Graduate Practice Report Supervisor:Assoc.Prof.Nguyn Mnh Cng
Graduate Practice Report Supervisor:Assoc.Prof.Nguyn Mnh Cng
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
VIN C KH
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THESISRESEARCH, CALCULATE AND DESIGN AUDI R8
Supervisor:Assoc. Prof. Nguyn Mnh Cng
Author:Nguyn Hu Bin - 20100
Tt Thnh - 20100632
Class:MEC Advanced Program K55
Hanoi, March 2015 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE THESIS Searching finite
element method Builiding car model on Solidwork software
Simulating automobile crash using Ansys software
SCIENCE MEANINGS OF THESIS
Research and develop SolidWork software application for creating
3D objects Calculate the strength, deformation some components of
automobile This thesis has a great practical significance (air flow
surrounding automobiles, stress-strain in the automotive
crankshaft..), then research other specific parts and manufacture
car completely.
Contents
1HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1VIN C KH
1Supervisor:
1Assoc. Prof. Nguyn Mnh Cng
1Author:
1Nguyn Hu Bin - 20100
1 Tt Thnh - 20100632
1Class:
1MEC Advanced Program K55
ABSTRACT Today, Vietnam is developing quickly and changing step
by step. In near future, Vietnam will become a developed industrial
country. So, industry is a main sector for developing country. To
serve for the economic development in the direction of
industrialization and modernization, the main sectors and
industries that create benefit will develop unlimited. Manufacture
automobile is one of these industries. The research and calculation
to give the simple and reasonable design based on the best tools
and highly applicable such as AutoCAD , SolidWorks which has
brought good results , support directly to the ongoing development
of the automobile manufacturing industry of the world in general
and Vietnam in particular.
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION1.1 Reasons for choosing topic During the
renovation period, our country has policy to build a foundation of
industrialization and modernization of the country. Therein, the
automotive industry is developed firstly. But today the industry
automobile manufacturing is underdeveloped. The automotive products
in the country is mainly assembled from components that imported
from abroad. To produce mass cars, firstly we need to study in
detail, technical precision, technology working principle of
detailed components, then proceed to study the working principles
of the statics and dynamics of cars. Our country does not have an
overall computational studies on this issue. Therefore, the topic
RESEARCH, CALCULATE AND DESIGN AUDI R8 was offered with specific
goals to make a reasonable design for automotive. The topic can
solve following terms:
Apply SolidWork in building 3D automotive model
Research Ansys software to simulate deformation1.2 Application
in VietNam This topic brings not only great senses with studying
but also in practical sense. It gives basic views about studying,
calculating and designing automobiles. Based on these specific
studies, we will avoid the mistakes, errors when we put them into
production
1.3 Necessary Method in Calculation of Automobile1.3.1 Finite
Element Method
a. Introduction
Inmathematics, thefinite element method(FEM) is anumerical
techniquefor finding approximate solutions toboundary value
problemsforpartial differential equations. It uses subdivision of a
whole problem domain into simpler parts, called finite elements,
andvariational methodsfrom thecalculus of variationsto solve the
problem by minimizing an associated error function. Analogous to
the idea that connecting many tiny straight lines can approximate a
larger circle, FEM encompasses methods for connecting many simple
element equations over many small subdomains, named finite
elements, to approximate a more complex equation over a
largerdomain.b. Basic conceptThe subdivision of a whole domain into
simpler parts has several advantages: Accurate representation of
complex geometry Inclusion of dissimilar material properties Easy
representation of the total solution Capture of local effects.
A typical work out of the method involves (1) dividing the
domain of the problem into a collection of subdomains, with each
subdomain represented by a set of element equations to the original
problem, followed by (2) systematically recombining all sets of
element equations into a global system of equations for the final
calculation. The global system of equations has known solution
techniques, and can be calculated from theinitial valuesof the
original problem to obtain a numerical answer.
