BENTUK-BENTUK LAPORAN BENTUK-BENTUK LAPORAN KEUANGANKEUANGAN

Pertemuan 3Pertemuan 3

Murniadi Purboatmodjo Murniadi Purboatmodjo

MatakuliahMatakuliah : F0282 - Analisis Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan: F0282 - Analisis Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan

TahunTahun : 2009: 2009

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BAB III Bentuk-bentuk laporan BAB III Bentuk-bentuk laporan keuangankeuangan

• Income statementsIncome statements• Statement of stockholders’ equityStatement of stockholders’ equity• Balance sheetsBalance sheets• Statement of cash flowsStatement of cash flows• NotesNotes

Mari kita review mengenai Income Statement dan Mari kita review mengenai Income Statement dan Balance sheet, yang merupakan dasar dalam Balance sheet, yang merupakan dasar dalam menganalisa suatu Laporan Keuanganmenganalisa suatu Laporan Keuangan

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1. INCOME STATEMENT1. INCOME STATEMENT a summary of revenues and expenses and gains and a summary of revenues and expenses and gains and

losses, ending with net income losses, ending with net income For particular period of time : For particular period of time : For the Year Ended...For the Year Ended... Multiple-step formatMultiple-step format, presented separately of :, presented separately of :

Gross profitGross profit Operating incomeOperating income Income before taxesIncome before taxes Net income Net income

Single-step format, Single-step format, determining the net income bydetermining the net income by deducting total expenses and losses deducting total expenses and losses from from the total revenues and gainsthe total revenues and gains

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Basic Elements of the Income Basic Elements of the Income StatementStatement

Net Sales (Revenues)Net Sales (Revenues) Cost of Goods SoldCost of Goods Sold Other Operating RevenueOther Operating Revenue Operating ExpensesOperating Expenses Other Income or ExpenseOther Income or Expense

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Net SalesNet Sales

Revenue from the sale of principal goods or Revenue from the sale of principal goods or services sold to customersservices sold to customers

Shown net ofShown net of DiscountsDiscounts ReturnsReturns AllowancesAllowances

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Cost of Goods SoldCost of Goods Sold

The cost of goods that were sold to produce revenueThe cost of goods that were sold to produce revenue Retailer Manufacturer

o Beginning Inventory Beginning Inventoryo + Purchases + Cost of goods sold Manufacturedo – Ending Inventory - Ending Inventoryo = Cost of Goods Sold = Cost of Goods sold o A A service firmservice firm will not have COGS or cost of sales will not have COGS or cost of sales it will it will

often have cost of serviceoften have cost of service

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Other Operating RevenueOther Operating Revenue

Reflects the nature of the businessReflects the nature of the business Depending on the operations of the Depending on the operations of the

business, business, ExamplesExamples

Lease revenueLease revenue Royalty revenueRoyalty revenue Finance chargesFinance charges Commission revenueCommission revenue

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Operating ExpensesOperating Expenses

Consist of 2 types :Consist of 2 types : Selling expensesSelling expenses

Result from the company’s effort to create salesResult from the company’s effort to create sales ExamplesExamples

AdvertisingAdvertising Sales commissionsSales commissions Sales supplies usedSales supplies used

Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses

Relate to the general administration of the company’s Relate to the general administration of the company’s operationoperation

ExamplesExamples SalariesSalaries InsuranceInsurance Bad debt expenseBad debt expense

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Other Income or ExpenseOther Income or Expense

Secondary activities not directly related to Secondary activities not directly related to operationsoperations

o Dividend incomeDividend incomeo Interest incomeInterest incomeo Gains (losses) from sale of assetsGains (losses) from sale of assetso Interest expenseInterest expense

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Reconciliation of Retained EarningsReconciliation of Retained Earnings

Reported as part of the Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

or combined with the income Statement

Beginning of year balance of retained earningsBeginning of year balance of retained earnings

++ Prior period adjustmentsPrior period adjustments

±± Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principleCumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

== Beginning balance as adjustedBeginning balance as adjusted

++ Net incomeNet income

–– DividendsDividends

== End-of-year balance of retained earningsEnd-of-year balance of retained earnings

