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Better Spoken English
Prof. Shreesh Chaudhary
Department of Humanities & Social sciences
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Some “consonants” in English
Lecture 34
Good morning.
Good morning, sir.
OK, this, today, may be the last lecture for me and today, I am going to draw your attention to
some consonant sounds, some of those sounds that are produced generally with obstruction in
the oral passage. Now, we do them alright, but there are some times, there are some sounds
occasionally, where we do not get them as correctly as we ought to.
(Refer Slide Time: 00:59)
And I have been drawing your attention to sounds, that are written with…From day one, I
have been drawing your attention to sounds like /v/ as in give me a word: five, this sound,
ok? Or this, as in, ok, lovely. May god give you a loving one or shall I say pretty one, they are
not contradictory, ok? Right. How these sounds are produced, how if if you do not already
have them, how we can have them. There is a second point, I want to make today, ok, before
we close. It is good to have appropriate and correct pronunciation, but it’s not enough. It is
also important to have socially appropriate language. Even, if you have very good
pronunciation, can you use bad words in public? Say yes or no. obviously not, it does not
require a three credit course at IIT, Madras to tell us that we cannot do that, you know, that is
commonsense.
So, we have been, you know watching this video by Bernard Shaw sorry the film, My Fair
Lady. Actually, this was not a film, he wrote it as a play Pygmalion and he has, in a certain
sense made fun of the British society, British upper classes that they are very particular on
dress, very particular on courtesies, etiquette you know and on pronunciation, it must be
spoken only in this manner, only at this tempo, only with this amplitude. There are so many
only’s that after some time, it becomes ridiculous. Looks like you don’t have freedom, you
don’t have choice. And actually in all civilized societies, if you look at the history, then you
know all civilized societies start controlling your behavior and there comes a point of time
when they control it so much that people start rebelling. Then begins the decline of
civilization. Actually, if you ever get time, and if you study subjects like anthropology, have
you heard of that subject? How do you pronounce it? How do you pronounce it? Everybody
please.
Anthropology
Anthrop is man; this is man, the science of …
O is missing.
Sorry. Did I miss something? So sorry. Anthropology. OK? The science of civilization of,
how it studies. It’s a very complex inter disciplinary subject. Some day if you have time, you
can look at some books in this area. Even in the British society, you know, because of,
because they have been in power for three four hundred years: rising country, rich country. In
their culture, there is a lot of emphasis upon what they call, how do you pronounce it?
Etiquette.
Etiquette, how do you pronounce it?
Etiquette.
Etiquette. What is etiquette? You must do certain thing, only in a certain manner, when you
greet somebody in English, don’t greet him with left hand, unless you are a lefty. OK, people
who write with left hand, OK? Or you know, you must bend at a certain degree, or you know,
you eat in a certain, when you eat, you should eat noiselessly in their community. Among us,
we can eat and talk, but not in the British community, you know, when they have party, the
invitation card also tells you what kind of dress, formal, casual, smart casual, you know they
go to great details.
Actually, if you eat, you must not, your spoon must not be, you know your spoon must not
touch the plate in such a manner that it produces noise. It’s a matter of practice, you know,
you can acquire it, but sometimes, one thinks, it is ridiculous to have so many rules. When
you eat, no food particles should stick to your lips, and if it does, use a napkin or use a, you
know, tissue, you know that, paper towel to wipe your lips. There is also a rule about, how to
wipe your lips, don’t wipe your lips like, you know, we do in India. Not in this manner, it
should go from gently from right to left, ok? Or from left to right, not like you know, you
were going to take your lips out and put them away. Similarly, when you drink soup and soup
is not drunk in English. Soup is eaten in English. You see, it is liquid, but they eat it. They
don’t eat other liquids but they eat soup and soup should not be eaten with a spoon like we
put the entire spoon into our mouths, not that way. Soup like boat should come sideways to
your lips, ok? And then, gently without producing, don’t produce that kind of noise. Ok? Lots
of rules, lots of you know things so much so that sometimes one feels that the entire
community is behaving like a robot. And what does literature do, literature exaggerates any
aspect of the culture to draw your attention that look this is what you are becoming, the
substance is disappearing and form is becoming the model. And Bernard Shaw, I told you
about Bernard Shaw yesterday. Did anyone look up; did anyone Google Bernard Shaw
yesterday? Don’t raise your hands, don’t answer it. Did any one? OK, doesn’t matter. You
know, as a teacher, you know, my job is to continue to be hopeful, some things will attract
you today that I tell you, some things that I tell you today, you will do tomorrow or you may
do five years later, but you will do it. I am very confident, you know, I remember sometimes
my teachers talking to me. And they spoke to me 50 years ago, ok? But even now sometimes
I remember. OK. So, you know this is education. Education does not change your behavior
entirely in one day. It’s not like a laundry in shopping, you know, washing machine. You put
the shirt in it and you take it out, dry, cleaned and all that. But sometime, when you have
time, look up people, you know, some of these people. See what kind of people they were.