In the first step above, the element equations are simple
equations that locally approximate the original complex equations
to be studied, where the original equations are often partial
differential equations(PDE). To explain the approximation in this
process, FEM is commonly introduced as a special case ofGalerkin
method. The process, in mathematical language, is to construct an
integral of theinner productof the residual and the weight
functions and set the integral to zero. In simple terms, it is a
procedure that minimizes the error of approximation by fitting
trial functions into the PDE. The residual is the error caused by
the trial functions, and the weight functions arepolynomial
approximation functions that project the residual. The process
eliminates all the spatial derivatives from the PDE, thus
approximating the PDE locally with A set ofalgebraic
equationsforsteady stateproblems
A set ofordinary differential equationsfortransientproblems.
These equation sets are the element equations. They arelinearif
the underlying PDE is linear, and vice versa. Algebraic equation
sets that arise in the steady state problems are solved
usingnumerical linear algebramethods, while ordinary differential
equation sets that arise in the transient problems are solved by
numerical integration using standard techniques such asEuler's
methodor theRunge-Kuttamethod.
In step (2) above, a global system of equations is generated
from the element equations through a transformation of coordinates
from the subdomains' local nodes to the domain's global nodes. This
spatial transformation includes appropriateorientation
adjustmentsas applied in relation to the referencecoordinate
system. The process is often carried out by FEM software
usingcoordinatedata generated from the subdomains.
FEM is best understood from its practical application, known
asfinite element analysis (FEA). FEA as applied inengineeringis a
computational tool for performingengineering analysis. It includes
the use ofmesh generationtechniques for dividing acomplex
probleminto small elements, as well as the use ofsoftwareprogram
coded with FEM algorithm. In applying FEA, the complex problem is
usually a physical system with the underlyingphysicssuch as
theEuler-Bernoulli beam equation, theheat equation, or
theNavier-Stokes equationsexpressed in either PDE orintegral
equations, while the divided small elements of the complex problem
represent different areas in the physical system.
c. FEA is a good choice for analyzing problems over complicated
domains (like cars and oil pipelines), when the domain changes (as
during a solid state reaction with a moving boundary), when the
desired precision varies over the entire domain, or when the
solution lacks smoothness. For instance, in a frontal crash
simulation it is possible to increase prediction accuracy in
"important" areas like the front of the car and reduce it in its
rear (thus reducing cost of the simulation). Another example would
be innumerical weather prediction, where it is more important to
have accurate predictions over developing highly nonlinear
phenomena (such astropical cyclonesin the atmosphere, oreddiesin
the ocean) rather than relatively calm areas.
d. Classication of Mechanical Elements Primitive Structural
Elements
These resemble fabricated structural components. The qualier
primitive distinguishes them from macroelements, which is another
element class described below. Primitive means that they are not
decomposable into simpler elements. These elements are usually
derived from Mechanics-of-Materials simplied theories and are
better understood from a physical, rather than mathematical,
standpoint. Examples are the elements: bars, cables, beams, shafts,
spars.
Fig 1.1: Structural elements Continuum Elements
These do not resemble fabricated structural components at all.
They result from the subdivision of blobs of continua, or of
structural components viewed as continua. Unlike structural
elements, continuum elements are better understood in terms of
their mathematical interpretation. Examples: plates, slices,
shells, axisymmetric solids, general solids.
Figure 1.2: Continuum element Special Elements
Special elements partake of the characteristics of structural
and continuum elements. They are derived from a continuum mechanics
standpoint but include features closely related to the physics of
the problem. Examples: crack elements for fracture mechanics
applications, shear panels, innite and semi-innite elements,
contact and penalty elements, rigid-body elements.
