EBIOGRAPHYFRENCH=> French I=> French II=> French
III=> French IV=> French V=> French VI=> French
VII=>
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1. Basic Phrases / les expressions de base
Bonjour/bu/Hello / Good day / Good morning
Bonsoir/bswa/Good evening
Bonne nuit/bn ni/Good night (only said when going to bed)
Salut/saly/Hi / Bye
Au revoir/()vwa/Goodbye
S'il vous plat / S'il te plat/sil vu pl/Please (formal /
informal)
Merci (beaucoup)/msi boku/Thank you (very much)
De rien./d j/You're welcome.
Je vous en prie./vu z pri/You're welcome. (formal) / Go
ahead.
Bienvenu(e)/bjvny/Welcome (also You're welcome in Quebec)
Allons-y!/al zi/Let's go!
A tout l'heure/a tu ta l/See you in a little while
A plus tard/a ply ta/See you later
A bientt/a bjto/See you soon
A demain/a dm/See you tomorrow
Je suis dsol(e)/dezle/I'm sorry
Pardon !/pad/Excuse me! (pushing through a crowd) / Sorry!
(stepped on someone's foot)
Excusez-moi !/eksyze mwa/Excuse me! (getting someone's
attention) / I'm sorry! (more formal apology)
Comment allez-vous ?/km tale vu/How are you? (formal)
Je vais bien/ ve bj/I'm fine.
Trs bien / mal / pas mal/t bj/ /mal/ /pa mal/Very good / bad /
not bad
a va ?/sa va/How are you? (informal)
a va./sa va/I'm fine. (informal response to a va ?)
Oui / non/wi/ /n/Yes / no
Comment vous appelez-vous ?/km vu zaple vu/What's your name?
(formal)
Tu t'appelles comment ?/ty tapl km/What's your name?
(informal)
Je m'appelle.../ mapl/My name is...
Enchant(e)/te/Nice to meet you.
Monsieur, Madame, Mademoiselle/msj/ /madam/ /madwazl/Mister,
Misses, Miss
Mesdames et Messieurs/medam/ /mesj/Ladies and gentlemen
Vous tes d'o ? / Vous venez d'o ?/vu zt du/ /vu vne du/Where are
you from? (formal)
Tu es d'o ? / Tu viens d'o ?/ty du/ /ty vj du/Where are you
from? (informal)
Je suis de... / Je viens de.../ si d/ / vj d/I am from...
O habitez-vous ?/u abite vu/Where do you live? (formal)
Tu habites o ?/ty abit u/Where do you live? (informal)
J'habite .../abit a/I live in...
Quel ge avez-vous ?/kl ave vu/How old are you? (formal)
Tu as quel ge ?/ty kl /How old are you? (informal)
J'ai ____ ans./e __ /I am ____ years old.
Parlez-vous franais ?/Tu parles anglais ?/pale vu frs/ /ty pal
gl/Do you speak French? (formal) / Do you speak English?
(informal)
Je parle allemand./ pal alm/I speak German.
Je ne parle pas espagnol./ n pal pa spal/I don't speak
Spanish.
Comprenez-vous? / Tu comprends?/kpne vu/ /ty kp/Do you
understand? (formal / informal)
Je comprends/ kp/I understand
Je ne comprends pas/ n kp pa/I don't understand
Pouvez-vous m'aider ? / Tu peux m'aider ?/puve vu mede/ /ty p
mede/Can you help me? (formal / informal)
Bien sr./bj sy/Of course.
Comment ?/km/What? Pardon?
Tenez / Tiens/tne/ /tj/Hey / Here (formal / informal)
Je sais/ s/I know
Je ne sais pas/n s pa/I don't know
O est ... / O sont ... ?/u / /u s/Where is ... / Where are ...
?
Voici / Voil/vwasi/ /vwala/Here is/are... / There it is.
Il y a .../ Il y avait.../il i a/ /il i av/There is / are... /
There was / were...
Comment dit-on ____ en franais ?/km di t __ fs/How do you say
____ in French?
Qu'est-ce que c'est que a ?/ks k s k sa/What is that?
Qu'est-ce qu'il y a ?/ks kil i a/What's the matter?
a ne fait rien./sa n f j/It doesn't matter.
Qu'est-ce qui se passe ?/ks ki s pas/What's happening?
Je n'ai aucune ide./ ne okyn ide/I have no idea.
Je suis fatigu(e) / Je suis malade./ si fatie/ / si malad/I'm
tired / I'm sick.
J'ai faim / J'ai soif./e f/ /e swaf/I'm hungry / I'm
thirsty.
J'ai chaud / J'ai froid./e o/ /e fw/I'm hot / I'm cold.
Je m'ennuie./ mni/I'm bored.
a m'est gal./ Je m'en fiche./sa m teal/ / m fi/It's the same to
me / I don't care. (informal)
Ne vous en faites pas. / Ne t'en fais pas./n vu ft pa/ /n t f
pa/Don't worry (formal / informal)
Ce n'est pas grave./s n pa gav/It's no problem. / It's
alright.
J'ai oubli./e ublije/I forgot.
Je dois y aller./ dwa i ale/I must go.
A vos souhaits ! / A tes souhaits !/a vo sw/ /a te sw/Bless you!
(formal / informal)
Flicitations !/felisitasj/Congratulations!
Bonne chance !/bn s/Good luck!
C'est vous ! / C'est toi !/s ta vu/ /s ta tw/It's your turn!
(formal / informal)
Taisez-vous ! / Tais-toi !/tze vu/ /t tw/Shut up! / Be quiet!
(formal / informal)
Je vous aime / Je t'aime/ vu zm/ / tm/I love you (formal &
plural / informal)
Tu me manques./ty m mk/I miss you. (informal)
Quoi de neuf ?/kw d nf/What's new?
Pas grand-chose./pa g oz/Not a whole lot.
Notice that French has informal and formal ways of saying
things. This is because there is more than one meaning to "you" in
French (as well as in many other languages.) The informal you is
used when talking to close friends, relatives, animals or children.
The formal you is used when talking to someone you just met, do not
know well, or someone for whom you would like to show respect (a
professor, for example.) There is also a plural you, used when
speaking to more than one person.
Also notice that some words take an extrae, shown in
parentheses. If the word refers to a woman or is spoken by a woman,
then theeis added in spelling; but in most cases, it does not
change the pronunciation.
To make verbs negative, French addsnebefore the verb andpasafter
it. However, theneis frequently dropped in spoken French, although
it must appear in written French.
2. Pronunciation / la prononciation
French Vowels
IPA
Phonetic spelling
Sample words
General spellings
[i]
ee
vie, midi, lit, riz
i, y
[y]
ee rounded
rue, jus, tissu, usine
u
[e]
ay
bl, nez, cahier, pied
, et, final er andez
[]
ay rounded
jeu, yeux, queue, bleu
eu
[]
eh
lait, aile, balai, reine
e, , ,ai, ei, ais
[]
eh rounded
sur, uf, fleur, beurre
u, eu
[a]
ah
chat, ami, papa, salade
a, ,
[]
ah longer
bas, ne, grce, chteau
a,
[u]
oo
loup, cou, caillou, outil
ou
[o]
oh
eau, dos, escargot, htel
o,
[]
aw
sol, pomme, cloche, horloge
o
[]
uh
fentre, genou, cheval, cerise
e
[]is disappearing in modern French, being replaced by[a]. Vowels
that do not exist in English are marked in blue.
French semi-vowels
IPA
Phonetic spelling
Sample words
General spelling
[w]
w
fois, oui, Louis
oi, ou
[]
ew-ee
lui, suisse
ui
[j]
yuh
oreille, Mireille
ill, y
French nasal vowels
IPA
Phonetic spelling
Sample words
General spelling
[a]
awn
gant, banc, dent
en, em, an, am, aon, aen
[]
ahn
pain, vin, linge
in, im, yn, ym, ain, aim, ein, eim, un, um, en, eng, oin, oing,
oint, ien, yen, en
[]
uhn
brun, lundi, parfum
un
[o]
ohn
rond, ongle, front
on, om
[]is being replaced with[]in modern French
In words beginning with in-, a nasal is only used if the next
letter is a consonant. Otherwise, the in- prefix is
pronounceeenbefore a vowel.
French Consonants
ex + vowel
egz
examen, exercice
ex + consonant
eks
exceptionnel, expression
ch (Latin origin)
sh
architecte, archives
ch (Greek origin)
k
orchestre, archologie
ti + vowel (except )
see
dmocratie, nation
c + e, i, y; or
s
cent, ceinture, maon
c + a, o, u
k
caillou, car, cube
g + e, i, y
zh
genou, gingembre
g + a, o, u
g
gomme, ganglion
th
t
maths, thme, thym
j
zh
jambe, jus, jeune
qu, final q
k
que, quoi, grecque
h
silent
haricot, herbe, hasard
vowel + s + vowel
z
rose, falaise, casino
x + vowel
z
six ans, beaux arts
final x
s
six, dix, soixante(these 3 only!)
There are a lot of silent letters in French, and you usually do
not pronounce the final consonant, unless that final consonant is
C, R, F or L (except verbs that end in -r).
Liaison:French slurs most words together in a sentence, so if a
word ends in a consonant that is not pronounced and the next word
starts with a vowel or silent h, slur the two together as if it
were one word. S and x are pronounced as z; d as t; and f as v in
these liaisons. Liaison is always made in the following cases:
after a determiner:un ami, des amis
before or after a pronoun:vous avez, je les ai
after a preceding adjective:bon ami, petits enfants
after one syllable prepositions:en avion, dans un livre
after some one-syllable adverbs (trs, plus, bien)
afterest
It is optional afterpas, trop fort, and the forms oftre, but it
is never made afteret.
Silent e:Sometimes theeis dropped in words and phrases,
shortening the syllables and slurring more words.
rapid(e)ment, lent(e)ment, sauv(e)tage/apidm/ /tm/ /sovta/
sous l(e) bureau, chez l(e) docteur/sul byo/ /el dkto/
il y a d(e)... , pas d(e)... , plus d(e).../yad/ /pad/ /
plyd/
je n(e), de n(e)/n/ /dn/
j(e) te, c(e) que/t/ /sk/ (note the change of the pronunciation
of the j as well)
Stress & Intonation:Stress on syllables is not as heavily
pronounced as in English and it generally falls on the last
syllable of the word. Intonation usually only rises for yes/no
questions, and all other times, it goes down at the end of the
sentence.
3. Alphabet / l'alphabet
a
/a/
j
/i/
s
/s/
b
/be/
k
/ka/
t
/te/
c
/se/
l
/l/
u
/y/
d
/de/
m
/m/
v
/ve/
e
//
n
/n/
w
/dublve/
f
/f/
o
/o/
x
/iks/
g
//
p
/pe/
y
/igrk/
h
/a/
q
/ky/
z
/zd/
i
/i/
r
//
4. Nouns, Articles & Demonstratives / les noms, les articles
& les demonstratifs
All nouns in French have a gender, either masculine or feminine.
For the most part, you must memorize the gender, but there are some
endings of words that will help you decide which gender a noun is.
Nouns ending in -age and -ment are usually masculine, as are nouns
ending with a consonant. Nouns ending in -ure, -sion, -tion, -ence,
-ance, -t, and -ette are usually feminine.