Somebody like Bernard Shaw, born so poor and he made so much money, out of his plays, his
lectures. You know, people were admitted to his lectures if you paid for it, a very powerful
speaker and a very entertaining speaker, not like us. Not boring, you know, very entertaining,
you felt like listening to him on and on. Very witty, very well read and hard working.
But, he spent, in spite of the fact that he made so much money, he did not spend money on
himself. Throughout his life, he wore only one jacket. Even when he was almost a billionaire
before he died. He married at the age of 64 or 65. There are, you know, lots of quotes from
him. Can I tell you one? OK? You know, when he was very popular, his stage plays were
booked six months in advance or one year in advance, ok? Entirely all shows booked for next
6 months. OK? So One actor, one female actor or actress as they were called proposed to
him, Mr. Shaw, why don’t you marry. It was partly, you know, joke, partly in humor that lady
told him and Bernard Shaw said ok, but why should I marry you? She said, Well, if you and I
marry, then our child would be yes, can be pretty like me and witty like you. Yeah, right. Tell
me, complete the rest, yeah! And Bernard Shaw said suppose he becomes pretty like me and
witty like you. OK? You know, there are all kinds of things attributed to Bernard Shaw.
Somebody asked him, where did you learn all this. I said, you know, he said, I learnt all my
life except when I was in school. You know, there are this kind of witty things. Don’t take
them very seriously. Because, they are partly cynical, partly in humor, but here is someone,
you see, when a great scientist works, a great scientist does not work in isolation, when a
great literature works, it does not work in isolation. He has a great poet, he has a story writer,
a great painter, a great… a society is great when everyone is great. It is not that you have lots
of wonderful sciences and nothing else. It just does not happen. Imagine your body; can you
have the right hand of Cassius Clay and the left hand of Shreesh Chaudhary? Is it possible? It
doesn’t. It’s an organic rule. It happens together.
Now, I gave you such a long introduction before the two clippings I am going to show you
from this video. We will watch the clippings and then I will ask you after each clipping one
question. OK? Shall I give you the question now? After that or take the question. Is
pronunciation enough? Or is the correctness of social correctness also desired. You know,
what we call etiquette. OK? Look at this and see where Eliza Dolittle do little succeeds and
where Eliza Dolittle does not succeed. OK? Are you ready? Are we together? Everybody
please. I see some people still sleeping, you know. How many of you came without
breakfast? OK, great! So, you have 9 clock class, you have time for breakfast. Marvelous.
OK, Let me.
One each. One on each bench.
Every duke and earl and peer is here
Everyone who should be here is here.
What a smashing, positively dashing
Spectacle: the Ascot opening day.
At the gate are all the horses
Waiting for the cue to fly away.
What a gripping, absolutely ripping
Moment at the Ascot opening day.
Pulses rushing!
Faces flushing!
Heartbeats speed up!
I have never been so keyed up!
Any second now, they'll begin to run.
Hark! A bell is ringing,
They are springing forward
Look! It has begun...!
What a frenzied moment that was!
Didn't they maintain an exhausting pace?
'Twas a thrilling, absolutely chilling
Running of the Ascot opening race.
Did you get the words of the song? I’ll play it once again. And now have I given you the text.
So listen to the song and then, next time, I’ll play it again and I’ll ask you to sing with the
you know, the singer, the play back singer here and then maybe I will ask you to do without
them. You know, without them. This is a chorus, everybody singing together. OK? So now
listen to it with, I have given you the scripts. Is that Ok? Shall we do that? OK, let me rewind
it.
Your eyes to the text now. Look at the text and your ears to hear. Your eyes to the text and
your ears to the music, sorry, yeah, your ears to the music and your eyes to the text. Correct?