Figure 1.3: Special element Macroelements are also called mesh
units and super elements, although the latter term overlaps with
substructures (dened below). These often resemble structural
components, but are fabricated with simpler elements. The main
reason for introducing macroelements is to simplify preprocessing
tasks. For example, it may be simpler to dene a regular 2D mesh
using quadrilaterals rather than triangles. The fact that, behind
the scene, the quadrilateral is actually a macroelement may not be
important to most users. Similarly a box macroelement can save
modeling times for structures that are built by such components;
for example box-girder bridges
Figure 1.4: Macroelemente. Flow Chart for Finite Element
Analysis
Typically a complete finite element analysis flow chart should
have the steps:
Create 3D CAD Model:Use any of the 3D CAD modeling tools
likeProE,Catia, and solid Edgeetc. for creating the 3D geometry of
the part/assembly of which want to perform FEA. Clean Up the 3D CAD
Model:Some features of the 3D CAD geometry may not be that
important for the FEA but increase the complexity of meshing
drastically.
Save the 3D CAD Geometry in Neutral Format:Save the 3D CAD
geometry inneutral format like IGES, STEPetc. Though some of the
FEA packages allow importing the CAD geometry directly from some of
the 3D CAD packages. For example, the ProE geometry can be directly
imported to Ansys.
Importing 3D CAD geometry to FEA Package:Start the FEA package
and import the CAD geometry into the FEA package.
Meshing:Meshing is a critical operation in FEA. In this
operation, the CAD geometry is divided into large numbers of small
pieces. The small pieces are called mesh. The analysis accuracy and
duration depends on the mesh size and orientations. With the
increase in mesh size, the finite element analysis speed increase
but the accuracy decrease.
Solve:In this step the FEA package must solve the problem for
the defined material properties, boundary conditions and mesh
size.
Post Processing:View the results of the solution in this step.
The result can be viewed in various formats: graph, value,
animation etc.
Fig 1.5 Typical Flow Chart For FEA Analysis
1.3.2 Research stress material calculation on SolidWork
Simulation
a- Finite Element Analysis
Efficiently optimize and validate each design step using
fast-solving, CAD integratedSOLIDWORKS Simulationto ensure quality,
performance, and safety.
Tightly integrated with SOLIDWORKS CAD,SOLIDWORKS Simulation
solutionsandcapabilitiescan be a regular part of your design
processreducing the need for costly prototypes, eliminating rework
and delays, and saving time and development costs.
SOLIDWORKS Simulation uses the displacement formulation of the
finite element method to calculate component displacements,
strains, and stresses under internal and external loads. The
geometry under analysis is discretized using tetrahedral (3D),
triangular (2D), and beam elements, and solved by either a direct
sparse or iterative solver. SOLIDWORKS Simulation also offers the
2D simplification assumption for plane stress, plane strain,
extruded, or axisymmetric options. SOLIDWORKS Simulation can use
either an h or p adaptive element type, providing a great advantage
to designers and engineers as the adaptive method ensures that the
solution has converged. For shell meshing, SOLIDWORKS Simulation
offers a productive tool, called the Shell Manager, to manage
multiple shell definitions of your part or assembly document. It
improves the workflow for organizing shells according to type,
thickness, or material, and allows for a better visualization and
verification of shell properties.
Integrated with SOLIDWORKS 3D CAD, finite element analysis using
SOLIDWORKS Simulation knows the exact geometry during the meshing
process. And the more accurately the mesh matches the product
geometry, the more accurate the analysis results will be.
Since the majority of industrial components are made of metal,
most FEA calculations involve metallic components. The analysis of
metal components can be carried out by either linear or nonlinear
stress analysis. Which analysis approach you use depends upon how
far you want to push the design:
If you want to ensure the geometry remains in the linear elastic
range (that is, once the load is removed, the component returns to
its original shape), thenlinear stress analysismay be applied, as
long as the rotations and displacements are small relative to the
geometry. For such an analysis, factor of safety (FoS) is a common
design goal.
Evaluating the effects of post-yield load cycling on the
geometry, anonlinear stress analysisshould be carried out. In this
case, the impact of strain hardening on the residual stresses and
permanent set (deformation) is of most interest.