Articles and adjectives must agree in number and gender with the
nouns they modify. And articles have to be expressed even though
they aren't always in English; and you may have to repeat the
article in some cases. Demonstratives are like strong definite
articles.
Definite Articles (The)
Masculine
Feminine
Before Vowel
Plural
lelit/l li/the bed
lapomme/la pm/the apple
l'oiseau/lwazo/the bird
lesgants/le /the gloves
Indefinite Articles (A, An, Some)
Masculine
Feminine
Plural
unlit/o li/a bed
unepomme/ yn pm/an apple
desgants/de /some gloves
Demonstrative Adjectives (This, That, These, Those)
Masc.
Masc, Before Vowel
Fem.
Plural
celit/s li/this/that bed
cetoiseau/s twazo/this/that bird
cettepomme/st pm/this/that apple
cesgants/se /these/those gloves
If you need to distinguish between this or that and these or
those, you can add -ci to the end of the noun for this and these,
and -l to the end of the noun for that and those. For example,ce
lit-ciisthis bed, whilece lit-listhat bed.
5. Useful Words / les mots utiles
It's / That's
c'est
/s/
There is/are
il y a
/il i a/
There is/are
voil
/vwala/
Here is/are
voici
/vwasi/
and
et
/e/
always
toujours
/tuu/
but
mais
/m/
often
souvent
/suv/
now
maintenant
/mtn/
sometimes
quelquefois
/klkfwa/
especially
surtout
/sytu/
usually
d'habitude
/dabityd/
except
sauf
/sof/
also, too
aussi
/osi/
of course
bien sr
/bj sy/
again
encore
/k/
so so
comme ci,commea
/km si, km sa/
late
en retard
/ta/
not bad
pas mal
/pa mal/
almost
presque
/psk/
book
le livre
/l liv/
friend (fem)
une amie
/y nami/
pencil
le crayon
/l kj/
friend (masc)
un ami
/o nami/
pen
le stylo
/l stilo/
woman
une femme
/yn fam/
paper
le papier
/l papje/
man
un homme
/o nm/
dog
le chien
/l j/
girl
une fille
/yn fij/
cat
le chat
/l a/
boy
un garon
/o gas/
money
l'argent (m)
/la/
job / work
le travail
/l tavaj/
Note:The expressionil y ais reduced toy ain everyday speech.
When il y a is followed by a number, it meansago. Il y a cinq
minutesmeansfive minutes ago.Some common slang words for money
include:le fric, le pze, le pognon, des sousand for job/work:le
boulot.
6. Subject Pronouns / les pronoms sujets
Subject Pronouns
je
//
I
nous
/nu/
We
tu
/ty/
You (informal)
vous
/vu/
You (formal and plural)
ilelleon
/il//l///
HeSheOne
ilselles
/il//l/
They (masc.)They (fem.)
Note:Ilandellecan also meanitwhen they replace a noun (il
replaces masculine nouns, and elle replaces feminine nouns) instead
of a person's name. Ilsandellescan replace plural nouns as well in
the same way. Notice there are two ways to say you. Tuis used when
speaking to children, animals, or close friends and relatives.
Vousis used when speaking to more than one person, or to someone
you don't know or who is older. Oncan be translated into English as
one, the people, we, they, or you.
Tutoyerandvouvoyerare two verbs that have no direct translation
into English.Tutoyermeans to usetuor be informal with someone,
whilevouvoyermeans to usevousor be formal with someone.
7. To Be & To Have / Etre & avoir
Present tenseof tre /t/ - to be
I am
jesuis
/ si/
We are
noussommes
/nu sm/
You are
tues
/ty /
You are
voustes
/vu zt/
He isShe isOne is
ilestelleestonest
/il //l // n/
They areThey are
ilssontellessont
/il s//l s/
Past tense of tre - to be
Iwas
j'tais
/et/
Wewere
noustions
/nu zetj/
You were
tutais
/tu et/
You were
voustiez
/vu zetje/
He wasShe wasOne was
iltaitelletaitontait
/il et//l et// net/
They wereThey were
ilstaientellestaient
/il zet//l zet/
Note: Jeand any verb form that starts with a vowel (or silent h)
combine together for ease of pronunciation.
Future Tense of tre - to be
Iwill be
jeserai
/ se/
We willbe
nousserons
/nu s/
You will be
tuseras
/ty sa/
Youwill be
vousserez
/vu se/
He will beShe will beOne will be
ilseraelleseraonsera
/il sa//l sa// sa/
They willbeTheywill be
ilsserontellesseront
/il s//l s/
Present tense of avoir /avwa/ - to have
I have
j'ai
/e/
Wehave
nousavons
/nu zav/
You have
tuas
/ty /
You have
vousavez
/vu zave/
He hasShe hasOne has
ilaelleaona
/il //l // n/
They haveThey have
ilsontellesont
/il z//l z/
Past tense of avoir - to have
I had
j'avais
/av/
We had
nousavions
/nu zavj/
You had
tuavais
/ty av/
You had
vousaviez
/vu zavje/
He hadShe hadOne had
ilavaitelleavaitonavait
/il av//l av// nav/
They had
ilsavaientellesavaient
/il zav//l zav/
Future tense of avoir - to have
Iwillhave
j'aurai
/oe/
We willhave
nousaurons
/nu zo/
You will have
tuauras
/ty o/
You will have
vousaurez
/vu zoe/
He will haveShe will haveOne will have
ilauraelleauraonaura
/il oa//l oa// noa/
They willhaveThey will have
ilsaurontellesauront
/il zo//l zo/
In spoken French, the tu forms of verbs that begin with a vowel
contract with the pronoun: tu es =t'es/t/, tu as =t'as/t/, etc.In
addition, it is very common to useon(plus 3rd person singular
conjugation) to mean we instead of nous.
Common Expressions with avoir and EtreAvoirandtreare used in
many common and idiomatic expressions that should be memorized:
avoir chaud
/avwa o/
to be hot
tre de retour
/t d tu/
to be back
avoir froid
/avwa fwa/
to be cold
tre en retard
/t ta/
to be late
avoir peur
/avwa p/
to be afraid
tre en avance
/t navs/
to be early
avoir raison
/avwa z/
to be right
tre d'accord
/t dak/
to be in agreement
avoir tort
/avwa t/
to be wrong
tre sur le point de
/t sy l pw d/
to be about to
avoir faim
/avwa f/
to be hungry
tre en train de
/t t d/
to be in the act of
avoir soif
/avwa swaf/
to be thirsty
tre enrhume
/t yme/
to have a cold
avoir sommeil
/avwa smj/
to be sleepy
nous + tre (un jour)
/t o u/
to be (a day)
avoir honte
/avwa t/
to be ashamed
avoir besoin de
/avwa bzw d/
to need
avoir l'air de
/avwa d/
to look like, seem
avoir l'intention de
/avwa tsj/
to intend to
avoir envie de
/avwa vi d/
to feel like
avoir de la chance
/avwa d la s/
to be lucky
J'ai froid.I'm cold.Tu avais raison.You were right.Il aura
sommeil ce soir.He will be tired tonight.Elle a de la chance !She's
lucky!Nous aurons faim plus tard.We will be hungry later.Vous aviez
tort.You were wrong.Ils ont chaud.They are hot.Elles avaient peur
hier. They were afraid yesterday.
Je suis en retard! I'm late!Tu tais en avance.You were
early.Elle sera d'accord. She will agree.Nous sommes lundi.It is
Monday.Vous tiez enrhum.You had a cold.Ils seront en train
d'tudier.They will be (in the act of) studying.Elles taient sur le
point de partir.They were about to leave.On est de
retour.We/you/they/the people are back.
8. Question Words / les interrogatifs
Who
Qui
/ki/
What
Quoi
/kwa/
Why
Pourquoi
/pukwa/
When
Quand
/k/
Where
O
/u/
How
Comment
/km/
How much / many
Combien
/kbj/
Which / what
Quel(le)
/kl/
9. cardinal Numbers / Les nombres cardinaux
Zero
Zro
/zeo/
One
Un
/o/
Two
Deux
/d/
Three
Trois
/tw/
Four
Quatre
/kat/
Five
Cinq
/sk/
Six
Six
/sis/
Seven
Sept
/st/
Eight
Huit
/it/
Nine
Neuf
/nf/
Ten
Dix
/dis/
Eleven
Onze
/z/
Twelve
Douze
/duz/
Thirteen
Treize
/tz/
Fourteen
Quatorze
/katz/
Fifteen
Quinze
/kz/
Sixteen
Seize
/sz/
Seventeen
Dix-sept
/dist/
Eighteen
Dix-huit
/dizit/
Nineteen
Dix-neuf
/diznf/
Twenty
Vingt
/v/
Twenty-one
Vingt et un
/vt e o/
Twenty-two
Vingt-deux
/v d/
Twenty-three
Vingt-trois
/v tw/
Thirty
Trente
/tt/
Thirty-one
Trente et un
/tt e o/
Thirty-two
Trente-deux
/tt d/
Forty
Quarante
/kat/
Fifty
Cinquante
/skt/
Sixty
Soixante
/swast/
Seventy
Soixante-dix
/swastdis/
(Belgium & Switzerland)
Septante
/sptt/
Seventy-one
Soixante et onze
/swast e z/
Seventy-two
Soixante-douze
/swast duz/
Eighty
Quatre-vingts
/katv/
(Belgium & Switzerland)
Octante
/ktt/
Eighty-one
Quatre-vingt-un
/katv to/
Eighty-two
Quatre-vingt-deux
/katv d/
Ninety
Quatre-vingt-dix
/katv dis/
(Belgium & Switzerland)
Nonante
/nnt/
Ninety-one
Quatre-vingt-onze
/katv z/
Ninety-two
Quatre-vingt-douze
/katv duz/
One Hundred
Cent
/s/
One Hundred One
Cent un
/s to/
Two Hundred
Deux cents
/d s/
Two Hundred One
Deux cent un
/d s to/
Thousand
Mille
/mil/
Two Thousand
Deux mille
/d mil/
Million
Unmillion
/o milj/
Billion
Un milliard
/o milja/
Note:French switches the use of commas and periods. 1,00 would
be 1.00 in English. Belgian and Swiss French use septante, octante
and nonante in place of the standard French words for 70, 80, and
90 (though some parts of Switzerland use huitante instead of
octante). Also, when the numbers 5, 6, 8, and 10 are used before a
word beginning with a consonant, their final consonants are not
pronounced. Phone numbers in France are ten digits, beginning with
01, 02, 03, 04, or 05 depending on the geographical region, or 06
for cell phones. They are written two digits at a time, and
pronounced thus: 01 36 55 89 28 = zro un, trente-six,
cinquante-cinq, quatre-vingt-neuf, vingt-huit.
Ordinal Numbers / Les nombres ordinaux
first
premier /premire
second
deuxime / second
third
troisime
fourth
quatrime
fifth
cinquime
sixth
sixime
seventh
septime
eighth
huitime
ninth
neuvime
tenth
dixime
eleventh
onzime
twelfth
douzime
twentieth
vingtime
twenty-first
vingt et unime
thirtieth
trentime
Note:The majority of numbers become ordinals by adding -ime. But
if a number ends in an e, you must drop it before adding the -ime.
After a q, you must add a u before the -ime. And an f becomes a v
before the -ime.