Did I get it right? OK, Lovely! Sometimes I get, where should eyes be, where should ears be.
But, human beings have that capacity. They can distribute their attention part-wise. Have you
heard of someone who could dictate two letters at the same time? We’ll talk about that. Right,
Shall we continue? OK, so your eyes to the text and your ears to the. Now you have seen. We
will watch it once again, but may be this time, you know, pay attention to the text.
Every duke and earl and peer is here
Everyone who should be here is here.
What a smashing, positively dashing
Spectacle: the Ascot opening day.
At the gate are all the horses
Waiting for the cue to fly away.
What a gripping, absolutely ripping
Moment at the Ascot opening day.
Pulses rushing!
Faces flushing!
Heartbeats speed up!
I have never been so keyed up!
Any second now, they'll begin to run.
Hark! A bell is ringing,
They are springing forward
Look! It has begun...!
What a frenzied moment that was!
Didn't they maintain an exhausting pace?
'Twas a thrilling, absolutely chilling
Running of the Ascot opening race.
There was some mistake of spelling here. It should be pace p a c e, not piece you know. I am
sorry for the mistake of spelling. Did you get that right? Now, shall we sing it with the video?
OK, everybody please. Everybody, I find that whenever I do the group thing, some people
just enjoy watching the others. That’s not, you are, you are denying yourself a share of the
fun if you don’t join in. overcome your inhibition, you know, it’s a group activity. That is why
the culture of chorus came; the culture of keerthan in our villages came. Whether you are a
Mohamed Rafi or Shreesh Chaudhary, you can sing together. It really doesn’t matter. OK?
Shall we all do it together? Please. Everybody together. OK?
Every duke and earl and peer is here
Everyone who should be here is here.
What a smashing, positively dashing
Spectacle: the Ascot opening day.
At the gate are all the horses
Waiting for the cue to fly away.
What a gripping, absolutely ripping
Moment at the Ascot opening day.
Pulses rushing!
Faces flushing!
Heartbeats speed up!
I have never been so keyed up!
Any second now, they'll begin to run.
Hark! A bell is ringing,
They are springing forward
Look! It has begun...!
What a frenzied moment that was!
Didn't they maintain an exhausting pace?
'Twas a thrilling, absolutely chilling
Running of the Ascot opening race.
OK, this time without the video, right? I’ll say 1, 2, 3 and you’ll begin. Don’t worry about,
you know, but go together. Don’t go faster; don’t go slower, go together with your friends.
Remember it’s a team effort. Don’t feel shy, don’t feel over confident. I will say 1, 2, 3 and
everybody will begin. 1, 2, 3.
Every duke and earl and peer is here
Everyone who should be here is here.
What a smashing, positively dashing
Spectacle: the Ascot opening day.
At the gate are all the horses
Waiting for the cue to fly away.
What a gripping, absolutely ripping
Moment at the Ascot opening day.
Pulses rushing!
Faces flushing!
Heartbeats speed up!
I have never been so keyed up!
Any second now, they'll begin to run.
Hark! A bell is ringing,
They are springing forward
Look! It has begun...!
What a frenzied moment that was!
Didn't they maintain an exhausting pace?
'Twas a thrilling, absolutely chilling
Running of the Ascot opening race.
OK?
Get used to it and practice it with your, with the text and believe me, we are learning
somebody else’s language and we must also, we must learn all aspects of it. The rhythm, the
pronunciation, the stress, the enunciation as they say. Later you may switch between this
pronunciation and another. Just as you switch between Telugu and English, between Hindi
and Telugu, between Tamil and Telugu, between Tamil and Hindi, you know. Similarly, you
can do but when and until you have learnt it, you must try. OK, Right. Let’s go with film.
Let’s watch the rest of it. I have brought you a very interesting clipping. OK, are you alright?
Not tired? OK, please.
Can I give you the context? Can I give you the context? You know, you saw the drill
yesterday, that professor Henry Higgins makes this flower girl Eliza Dolittle, undertake, you
know, undergo this course in pronunciation of English and she is being taught upper class
accent.
Now that you know, yesterday you saw in video that she is able to say sentences like: In
Hartford, in Hartford, in Hampshire, in Hampstead, hurricanes hardly ever happen or another
sentence you know, in Spain - what is that?
The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.