The analysis of nonmetallic components (such as, plastic or
rubber parts) should be carried out usingnonlinear stress
analysismethods, due to their complex load deformation
relationship. SOLIDWORKS Simulation uses FEA methods to calculate
the displacements and stresses in your product due to operational
loads such as:
Forces Pressures Accelerations Temperatures Contact between
components
Loads can be imported from thermal, flow, and motion Simulation
studies to perform multiphysics analysis.
Figure : Pressure vessel stress analysisMesh definition
SOLIDWORKS Simulation offers the capability to mesh the CAD
geometry in tetrahedral (1st and 2nd order), triangular (1st and
2nd order), beam, and truss elements. The mesh can consist of one
type of elements or multiple for mixed mesh. Solid elements are
naturally suitable for bulky models. Shell elements are naturally
suitable for modeling thin parts (such as sheet metals), and beams
and trusses are suitable for modeling structural members.
As SOLIDWORKS Simulation is tightly integrated inside SOLIDWORKS
3D CAD, the topology of the geometry is used for mesh type:
Shell mesh is automatically generated for sheet metal model and
surface bodies Beam elements are automatically defined for
structural members
So their properties are seamlessly leveraged for FEA. To improve
the accuracy of results in a given region, the user can define
Local Mesh control for vertices, points, edges, faces, and
components. SOLIDWORKS Simulation uses two important checks to
measure the quality of elements in a mesh: Aspect Ratio Check,
Jacobian Points
In case of mesh generation failure, SOLIDWORKS Simulation guides
the users with a failure diagnostics tool to locate and resolve
meshing problems. The Mesh Failure Diagnostic tool renders failed
parts in shaded display mode in the graphics area.
b- Linear Stress Analysis
Linear stress analysis withSOLIDWORKS Simulationenables
designers and engineers to quickly and efficiently validate
quality, performance, and safetyall while creating their design.
Tightly integrated with SOLIDWORKS CAD, linear stress analysis
using SOLIDWORKS Simulation can be a regular part of your design
process, reducing the need for costly prototypes, eliminating
rework and delays, and saving time and development costs.
Linear Stress Analysis Overview
Linear stress analysis calculates the stresses and deformations
of geometry given three basic assumptions:
1. The part or assembly under load deforms with small rotations
and displacements2. The product loading is static (ignores inertia)
and constant over time3. The material has a constant stress strain
relationship (Hookes law)
Fig : Engine Stand Statics Results
In order to carry out stress analysis, component material data
must be known. The standard SOLIDWORKS CAD material database is
pre-populated with materials that can be used by SOLIDWORKS
Simulation, and the database is easily customizable to include your
particular material requirements.c- Nonlinear Analysis
Nonlinear stress analysis withSOLIDWORKS Simulationenables
designers and engineers to quickly and efficiently analyze stresses
and deformations under general conditions while they are creating
their design to ensure high quality, performance, and safety.
Tightly integrated with SOLIDWORKS CAD, nonlinear stress
analysis using SOLIDWORKS Simulation can be a regular part of your
design process. You can use the Simulation results to validate your
part or assembly while you are designing, reducing the need for
costly prototypes, eliminating rework and delays, and saving time
and development costs.
Nonlinear stress analysis calculates the stresses and
deformations of products under the most general loading and
material conditions for:
1. Dynamic (time dependent) loads2. Large component
deformations3. Nonlinear materials, such as rubber or metals,
beyond their yield point
Nonlinear analysis is a more complex approach, but results in a
more accurate solution thanlinear analysis, if the basic
assumptions of a linear analysis are violated. If the linear
analysis assumptions are not violated, then the results of a linear
and nonlinear analysis will be the same.
The time component when carrying out a nonlinear analysis is
important, both in controlling the loading (individual load
components can be active at different times) and in capturing the
response to an impulse load of impact. SOLIDWORKS Simulation
provides either an automatic or a manual time control method with a
force, displacement, or arc length convergence control. You get
power and flexibility to solve challenging and complex simulation
problems simply in a straightforward manner.
