study. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 24(2), 492-502.

Nandal P, Ravella SR and Kuhad RC (2013). Laccase production by Coriolopsis

caperataRCK2011: optimization under solid state fermentation by Taguchi methodology. Sci Rep. 3, 1-7.

209

Ncanana S, Baratto L, Roncaglia L, Riva S, Burton SG (2007). Laccase mediated oxidation of totarol. AdvSynth Catal. 349, 1507-1513.

Neifar M, Jaouani A, Kamoun A, Ellouze-Ghorbel R, Ellouze-Chaabouni S (2011). Decolorization of Solophenyl Red 3BL Polyazo Dye by Laccase-Mediator System: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology. Enzyme Res (2011), 179050.

Nicell JA (2001). Environmental applications of enzymes. Interdiscip. Environ. Rev. 3(1), 14–41.

Nicotra S, Cramarossa MR, Mucci A, Pagnoni UM, Riva S, Forti L (2004). Biotransformation of resveratrol: synthesis of trans-dehydrodimers catalyzed by laccases from Myceliophtora thermophyla and from Trametes pubescens. Tetrahedron. 60, 595-600.

Niku-Paavola ML, Raaska L and Itavaara M (1990). Detection of white rot fungi by a non-toxic stain. Mycological Research. 94, 27-31.

Niladevi KN and Prema P (2008). Effect of inducers and process parameters on laccase production by Streptomyces psammoticusand its application in dye decolourisation. Biores Technol. 99,4583–4589.

Niladevi KN, Sukumaran RK, Jacob N, Anisha GS and Prema P (2009). Optimization of laccase production from a novel strain-Streptomyces

psammoticus using response surface methodology.Microbiol. Res., 164(1), 105-113.

Nishida A and Eriksson K-E (1987). Formation, purification, and partial characterisation of methanol oxidase, a H202-producing enzyme in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 9, 325- 338.

Nyanhongo GS, Gomes J, ubitz GG, Zvauya R, Read JS and Steiner W (2002). Production of laccase by a newly isolated strain of Trametes modesta. Bioresource Technology. 84(3), 259–263.

Ohtsubo Y, Kudo T, Tsuda M and Nagata Y (2004). Strategies for bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 65(3), 250-258.

Okamoto K, Ito Y, Shigematsu I, Yanagi SO, Yanase H (2003). Cloning and characterization of a laccase gene from the white-rot basidiomycete Pleurotus

ostreatus. Mycoscience. 44, 11–7. Okano K, Ohkoshi N, Nishiyama A, Usagawa T and Kitagawa M(2009). Improving

the nutritive value of madake bamboo, Phyllostachysbambusoides, forruminants by culturing with the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 152, 278-285.

Ozmen N and Yesilada O (2012). Valorization and biodecolorization of dye adsorbed on lignocellulosics using white rot fungi. Bio.Res. 7(2), 1656-1665.

Pallavi H, Viswanath, B and Rajasekhar Reddy B (2011). Text book on decolourization of dyes by fungi. 1-144, Lambert Academic Publishing GmBH & Co. KG, Deutschland, Germany, ISBN: 978-3-846-53034-4.

210

Palma C, Martinez AT, Lema JM and Martinez MJ (2000). Different fungal manganese-oxidizing peroxidases: a comparison between Bjerkandera sp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Biotechnol. 77, 235-245.

Palmieri G, Giardina P, Bianco C, Fontallella B and Sannina G (2000). Copper induction of laccase isoenzymes in the lignolytic fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Appl Environ Microbiol.66, 920-924.

Pandey A, Selvakumar P, Soccol CR and Nigam P (1999). Solid-state fermentation for the production of industrial enzymes. Curr. Sci.77, 149–162.

Papinutti VL, Mouso N and Forchiassin (2006). Removal and degradation of the fungicide dyemalachite green fromaqueous solution using the system wheat bran—Fomes sclerodermeus. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 39(4), 848–853.

Papinutti VL and Forchiassin F (2007). Lignocellulolytic enzymes from Fomes

sclerodermeus growing in solid-state fermentation. J. Food Eng. 8, 54-59. Papinutti VL, Diorio LA and Forchiassin F (2003). Production of laccase and

manganese peroxidase by Fomes sclerodermeus grown on wheat bran. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30, 157–160.

Park PK, Cho D H, Kim EY and Chu KH (2005). Optimization of carotenoid production by Rhodotorula glutinis using statistical experimental design. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 21, 429-434.

