{ U.S HISTORY

Standard 1 review

Virginia

South Carolina

Pennsylvania

New York

Massachusetts

Rhode Island

Sta

nd

ard

1.1

New England

Middle

Southern

NEW ENGLAND

Key Colonies MA, CT,RI,

Key Figures Merchants

Economic Activity

Ship building, fishing and trade

Religion Puritans

Reason for settling

Harbors

Comparing and Contrasting

the 13 Colonies

MIDDLE

Key Colonies NY, Penn, Maryland, DE

Key Figures Farmers

Economic Activity

Wheat, potato crops

Religion Catholic, Quaker, Protestant

Reason for settling

Long growing season

Comparing and Contrasting

the 13 Colonies

SOUTHERN

Key Colonies SC, NC, VA

Key Figures Plantation owners

Economic Activity

Tobacco and rice plantations

Religion Anglicans

Reason for settling

Longest growing season

Comparing and Contrasting

the 13 Colonies

Rule of Law Magna Carta English Bill of Rights

Nobody is above the law

Limited power of the king

Rights the gov’t can’t take away

Standard 1.2 British Influence on the Colonies

Examples of Representative Government in the Colonies

Mayflower Compact House of Burgess Town Meetings

British Influence on the Colonies

The British policy of salutary neglect left the colonies to govern themselves.

British Policy changed after the French and

Indian War; Parliament expected the colonies to

help pay the war debt and started taxing the colonies.

Stamp Act

Quartering Act

Townshend Acts

Tea Act

Boston Tea Party

Sons of Liberty

Boston Massacre

Boycott Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

Lexington & Concord

1st Continental Congress

Road to Revolution

Saratoga Yorktown

Convinced the French to help the U.S. Ended the war

Important Battles of the Revolutionary War

Standard 1.3

The Declaration stated

the principles of

equality, the natural

rights of life, liberty,

property,” the purpose

of government to

“secure those rights,”

and the “right of the

people to abolish or

overthrow”

government when

natural rights are not

protected by

government.

The Declaration of Independence influenced the Articles of Confederation by limiting the power of the executive. The Declaration of Independence served as an inspiration for other countries to overthrow corrupt governments that denied the natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Standard 1.4

The Articles of Confederation provided for a weak central government. This was evident after farmers revolted during Shays Rebellion in Massachusetts. The government under the Articles was powerless to provide aid and prompted the elite to push for a stronger national government.

Articles of Confederation

“A Firm League of Friendship

U.S. Constitution “A More Perfect Union”

Representation 1 per state Population/Equal

Taxation No right to tax Right to tax

Powers of Congress Permission from the state In addition to the Articles… Congress could tax

Amendments unanimous 2/3 of Congress + 3/4 of States

May-September, 1787

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

For what purpose? amend the Articles

The Constitutional Convention

Conflict and Compromise at the Constitutional Convention

Virginia Plan

Two-house legislature with membership based on population

New Jersey Plan

One-house legislature with each state having an equal vote

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

Two-house Congress. House of Representatives-based on population. Senate—based equal representation

3/5 “Not So Great” Compromise

3/5 of slaves in each state could be counted for population

The Constitutional Convention

Federalism—power is divided between the national government and the state governments

Ordered government

Shays Rebellion (1786)

Representative government (republicanism)

Delegated Powers Concurrent Powers Reserved Powers

Powers belonging to the national government

Shared powers between the national and state governments

Powers belonging to the states; they are NOT listed in the Constitution

Standard 1.5 Principles of the Constitution Constitutional (federal) Government

Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch

Checks on executive: override a presidential veto

Checks legislative: veto bills of Congress

Checks executive: declare actions unconstitutional

Checks judicial: establish lower federal court

Checks judicial: appoints federal judges

Checks legislative: declare laws unconstitutional

In addition to separation of powers, the Framers proposed a system of checks and balances in order to make sure that the members of one branch of government did not become too powerful or corrupt. Examples: Veto, Treaty Ratification, Judicial Nomination and Confirmation

Separation of Powers

Purpose of the Bill of Rights?

List of rights

that cannot be denied

Secretary of the Treasury

Secretary of War Attorney General Secretary of State

Hamilton Knox Randolf Jefferson

Standard 1.6 Washington’s First Cabinet

Alexander Hamilton Leaders Jefferson

Strong central gov’t

Federalism Weak central gov’t

Loose constructionists Expand the powers of national government

Constitution Strict constructionists

Restrict the powers of the national government

Pro-trade with Britain Pro merchant

Economy Pro-trade with French

Pro agriculture

Pro National Bank Anti

Pro Protective Tariff Anti

North Supporters South

The First Two-Party System

FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS

Before leaving office, John Adams appointed several Supreme Court judges, who would serve life terms and be able to undermine Jefferson’s Republican administration from the bench. These included John Marshall who Adams appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Standard 1.7 The Adams Administration

Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, which says that the Supreme Court has the authority to interpret the Constitution. This differed from Thomas Jefferson’s belief that Congress should interpret the Constitution

The Power of the Supreme Court