Mainly. You know, so all kinds of tongue twisters, all kind of ha ha ha, a cup of tea, a cup of
tea, you know, they have prepared her with the pronunciation, but they have not given her the
social correctness. They have asked her that she could talk about these two things. Health and
weather but let us see what happens. So, in order to test, that she has got the language of the
upper class, they bring her to this horse race party and between races, people drink tea,
according to the British culture and they also have little conversation. Watch that.
Mother.
Henry! What a disagreeable surprise.
Hello mother. How nice you look.
What are you doing here? You promised never to come to Ascot. Go home at once.
I can't mother. I'm here on business.
Oh no, Henry, you mustn't. I'm quite serious, you'll offend all my friends: the moment they've
met you I've never see them again. Besides, you're not even dressed for Ascot.
I changed my shirt. Now, listen mother, I've got a job for you; a phonetics job. I picked up a
girl—
Henry.
Oh no, dear, not a love affair; she's a flower girl. I'm taking her to the annual Embassy Ball
but I wanted to try her out first.
I beg your pardon.
Well, you know the Embassy Ball?
Of course I know the ball, but—
So I invited her to your box today, do you understand?
A common flower girl!
Oh, it's alright, I taught her how to speak properly. She has strict instructions as to her
behavior. She's to keep to two subjects: the weather and everybody's health; "fine day", and
"how do you do", and not just let herself go on things in general. Help her along, darling,
you'll be quite safe.
Safe! To talk about one's health in the middle of a race?
Well, you've got to talk about something.
Where's the girl, now?
She's being pinned; some of the clothes they bought her didn't quite fit. I told Pickering we
should have taken her with us.
Ah! Mrs. Eynsford-Hill.
Good afternoon, Mrs. Higgins.
You know my son: Henry?
How do you do?
I've seen you somewhere before?
I don't know.
Oh, it doesn't matter. You'd better sit down.
Lady Boxington.
Where the devil can they be?
Lord Boxington.
Ah!
Colonel Pickering, you're just in time for tea.
Thank you, Mrs. Higgins. May I introduce Miss Eliza Doolittle?
My dear Miss Doolittle.
How kind of you to let me come.
Delighted, my dear. Lady Boxington.
How do you do?
How do you do?
Lord Boxington.
How do you do?
How do you do?
Mrs. Eynsford-Hill: Miss Doolittle.
How do you do?
How do you do?
And Freddie Eynsford-Hill.
How do you do?
How do you do?
Miss Doolittle.
Good afternoon, Professor Higgins.
The first race was very exciting Miss Doolittle; I'm so sorry that you missed it.
Will it rain, do you think?
The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain. But in Hartford, Hereford and Hampshire,
hurricanes hardly ever happen.
Ha! Ha! How awfully funny!
What is wrong with that, young man? I bet I got it right.
Smashing!
Hasn't it suddenly turned chilly?
I do hope we won't have any unseasonable cold spells. They bring on so much influenza and
the whole of our family is susceptible to it.
My aunt died of influenza—so they said—but it's my belief they done the old woman in.
Done her in?
Yes, Lord love you. Why should she die of influenza when she come through diphtheria right
enough the year before? Fairly blue with it, she was. They all thought she was dead, but my
father, he kept ladling gin down her throat.
Oh...
Then she come to so sudden she bit the bowl off the spoon.
Dear me!
Now what call would a woman with that strength in her have to die of influenza? And what
become of her new straw hat that should have come to me? Somebody pinched it; and what I
say is, them as pinched it done her in.
Done her in? Done her in, did you say?
Whatever does it mean?
Ah, now that's the new small-talk: er, to do somebody in means to kill them.
But you surely don't believe your aunt was killed?
Do I not! Them she lived with would have killed her for a hat-pin, let alone a hat.
But it can't have been right for your father to pour spirits down her throat like that. It might
have killed her.
Not her. Gin was mother's milk to her. Besides, he'd poured so much down his own throat; he
knew the good of it.
Did you mean that he drank?
Drank! My word! Something chronic. Here! What are you sniggering at?
It's the new small talk: you do it so awfully well.
Well, if I was doing it proper, what was you sniggering at? Have I said anything I oughtn't?
Oh, no...
Not at all, my dear.
Well, that's a mercy, anyhow.
What? Yes, yes, oh yes. I don't know whether there's enough time before the next race to
place a bet, but come, my dear.