Patel H, Gupte A and Gupte S (2009). Effect of different cultural conditions and inducers on production of laccase by a basidiomycete fungal isolate Pleurotus

ostreatus HP-1 under solid state fermentation. Bioresource. 4, 268-284. Patient D, Dhiliwayo-Chiunzi, Ruvimbo Rwafa, Lydia Mugayi, et al., (2015).

Screening and evaluation of ligninolytic dye dye decolourisation capacity of Pleurotus ostreatus. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences. 6(3), 165.

Patil Sarvamangala R (2014). Production and purification of lignin peroxidise from bacillus megaterium and its application in bioremediation. J.CIB. TEC Journal of Microbiology. 3(1), 22-28.

Paszczynski A, Van-Ba Huynh and Crawford R (1985). Enzymatic activities of an extracellular, manganesedependent peroxidase from Phanerochaete

chrysosporium. FEMS Microbiol. Letters. 29, 37-41. Pclczar MJ, Chan ECS, Kring NR (2004). Microbiology. 5th Ed, Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing Co Ltd, New Delhi, India. Pearl IW (1967). The Chemistry of Lignin. Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York. 339. Peng X and Chen H (2008). Single cell oil production in solid-state fermentation by

Microsphaeropsis sp. from steam-exploded wheat straw mixed with wheat bran. Bioresour. Technol. 99, 3885– 3889.

Pezzella C, Lettera V, Piscitelli A, Giardina P and Sannia G (2012). Transcriptional analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus laccase genes. Applied Microbiology and

Biotechnology. 97(2), 705-717.

211

Pickard M and Hashimoto A (1988). Stability and carbohydrate composition of chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago grown in a fructose–salts medium. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 34 (8), 998-1002.

Pilz R, Hammer E, Schauer F and Krag U (2003). Laccase catalyzed synthesis of coupling products of phenolic substrates in different reactors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 60, 708-712.

PlacidoJ and Capareda S (2015). Ligninolytic enzymes: a biotechnological alternative for bioethanol production. Bioresources and Bioprocessing. 2, 23

Piontek K, Antorini M and Choinowski T (2002). Crystal Structure of a Laccase from the FungusTrametes versicolor at 1.90-Å Resolution Containing a Full Complement of Coppers. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 37663-37669.

Pointing SB (1999). Qualitative methods for the determination of lignocellulolytic enzymeproduction by tropical fungi. Fungal Diversity. 2, 17-33.

Pointing SB (2001). Feasibility of bioremediation by white-rot fungi. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 57(1-2), 20-33.

Pointing SB, Jones EBG and Vrijmoed LLP (2000). Optimization of laccase production by Pycnoporus sanguineus insubmerged liquid culture. Mycologia. 92(1), 139–144.

Pollegioni L, Fabio Tonin and Elena Rosini (2015). Lignin degrading enzymes. FEBS Journal. 282, 1190–1213.

Prakasham RS, Subba Rao C and Sarma PN (2006). Green gram husk: an inexpensive substrate foralkaline protease production by Bacillus sp. in solid-state fermentation. Bioresour Technol. 97,1449-1454

Prasher IB and Chauhan R (2013). Factors for the growth, ligninolytic enzymes and tartaric acid production of Grammothele fuligo. CIBTech Journal of Biotechnology. 2(4), 65-71.

Praveen K, Viswanath B, Usha KY, Pallavi H, Venkata Subba Reddy G, Naveen M and Rajasekhar Reddy B (2011). Lignolytic enzymes of a Mushroom Stereum

ostrea Isolated from Wood Logs. Enzyme Research 1, 1-6. Praveen K, Usha KY, Viswanath B and Rajasekhar Reddy B (2012). Kinetic

properties of manganese peroxidase by a Mushroom - Stereum ostrea and its ability to decolorize dyes. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 22(11), 1541-1549.

Praveen K, Usha KY, Kanderi Dileep, Sake Pradeep and Rajasekhar Reddy B (2015). Bio-Bleaching of Remazol brilliant blue-19 by Stereum ostrea. 3Biotech. 5:983–990.

Puri S, Beg QK and Gupta R (2002). Optimization of alkaline protease production from Bacillus sp. by response surface methodology. Curr. Microbiol. 44, 286–290

Quaratino D, Federici F, Petruccioli M, Fenice MD and Annibale (2007). Production, purification and partial characterization of a novel laccase from the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus CBS577.79.Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Intl. J. Gene Mol. Microbiol. 91, 57-69.