10. Days of the Week / Les jours de la semaine
Monday
lundi
/ldi/
Tuesday
mardi
/madi/
Wednesday
mercredi
/mkdi/
Thursday
jeudi
/di/
Friday
vendredi
/vddi/
Saturday
samedi
/samdi/
Sunday
dimanche
/dim/
day
le jour
/l u/
week
la semaine
/la s()mn/
today
aujourd'hui
/oudi/
yesterday
hier
/j/
tomorrow
demain
/dm/
next
prochain / prochaine
/p/ /pn/
last
dernier / dernire
/dnje/ /dnj/
day before yesterday
avant-hier
/avtj/
day after tomorrow
aprs-demain
/apdm/
the following day
le lendemain
/l ldm/
the day before
la veille
/la vj/
Articles are not used before days, except to express something
that happens habitually on a certain day, such aslelundi= on
Mondays. Days of the week are all masculine in gender and they are
not capitalized in writing.
11. Months of the Year / Les mois de l'annEe
January
janvier
/vje/
February
fvrier
/fevije/
March
mars
/mas/
April
avril
/avil/
May
mai
/m/
June
juin
//
July
juillet
/ij/
August
aot
/u(t)/
September
septembre
/sptb/
October
octobre
/ktb/
November
novembre
/nvb/
December
dcembre
/desb/
month
le mois
/l mwa/
year
l'an / l'anne
/l/ /lane/
decade
la dcennie
/deseni/
century
le sicle
/l sjkl/
millennium
le millnaire
/milen/
To express in a certain month, such asin May, useenbefore the
month as in "en mai." With dates, the ordinal numbers are not used,
except for the first of the month: le premier maibutle deux juin.
Also note that months are all masculine and not capitalized in
French (same as days of the week).
12. Seasons / Les saisons
Summer
l't
/lete/
inthesummer
en t
/ nete/
Fall
l'automne
/lotn/
in the fall
en automne
/ notn/
Winter
l'hiver
/liv/
in the winter
en hiver
/ niv/
Spring
le printemps
/l pt/
in the spring
au printemps
/o prt/
13. Directions / Les directions
on the left
gauche
/a go/
on the right
droite
/a dwt/
straight ahead
tout droit
/tu dw/
North
le nord
/l n/
Northeast
le nord-est
/l n(d)st/
South
le sud
/l syd/
Northwest
le nord-ouest
/l n(d)wst/
East
l'est
/lst/
Southeast
le sud-est
/sydst/
West
l'ouest
/lwst/
Southwest
le sud-ouest
/sydwst/
14. Colors & Shapes / Les couleurs & les formes
Red
rouge
/u/
square
le carr
/kae/
Orange
orange
//
circle
le cercle
/skl/
Yellow
jaune
/on/
triangle
le triangle
/tijgl/
Green
vert / verte
/v/ /vt/
rectangle
le rectangle
/ktgl/
Blue
bleu / bleue
/bl/
oval
l'ovale
/val/
Purple
violet / violette
/vjl/ /vjlt/
cube
le cube
/kyb/
White
blanc / blanche
/bl/ /bl/
sphere
la sphre
/sf/
Brown
brun / brunemarron
/bo/ /byn//ma/
cylinder
le cylindre
/sild/
Black
noir / noire
/nwa/
cone
le cne
/kon/
Pink
rose
/oz/
octagon
l'octogone
/ktogn/
Gold
dor / dore
/de/
box
la bote
/bwat/
Silver
argent / argente
/ate/
light
clair / claire
/kl/
Gray
gris / grise
/gi/ /giz/
dark
fonc / fonce
/fse/
Some adjectives of color do not change to agree with gender or
number, such as adjectives that also exist as nouns:orange, marron,
rose; and compound adjectives:bleuclair, noir foncremain masculine
even if they describe a feminine noun. Remember to place the color
adjective after the noun.
15. Weather / Le temps qu'il fait
What'stheweatherlike?
Queltemps fait-il ?
/kl t f til/
It's nice
Il fait bon
/il f b/
bad
Il fait mauvais
/il f mve/
cool
Il fait frais
/il f f/
cold
Il fait froid
/il f fw/
warm, hot
Il fait chaud
/il f o/
cloudy
Il fait nuageux
/il f nya/
beautiful
Il fait beau
/il f bo/
mild
Il fait doux
/il f du/
stormy
Il fait orageux
/il f a/
sunny
Il fait soleil
/il f slj/
humid
Il fait humide
/il f ymid/
muggy
Il fait lourd
/il f lu/
windy
Ilfait du vent
/il f dy v/
foggy
Il fait du brouillard
/il f dy buja/
snowing
Il neige
/il n/
raining
Il pleut
/il pl/
freezing
Il gle
/il l/
hailing
Il grle
/il gl/
It is ____ degrees.
Il fait ____ degrs.
/il f __ dge/
Il pleut des cordes/il pl de kod/ is a common expression
meaningit's pouring.Il caille/il kaj/ ora caille/sa kaj/ is slang
for it's freezing. And remember that France uses Celcius
degrees.
16. Time / Le temps qui passe
Whattimeisit?
Quelleheure est-il ?
/kl til/
It is...
Il est...
/il /
one o'clock
une heure
/yn /
two o'clock
deux heures
/d z/
noon
midi
/midi/
midnight
minuit
/mini/
a quarter after three
trois heures et quart
/tw z e ka/
one o'clock sharp
une heure prcise
/yn pesiz/
four o'clock sharp
quatre heures prcises
/kat pesiz/
twelve thirty
midi (minuit) et demi
/midi (mini) e dmi/
six thirty
six heures et demie
/si z e dmi/
aquarter to seven
sept heures moins le quart
/st mw l ka/
five twenty
cinq heures vingt
/sk v/
ten fifty
onze heures moins dix
/z mw dis/
in the morning/AM
du matin
/dy mat/
in the afternoon/PM
de l'aprs-midi
/d lapmidi/
in the evening/PM
du soir
/dy swa/
Official French time is expressed as military time (24 hour
clock.) You can only use regular numbers, and not demi, quart, etc.
when reporting time with the 24 hour system. For example, if it is
18h30, you must saydix-huit heures trente. The wordpile/pil/ is
also a more informal way of sayingprcise(exactly, sharp).
17. Family & Animals / La famille & les animaux
Family
la famille
/famij/
Niece
la nice
/njs/
Relatives
des parents
/pa/
Nephew
le neveu
/n()v/
Parents
les parents
/pa/
Grandchildren
les petits-enfants
/p()tizf/
Grandparents
les grands-parents
/gpa/
Granddaughter
la petite-fille
/p()tit fij/
Mom
la mre / maman
/m/ /mm/
Grandson
le petit-fils
/p()tifis/
Stepmother/Mother-in-Law
la belle-mre
/blm/
Godfather
le parrain
/pa/
Dad
le pre / papa
/p/ /papa/
Godmother
la marraine
/man/
Stepfather/Father-in-Law
le beau-pre
/bop/
Godson
le filleul
/fijl/
Daughter
la fille
/fij/
Goddaughter
la filleule
/fijl/
Son
le fils
/fis/
Distant Relatives
des parents loigns
/pa elwae/
Sister
la sur
/s/
Single
clibataire
/selibat/
Half/Step Sister
la demi-sur
/dmi s/
Married
mari(e)
/maje/
Sister-in-Law
la belle-sur
/bls/
Separated
spar(e)
/sepae/
Stepdaughter/Daughter-in-Law
la belle-fille
/bl fij/
Divorced
divorc(e)
/divse/
Brother
le frre
/f/
Widower
veuf
/vf/
Half/Step Brother
le demi-frre
/dmi f/
Widow
veuve
/vv/
Brother-in-Law
le beau-frre
/bo f/
Stepson/Son-in-Law
le beau-fils
/bo fis/
Dog
le chien /la chienne(m) / (f)
/j/ /jn/
Twins (m)
les jumeaux
/ymo/
Cat
le chat / la chatte(m) / (f)
/a/ /at/
Twins (f)
les jumelles
/yml/
Puppy
le chiot
/jo/
Uncle
l'oncle
/kl/
Kitten
le chaton
/at/
Aunt
la tante
/tt/
Pig
le cochon
/k/
Grandmother
la grand-mre
/gm/
Rooster
le coq
/kk/
Grandfather
le grand-pre
/gp/
Rabbit
le lapin
/lap/
Cousin (f)
la cousine
/kuzin/
Cow
la vache
/va/
Cousin (m)
le cousin
/kuz/
Horse
le cheval
/()val/
Wife
la femme
/fam/
Duck
le canard
/kana/
Husband
le mari
/mai/
Goat
la chvre
/v/
Woman
la femme
/fam/
Goose
l'oie
/wa/
Man
l'homme
/m/
Sheep
le mouton
/mut/
Child (m) / (f)
un enfant / une enfant
/f/
Lamb
l'agneau
/ao/
Girl
la fille
/fij/
Donkey
l'ne
/n/
Boy
le garon
/gas/
Mouse
la souris
/sui/
Note:Le gendre/d/ is another word for son-in-law.
Slang words for people and pets:
The entire family
toute la smala
/tut la smala/
Sister
la frangine
/fin/
Grandma
mm / mamie
/meme/ /mami/
Brother
le frangin
/f/
Grandpa
pp / papi
/pepe/ /papi/
Son
le fiston
/fist/
Children
des gosses
/gs/
Aunt
tata / tatie
/tata/ /tati/
Kid
un gamin / une gamine
/gam/ /gamin/
Uncle
tonton
/tt/
Woman
une nana
/nana/
Dog
le cabot / clbard
/kabo/ /kleba/
Man
un mec / type / gars
/mk/ /tip/ /ga/
Cat
le minou
/minu/
18. To Know People & Places / connaitre & savoir
connatre-to know people/knt/
savoir-to know facts/savwa/
connais
/kn/
connaissons
/kns/
sais
/s/
savons
/sav/
connais
/kn/
connaissez
/knse/
sais
/s/
savez
/save/
connat
/kn/
connaissent
/kns/
sait
/s/
savent
/sav/
Connatreis used when you know (are familiar with) people,
places, food, movies, books, etc. andsavoiris used when you know
facts. Whensavoiris followed by an infinitive it meansto
knowhow.There is another form of savoir commonly used in the
expressionsque je sachethat I know (of)andpas que je sachenot that
I know (of).
Je connais ton frre.I know your brother.Je sais que ton frre
s'appelle Jean.I know that your brother is named
John.Connaissez-vous Grenoble ?Do you know (Are you familiar with)
Grenoble? / Have you ever been to Grenoble?Oui, nous connaissons
Grenoble.Yes, we know (are familiar with) Grenoble. / Yes, we've
been to Grenoble.Tu sais o Grenoble se trouve.You know where
Grenoble is located.Ils savent nager.They know how to swim.
Connatrecan be translated several ways into English:Tu connais
le film, Les Enfants ?Have you seen the film, Les Enfants?Tu
connais Lyon ?Have you ever been to Lyon?Tu connais la tartiflette
?Have you ever eaten tartiflette?
19. Formation of Plural Nouns / la formation des noms
pluriels
To make a noun plural, you usually add an -s (which is not
pronounced).But there are some exceptions:
Sing.