I don't suppose so.
I have a bet on number seven. I should be so happy if you would take it. You'll enjoy the race
ever so much more.
That's very kind of you.
His name is Dover.
Come along, my dear, come along.
There they are again, lining up to run.
Now they're holding steady,
They are ready for it
Look! It has begun!
Come on...come on, Dover. Come on...come on, Dover. Come on. Come on, Dover! Move
yer bloomin' arse!!
What goes wrong here? In the Experiment that Prof Higgins and Colonel Pickering are doing.
What is wrong here? Can any one please tell me? What is not right here? You know, they
haven’t told the girl that, she comes from absolutely lower working classes. They have not
told her that certain words cannot be spoken in a civilized society, ok? And she does make
that mistake right, is that clear to you? OK. Moreover, there is exaggeration of everything,
over sized hat, very peculiar kind of clothes, and every one wearing the same kind of clothes,
Shaw makes fun of the British’s society. And look, you look like robots, ok? That’s what it is.
Now, you know after this, they train Eliza Dolittle further into social manners, all right? OK?
Let us see how she gets along at the second and final occasion, whether she really comes
through as a princess, as a member of the upper class society. Another clipping, and then we
will do some drill and we will call it a day. Now, they take her to a ball given by some you
know, very rich and powerful Duke every year, where ambassadors and their families and
British, you know, upper classes lords are invited. And There is a ball, you know, what a ball
is. It’s a kind of dance, you know, gentle movement and some party etc. Only the rich and the
mighty are invited there and because Professor Henry Higgins comes from the upper classes,
his mother has an invitation and as you heard, he talks his mother into letting him take his
friend Colonel Pickering and this girl Eliza Dolittle. Now, she is dressed differently. In the
intervening weeks she has also been giving some tuition about social manners.
Actually, in Britain, and even in India there used to be something called finishing school.
have you heard of it? Have you heard of finishing school? You know, Finishing school was
mainly for girls and after they were given school education and college education, in
finishing school, then were taught housekeeping. But many boys were also sent because, they
were also taught social etiquette manner, how you should sit down, how you should greet
different people etc etc. OK? After Eliza Dolittle has been given all the lessons that was
generally given in the finishing school, they bring her to this embassy ball. Now, see, how she
carries herself; now she has got pronunciation and she has also got the social manners. Thank
you. OK?
Do you have a class after this? So can I take 5 minutes longer? No problem?
Charming. Quite charming.
Miss Doolittle, ma'am.
Miss Doolittle, my son would like to dance with you.
Eliza.
Absolutely fantastic!
What a lot of tomfoolery.
It was an immense achievement.
Well, Mr. Higgins?
A triumph, Mrs. Pearce, a total triumph. Higgins, you were superb, absolutely superb. Tell us
the truth, now, weren't you a little bit nervous once or twice?
No, not for a second.
Not during the whole evening?
Well, from the moment I saw we going to win hands down I felt like a bear in a cage, hanging
about with nothing to do.
It was an immense achievement.
If I hadn't backed myself to do it I've have given it up two months ago.
Absolutely fantastic.
What a lot of tomfoolery.
Higgins, I salute you.
Oh! Silly people don't know their own silly business.
Tonight old man you did it
You did it, you did it.
You said that you would do it
And indeed you did.
I thought that you would rue it
I doubted you'd do it
But now I must admit it
That succeed you did.
You should get a medal
Or be even made a knight.
Oh! It was nothing, really nothing.
All alone you hurdled every obstacle in sight.
Now wait, now wait, give credit where it's due,
A lot of the glory goes to ... you!
But you're the one, who did it,
Who did it, who did it?
As sturdy as Gibraltar
Not a second did you falter.
There's no doubt it
You did it.
I must have aged a year tonight
At times I thought I'd die of fright
Never was there a momentary lull.
Shortly after we came in
I saw at once we'd easily win
And after that I found it deadly dull.
You should have heard the "ooh"s and "ahh"s
Everyone wondering who she was.
You'd think they'd never seen a lady before.
And when the Prince of Transylvania asked to meet her
And gave his arm to lead her to the floor,
I said to him you did it
You did it, you did it.
They thought she was ecstatic
And so damned aristocratic
And they never knew that
You did it.
Thank goodness for Zoltan Karpathy; if it hadn't been for him I'd have died of boredom.