212

Qumar Yasmeen, Muhammad Asgher, Munir A Sheikh and Haq Nawaz (2013). Optimization of ligninolytic enzymes production through Response Surface Methodology. Bioresources. 8(1), 944-968.

Radha KV, Regupathi I, Arunagiri A, Murugesan T (2005). Decolorization studies of synthetic dyes using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and their kinetics. Proc. Biochem. 40, 3337-3345.

Raghukumar C, Raghukumar S, Chinnaraj A, Chandramohan D, D'Souza TM and Reddy CA (1994). Laccase and other lignocellulose modifying enzymes of marine fungi isolated from the coast ofIndia. Botanica Marina. 37, 515-523.

Rahman SHA, Choudhury JP and Ahmad AL (2006). Production of xylose from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber using sulfuric acid. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 30, 97-103.

Raimbault M (1998). General and microbiological aspects of solid substrate fermentation. Electron. J.Biotechnol. 1(3), 1-15

Rameshaiah and Jagadish Reddy ML (2015). Applications of Ligninolytic Enzymes from a White-Rot Fungus Trametes versicolor. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology. 5 (1), 1-7.

Reddy GV, Babu PR, Komaraih P, Roy KRRM and Kothari IL (2003). Utilization of banana waste for the production of lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by solid substrate fermentation using two Pleurotus species (P. ostreatus and P.

sajor-caju). Process Biochem. 38, 1457–1462. Reddy N and Yang Y(2005). Biofibersfrom agricultural byproductsfor industrial

applications. TrendsinBiotechnology. 23, 22-27. Reid ID(1989). Solid-state fermentations for biological delignification. Enzyme and

Microbial Technology. 11, 786-803. Reinhammar B (1984) Laccase. Copper proteins and copper enzymes, vol 3. CRC

Press, Boca Raton, 1–35. Revankar M, Desai S and Lele KM (2007). Solid-state fermentation for enhanced

production of laccase using indigenously isolated Ganoderma sp. Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol. 143, 16-26.

Richardson A and McDougall GJ (1997). A laccase-type polyphenol oxidase from lignifying xylem of tobacco. Phytochemistry. 44, 229–235.

Riva S (2006). Laccases: blue enzymes for green chemistry. Trends in Biotechnology. 24(5), 219–226.

Rivela I, Couto SR and Sanroman A (2000). Extracellular ligninolytic enzyme production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a new solid-state bioreactor. Biotechnol.Lett. 22, 1443–1447.

Robinson T, Singh D and Nigam P (2001). Solid-state fermentation: a promising microbial technology for secondary metabolite production. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 55, 284-289.

Robles-Hernandez L, Gonzales-Franco AC, Crawford DL and Chun WWC (2008). Review of environmental organopollutants degradation by white-rot basidiomycete mushrooms. Tecnociencia Chihuahua. 2(1), 32-39.

213

Rodriguez Couto S, Rosales E, Gundin M and Sanroman MA (2004). Exploitation of a waste from the brewing industry for laccase production by two Trametes

species. Journal of Food Engineering. 64,, 423-428. Rodrıguez-Couto S, Osma JF and Toca-Herrera JL (2009). Removal of synthetic

dyes by an eco-friendly strategy. Engineering in Life Sciences. 9(2), 116–123. Rohrmann S and Molitoris HP (1992). Screening for wood-degrading enzymes in

marine fungi. Canadian Journal of Botany. 70, 2116-2123. Rosales E, Couto SR and Sanroman A (2002). New uses of food waste: application

to laccase production by Trametes hirsuta. Biotechnol.Lett. 24, 701–704. Roure M, Delattre P and Froger H (1992). Composition for an enzymic coloration of

keratin fibres, especially for hair and its usein a dyeing process. Eur Pat Appl EP0504005.

Ruiz-Duenas FJ, Martinez MJ and Martinez AT (1999a). Molecular characterization of a novel peroxidase isolated from the ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus eryngii. Mol. Microbiol. 31(1), 223– 235.

Ruiz-Duenas FJ, Martinez MJ and Martinez AT (1999b). Heterologous expression of Pleurotus eryngii peroxidase confirms its ability to oxidize Mn2+ and different aromatic substrates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65(10), 4705–4707.

Ruttimann JC, Salas L, Vicuna R and Kirk TK (2008). Extracellular enzyme production and synthetic lignin mineralization by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 1792-1797.