SOLIDWORKS Simulation usesfinite element analysis(FEA) methods
to discretize design components into solid, shell, or beam elements
and uses nonlinear stress analysis to determine the response of
parts and assemblies due to the effect of: Forces, Pressures,
Accelerations, Temperatures, Contact between components
Loads can be imported from thermal and motion Simulation studies
to perform multiphysics analysis. In order to carry out stress
analysis, component material data must be known. The standard
SOLIDWORKS CAD material database is pre-populated with materials
that can be used by SOLIDWORKS Simulation, and the database is
easily customizable to include your particular material
requirements. While the Nonlinear Analysis is solving, you can
visualize intermediate results. By getting visual feedback of the
results as the solution progresses, you can make decisions to
either stop the simulation and make adjustments to the input, or
let the solver proceed with the current settings.
d- Structural Analysis CAD-embeddedSOLIDWORKS Simulationenables
every designer and engineer to carry out structural simulation on
parts and assemblies with finite element analysis (FEA) while they
work to improve and validate performance and reduce the need for
costly prototypes or design changes later on.
Structural simulation covers a wide range of FEA problemsfrom
the performance of a part under a constant load to the stress
analysis of a moving assembly under dynamic loading, all of which
can be determined using SOLIDWORKS Simulation tools. Designers and
engineers primarily use structural simulation to determine the
strength and stiffness of a product by reporting component stress
and deformations. The type of structural analysis you perform
depends on the product being tested, the nature of the loads, and
the expected failure mode:
A short/stocky structure will most likely fail due to material
failure (that is, the yield stress is exceeded). A long slender
structure will fail due to structural instability (geometric
buckling). With time dependent loads, the structure will require
some form ofdynamic analysis to analyze component strength. The
component material you use can also influence which type of
analysis you perform: Metallic components, under moderate loads,
generally require some form oflinear analysis, where the material
has a linear relationship between the part deformation and the
applied load below the materials yield point Rubber and plastics
require anonlinear analysis, as elastomers have a nonlinear
relationship between the part deformation and the applied load.
This is also the case for metals beyond their yield point.
CHAPTER 2: MODELING AUTOMOBILE2.1 Searching about software2.1.1
Overview of SolidWork
SolidWorks software is widely known for its popularity and is
one of the specialized software for 3D design which is released by
Dassault System for small and medium enterprises and satisfied most
of the needs mechanical design today . Solidworks was popuar in1998
version and was introduced into our country in 2003, and in the
2015 version, this software was developed massive library of
mechanical and it is not only for mechanical enterprises but also
for other industries such as pipelines , architecture , interior
decoration , art ...a- 3D Design
SolidWorks uses a 3D design approach. After design a part, from
the initial sketch to the final result, create a 3D model. From
this model, creating 2D drawings or mate components consisting of
parts or subassemblies to create 3D assemblies. When designing a
model using SolidWorks, visualizing it in three dimensions, the way
the model exists once it is manufactured.
Figure 2.1: SolidWorks 2D drawing generated from 3D model
Component Based One of the most powerful features in the
SolidWorks application is making to a part is reflected in all
associated drawings or assemblies.
Fig 2.2: Component Bases
Terminology
These terms appear throughout the SolidWorks software and
documentation.
Origin Appears as two blue arrows and represents the (0,0,0)
coordinate of the model. When a sketch is active, a sketch origin
appears in red and represents the (0,0,0) coordinate of the sketch.
Add dimensions and relations to a model origin, but not to a sketch
origin.
Plane Flat construction geometry. Use planes for adding a 2D
sketch, section view of a model, or a neutral plane in a draft
feature, for example.
Axis Straight line used to create model geometry, features, or
patterns. Create an axis in different ways, including intersecting
two planes. The SolidWorks application creates temporary axes
implicitly for every conical or cylindrical face in a model.