Plural
If a noun already ends in an -s, add nothing.
bus(es)
le bus
les bus
If a noun ends in -eu or -eau, add an x.
boat(s)
le bateau
les bateaux
If amasculinenoun ends in -al or -ail, change it to -aux.
horse(s)
le cheval
les chevaux
Some nouns ending in -ou add an -x instead of -s.
knee(s)
le genou
les genoux
Exceptions:festival, carnaval, bal, pneu, bleu, landau, dtail,
chandailall add -s. There are only seven nouns ending in -ou that
add -x instead of -s:bijou, caillou, chou, genou, pou, joujou,
hibou.There are, of course, some irregular exceptions: un il(eye)
-des yeux(eyes);le ciel(sky) -les cieux(skies); andun jeune homme(a
young man) -des jeunes gens(young men).
Notice that the only time the pronunciation will change in the
plural form is for masculine nouns that change -al or -ail to -aux
and for the irregular forms.All other nouns are pronounced the same
in the singular and the plural- it is only the article that changes
pronunciation (le, la, l' to les).
20. Possessive Adjectives / les adjectifs possessifs
Masc.
Fem.
Plural
My
mon/m/
ma/ma/
mes/m/
Your
ton/t/
ta/ta/
tes/t/
His/Her/Its
son/s/
sa/sa/
ses/s/
Our
notre/nt/
notre/nt/
nos/no/
Your
votre/vt/
votre/vt/
vos/vo/
Their
leur/l/
leur/l/
leurs/l/
Possessive pronouns go before the noun. When a feminine noun
begins with a vowel, you must use the masculine form of the pronoun
for ease of pronunciation. Ma amieis incorrect and must bemon amie,
even thoughamieis feminine. Remember that adjectives agree with the
noun in gender and number, not the possessor!Sa mrecan mean his
mother or her mother even thoughsais the feminine form, because it
agrees with mre and not the possessor (his or her).
C'est ma mre et mon pre.This is my mother and my father.Ce sont
vos petits-enfants ?These are your grandchildren?Mes parents sont
divorcs. My parents are divorced.Sa grand-mre est veuve.His
grandmother is a widow.Notre frre est mari, mais notre sur est
clibataire.Our brother is married, but our sister is single.Ton
oncle est architecte, n'est-ce pas ?Your uncle is an architect,
isn't he?Leurs cousines sont nerlandaises.Their cousins are
Dutch.
Mai nti de toate, mai jos, am pregtit pentru tine un tabel cu
cele mai complicate i complexe simboluri cu ajutorul crora nvm s
pronunm n limba francez aa cum este corect.
n continuare, i voi explica particularitile fiecrui simbol n
parte pentru a-i uura i mbunti modul de pronunie. ns, a mai vrea s
i spun un lucru. E nevoie s repei, ntr-un mod constant, cuvinte sau
fraze n limba francez, pentru c aa cum vei citi mai jos, unele
litere sau grupuri de litere se citesc diferit fa de limba romn.
Numai exersnd mereu, vei obine rezultatul dorit.
Aadar, voi ncepe cu simbolurile din coloana cu vocale:
1.a
Acest simbol a se pronun ca una nchis, cu gura pe jumtate
nchis.
patte[pat] laba; brave[brav] brav; part[par] parte.
Uneori, sunetul a este redat n scris prine:femme[fam]
femeie.
Observatie:Vocalele nchise se pronun cu gura pe jumtate
nchis
2.
Acest simbolse pronun ca una deschis.
pte[pt] past; bas[ba] jos; pas[pa] pas; ple[pal] palid
3.
anazal este redat n scris prin grupurilean, am, en, em:
plante[plt]plant; lampe[lp]lamp; dcembre[desbr]decembrie
Observaie:
Vocalele nazale, sunete inexistente n limba romn, constituie una
dintre principalele dificulti pentru aproape toi strinii care nva
limba francez. Este vorba de rostirea sunetelor
vocalea[],edeschis[],odeschis[]i[]mpreun cu unnpronunat pe nas o
dat cu ele. Limba francez are patru vocale nazale, redate n scris
printr-un grup de vocale i consoane.
Cel mai simplu mod de a nva pronunia vocalelor nazale este prin
apsarea nrilor. n acest caz, [n] nu se aude clar la sfrit.
Semnul nazalizrii este tilda deasupra vocalei nazale[~].
4. e
Aceste reprezint une nchisi se rostete cae romnescn cuvinte ca
general, meridian cnd: este marcat de un accent
ascuit[]:gal[gal]egal; caf [kafe] cafea se afl ntr-o silab final i
este urmat de o consoan(t,z,r):parler[parle]a vorbi.
Observaie!In limba franceza exist ie mutcare: nu se rostete, de
obicei, la sfritul cuvintelor:pre[pr]tat; patrie[patri]patrie;
tablette[tablt]tablet
- sau uneori n interiorul cuvintelor:appeler[aple]a chema;
petit[pti]mic
5.
Acest simbol reprezint une deschis: este marcat de un accent
grav [`]: mre[mr]mam este marcat de un accent circumflex []:
tte[tt]cap este urmat de dou consoane: terre[tr]pmnt
6.
Este vorba dee (deschis) nazalcare este redat n scris prin
urmtoarele combinaii de vocale i consoane:in, im, ain, aim, en,
ein, yn, ym:
magasin[magaz]magazin; simple[spl]simplu; bain[b]baie;
faim[f]foame; examen[gzam]examen; teint[t]culoare; lynx[lks]rs;
sympathie[spati]simpatie.
7.
Acestee ntorsse pronun ca un sunet intermediar ntreo i e. Pentru
rostirea lui buzele se rotunjesc ca pentruo, iar limba are poziia
ca pentru pronunarea sunetuluie.
le[l] (art. hot.); regret[rgr] regret
8. i
I i yse pronun ca i romnesc i se transcriu prin i.
vif[vif]viu; syllabe[silab]silab
9. o
Se pronun ca uno nchis,caoromnesc.
rose[roz]- roz
10.
- reprezinto deschis, n general, cnd este urmat de dou consoane.
Se rostete cu buzele ceva mai ndeprtate dect la rostirea lui o
romnesc:
mort[mr]mort; porte[prt]u
11.
Se pronun ca uno nazali este redat prinon, om:
bon[b]bun; maison[mz]cas; nom[n]nume
12.
Grupurile de vocaleeu,,u, ueredau toate, n scris, acelai sunet,
inexistent n limba romn, sunet care se obine aeznd limba ca pentru
a pronuna un e deschis i rotunjind n acelai timp buzele ca pentru a
pronuna un o deschis.
peur[pr]fric; oeil[j]ochi; soeur[sr]sor; accueil[akj]primire
13.
Este vorba de un nazalcare se reda prinun, um:
un[]un; parfum[parf]parfum
14.
Referitor la simbolul acesta, grupurile de vocaleeu,u,n alte
cuvinte, redau un sunet apropiat de cel descris mai sus, cu
deosebirea c este nchis. El se obine aeznd limba ca pentru a
pronuna un e nchis i rotunjind buzele ca pentru a pronuna un o
nchis:
bleu[bl] albastru; feu[f] foc; nud[n] nod
15. u
In acest caz, nu transcriemuatunci cand avem un u romnesc, ci e
vorba de grupul de vocaleou:
troupe[trup]trup; ours[urs]urs
16. y
Uare alt valoare dect n limba roman. El reprezint un sunet
intermediar ntreiiu.Acest sunet se transcrie printr-unyi se pronun
cu limba n poziia n care l pronunm pei,buzele fiind n poziia pe
care o au la pronunarea luiuromnesc:
gravare[gravyr]gravur; lune[lyn]lun
Continum cu consoanele:
17. k
- literakse pronun la fel ca n romn
-Cse pronun la fel ca n romnete i se transcrie prinknaintea unei
consoane, a vocalelora, o, usau la sfritul unui cuvnt:
climat[klima] clim; parc[park] parc; cap[kap]cap; sec [sk]
uscat
-Qse pronun ca uncromnesc i se transcrie prink.Este urmat (cu
rare excepii) de vocalau(care, n general, nu se pronun):
quatre[katr]patru; qui[ki]cine
18.
Grupulgnred sunetulireprezint un n nmuiat urmat de un i foarte
scurt.
rgne[r] domnie; ligne[li] linie
19. R
R difer de consoana r din limba romn : nu se pronun cu vrful
limbii, ci se articuleaz la baza limbii. Pentru a fi mult mai uor,
ncearc s pronuni cu ajutorul unuih(aa cum numim r graseiat)
gare[ga:R] gar
Observaie:Cnd dup o vocal, apare semnul:(ca n exemplul de mai
sus) nseamn c aceast vocal se pronun mai lung.
20.
Acest simbol red grupul de cuvintech. Se pronun ca uns
romnesc:
cher[ er] scump; chat[ a]- pisic
Exceptie:n unele cuvinte ns,chse pronunk:
orchestre[orkestr]- orchestr; technique[tknik]- tehnic
21. v
Literelew i vsunt transcrise cu acest simbolvi amndou se
pronunv.
wolfram[volfram] -volfram
22.
Acest simbol reprezintlitera gcare se pronun ca unj
romnescnaintea vocalelore, i, y:
gel[l]- nghe; agir[air]- a aciona; gymnastique[imnastik]-
gimnastic
Aa cum ai vzut n tabelul de la nceputul articolului, n limba
francez exist trei semivocale (vocale care nu se pot rosti dect
nsoite de alt vocal, cu care formeaz mpreun un diftong).
23. Semivocala numityod(deosebit deivocal)
- se pronun mpingnd nainte maxilarul inferior i apropiind puin
limba de molarii superiori. Se transcrie prin[j]. n scris se red
prini, y:
ii, ill (+ vocal): idiot[idjo]- idiot; yeux[j] ochi;
travail[travaj]- munc; famille-[famij] -familie
24. Semivocala transcris prin [w]
- se apropie de sunetuluromnesc. Pentru a o pronuna se aaz limba
i buzele ca pentru pronunarea luiui se trece repede la pronunarea
vocalei care urmeaz.
Semivocalaweste redat n scris prinou, oi, oeetc.:
oui[wi]- da; moi[mwa] eu; pole[pwal]- sob
25. Semivocala transcris prin []
- se apropie de sunetul transcris prin y, cu deosebirea c se
trece repede la pronunarea vocalei urmtoare. Se red n scris
prinu(urmat de o vocal):huit[it] opt;nuage[na]- nor
Cam astea sunt regulile privind transcrierea fonetic. Acum vreau
s i prezint alte reguli de pronunie ale limbii franceze:
Regula 1:
Consoana C
- se pronun ca unsi se transcrie prinsnaintea vocalelore, i,
y:cinma[sinema] cinema; face[fas] fa; bicyclette[bisiklet]-
biciclet
- se pronun tot ca unscnd este nsoit de semnul numit
sedil[]:garon[gars] biat
Regula 2
Consoana Sse pronun cazcnd se afl ntre dou vocale:base[baz]-
baz; rose[roz] roz
Regula 3
Grupul tiurmat de o vocal se pronun nssi:inertie[inrsi]
inerieFac excepie unele cuvinte ca:amiti[amitje]- prietenie;
garantie[garti]- garanieprecum i cuvintele n care grupultiurmeaz
dup unssau unx:bastion[bastj] bastion; immixtion[imikstj]-
imixtiune
Regula 4
Litera Hnu reprezint n limba francez nici un sunet. Ea nu
trebuie, deci, niciodat pronunat.Se disting dou feluri de h:1.h
mut, naintea cruia se face eliziunea i care cere
legtura:lherbe[lrb] iarbales hommes[lezm] oamenii2.h aspirat,
naintea cruia nu se poate face eliziunea i care nu permite
legtura:la halte[laalt] -oprirea; les hros[leero]-eroii
Regula 5
Grupul phred sunetul f:philosophe[filzf]- filozof;
phosphore[fsfr]- fosfor
Regula 6
Pringrupul theste redat sunetul t:athne[atene]- ateneu;
thorie[teri]- teorie
Regula 7
Grupul scnaintea vocaleloreiise citetes:scne[sen]- scen;
science[sjs]- tiin
Regula 8
Grupul de vocale ou(transcris prin u de tipar) red pe u
romnesc:troupe[trup]- trup; ours[urs]- urs
Regula 9
Grupurile de vocale au, eausunt identice cu sunetul redat de
vocala o:automobile[tmabil]- automobil; tableau[tablo]- tablou
Regula 10
Grupul de vocale aieste identic cue nchis: gai[ge]- vesel saue
deschis: franais[frs]- francez.