Ryan S, Schnitzhofer W, Tzanov T, Cavaco-Paulo A, Gubitzl GM (2003). An acid-stable laccase from Sclerotium rolfsii with potential for wool dye decolourization. Enzyme Microbiol. Technol. 33, 766- 774.

Sabu A, Pandey A, Daud MJ and SzakacsG(2005). Tamarind seed powder and palmkernel cake: Two novel agro residues for the production of tannase undersolid state fermentation by Aspergillusniger ATCC 16620. Biores.Technol. 96, 1223-1228.

Saif Ur Rehman, Muhammad, Ilgook Kim, Naim Rashid, Malik Adeel Umer, Muhammad Sajid, and Jong‐In Han (2015). Adsorption of Brilliant Green Dye on Biochar Prepared From Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Plant Waste. Clean–Soil, Air, Water. doi: 10.1002/clen.201300954.

Sanchez C (2009). Lignocellulosic residues: Biodegradation and bioconversion by fungi. Biotechnology Advances. 27(2), 185-194.

Sanchez O, Sierra R, Almeciga-Diaz CJ (2011). Delignification process of agro-industrial wastes an alternative to obtain fermentable carbohydrates for producing fuel, alternative fuel. In: Manzanera M, ed. InTech. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/alternative-fuel/

Sanchez-Lafuente C, S Furlanetto and M Fernandez-Arevalo (2002). Didanosine extended-release matrix tablets: Optimization of formulation variables using statistical experimental design. Int J. Pharm. 237: 107-118.

Saqib Hussain Hadri, Muhammad Javaid Asad, Muhammad Gulfraz , Muhammad Asghar , Nasir Mahmood Minha, Raja Tahir Mahmood, Shehnaz Zakia and Nasir Mahmood (2015). Solid State Fermentation for the production of

214

Laccase by Neurospora sitophila using agro-wastes and its partial purification. International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 4 (5), 564-573.

Sarkanen KV and Ludwig CH (1971). Lignin: Occurrence, Formation, Structure and Reactions. ed. Sarkanen, K.V. and C.H. Wiley-Interscience: New York. 916 pp.

Sasikumar E, Viruthagiri T (2008). Optimization of process conditions using response surface methodology (rsm) for ethanol production from pretreated sugarcane bagasse: kinetics and modeling. Bioenerg Res. 1,239–247

Sato Y, Wuli B, Sederoff R, Whetten R (2001). Molecular cloning and expression of eight laccase cDNAs in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). J Plant Res. 114,147–155.

Schilling JS, Ai J, Blanchette RA, et al., (2012). Lignocellulose modifications by brown rot fungi and their effects, as pretreatments, on cellulolysis. Bioresour Technol. 116, 147–54.

Schliephake K, Mainwaring DE, Lonergan GT, Jones IK and Baker WL (2000). Transformation and degradation of the diazo dye Chicago Sky Blue by a purified laccase from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 27, 100–107.

Schwarze FWMR (2004). Forest Pathology: Heart Rot and Wood Decay. Encylopedia of Forest Sciences. J. Burley, Evans, J., Youngquist, J., Elsevier Science 4, 808–816.

Schwarze FWMR (2007). Wood decay under the microscope. Fungal Biology Reviews 21, 133-170.

Schwarze FWMR and Baum S (2000). Mechanisms of reaction zone penetration by decay fungi in wood of beech (Fagus sylvatica). New Phytologist. 146, 129-140.

Scott GM, AkhtarM, Swaney RE and Houtman CJ(2002). Recent development in bioplping technology at Madison Wisconsin. In: Viikari L, Lantto R (eds) Progress in biotechnology, vol 21. Biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry: eighth ICBPPI meeting. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 61–72.

Selinheimo E, Kruus K, Buchert J, Hopia A, Autio K (2006). Effects of laccase, xylanase and their combination on the rheological properties of wheat doughs. J Cereal Sci. 43, 152–9.

Selvaraj B, Sanjeevirayar B and Rajendran A (2015). Laccase production using mixed substrates containing lignocellulosic materials by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged liquid culture. International Journal of ChemTech Research. 7(1), 355-368.

Sen TK, Afroze S and Ang HM (2011). Equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption onto pine cone biomass of Pinus radiate. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 218( 1–4), 499–515.

Shaheen I, Bhatti, HN and Ashraf T (2008). Production, purification and thermal characterisation of invertase from a newly Isolated Fusariumsp. Under solid-state fermentation.Intl.J.Food Sci.Technol. 43(7), 1152-1158.