Face Boundaries that help define the shape of a model or a
surface. A face is a selectable area (planar or nonplanar) of a
model or surface. For example, a rectangular solid has six
faces.
Edge Location where two or more faces intersect and are joined
together . Selecting edges for sketching and dimensioning, for
example.
Vertex Point at which two or more lines or edges intersect.
Selecting vertices for sketching and dimensioning, for example.
Fig 2.3: Terminology term
b- SketchesThe sketch is the basis for most 3D models. Creating
a model usually begins with a sketch, then create features; combine
one or more features to make a part. Then, combine and mate the
appropriate parts to create an assembly. A sketch is a 2D profile
or cross section. To create a 2D sketch, Use a plane or a planar
face. In addition to 2D sketches, create 3D sketches that include a
Z axis, as well as the X and Y axes. There are various ways of
creating a sketch. All sketches include the following
elements:Origin: In many instances, start the sketch at the origin,
which provides an anchor for the sketch. The sketch on the right
also includes a centerline. The centerline is sketched through the
origin and is used to create the revolve.
Fig 2.4: Origin
Planes: Sketch on planes with sketch tools such as the Line or
Rectangle tool and create a section view of a model. On some
models, the plane which sketched on affects only the way the model
appears in a standard isometric view (3D). It does not affect the
design intent. With other models, selecting the correct initial
plane on which to sketch helps creating a more efficient model.
Choose a plane on which to sketch. The standard planes are front,
top, and right orientations.
Fig 2.5: Plane
Dimensions:+ Driving Dimensions: Driving dimensions change the
size of the model when change their values
Fig 2.6: Driving dimension
+ Driven Dimensions: Some dimensions associated with the model
are driven. The value of driven dimensions changes when modify
driving dimensions or relations in the model.
Fig 2.7: Driven Dimension
Features:
Create a 3D model using features such as an extrude (the base of
the faucet) or a revolve (the faucet handle).
Fig 2.8: 3D Model using feature extrude
Some sketch-based features are shapes such as bosses, cuts, and
holes. Other sketch-based features such as lofts and sweeps use a
profile along a path. Another type of feature is called an applied
feature, which does not require a sketch. Applied features include
fillets, chamfers, or shells. They are called applied because they
are applied to existing geometry using dimensions and other
characteristics to create the feature.c- AssemblyAn assembly is a
collection of related parts saved in one SolidWorks document file
with a .sldasm extension.
Assemblies:
Contain anywhere from two to over one thousand components, which
can be parts or other assemblies called subassemblies
Display movement between related parts within their degrees of
freedom
The components in an assembly are defined in relation to each
other using assembly mates. Attach the assembly components using
various types of mates such as coincident, concentric, and distance
mates. For example, the faucet handle components are mated to the
faucet base component using concentric and coincident mates. The
mated components create the spigot subassembly. Later , include
this subassembly in the main vanity assembly, mating it to the
other components in the vanity assembly.
Fig 2.9 Supply pipes in assembly
d- Drawing Drawings are 2D documents that convey a design to
manufacturing. Within a drawing document are drawing sheets that
contain drawing views. The drawing sheets have underlying
formats.
Drawing templates and sheet formats are two distinct entities.
The software comes with one drawing template and a set of sheet
formats (in English and metric). When beginning a new drawing using
the default drawing template, the size of the drawing is undefined.
The software prompts you to select a sheet format. The sheet format
controls:
Size of the drawing sheet
Drawing borders
Title block
Sheet scale
Figure 2.10: Sheet format of 2D drawing2.1.2 Overview of
Pro/ENGINEER
Pro/ENGINEER is a computer graphics system for modeling various
mechanical designs and for performing related design and
manufacturing operations. The system uses a 3D solid modeling
system as the The system uses a 3D solid modeling system as the
core, and applies the feature-based, parametric modeling method. In
short, Pro/ENGINEER is a feature-based, parametric solid modeling
system with many extended design and manufacturing applications.