Regula 11
Grupul eise pronun uneori ca une deschis[]: peine[pn]- trud;
Seine[sn]- Sena
Regula 12
n general, n limba francez consoanele finalenuse
pronun:porc[por]- porc; rond[r]- rotund; clei[kle]- cheie; sang[s]
snge; fusil[fyzi]- puc; loup[lu]- lup; pays[pei]- ar;
trot[tro]-trap; paix[p]- pace; nez[ne]- nas
Regula 13
Nuse pronun-r final al infinitivului verbelor din grupa I:
aimer[eme]- a iubi; parler[parle]- a vorbi
Regula 14
Consoana Xse pronun n general ca unx romnesci se transcrie
prinks:
sexe[sks]- sex; boxe[bks]- box
se pronun uneorigz: exact[gzakt] exact se pronunsla sfritul unor
cuvinte: six[sis]- ase; dix [dis] zece se pronun uneoriz:
deuxime[dzjm]- al doilea
Dac te gndeti c este un articol foarte lung, tiu acest lucru. De
asemenea, tiu c la nceput i se va prea foarte complicat tot ceea ce
am scris: attea combinaii de litere, de vocale i consoane, attea
reguli i observaii. Nimeni nu spune c limba francez este uoar. Dar
cel mai important este ctu vrei s nveii de asemenea, cai paii pe
care trebuie s-i urmezi pentru a o nva.
Eu mi doresc ca acest articol s te ajute s i mbunteti pronunia n
limba francez. Chiar mi doresc acest lucru i chiar m-a bucura s fie
aa.
Te rog chiar, s mi lai un comentariu i s mi spui cum i se pare i
ct de mult te ajut pe tine tot ce am scris eu aici. i mai am o
rugminte: trimite, te rog, acest articol prietenilor i cunotinelor
tale sau d-i un share pe paginile tale de socializare pentru a le
fi i lor de folos. i mulumesc!
PS.Nu uita!!!! Exerseaz i ascult n limba francez, n fiecare zi,
cte puin! Repetiia este mama nvturii!
DirectionalWords
rightthere
juste l
zhoostlah
across from
en face de
awnfawz duh
here
ici
ee-see
between
entre
awn-truh
over there
l-bas
lah bah
next to
ct de
ah koh-tay duh
to the right of
droite de
ah dwaht duh
near
prs de
preh duh
to the left of
gauche de
ah gohsh duh
far (from)
loin de
lwahn duh
straight ahead
tout droit
too dwah
at the end of
au fond de
oh fohn duh
in front of
devant
duh-vawn
at the top of
enhaut de
awnoh duh
behind
derrire
dare-ee-air
Toujours dans mon cur
Amour de ma vie
Pour toujours et jamais: "Forever and for always"
Tu es mon amour.
Ton amour est aussi prcieux que l'or. This phrase means:Your
love is as precious as gold.
Tu es pour moi la plus belle.
Tu es dans toutes mes penses. You are in all my thoughts.
C'est pour toi que je suis l. I am here for you.
Tu es ma meilleure amie. You are my best friend.
Mon cher couter la voix de mon cur qui dit les mots que je ne
pourrais pas vous dire.
Entre deuxcoeursqui saiment, nulbesoinde paroles.
Je regarde la tl/tlvision.I watch TV.
Je vais au thtre.I go to the theater.
Je lis des romans.I read novels.
Je vais la pche.I go fishing.
Je fais de la lecture.I read.
Je joue lordinateur.I play on the computer.
Je fais du cyclisme/vlo.I ride a bike.
Je fais du jardinage.I do gardening.
Je joue aux checs.I play chess.
Je fais du shopping.I go shopping.
Jcoute de la musique.I listen to music.
Je fais de la photographie.I do photography.
Je fais la cuisine.I cook.
Je fais du dessin.I draw.
Je vais au cinma.I go to the movies.
Jtudie le franais.I study French.
Je fais de la dance.I dance.- See more at:
Mai jos veti gasi lista celor mai importante abrevieri gasite in
limba Franceza:
l'ANPE: l'Agence nationale pur l'emploi
Agentia nationala pentru forta de munca
AUTOLIB: Masini de inchiriat, care se afla pe strazi
uneBD: une bande dessinee
Banda desenata
CDD: un contrat a duree determinee
un contract cu durata determinata
CDI: un contrat a duree nedeterminee
un contract cu durata nedeterminata
laCFDT: la Confederation francaise des travailleurs
Confederatia franceza a oamenilor muncii
DAB: distributeur automatique de billets
Distribuitor automat de bilete
DOM-TOM: Departement / Territoire d'Outre mer
Departament/Teritoriu din afara Frantei metropolitane
EDF-GDF: Electricite et gaz de France
Regia de electricitate si gaz a Frantei
FO: Force ovriere
Sindicatul Forta muncitoreasca
uneHLM: une habitation a loyer modere
o locuinta cu chirie mica
unPDG: un president-directeur general
un presedinte-director general
PME: petites et moyennes entreprises
Intreprinderi mici si mijlocii IMM-uri
lePS: le Parti Socialiste
Partidul Socialist (Francez)
leRER: le Reseau express regional
Reteaua regionala rapida
leRMI: le revenu minimum d'inseration
Venitul minim de insertie sociala
leRPR: le Rassemblement pour la Republique
Partidul Adunarea pentru Republica
SAMU: le Service d'aide medicale urbain
Serviciul de ajutor medical urban
unSDF: un sans-domicile fixe
o persoana fara domiciliu stabil
SEL: systeme d'echange local
Sistemul de schimb local
SMIC: le salaire minimum interprofessionnel de croissance
Salariul minim interprofesional de crestere (venitul minim al
unui salariat)
SNCF: la Societe nationale des chemins de fer
Societatea nationala a cailor ferate
TGV: le train a grande vitesse
Tren de mare viteza
VELIB:Bicicletele de inchiriat, care se afla pe strazi
un film enVO: un film en verion originale
Film in versiune originala
VRP: voyageur representant placier
Reprezentant comercial
VTT: velo tout lerrain
Bicicleta de teren
CQFD: Ce qu'il fallait demontrer/dire
Ceea ce era de demonstrat
HdB: heures de bureau
Ore de birou
RAS: Rien a signaler
Nimic de semnalat
RDV: Randez-vous
Programarea, fixarea unei intalniri
PSV: Patientez, s'il vous plait
Aveti rabdare, va rog
ROME:Rpertoire oprationnel des mtiers et des emplois
Lista meseriilor si locurilor de munca recunoscute in Franta
DDTEFP:Direction dpartementale du travail et de la formation
professionnelle
Departamentul de munca, angajare si formare profesionala
lANAEM:Agence nationale de l'accueil des trangers et des
migrants
Agentia nationala a strainilor si migratiei
OFII: Office Franais de l'Immigration et de l'Intgration
Oficiul francez de emigrare si integrare
Alfabetul Francez - Alfabetul in limba franceza
Alfabetul francezare 26 de litere dar la sapte dintre acestea se
pot adauga diferite accente considerate diacritice (acut, grav,
circumflex, umlaut, cedilla) precum si doua uniri de litere numite
ligaturi intre literele oe si ae. La fel ca si in limba romana in
franceza literele pot fi scrise atat cu majuscula"B"cat si cu
litera mica"b".
In aceasta lectie veti invata toate literele din limba franceza
inclusiv diacriticele impreuna cu pronuntia acestora.
Alfabetul in franceza=L'alphabet en Franais{lealfabe an
fransee}
Alfabetul Limbii Franceza
A a{a}
{a}
{a}
B b{be}
C c{se}
{se}
D d{de}
E e{eu}
{e}
{ee- e lung}
{ee- e lung}
{e / ee}
F f{ef}
G g{ge}
H h{a}
I i{i}
{i}
{i}
J j{gi}
K k{ca}
L l{el}
M m{em}
N n{en}
O o{o}
{o}
P p{p}
Q q{chiu}
R r{er}
S s{es}
T t{te}
U u{iu}
{uu}
{iu}
{iu}
V v{ve}
W w{dublu ve}
X x{ics}
Y y{igrec}
{igrec triema}
Z z{zet}
Ligaturile :
{ii}
{eo}Diacritice in limba franceza - Descriere si exemple de
cuvinte
In limba franceza se pun accente pe literelea, e, i, o, u, c, y,
in plus se formeaza ligaturileaesioe. In acesta lectie veti invata
mai multe despre fiecare tip de accent in franceza impreuna cu
exemple de cuvinte care contin aceste diacritice.
1. Accent acut=Accent aigu{acsan eghiu}Accentul acut in
francezase gaseste doar pe litera"e"si consta intr-o virgula
inclinata inspre dreapta"". Litera e cu accent acut se pronunta ca
litera "e" din limba romana, in franceza moderna este folosit acolo
unde inainte vocala ar fi fost precedata de o consoana.Cuvinte in
franceza care contin litera"e"cu accent acut:couter{echiute} = a
ascultatudiant{etudian} = studentcinma{sinema} = cinemacaf{cafe} =
cafeaprvenir{prevnir} = a avertiza2. Accent grav=accent grave{acsan
gravh}Accentul grav in francezase gaseste pe literelea, e, usi
consta intr-o virgula inclinata inspre partea stanga, , . Atunci
cand se afla pe litereleasiuajuta in unele cazuri la distingerea
dintre omonine (cuvinte care se pronunta la fel dar au sensuri
diferite)ex:{a} = la ->a{a} = are ;ou{u} = sau ->o{u} = unde
; iar cand se afla pe literaese pronunta ca un e mai lung.Cuvinte
in franceza care contin litera"a"cu accent grav:{sa} =
aicidel{de.la} = dincolo dedj{deja} = dejal{la} =
acoloObs!!!Singurul cuvant in franceza care contine litera"u"cu
accent grav esteoCuvinte in franceza care contin litera"e"cu accent
grav:fivre{fievr} = febrathme{tem} = temaarne{aren} =
arenacollge{colej} = colegiu3. Accent circumflex=accent
circonflexe{acsan sircumflex}Accentul circumflex in francezase
gaseste pe literelea, e, i, o, usi consta intr-o gamalie precum a
literei""din limba romana, , , , . Accentul circumflex are de
obicei rolul de a indica ca dupa el obisnuia inainte sa fie
literasori o vocala. De mentionat faptul ca accentul circumflex
dupa litereleisiunu mai este obligatoriu deoarece el nu serveste la
schimbarea pronuntiei sau pentru a face diferenta intre
omonime.Cuvinte in franceza care contin litera"a"cu accent
circumflex:btir{batir} = a construiple{pa.l} = pal, palidme{amh} =
sufletcre{acr} = acruCuvinte in franceza care contin litera"e"cu
accent circumflex:flure{feliur} = crapaturaconqute{conchet} =
cucerirefort{foree} = padureextrme{estremm} = extremaCuvinte in
franceza care contin litera"i"cu accent circumflex:une le{iun il} =
o insulaCuvinte in franceza care contin litera"o"cu accent
circumflex:cte{cott} = coasta (referire la mare)htel{otel} =
hotelbientt{bianto} = curandter{oti} = a indeparta, a stergeCuvinte
in franceza care contin litera"u"cu accent circumflex:sr{siur} =
sigurmr{miur} = maturfler{fliur} = floare4. Accent trem=accent
trma{acsan triema}Accentul trem in francezanumit si accent umlaut
se gaseste pe literelee, i, u, ysi consta in doua puncte deasupra
literei, , , . Acest accent este folosit atunci cand intr-un cuvant
se afla doua vocale una langa alta si ambele trebuiesc pronuntate.