Sharma KB and Arora DS (2011). Biodegradation of paddy straw obtained from different geographical locations by means of Phlebia sp. for animal feed. Biodegradation. 22, 143-152.

215

Sharma RK and Arora DS (2010). Production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and enhancement of in vitro digestibility during solid state fermentation of wheat straw by Phlebia floridensis.Bioresour. Technol. 101(23), 9248-9253.

Shi J, Chinn M and Sharmashivappa R (2008). Microbial pretreatment of cotton stalks by solid state cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Bioresource Technology. 99, 6556-6564.

Shiba T, Xiao L, Miyakoshi T, Chen CL (2000). Oxidationof isoeugenol and coniferyl alcohol catalysed by laccase isolated from Rhus vernicifera Stokes and Pycnoporus coccineus.J Mol CatalEnzym.10: 605-615.

Shin KS (2004). The role of enzymes produced by white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus in the decolorization of the textile industry effluent. The Journal of Microbiology. 42(1), 37-41.

Shin KS and Lee YJ (2000). Purification and characterization of a new member of laccase family from the white-rot basidiomycete Coriolus hirsutus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 384, 109-115.

Shleev SV, Morozova OV, Nikitina OV, Gorshina ES, Rusinova TV, Serezhenkov VA, Burbaev DS, Gazaryan IG and Yaropolov AI (2004). Comparison of physico-chemical characteristics of four laccases from different basidiomycetes. Biochimie 86, 693-703.

Shulter ML and Kargi F (2000). Bioprocess Engineering Basic Concept, Parentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, India.

Sigoillot C, Camarero S, Vidal T, Record E, Asther M, Perez-Boada M, Martínez MJ, Sigoillot JC, Asther M Colom JF and Martínez ÁT (2005). Comparison of different fungal enzymes for bleaching high-quality paper pulps. Journal of Biotechnology. 115(4), 333-343.

Sindhu R, GN Suprabha and S Shashidhar (2009). Optimization of process parameters for the production of a-amylase from Penicillium janthinellum (NCIM 4960) under solid state fermentation. African J. Microbiol. Res. 3, 498- 503.

Singh H (2006). Mycoremediation: Fungal Bioremediation.A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. 357- 375.

Singh SK, Dodge J, Durrani MJ and MA Khan (1995). Optimization and characterization of controlled release pellets coated with experimental latex: I. Anionic drug. Int. J. Pharm. 125, 243-255.

Sjostrom E (1993). Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Application. Academic Press: Orlando. 293 pp.

SnajdrJ and Baldrian P(2007).Temperature affects the production, activity and stability of ligninolytic enzymes in Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. Folia Microbiologica. 52, 498-502.

Solis-Pereyra S, Favela-Torres E, GutiérrezRojas M, Roussos S, Saucedo-Castaneda G, Gunasekaran P and Viniegra-Gonzalez G (1996). Production of pectinases by Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation at high initial glucose concentrations. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12, 257- 260

216

Songulashvili G, Elisashvili V, Wasser SP, Nevo E, Hadar Y (2007). Basidiomycetes laccase and manganese peroxidase activity in submerged fermentation of food industry wastes. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 41, 57–61.

Soni SK, Goyal N, Gupta JK and Soni R(2012). Enhanced production of amylase from Bacillussubtilissub sp.spizizenii insolid state fermentation by response surface methodologyand its evaluation in the hydrolysis ofrawpotato starch. Starch. 64(1), 64-77.

Soto AM, Justicia H, Wray JW and Sonnens Chein C (1991). p-nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from modified polystyrene. Environmental Health Perspectives. 92(1), 167-173.

Spiker JK, Crawford DL and Thiel EC (1992). Oxidation of phenolic and non-phenolic substrate by the lignin peroxidase of Streptomyces viridosporus T7A. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 37, 518–523.

Stajic M, Persky L, Hadar Y, Friesem D, Duletic Lausevic S, Wasser SP, Nevo E (2006). Effect of copper and manganese ions on activities of laccase and peroxidase in three Pleurotus species grown on agricultural wastes. Applied Biochemical and Biotechnology. 168, 87-96.

Steffen KT, Hofrichter M and Hatakka A (2000). Mineralisation of 14 C-labelled synthetic lignin and ligninolytic enzyme activities of litter-decomposing basidiomycetous fungi. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54: 819–825.