The basic functionality of Pro/ENGINEER is broken into four major
areas:
Part Modeling and Design
Assembly Modeling and Design
Design Documentation (Drawing Generation) General
FunctionalityThe core of Pro/ENGINEER is the feature-based,
parametric solid modeling system for modeling mechanical parts. The
part model created by this system can be used to form mechanical
assemblies and to produce engineering drawings. The model can also
be used to carry out many other related analysis, simulation,
planning and manufacturing activities such as the generation of CNC
tool paths and activities such as the generation of CNC tool paths
and Bills of Material. These extended functions are reflected by
the following example Pro/ENGINEER modes:
Sketcher: Define the 2D cross-section (or section) of an object
model for sweeping.
Part: Create the solid model of a part.
Figure :Antena tip in Sketcher and 3D Mode Assembly: Form the
solid model of an assembly of multiple components.
Figure : Assembly in an exploded view
Drawing: Produce engineering drawings of parts and assemblies
created in Pro/ENGINEER. These drawings are fully associative with
the 3D solid model. When a dimension in the drawing is changed the
dimension of the associated 3D model(s) will be automatically
updated, and vice versa.
Figure : Dimesioned drawing views of the antenna tip2.1.3
Overview of CATIA
Catia (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application)
is a multi-platform CAD/CAM/CAEcommercialsoftware suitedeveloped by
the French companyDassault Systemsdirected byBernard Charls.
Written in theC++programming language, CATIA is the cornerstone of
theDassault Systemssoftware suite.
Commonly referred to as a3DProduct Lifecycle Managementsoftware
suite, CATIA supports multiple stages of product development (CAx),
including conceptualization, design (CAD), engineering (CAE) and
manufacturing (CAM). CATIA facilitates collaborative engineering
across disciplines around its 3DEXPERIENCE platform, including
surfacing & shape design, electrical fluid & electronics
systems design,mechanical engineeringandsystems engineering.
CATIA facilitates the design of electronic, electrical, and
distributed systems such as fluid andHVACsystems, all the way to
the production of documentation for manufacturing.
Mechanical engineeringCATIA Mechanical Design Enginering
provides users with world-class tools to design simple to highly
complex products. It expands 3D design to user communities outside
of the design office, addressing each profile with the right tools.
This covers a wide range of operations such as part design, parts
positioning, automated mechanisms design, live kinematics
simulation, cast and forged parts, assembly drawing generation,
photorealistic images creation, etc.
From chalking out an idea in 3D at the click of a mouse to
process-oriented tasks, you can benefit from all the CATIA modeler
capabilities including direct 3D conceptual sketching out,
geometrical surfaces handling, feature based design and
history-free functional modeling. The 3DExperience Platform enables
multiple users to work concurrently on the same assembly and to
share and trade modifications at the object level, offering a truly
concurrent design.
Moreover, the effective management of inter-part relations
yields robust relational design and automates the design process.
Finally, CATIA Mechanical Engineering provides advanced
capabilities for Casting or Forging preparation to improve
productivity in the detailed design of the rough part. This insures
manufacturability, and provides highly usable advanced
functionalities dedicated to the Casting and Forging
Figure: Catia 3DDesign CATIA Design talks directly to the heart.
Successful products are usually those with designs which elicit
positive emotional responses from their consumers. Creative
designers must be equipped with software tools that enable them to
easily craft and adjust the product's emotional content through
their designs. They must achieve this while collaborating with the
engineering department to ensure proper coverage of the products
functional scope.