Literaycu accent trema este folosita doar in unele nume proprii sau
in cuvinte franceze moderne.Cuvinte in franceza care contin
litera"e"cu accent trema (umlaut):ambigu{abighiu} =
ambigucano{canoe} = canoeIsral{Izrael} = IsraelNol{Noel} =
CraciunCuvinte in franceza care contin litera"i"cu accent trema
(umlaut):har{air} = urhrone{eroinn} = eroinarchaque{arca.ic} =
arhaicmas{meis} = porumbambigut{ambiguite} = ambiguitateCuvinte in
franceza care contin litera"u"cu accent trema
(umlaut):exige{egzighiue} = inghesuitarger{arguer} = a argumenta5.
Sedila (cedila)=cdille{sedile}Accentul cedila in francezase gaseste
doar pe literacsi consta intr-o virgula atasate literei in partea
de jos.Acest accent este folosit doar in fata literelora, o, u.
Francezii folosesc uneori acest accent la inceputul cuvintelor dar
niciodata la final.Cuvinte in franceza care contin litera"c"cu
cedila:garon{garson} = baiatleon{leson} = lectiea{sa} = acesta,
aceastafranais{franse} = francezaCand se folosesc ligaturilesiin
limba franceza:In limba franceza aceste ligaturi se numesc"e dans
l'o"/"e dans l'a"si sunt folosite deseori in cuvintele de origine
latina sau greaca, din pacate nu exista o regula anume pentru cand
se folosesc.Cuvinte in franceza care contin ligaturilesau:uvre{ovr}
= muncail{oil} = ochisur{soor} = soraquo{ecu} = cravatacurriculum
vit{curiculum vitee} = curiculum vite (CV)
Numerele in Franceza de la 1 la 100
Numerele in franceza 1-10
Cifra zero este scrisa la fel ca si in limba romana insa are un
accent acut pe litera"e"si se pronunta usor diferit, celelalte
cifre pana la 10 se scriu si se pronunta total diferit.0
-zro{zeroo}1 -un{an}2 -deux{dio}3 -trois{troa}4 -quatre{catr}5
-cinq{sanc}6 -six{sis}7 -sept{set}8 -huit{u.it}9 -neuf{neof}10
-dix{diz}
Numerele in franceza 11-20
Numerele franceze17, 18, 19sunt formate foarte simpluzece+
cifrele7, 8, 9=>dix+sept, huit, neuf11 -onze{onz}12
-douze{duz}13 -treize{treez}14 -quatorze{catorz}15 -quinze{chenz}16
-seize{sez}17 -dix-sept{di-set}18 -dix-huit{diz.uit}19
-dix-neuf{diz-neof}20 -vingt{va}Acum este timpul sa afli cum se
formeazanumerele in franceza dintre 21 si 69, nu este nevoie sa te
sperii pentru ca in realitate trebuie sa inveti doar numerele20,
30, 40, 50si60, numerele dintre se formeaza cu ajutorul numerelor
invatate pana acum:numerele mari(20, 30, 40, 50, 60) +cifrele 1, 2,
3 ... 9
21 -vingt et un{va e an}22 -vingt-deux{van-dio}23
-vingt-trois{van-troa}24 -vingt-quatre{van-catr}25
-vingt-cinq{van-sanc}26 -vingt-six{van-sis}27
-vingt-sept{van-set}28 -vingt-huit{van-uit}29
-vingt-neuf{van-neof}30 -trente{trant}31 -trente et un{trant e
an}32 -trente-deux{trant-dio}33 -trente-trois{trant-troa}34
-trente-quatre{trant-catr}35 -trente-cinq{trant-sanc}36
-trente-six{trant-siz}37 -trente-sept{trant-set}38
-trente-huit{trant-uit}39 -trente-neuf{trant-neof}40
-quarante{carant}41 -quarante et un{carant e an}42
-quarante-deux{carant-dio}43 -quarante-trois{carant-troa}44
-quarante-quatre{carant-catr}45 -quarante-cinq{carant-sanc}46
-quarante-six{carant-sis}47 -quarante-sept{carant-set}48
-quarante-huit{carant-uit}49 -quarante-neuf{carant-neof}50
-cinquante{sacant}51 -cinquante et un{sacant e an}52
-cinquante-deux{sacant-dio}53 -cinquante-trois{sacant-troa}54
-cinquante-quatre{sacant-catr}55 -cinquante-cinq{sacant-sanc}56
-cinquante-six{sacant-sis}57 -cinquante-sept{sacant-set}58
-cinquante-huit{sacant-uit}59 -cinquante-neuf{sacant-neof}60
-soixante{soasant}61 -soixante et un{soasant e an}62
-soixante-deux{soasant-dio}63 -soixante-trois{soasant-troa}64
-soixante-quatre{soasant-catr}65 -soixante-cinq{soasant-sanc}66
-soixante-six{soasant-sis}67 -soixante-sept{soasant-set}68
-soixante-huit{soasant-uit}69 -soixante-neuf{soasant-neof}Numerele
in franceza dintre 70 si 79se formeaza un pic diferit dar sunt la
fel de usor de memorat. Pastrezi 60 si adaugi numerele de la 10-19
=>soixante+dix, onze ... dix-neuf
70 -soixante-dix{soasant dis}71 -soixante et onze{soasant e
onz}72 -soixante-douze{soasant-duz}73
-soixante-treize{soasant-trez}74
-soixante-quatorze{soasant-catorz}75
-soixante-quinze{soasant-chenz}76 -soixante-seize{soasant-sez}77
-soixante-dix-sept{soasant-diz-set}78
-soixante-dix-huit{soasant-diz-uit}79
-soixante-dix-neuf{soasant-diz-neof}Numerele in franceza dintre 80
si 89sunt formate un pic mai ciudat deoarece traducerea numarului
80 in limba romana ar fi 4 de 20 =>quatre(4) +vingt(20). La
restul numerelor se adauga si cifrele de la1 .... 980
-quatre-vingt{catr-van}81 -quatre-vingt-un{catr-va-a}82
-quatre-vingt-deux{catr-van-deo}83
-quatre-vingt-trois{catr-van-troa}84
-quatre-vingt-quatre{catr-van-catr}85
-quatre-vingt-cinq{catr-van-sanc}86
-quatre-vingt-six{catr-van-siz}87
-quatre-vingt-sept{catr-van-set}88
-quatre-vingt-huit{catr-van-uit}89
-quatre-vingt-neuf{catr-van-neof}
Numerele in franceza dintre 90 si 99se formeaza foarte similar
cu cele dintre 70-79 dar inlocuiesti soixante (60)
cuquatre-vingt(80) +numerele de la10 ... 19
90 -quatre-vingt-dix{catr-van-dis}91
-quatre-vingt-onze{catr-van-onz}92
-quatre-vingt-douze{catr-van-duz}93
-quatre-vingt-treize{catr-van-trez}94
-quatre-vingt-quatorze{catr-van-catorz}95
-quatre-vingt-quinze{catr-van-chenz}96
-quatre-vingt-seize{catr-van-sez}97
-quatre-vingt-dix-sept{catr-van-di-set}98
-quatre-vingt-dix-huit{catr-van-diz-uit}99
-quatre-vingt-dix-neuf{catr-van-diz-neof}100 -cent{san}
Numerele in franceza 100 - 10 000+
Daca ai invatat sa numeri corect pana la 100 iti va fi foarte
simplu sa numeri pana la o mie deoarece nu trebuie sa inveti decat
structura cu ajutorul careia vei forma restul numerelor.
Iti reamintesc ca 100 se scrie in limba franceza'cent'{san},
restul numerelor din suta in suta pana la 1000 se formeaza adaugand
denumirea cifrelor 1-9 in fata cuvantului'cent'+'s'
100 -cent{san}200 -deux cents{dio san}300 -trois cents{troa
san}400 -quatre cents{catr san}500 -cinq cents{sanc san}600 -six
cents{sis san}700 -sept cents{set san}800 -huit cents{uit san}900
-neuf cents{neof san}In limba franceza numerele de genul 101-999 se
formeaza la fel ca si in limba romana, mai intai spui cuvantul
pentru sute si dupa adaugi restul numarului. De retinut faptul ca
atunci cand cuvantul'cent'se afla la sfarsitul numarului primeste
un's'dar atunci cand se afla in interiorul numarului's'-ul
dispare.101 -cent un102 -cent deux103 -cent
trois.......................125 -cent
vingt-cinq.......................182 -cent
quatre-vingt-deux.......................206 -deux cent six207 -deux
cent sept.......................211 -deux cent
onze.......................267 -deux cent
soixante-sept.......................305 -trois cent cinq306 -trois
cent six.......................399 -trois cent
quatre-vingt-dix-neuf.......................416 -quatre cent
seize417 -quatre cent dix-sept.......................545 -cinq cent
quarante-cinq546 -cinq cent quarante-six.......................608
-six cent huit.......................732 -sept cent trente-deux733
-sept cent trente-trois.......................820 -huit cent
vingt821 -huit cent vingt et un.......................998 -neuf
cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit999 -neuf cent quatre-vingt-dix-neuf1000
-milleNumerele in franceza peste 1000se formeaza la fel ca si in
limba romana, spui mai intai miile, sutele si dupa zecile. Spre
deosebire de sute la cuvantul'mille'nu se mai adauga un's'.2000
-deux mille.......................2500 -deux mille cinq cents2501
-deux mille cinq cent un.......................3000 -trois
mille.......................3231 -trois mille deux cent trente et
un.......................9998 -neuf mille neuf cent
quatre-vingt-dix-huit9999 -neuf mille neuf cent
quatre-vingt-dix-neuf10 000 -dix milleIn limba franceza atunci cand
scrii numere peste 1000 folosesti fie punctul fie un mic spatiu
intre cifre precum in exemplul:9.998/9 998Numerele peste 10.000 se
formeaza la fel ca cele peste o mie, zecile de mii, sutele si
zecile.10 578 -dix mille cinq cent
soixante-dix-huit.......................13 045 -treize mille
quarante-cinq.......................100 000 -cent
mille.......................1 000 000 -un
million.......................2 000 000 -deux
millions.......................2 800 107 -deux million huit cent
mille cent sept.......................un miliard -un milliarddoua
miliarde -deux milliardsObservati ca denumirea pentru milion si
miliard preia acel's'atunci cand se afla la capatul numarului.O
mica recapitulara pentrunumerele 100, 1000, 10 000+ in limba
franceza100 -cent1000 -mille10 000 -dix mille100 000 -cent mille1
000 000 -un million1 000 000 000 -un milliard
Zilele saptamanii in Franceza
In limba franceza zilele saptamanii se numesc 'les jours de la
semaine' {le jur de la semen}.