Sterjiades R, Dean JF, Eriksson KE (1992). Laccase from Sycamore Maple (Acer

pseudoplatanus) Polymerizes Monolignols.Plant Physiol. 99(3), 1162-8.

Stoilova I, Krastanov A and Stanchev V (2010). Properties of crude laccase from Trametes versicolor produced by solid-substrate fermentation. Adv. Biosci. Biotechnol. 1, 208–215.

Strong PJ (2011). Improved laccase production by Trametes pubescens MB89 in distillery wastewaters. Enzyme Research. 379176.1-379176.8.

Suderman RJ, Dittmer NT, Kanost MR, Kramer, KJ (2006). Model for insect cuticle sclerotization: Cross-linking of recombinant cuticular proteins upon their laccase-catalyzed oxidative conjugation with catechols. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. 36(4), 353-365.

Sundaramoorthy M, Kishi K, Gold MH and Poulos TL (1994). The crystal structure of manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium at 2.06-angstrom resolution. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269, 32759-32767.

Sukarta IN and Sastrawidana IDK (2014). The use of agricultural waste to increase the production of ligninolytic enzymes by fungus Polyporus spp. Open access library journal. 1, e642.

Sung-Kwon H, Chung E, Oh J, Lee C and Ahn I(2008). Optimized production of lignolytic manganese peroxidase in immobilized cultures of Phanerochaete

chrysosporium. Biotechnol. Bioproc. Eng. 13(1), 108-114. Suzuki T, Endo K, Ito M, Tsujibo H, Miyamoto K, Inamori YA (2003). Thermostable

laccase from Streptomyces lavendulae REN-7: purification, characterization,

217

nucleotide sequence and expression. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67, 2167–2175.

Taherzadeh MJ and Karimi K(2008). Pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste to improve ethanol and biogas production. Int.J.Mol.Sci. 9, 1621-1651.

Taylor TN and Osborne JM (1996). The importance of fungi in shaping the paleoecosystem. Rev Paleobot Palyn. 90, 249–262.

Thurston CF(1994). The structure and function of fungal laccases. Microbiology140, 19–26.

Tien M and Kirk TK (1988). Wood,” in Methods in Enzymology: Biomass, Part B : Lignin, Pectin, and Chitin, A. Willis and T. Scott, Eds., vol. 161, pp. 238–249, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif, USA.

Tien M and KirkTK (1983). Lignin-degrading enzyme from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium burds. Science. 221, 661-663.

Tien M and Kirk TK (1998). Lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chyrosprium. Methods Enzyme. 161, 238–248.

Tijani IDR, Jamal, P, Alam Z and Mirghani E (2011). Lignin modifying enzyme activities by some Malaysian white rot fungi. ACT-Biotechnol.Res.Comm. 1(1), 14-19.

Toh Y, Yen JJY, Obbard JP, Ting Y (2003). Decolourisation of azo dyes by white rot fungi (WRF) isolated in Singapore. Enzyme Microb Technol. 33, 569–575.

Tong P, Hong Y, Xiao Y, Zhang M, Tu X and Cui T (2007). High production of laccase by a new basidiomycete. Biotechnology Letters. 29(2), 295–301.

Tripathi A and Gupte A (2015). Optimization for Laccase Production in Solid State Fermentation Using Fungal Isolate Agaricomycetes sp AGAT and its Role in Degradation of Pyrene. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology. 3(6), 781-793.

Tripathi M, MishraKAS, Misra AS, Vaithiyanathan S, Prasad R and Jakhmola RC (2008). Selection white rot basidiomycetes for bioconversion of mustard (Brassicacompestris) straw under SSF into energy substrate for rumen microorganism. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 46(3), 364-370.

Trupkin S, Levin L, Forchiassin F, Viale A (2003). Optimization of culture medium for ligninolytic enzyme production and synthetic dye decolourization using response surface methodology. Journal of industrial microbiology Biotechnology. 30, 682-690.

Tunga R, Banerjee R and Bhattacharya BC (1999). some studies on optimization of extraction process for protease for production in SSF. Bioprocess Engineering. 20, 485-489.

Tychanowicz GK, Zilly A, de Souza CGM and Peralta RM (2004). Decolourisation of industrial dyes by solid-state cultures of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Process Biochemistry. 39( 7), 855–859.

Ullah EA, Kadhim H, Rastall RA and Evans CS (2000). Evalualtion of solid substrates for enzyme production by Coriolus versicolr, for use in bioremediation of chlorophenols in aqueous effluents. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54, 832–837.