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2. The Balance Sheet2. The Balance Sheet

Balance Sheet (BS) Balance Sheet (BS) ““Statement of Financial Position”Statement of Financial Position” Consist of :Consist of :

{ASSETS = LIABILITIES + STOCKHOLDERS’ {ASSETS = LIABILITIES + STOCKHOLDERS’

EQUITY}EQUITY} Dated as of a specific dateDated as of a specific date FormatFormat

o AccountAccounto ReportReport

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AssetsAssets

• Probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events

- Current Assets those assets (1)  in the form of cash (cash, deposit), (2) that will normally be realized in cash, or (3) that conserves the use of cash during the operating cycle of a firm or for 1 year, whichever is larger

- - Long-Term Assets (Non Current Assets) those assets that do not qualify as current and take longer than 1 year to be converted to cash or to conserve cash in long run

2 Types: Physical Nature/Tangible land, building, etc Intangible trademarks, patents

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Cash and assets that will be converted into cash during Cash and assets that will be converted into cash during the operating cycle or within a year, whichever is the operating cycle or within a year, whichever is longerlonger

Presented in order of liquidityPresented in order of liquidity

CASHCASH

MARKETABLE SECURITIESMARKETABLE SECURITIES

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLESACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES

INVENTORYINVENTORY

PREPAIDSPREPAIDS

OTHER CAOTHER CA

Current AssetsCurrent Assets

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Long-Term (Non Current) Assets : Long-Term (Non Current) Assets : TangibleTangible

Tangible : Physical facilities used in the operations Tangible : Physical facilities used in the operations of the of the

businessbusiness

Consist of :Consist of : LandLand BuildingsBuildings MachineryMachinery Constraction in progressConstraction in progress Accumulated Depreciation : Depreciation Accumulated Depreciation : Depreciation the process of the process of

allocating the cost of buildings/machinery over the periods allocating the cost of buildings/machinery over the periods of benefit (depreciable life)of benefit (depreciable life)

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Long-Term (Non Current) Assets : Long-Term (Non Current) Assets : Tangible (cont’ d)Tangible (cont’ d)

Leases : Leases :

-Capital Lease-Capital Lease

Investment: Investment:

- Debt or equity securities- Debt or equity securities

- Debt classification- Debt classification

- Equity Securities- Equity Securities

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Long-Term Assets: IntangiblesLong-Term Assets: Intangibles

Intangibles : non-physical assetsIntangibles : non-physical assets recorded at historical cost, recorded at historical cost, generally amortized over their useful lives or their generally amortized over their useful lives or their

legal lives; whichever is shorter (legal lives; whichever is shorter (< 40 years)< 40 years)

Consist of :Consist of :o GoodwillGoodwillo PatentsPatentso TrademarksTrademarkso FranchisesFranchiseso CopyrightsCopyrights

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• Probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of a particular entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the futures as a result of past transactions or events

– Current Liabilities (CL)

– Long-Term Liabilities (LTL)

LiabilitiesLiabilities

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Current LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities

Obligations whose liquidation is reasonably expected to Obligations whose liquidation is reasonably expected to Require the use ofRequire the use of

Existing current assetsExisting current assets Creation of other current liabilitiesCreation of other current liabilities

Within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is Within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longerlonger

This includes :This includes :- - PayablesPayables- Unearned Income- Unearned Income- Other Current Liabilities- Other Current Liabilities

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Long-Term LiabilitiesLong-Term Liabilities

Due in a period beyond one year or operating cycleDue in a period beyond one year or operating cycle

Related toRelated to Financing arrangementsFinancing arrangements Operational obligationsOperational obligations ( (includeincludess obligations arising from the obligations arising from the

operation of a business, mostly of a service nature)operation of a business, mostly of a service nature)

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• The residual ownership interest in the assets of an entity that remains after deducting its liabilities

– Paid-in Capital

– Retained Earnings

Stockholders’ EquityStockholders’ Equity

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LATIHAN SOAL:LATIHAN SOAL:

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND REPORTING-FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND REPORTING-GIBSONGIBSON

P3-4 dan/P4-11P3-4 dan/P4-11