CATIA Design products and solutions cover the entire shape
design, styling and surfacing workflow, from industrial design to
Class A. Our intuitive and easy to use shape design tools give
everyone involved in the product design process, from industrial
designers, Class A modelers to Aero Lofting engineers, a real
freedom to design any kind of complex shape. Advanced
functionalities include reverse engineering, Class-A surfacing,
rapid propagation of design changes, powerful real-time diagnostic
tools and high-end visualization. CATIA enables creative designers,
design studios and engineering departments to work collaboratively
in optimizing their products for aesthetic and engineering
purposes.Systems EngineeringThe CATIA Systems Engineering solution
delivers a unique open and extensible systems engineering
development platform that fully integrates the cross-discipline
modeling, simulation, verification and business process support
needed for developing complex cyber-physical products. It enables
organizations to evaluate requests for changes or develop new
products or system variants utilizing a unified performance based
systems engineering approach. The solution addresses the Model
Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) needs of users developing todays
smart products and systems and comprises the following
elements:Requirements Engineering,Systems ArchitectureModeling,
Systems Behavior Modeling & Simulation, Configuration
Management & Lifecycle Traceability, Automotive Embedded
Systems Development (AUTOSAR Builder) and Industrial
AutomationSystems Development (Control Build).
CATIA uses the openModelicalanguage in both CATIA Dynamic
Behavior Modeling andDymola, to quickly and easily model and
simulate the behavior of complex systems that span multiple
engineering disciplines. CATIA &Dymolaare further extended by
through the availability of a number of industry and domain
specificModelicalibraries that enable user to model and simulate a
wide range of complex systems ranging from automotive vehicle
dynamics through to aircraft flight dynamics.
Electrical systemsThe electrical systems design solution from
Dassault Systmes provides a powerful integrated environment that
enables collaborative design of electrical systems in the context
of a 3D virtual product.
The solution is based on Requirement, Functional, Logical and
Physical (RFLP) systems decomposition approach that enables full
traceability of information from initial systems requirement to the
final product implementation. Knowledge management capabilities
facilitate automated checks of the electrical systems design
against predefined compliance rules and standards.
The solution enables efficient concurrent design engineering of
mechatronic systems so that engineers from multiple disciplines
such as mechanical, electrical and systems engineering can work
collaboratively to optimize the electrical systems design.
Figure : Catia Electrical System
Fluid systems The fluid systems design solution from Dassault
Systmes provides advanced process-driven authoring and editing
capabilities that improve productivity and quality fluid system
designs. It provides the ability to author and edit logical piping,
tubing & HVAC systems with the data definition of these systems
being used to drive the detail design process.
The fluid systems design solution provides powerful 2D & 3D
capabilities to create, modify, analyze, and document fluid system
designs. It delivers a complete and unified definition of fluid
systems, for all industries, that integrates company know-how and
manages the application of standards and specifications.
The Dassault Systmes 3DEXPERIENCE Platform delivers advanced
collaborative data management capabilities that empowers users to
manage their systems all the way from functional design down to
detailed design.
Figure : Catia Fluid Systems
2.2 Simulation Result2.2.1 Parameter actual size of car Firstly,
we need to sketch out car images and parameter of its. Below is the
size of audi R8: Length: 4435 mm
Spread: 2029 mm
Height: 1250 mm2.2.2 Design modela) Insert images into
SolidWork
We need to have a side, front, back and top view of product
images. After insert images, we set basic parameter such as length,
spread, height into images. Then click OK
Do the same things with 3 projections of automobile. Notice the
correlation between projectionsb) Create the curved surface of car
tire
Using 2D sketch to draw each profile LOFT by SPLINE of specific
surfaces
Do the same with other profiles, then we have closed profile and
use this to create profile tires
Now, with 2 sketches, then make the first projected curve.
Choosing Projected Curve. Choose 2 sketches then click OK.
Using surface-swing function with curves to create surface
Using surface-trim to remove unnecessary part
Do the same with other surfaces, then use knit-surface to
connect 2 surfaces together
Make the roof surface of automobile. This section is very
important because it affects the aerodynamic shape of car. The roof
has generally the shape as water drop to reduc maximum resistance
coefficient of car
After draw all surfaces, we use knit-surface again to connect
them into one block. So, we have half tire of car.
Then using thicken surface to create thickness; in this audi R8
case, we choose thickness is 10 mm
Finally, we take the symmetric through function mirror feature
and have completely model