218

Vaithanomsat P, Apiwatanapiwat W, Petchoy O and Chedchant J (2010). Production of ligninolytic enzymes by white-rot fungus Datronia sp. kapi0039 and their application for reactive dye removal. Int. J. Chemical. Engin. 6 pages doi:10.1155/2010/162504.

Vikineswary S, Noorlidah Abdullah , Renuvathani M, Sekaran M , Pandey A, Jones EBG (2006). Productivity of laccase in solid substrate fermentation of selected agro-residues by Pycnoporus sanguineus. Bioresource Technology. 97, 171–177.

Viswanath B, Chandra MS, Praveen Kumar K, Pallavi H and Reddy BR (2008). Fungal Laccases and Their Biotechnological Applications with Special Reference to Bioremediation (Invited review). Dynamic Biochemistry, Process Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 2(1), 1-13.

Viswanath B, Rajesh B, Janardhan A, Praveen A and Narasimha G (2014). Fungal laccases and their applications in Bioremediation. Enzyme Research. 2014, 21 pages.

Vrsanska M, Buresova A, Damborsky P and Adam V (2015). Influence of different inducers on ligninolytic enzyme activities. Journal of Metallomics and Nanotechnologies. 3, 64—70.

Wan C and Li Y (2010). Microbial delignification of corn stover Ceriporiopsis

subvermispora for improving cellulose digestibility. Enzyme. Microb. Technol. 47, 31-36.

Wang GD, Li QJ, Luo B, Chen XY (2004). Ex planta phytoremediation of trichlorophenol and phenolic allelochemicals via an engineered secretory laccase. Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 893–897

Wang P, Hu X, Cook S, Begonia M, Lee KS, Hwang HM (2008a). Effect of culture conditions on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC 20696) and separation of its lignin peroxidase. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24, 2205–2212.

Wang Q, Ma H, Xu W, Gong L, Zhang W and Zou D (2008b). Short communication: ethanol production from kitchen garbage using response surface methodology. Biochem. Eng. J. 39, 604– 610.

Wang X, Li D, Watanabe T, Shigemori Y, Mikawa T, Okajima T, Mao LQ, Ohsaka TA (2012). glucose/o-2 biofuel cell using recombinant thermophilic enzymes. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.7, 1071–1078.

Wang XS and Chen JP (2009). Biosorption of Congo red from aqueous solution using wheat bran and rice bran—batch studies. Separation Science and Technology. 44(6), 1452–1466.

Wang Y, Vazquez-Duhalt R and Pickard MA (2001). Effect of growth conditions on the production of manganese peroxidase by three strains of Bjerkandera adusta. Can. J. Microbiol. 47, 277–282.

219

Wang Y, Vazquez-Duhalt R and Pickard MA (2002). Purification, characterization, and chemical modification of manganese peroxidase from Bjerkandera adusta UAMH 8258. Curr Microbiol. 45: 77-87.

Wasenberg D, Kryriakides I and Agathos SN (2003). White-rot fungi and their enzymes for the treatment of industrial dye effluents. Biotechnology Advances. 22(1-2), 161-187.

Wati L, Dhamija SS, Singh D, Nigam P and Marchant R (1996). Characterisation of genetic control of thermotolerance in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol.16, 19-26.

Watling R (1995). Assessment of fungal diversity—macromycetes, the problems. Canadian Journal of Botany. 73, S15–S24.

Welinder KG (1992). Superfamily of plant, fungal and bacterial peroxidases. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2, 388-393.

Wen X, Jia X and Li J (2010). Enzymatic degradation of tetracycline and Oxytetracyclin by crude manganese peroxidase prepared from Phanerochaete

chrysosporium. Journal of Hazardous Material. 177 (1-3), 924-928. Wen X, Jia Y and Li J (2009). Degradation of tetracycline and oxytetracycline by

crude lignin peroxidase prepared from Phanerochaete chrysosporium-a white rot fungus. Chemosphere. 75(8), 1003-1007.

Wenster-Botz D (2000). Experimental design for fermentation media development: Statistical design or global random search. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 90, 473-483.

Wesenberg D, Kyriakides I and Agathos SN (2003). White-rot fungi and their enzymes for the treatment of industrial dye effluents. Biotechnol Adv. 22, 161-187.

