Bertrand Russell

Traditional Power

Naked Power

Revolutionary Power

Hereditary Power – “gentlemen”

Bertrand Russell

Intellectual Power

CEOs

Political Power – Machine/charisma

Bertrand Russell

Influencing individuals by power/rewards/influencing opinion

Pig/donkey/performing animals

Max Weber

“the probability that an actor in a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance, regardless of the basis on which this probability rests”

Max Weber

“the chance of a man or a number of men to realize their own will even against the resistance of others who are participating in the action”

actual or hypothetical?

Robert Dahl

“The Concept of Power”

“A has the power over B to the extent that he can get B to do something that B would not otherwise do”

A manipulate B to do same thing in different way? – run/jump

Steven Lukes

“A Radical View”

Critique & all Weber/Dahl talking about is power over something else – behavioural

1-dimensional power

Bachrach & Baratz

“Two Faces of Power”

“to the extent that a person or group – consciously or unconsciously – creates or reinforces barriers to the public airing of policy conflicts, that person or group has power”

Bachrach & Baratz

Key issues

Coercion/influence/authority/force/manipulation

Controlling the agenda – government/media

Steven Lukes

“A Radical View”

3rd dimension – “power can shape & modify beliefs & desires in way individuals do not want and against their interests”

“Who can control whom?”

Steven Lukes

Make some more attractive at expense of others

Newspapers – cost or ban?

Communist societies – participation mass demonstrations/party membership

1st Dimension

Lukes, A Radical ViewFocus Behaviour Decision-making Issues Overt conflict Subjective interests

2nd Dimension

Focus Decision/non-decision making Issues & potential issues Overt or covert conflict Subjective interests

3rd Dimension

Focus Decision-making & control over

agenda Issues & potential issues Overt,covert & latent conflict Subjective & real interests

Conclusions

Russell – multifaceted Weber – recognise own will

regardless of others Dahl – control over someone else Bachrach & Baratz – ability to

control agenda Lukes – control even if against

interests

Conclusions

1-dimensional – behavioural

2-dimensional – decision/non-decision making

3-dimensional – decision making & control over agenda