Zilele saptamanii in franceza:
zi lucratoare = jour de travail {jur de travaie}
luni = lundi {landii}
marti = mardi {mardii}
miercuri = mercredi {mercrdi}
joi = jeudi {jodii}
vineri = vendredi {vandrdi}
sfarsit de saptamana = fin de semaine {fan de semen}
sambata = samedi {samdii}
duminica = dimanche {diman}
In franceza zilele saptamanii nu se scriu cu litera majuscula
decat daca se afla la inceputul propozitiei, sunt de genul masculin
si toate denumirile zilelor se termina in ' -di ' cu exceptia zilei
de duminica. Calendarele franceze incep saptamana ca cele romanesti
cu ziua de luni si se termina cu ziua de duminica.
Alte cuvinte in franceza ce au legatura cu zilele:
o zi = un jour {an jur}
o saptamana = une semaine {iun semen}
ieri = hier {ier}
azi = aujourd'hui {ojurdui}
maine = demain {dema}
saptamana aceasta = cette semaine {set semen}
saptamana viitoare = la semaine prochaine {la seman proen}
saptamana trecuta = la semaine dernire {la seman dernier}
Partile zilei in Franceza:
zori de zi =l'aube{lob}rasarit =le lever de soleil{le levee diu
soleil}dimineata =le matin{le matan}amiaza, pranz, miezul zilei
=midi{mi.di}seara =le soir{le suar}apus de soare =le coucher de
soleil{le cue de soleil}noapte =la nuit{la nuii}miezul noptii
=minuit{mi.nuii}
In limba franceza lunile anului se numesc'Les mois de lanne'{le
moa del anee}Lunile anului in franceza cu pronuntie:
ianuarie =janvier{janvie}februarie =fvrier{fevrie}martie
=mars{mars}aprilie =avril{avril}mai =mai{me}iunie =juin{jun}iulie
=juillet{juile}august =aot{ut}septembrie
=septembre{septambr}octombrie =octobre{octob}noiembrie
=novembre{novebr}decembrie =dcembre{desambr}Mai jos veti invata cum
sa folosesti in exprimare lunile anului in franceza impreuna cu
diverse prepozitii sau structuri:
'en'+numele unei luni=' n '+ numele unei luniEx:en mars{an mars}
= in martieO expresie foarte folosita in limba franceza in legatura
cu denumirea lunile este'Au mois de ... 'traducerea exacta fiind'In
luna lui ... 'Ex:Au mois de juin{u moa de jua} = In luna lui
iunieDaca vrei sa spui ca ceva s-a intamplat dupa o anumita luna
folosesti prepozitia'depuis'Ex:depuis octobre{depuii octob} = dupa
octombrie (din octombrie incoace)un mois{an moa} = o lunace mois{se
moa} = luna aceastale mois prochain{le moa proan} = luna viitoarece
janvier{se javie} = in acest ianuarie (in luna ianuarie a acestui
an)en janvier dernier{an javie dernie} = ianuarie trecut (luna
ianuarie a anului trecut)en janvier prochain{an javie proan} =
ianuarie viitor (luna ianuarie a anului viitor)de janvier avril{de
javie a avril} = din ianuarie in apriliele 8 janvier{le 8 javie} =
(pe) data de 8 ianuariele mardi 8 janvier{le mardi 8 javie} = marti
8 ianuariedu vendredi 10 janvier{du vandrdi 10 javie} = din data de
10 ianuarie
Anotimpurile in franceza cu pronuntie:
primavara =printemps{prantam}vara =t{etee}toamna
=automne{oton}iarna =hiver{iver}Mai jos veti invata cum sa
folosesti in exprimare anotimpurile in franceza impreuna cu diverse
prepozitii sau structuri:in timpul primaverii =au printemps{o
pranta}in timpul verii =en t{an ete}in timpul toamnei =en
automne{an oton}in timpul iarnii =en hiver{an iver}in aceasta
primavara =ce printemps{se pranta}in aceasta vara =cet t{set ete}in
aceasta toamna =cet automne{set oton}in aceasta iarna =cet
hiver{set iver}vara trecuta, in vara trecuta =l't dernier, en t
dernier{lete dernie, an ete dernie}vara viitoare, in vara viitoare
=l't prochain, en t prochain{lete proan, an ete proan}in timpul
verii =pendant l't{pandaa lete}in vara anului 2013 =pendant l't de
2013{pandaa lete de 2013}in timpul lunilor de vara =pendant les
mois d't{pandaa le moa dete}o vara ploioasa =un t pluvieux{iun ete
pliuvio}
Culorile principale in franceza:
culorile =les couleurs{le culioor}
Culori
Masculin sing
Feminin sing
Masculin plural
Feminin plural
alb
blanc{blaa}
blanche{blan}
blancs
blanches
negru
noir{nuar}
noire{nuar}
noirs
noires
gri
gris{gri}
grise{griz}
gris
grises
maro
marron{maruu}
marron{maruu}
marron
marron
rosu
rouge{ruuj}
rouge{ruuj}
rouges
rouges
roz
rose{rooz}
rose{rooz}
roses
roses
portocaliu
orange{oranj}
orange{oranj}
orange
orange
galben
jaune{jun}
jaune{jun}
jaunes
jaunes
verde
vert{veer}
verte{vert}
verts
vertes
albastru
bleu{bleo}
bleue{bleo}
bleus
bleues
violet
violet{viole}
violette{violet}
violets
violettes
Pronuntia pentru toate culorile in franceza o gasiti intre
paranteze, de retinut faptul ca la forma de plural culorile se
pronunta ca la singular.
In limba franceza toate cuvintele pentru culori sunt adjective,
acestea preiau genul si numarul substantivului sau pronumelui pe
care il descriu. Este foarte important sa inveti forma de masculin
singular al culorilor in franceza deoarece pentru forma de feminin
singular sau formele de plural trebuie doar sa adaugi niste
terminatii. Unele culori sunt mai simplu de invatat pentru ca raman
la fel precum'orange'.
Cu unele exceptii terminatiile pentru culorile in franceza sunt:
la feminin singular se adauga un'e', la masculin plural se adauga
un's'iar la feminin plural un'es'
Daca vrei sa faci referire la o nuanta a unei culori folosesti
cuvant'clair'pentru nuantele mai deschise si'fonc'pentru culorile
mai inchise. De retinut faptul ca aceste doua cuvinte nu se
modifica in functie de gen si numar.
albastru deschis =bleu clair{bleo cler}albastru inchis =bleu
fonc{bleo fonse
Animale domestice in franceza:
vaca =la vache{la va}porc =le cochon{le coon}oaie =le mouton{le
moton}capra =la chvre{la evr}cal =le cheval{le eval}soarece =la
souris{la sori}gaina, pui =le poulet{le pulee}rata =le canard{le
canaar}gasca =l'oie{loie}
Animale de companie in franceza:
pisica =le chat{le ceat}catel =le chien{le ian}hamster =le
hamster{le amster}Animale salbatice in franceza:
urs =l'ours{le urs}porc spinos =le porc-pic{le porc epic}lup =le
loup{le lu}elefant =l'lphant{elefan}girafa =la girafe{la
jiraf}leopard =le lopard{le leopaar}leu =le lion{le lio}urs panda
=le panda{le pandaa}pantera =le panthre{le panteer}tigru =le
tigre{le tigr}zebra =le zbre{le zebr}antilopa
=l'antilope{antilop}castor =le castor{le castoor}caprioara, cerb
=le cerf{le ceer}vulpe =le renard{le renaar}vidra =la loutre{la
lutr}iepure =le lapin{la lapan}raton =le raton-laveur{le raton
laver}veverita =l'cureuil{echiureil}maimuta =le singe{le
saanj}bivol =le buffle{le bufl}camila =le chameau{le amo}ghepard
=le gupard{le ghepaar}gorila =la gorille{la goriie}cangur =le
kangourou{le cangaruu}rinocer =le rhinocros{le rinoceros}Animale
acvatice in franceza :
peste =le poisson{le poason}delfin =le dauphin{le dofaan}rechin
=le requin{le rechian}balena =la baleine{la belen}
Reptile in franceza :
crocodil =le crocodile{le crocodil}broasca =la grenouille{la
gronuil}soparla =le lzard{le lezaar}sarpe =le serpent{le
serpo}broasca testoasa =la tortue{la tortiu}Insecte in franceza
:
furnica =la fourmi{la furmi}albina =l'abeille{labee}fluture =le
papillon{le papi-ion}gandac =le cafard{le cafaar}melc
=l'escargot{lescargo}paianjan =l'araigne{larainee}
Legumele in franceza:
o legum =un lgume{a leghium}legume =les lgumes{le legium}ardei
gras =le poivron{le poavroo}cartof =la pomme de terre{la pom diu
teer}castravete =le concombre{le concombr}ceap =un oignon{a
oni-o}ciuperc =le champignon{le ampinion}conopid =le chou-fleur{le
o-flior}dovlecel =une courgette{iun curjet}dovleac, bostan =la
citrouille{la sitroile}mazre =les petits pois{le petit poa}morcov
=la carotte{la carot}porumb =le mas{le mais}praz =le poireau{le
puaro}ridiche =le radis{le radi}roie =la tomate{la tomat}spanac
=les pinards{lez epinaar}elin = le cleri {le seleri}usturoi
=lail{lail}varz =le chou{le o}vnt =l'aubergine{l'oberjin}
Fructe in Franceza :
fruct =le fruit{le fruii}fructe =les fruits{lez fruii}ananas
=l'ananas{lananas}banana =la banane{la banan}caisa
=l'abricot{labrico}capsuna =la fraise{la frez}cireasa =la cerise{la
seriz}coacaze =la myrtille{la mirtiie}grefa =la pamplemousse{la
pamp.le.muus}lamaie =le citron{le sitron}lamaie verde =le citron
vert{le sitron veer}mar =la pomme{la pom}mure =la mre{la miur}nuca
de cocos =le noix de coco{le nua du coco}para =la poire{la
puar}pepene galben =le melon{le meloon}pepene verde =la pastque{la
pastec}piersica =la pche{la pe}portocala =l'orange{loranj}prune =la
prune{la priuun}stafide =le raisin sec{le rezan sec}strugure =le
raisin{le rezan}zmeura =la framboise{la frambuaz}
Alimente in franceza:
alimente, mancare =la nourriture{la nurituur}branza (cascaval)
=le fromage{le fromaj}carnat =la saucisse{la sosis}friptura =le
bifteck{le bif.tec}galbenus de ou =le jaune d'oeuf{le jon
diof}iaurt =le yaourt{le iaurt}orez =le riz{le rii}ou
=l'oeuf{leof}peste =le poisson{le puason}paine =le pain{le pa}salam
=la salami{la sa.la.mi}salata =la salade{la salad}sunca =le
jambon{le jamboo}unt =le beurre{le beer}piper =le poivre{le
puavr}sare =le sel{le sel}zahar =le sucre{le sucr}sos =le sauce{le
sos}ulei =l'huile{luil}otet =le vinaigre{le vinegr}Tipuri de carne