Karpathy, that dreadful Hungarian; was he there?
Yes, he was there all right, and up to his old tricks.
That blackguard who uses the science of speech
More to blackmail and swindle than teach.
He made it the devilish business of his
To find out who this Miss Doolittle is.
Every time we looked around
There he was that hairy hound from Budapest.
Never leaving us alone
Never have I ever known a ruder pest.
Finally I decided it was foolish not to
Let him have his chance with her
So I stepped aside and him dance with her.
Oozing charm from every pore
He oiled his way around the floor.
Every trick that he could play
He used to strip her mask away.
When at last the dance was done
He glowed as if he knew he'd won.
And with a voice too eager
And a smile too broad
He announced to the hostess that she was ... a fraud!
No!
Jawoh!
Her English is too good, he said,
That clearly indicates she is foreign
Whereas others are instructed in their
Native language, English people aren't.
And although she may have studied with an
Expert dialectician and grammarian,
I can tell that she was born ... Hungarian!
Not only Hungarian, but of royal blood.
She is a princess.
Her blood, he says, is bluer than the Danube is or ever was.
OK? We have very few, you know hardly few minutes left and we will do some drill, but you
see they are able to pass her for, you know, at the party, she is taken for what? Eliza Dolittle
is taken for a princess, a princess from which country? Hungary. OK? So they are able to do
that, but they also must realize that, by now she has not only acquired pronunciation, she has
also acquired social manners, social etiquette and the language.
It’s a bit of fun, comedy, lot of music, you might watch it, you might download it from the net
and watch it for free, which is what Santosh did for me here. Right? Shall we do a few
minutes of drill and then you can go back to the hostel or to your next class, another two
minutes, right? OK. Please, pick up your book and you can take this text away and I expect
you to be able to sing it to yourself and to your friends, all right. Let’s come to the drill. Some
consonants only. Just about a couple of minutes and then maybe, we are done with. OK?
This, you know, I have selected out of the twenty four consonants, that standard British
English has I have taken only two or three. F, as in face, once again the lips have to come
close to the upper teeth, but not touch it exactly. OK? And then say it with long vowel. Please
follow me, I will say it first, you will say it next. Ready? Everybody please. Yes.
(Refer Slide Time: 48:59)
Yes sir
OK? Right.
Face
Face
Fact
Fact
Fade
Fade
Folder
Folder
Film
Film
Gift
Gift
Drift
Drift
Go on
Laughed
Together please
Left
Lift
Shift
Soft
Swift
Brief
Chief
Half
Leaf
Knife
Proof
Rough
Shelf
It’s not knife. Knife, come again.
Knife
Proof
Rough
Shelf
OK, right?
(Refer Slide Time: 50:20)
Let’s go to be next. Once again, the same thing, but this time your vocal chords vibrate. Keep
your finger here and say vague.
Vague
Now the v must come very clearly, ok?
Vague
Vague
Vane
Valve
Van
Vast
Vent
Verb
Vote
Lived
Loved
Moved
Saved
Saved. Make it long.
Saved.
Solve
Save
Have
Live
Serve
Shave
Five
Prove
There are lots of words in English which change because of only one sound difference /v/ and
/w/. Look at these words. If you don’t pronounce it properly, your vain can be understood as
wane and veil can be understood as wail. So, in one case, in the case of /v/, your lower lip
comes close to the upper teeth, but in the case of /w/, you round your lips like you are going
to whistle. OK? Let’s do it. I will say it first and you will say it next.
(Refer Slide Time: 51:54)
Vein
Vein
Wane
Wane
Go on,
Veil
Wail
Van
Wan
Verse
Worse
Vest
West
Vent
Went
Vet
Wet
Vies
Wise
Vine
Wine
Ok. Can you pick up your book and see page number 189? OK, between pages 189 and let’s
say 207, you have lots of exercises and you know this drill can help you acquire this sound
for the rest of your life. Whenever you speak, you won’t have to make an effort. It will come
naturally to you. It will become part of your habit just as you produce the other sounds now.
Do this drill on your own in the hostel and when I invite you to make your final presentation
on this course on the 10th
, I will also be looking for, you know, I will also pay attention to
your pronunciation of these sounds, ok? You will gain or lose marks or grades, you know,
depending upon how well or not so well you pronounce these sounds. Do you have any
questions? Ok. Then I think we will stop here today. Thank you.