Westermark, D and Eriksson K. E (1974a) Acta Chem. Scand. Ser. B. 28, 204-214. Wong DW (2009). Structure and action mechanism of ligninolytic enzymes. Appl

Biochem Biotechnol. 157, 174-209. Xavier AMRB, Evtuguin DV, Ferreira RMP and Amado FL (2001). Laccase

production for lignin oxidase activity. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Biotechnology, Helsinki, Finland,.

Xiao YZ, Hong YZ, Li JF, Hang J, Tong PG, Fang W and Zhou CZ (2006). Cloning of novel laccase isozyme genes from Trametes sp. AH28-2 and analyses of their differential expression. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 71,493-501.

Xu F (1996). Oxidation of phenols, anilines, and benzenethiols by fungal laccases, correlation between activity and redox potentials as well as halide inhibition. Biochemistry. 35, 7608-7614.

Xu F, Chen H and Li Z (2001). Solid-state production of lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP)by Phanerochaete chrysosporium using steam-exploded straw assubstrate. Bioresource Technology. 80, 149-151.

Xu H, Scott GM, Jiang F and Kelly C (2010). Recombinant manganese peroxidase (rMnP) from Pichia pastoris. Part 1: Kraft pulp delignification. Holzforschung. 64, 137–143.

220

Yaghoubi K, Pazouki M and Shojaosadati SA(2008). Variable optimization for biopulping of agricultural residues by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Bioresource Technology. 99, 4321-4328.

Yamanaka R, Soares CF, Matheus DR, Machado KMG (2008). Lignolytic enzymes produced by Trametes villosa CCB176 under different culture conditions. Braz. J. Microbiol. 39, 78-84.

Yamazaki HI (1969). The cuticular phenol oxidase in Drosophila virilis. J Insect Physiol.15, 2203–2211.

Yamazaki HI (1972). Cuticular phenol oxidase from the silkwonn, Bombyx mori: properties, solubilization, and purification. Insect Biochemistry. 2(8), 431–444.

Yaropolov AI, Skorobogatko OV, Vartanov SS, Varfolomeyev SD (1994). Laccase: Properties, catalytic mechanism and applicability. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 49, 257–280.

Yaver DS and Golightly EJ (1996). Cloning and characterization of three laccase genes from the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes villosa: genomic organization of the laccase gene family. Gene. 181, 95–102.

Yaver DS, Xu F, Golightly EJ, Brown KM, Brown SH, Rey MW, et al. (1996). Purification, characterization, molecular cloning, and expression of two laccase genes from the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes villosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.62 , 834-841.

Zabel RA andMorrell JJ (1992). Wood Microbiology: Decay and its Prevention. San Diego: Academic Press.

Zadrazil F, KarmaDN, Isikuemhen OS and Schuchardt F (1999). Bioconversion of lignocellulose into ruminant feed with whiterot fungi. J.Appl.Anim.Res. 10(2), 105-124.

Zadrazil F and Punia AK (1995). Studies on the effect of particle size on solid state fermentation of sugar cane bagasse into animal feed using white rot fungi. Biores. Technol. 54, 85-97.

Zahamatkesh M, Tabandeh F, Ebrahimi S (2010). Biodegradation of synthetic dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungi; Application in a fluidized bed bioreactor. Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 7(5), 277- 282.

Zhang BB and Cheung PC (2011). A mechanistic study of the enhancing effect of Tween 80 on the mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production by Pleurotus tuber-regium. Bioresour. Technol.102, 8323–8326.

Zhang, SB and Wu ZL(2011). Identification of amino acid residues responsible for increased thermostability of feruloyl esterase A from Aspergillus niger using the PoPMuSiC algorithm. Bioresour. Technol. 102, 2093–2096.

Zhou S and Ingram LO (2000). Synergistic hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose and acid-swollen cellulose by two endoglucanases (CelZ and CelY) from Erwinia chrysanthemi. J Bacteriol. 182, 5676-5682.

Zhu L, O’DwyerJP, Chang VS, Granda CB and Holtzapple MT (2008). Structural features affecting biomass enzymatic digestibility. BioresourceTechnology. 99, 3817-3828.

Zilly A, Bazanella GCD and Helm CV (2011). Solid state bioconversion of passion

221

fruit waste by white rot fungi for production of oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes. Food Bioprocess Technol. (Published on line; Doi 10.1007/s11947-011-0532-8).

Zorn H, Langhoff S, Scheibner, M, Nimtz M and Berger RG (2003). A peroxidase from Lepista irina cleaves β,β-Carotene to flavor compounds. Biological Chemistry. 384(7), 1049-1056.