in franceza :
carne =la viande{la viand}carne de curcan =de la dinde{deo la
dand}carne de gaina =de la poule{deo la pul}carne de iepure =du
lapin{diu lapan}carne de miel =de l'agneau{de lagneo}carne de porc
=du porc{diu porh}carne de pui =du poulet{diu pu.lee}carne de rata
=du canard{diu canaar}carne de cerb =du chevreuil{diu evroil}carne
de vita =du boeuf{diu boof}carne de vitel =du veau{diu vo}picioare
de broasca =des cuisses de grenouille{de chius de gronuile}
Tipuri de peste in franceza :
hering =du hareng{diu haran}macrou =du maquereau{diu
macro}pastrav =de la truite{deo la triit}sardine =des sardines{dez
sardin}somon =du saumon{diu so.mo}ton =du thon{diu to}Deserturi in
franceza :
desert =le dessert{le desert}biscuite, frusec =le biscuit{le
biscuii}bomboane =les bonbons{le bon.bon}ciocolata =le chocolat{le
ocola}inghetata, gheata =la glace{la glas}placinta =la tarte{la
tart}tort =le gteau{le gato}vanilie =la vanille{la vani.ie}Bauturi
in franceza :
bauturi =les boissons{le boason}apa =l'eau{lo}apa plata =eau
plate{o plaat}apa minerala / carbogazoasa =eau minrale /
ptillante{o mineral / petiant}bere =la bire{la bier}cafea =le
caf{le cafee}cafea cu lapte =caf au lait{cafe o le}ceai =le th{le
te}ciocolata fierbinte =chocolat chaud{ocola o}cola
=Coca{co.ca}lapte =le lait{leo le}limonada =la citronnade
(limonade){la sitronad / limonad}suc =le jus{le ju}vin =le vin{la
van}
Partile corpului omului in franceza:
corp =le corps{le coorp}corpul omenesc =le corps humain{le corp
hiuman}Cap, fata si gat in limba franceza:cap =la tte{la tet}pr
=les cheveux{lez ovoo}fa =le visage{le visaj}ureche =une
oreille{iun oreii}urechile =les oreilles{lez oreii}frunte =le
front{le fron}ochii =les yeux{le io}un ochi =un il{an oie}nas =le
nez{le ne}obraz =la joue{la ju}obraji =les joues{le ju}gur =la
bouche{la bu}buz =la lvre{la levr}buze =les lvres{le levr}dinte =la
dent{la dahn}dini =les dents{le dahn}limb =la langue{la lang}brbie
=le menton{le manto}gt =le cou{le cu}ceaf =la nuque{la
nuc}interiorul gtului =la gorge{la gorj}Partea de sus a corpului in
franceza:spatele =le dos{le do}umeri =les paules{lez epol}umr =une
paule{iun epol}piept =la poitrine{la poatrin}sni =les seins{lez
san}sfrc =le mamelon{le mamelon}abdomen =l'abdomen{labdomen}buric
=le nombril{le nombril}stomac =un estomac{an estoma}old =la
hanche{la an}brae =les bras{le bra}bra =le bras{le bra}subra
=aisselle{esel}coate =les coudes{le cud}cot =le coude{le
cud}incheietura minii =le poignet{le poa.ne}mini =les mains{le
mahn}degete =les doigts{le dua}degetul mare =le pouce{le
pus}arttorul =l'index{landex}degetul mijlociu =le majeur{le
majoor}inelarul =l'annulaire{lanuleir}degetul mic =le petit
doigt{le petit dua}unghii =les ongles{lez ongl}Partea de jos a
corpului in franceza:fese =les fesses{le fes}picior =la jambe{la
jamb}picioare =les jambes{le jamb}coapse =les cuisses{le
chiuis}genunchi =le genou{le jenu}genunchii =les genoux{le
jenu}glezn =la cheville{la evi.ie}glezne =les chevilles{le
evi.ie}clcie =les talons{le taloon}clci =le talon{le taloon}talp
=le pied{le pie}tlpi =les pieds{le pie}degetele de la picioare =les
orteils{lez orteie}
Denumirea membrilor unei familii in franceza:
familie =la famille{la famie}parinti =les parents{le paraan}sot
=le mari{le marii}sotie =la femme{la faam}mama =la mre{la meer}mama
vitrega =la belle-mre{la bel meer}tata =le pre{le peer}tata vitreg
=le beau-pre{le bo peer}copil =l'enfant{lanfa}bebel =le bb{le
be.be}frate =le frre{le freer}sora =la sur{la soor}baiatul =le
fils{le fis}fica =la fille{la fiie}bunici =les grand-parents{lez
gran paraan}bunic =le grand-pre{le gran peer}bunica =la
grand-mre{la gran meer}nepoti =les petits-enfants{lez
petits-anfaan}unchi =l'oncle{loncl}matusa =la tante{la taant}nepot
=le neveu{le nevoo}nepoata =la nice{la nies}verisor =le cousin{le
cuzaan}verisoara =la cousine{la cuzin}Membri familiei in urma
casatoriei:cumnata =la belle-sur{la bel soor}cumnat =le
beau-frre{le boo freer}soacra =la belle-mre{la bel meer}socru =le
beau-pre{le bo peer}nora =la belle-fille{la bel fiie}ginere =le
beau-fils{le bo fis}Familia inaintea casatoriei :iubit, prieten =le
petit-ami{le petii amii}iubita, prietena =la petite-amie{la petit
amii}relatie =le relations{le relasion}Obs!!!In limba franceza sunt
trei forme de a spune'al meu', in functie de gen este'mon'pentru
masculin (mon frre),'ma'pentru feminin (ma mre) si pentru plural
folosesti intodeauna'mes'(mes parents).
Intrebari si raspunsuri posibile despre membrii familiei in
franceza:eu am =j'ai{je}Ai frati? =Avez-vous des frres ?{Ave-vu de
freer?}Da, am un frate =Oui, jai un frre.{Ui, je an freer}Ai copii?
=Avez-vous des enfants?{Ave-vu dez anfaa?}Da, am copii. =Oui, jai
des enfants.{Ui, je dez anfaa}Esti casatorit(a) =tes-vous mari
?{Ete vu ma.ri.e?}Da, sunt casatorit(a) =Oui, je suis mari{Ui, je
suii ma.ri.e}Nu, nu sunt casatorit(a) =Non, je ne suis pas mari{No,
je ne suii pa ma.ri.e}Sunt singur(a) =Je suis clibataire.{Je suii
selibateer}Suntem divortati =Nous sommes divorcs.{Nuz soom
divorsee}Acestia sunt bunicii mei =Ils sont mes grands-parents.{Ilz
son mez gran-paraan}Acestia sunt bunica si bunicul meu =Ils sont ma
grand-mre et mon grand-pre{Ilz son ma grand-meer e mon
grand-peer}
cat este ceasul in Franceza | Ora in Franceza
In acest articol vei invata cum sa citestiora / ceasul in limba
francezacu ajutorul unor reguli si expresii folositoare. Ar fi de
ajutor sa recapitulezi lectiaNumerele 1-100pentru a te putea
concentra doar pe regulile si expresiile noi.
In limba franceza nu se folosesc termeniia.m.sip.m.in schimb
poti folosi cuvintele'du matin'pentru a.m. si'de l'aprs-midi'pentru
perioada dintre pranz si ora 18:00 dupa care poti folosi'du
soir'pana la miezul noptii. (invata mai multe desprePartile zilei).
Este totusi bine de mentionat faptul ca de obicei in limba franceza
timpul este exprimat pe 24h.
In limba franceza atunci cand vrei sa scrii ora, in loc sa
desparti ora de minute prin doua puncte folosesti litera'h'precum
:15h23
Atunci cand doresti sa intrebi'Cat este ceasul?'in franceza se
foloseste cel mai des expresia'Quelle heure est-il ?'{Che oor et
il?}, mai jos vei gasi o serie de raspunsuri posibile pentru a
intelege mai bine cum se citeste ora in limba franceza.
1:00
-Il est une heure {Il et iun oor} = Este ora unu
-Il est deux heures{Il et doz oor} = Este ora doua
Obs!!!In limba franceza nu poti citi o ora fara sa precizezi si
cuvantul'heure(s)'
Politicos este ca raspunsul sa inceapa intodeauna cu'Il est
...'care ar fi precum in limba romana'Este ora ...'insa este un
raspuns acceptat ca fiind corect si daca contine direct
ora:(Ex)13h00 - Une-heure de laprs-midi
1:10
-Une heure dix{Iun oor diz} = unu si zece
-Une-heure dix de laprs-midi{Iun oor diz de la premidi} = unu si
zece dupa-amiaza
-Une-heure dix du matin{Iun oor diz du matan} = unu zi zece
dimineata
3:30
-Il est trois heures et demie{Il e troaz oor e demi} = Este ora
3 jumate
-Il est trois heures trente{Il e troaz oor trant} = Este ora 3
si 30 minute
4:45
-Il est cinq heures moins le quart{Il et sanc oor moa le caar} =
Un sfert de ora pana la ora 5
-Il est cinq heures moins quinze{Il et sanc oor moa canz} = Este
ora 5 fara 15 minute
-Il est quatre heures quarante-cinq{Il et catr oor carant sanc}
= Este ora 4 si 45 minute.
Alte intrebari si raspunsuri posibilie referitoare la ora in
limba franceza :
Auriez-vous l'heure, s'il vous plat ?{Aurie vu leoor, sil vu
ple?} = Imi spuneti ora, va rog?
C'est quelle heure ?{Set a cheel oor?} = La ce ora este? (un
eveniment, ceva ce urmeaza a se intampla)
Le concert est quelle heure?{Le consert et a cheel oor?} =
Concertul la ce ora este?
Il arrive dans trois quarts dheure{Il ariv dan trua catr deoor}
= Vine in 45 de minute
Il est cinq heures pile / cinq heures prcises{Il et sanc oor pil
/ sanc oor presis} = Esta ora 5 fix
Il est presque minuit{Il e presche mi.nuii} = Este aproape
miezul noptii
Cuvinte legate de timp in Franceza
Cu ajutorul acestei lectii in care iti vei dezvolta vocabularul
invatand cuvinte noi despre timp in franceza iti va fi mult mai
simplu sa-ti faci o programare sau sa porti conversatii uzuale cu
noii tai prieteni vorbitori de limba franceza.
acum =maintenant{man.te.na}mai tarziu =plus tard{pliu
tar}inainte =avant{avan}cu putin timp in urma =il y peu de temps{il
i a peo de tamp}imediat =tout de suite{tut de suit}la timp =
l'heure{a loor}mai devreme =en avance{an avans}mai tarziu =en
retard{an retaar}minut(e) =minute(s){miniut}ora / ore
=heure(s){oor}ieri =hier{ier}azi =aujourd'hui{ojurduii}maine
=demain{demaa}zilnic =quotidien{cotidiaan}in fiecare zi =tous les
jours{tiuz le jur}saptamana trecuta =la semaine passe/dernire{la
semen pasee / dernier}saptamana viitoare =la semaine prochaine{la
semen proen}o data pe saptamana =une fois par semaine{iun foa par
semen}in fiecare saptamana =toutes les semaines{tut le semen}lunar
=mensuel{mansuel}anual =annuel{anuel}
