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8/14/2019 Bennett Lessons Learned From Hurricane Hugo Power Point Presentation
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Lessons Learned fromCharlestons Hurricane Hugo:
20 Years Later
Craig Bennett4SE, Inc. - Charleston, South Carolina
12th US / ICOMOS International Symposium Preservation in Peril: Disaster Preparedness, RapidResponse, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century
Friday, March 13, 2009New Orleans, Louisiana
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Introduction
Hurricane Hugo Charleston, SC 1989 What lessons have we learned?
Other disasters have hit the same city, andwill again
Pre-disaster planning
Immediate responseExtended recovery and restoration
Recent example of applying the lessons
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Hurricane Hugo
Winds
135
MPHCat 4
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Hurricane Hugo
Marine damage
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage on the beaches
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage on
the barrierislands
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage
in thesmall
towns
north ofthe city
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage in
the City of
Charleston
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage in
the City of
Charleston
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage in
the City of
Charleston
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage in the City of Charleston
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage in the City of Charleston
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Hurricane Hugo
Immediately obvious damage from water
and wind
Roofs damaged or destroyed on the majority ofbuildings, particularly historic structures
Structural damage to some historic structuresWater damage throughout almost all interiors
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage which becomes apparent later
Long term water damage to finishes,particularly plaster and paint
Mold
Vibration Stucco failures, structural damage
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage which becomes
apparent later
Vibration Stucco failures,structural damage
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage which
becomes apparent
later
3 years after Hugo
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage which
becomes apparent
later
3 years later
Netting to catchstucco
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage which becomes apparent later
Vibration Stuccofailures,
structuraldamage
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage which becomes apparent later
Damagebecomingapparent
10 yearsafter Hugo
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage which becomes apparent later
Vibration Stuccofailure
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage which becomes apparent later
Vibration Stuccofailure
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Hurricane Hugo
Damage which becomes apparent later
Major stuccoloss 20years later
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Hurricane Hugo
Effect on people
Living is a struggle
Inability to deal with finances
Depression
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Hurricane Hugo
Effect on people
No electricity, no heat, no air conditioning, no
refrigeration
No water, no sanitary sewer
No transportation
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Hurricane Hugo
Effect on people
Life as you know it comes to a halt
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Hurricane Hugo
Effect on people
Inability to deal with finances
Depression
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Hurricane Hugo
But this wasnt Charlestons first disaster, and it
wont be its last
Nine recorded hurricanes, including 1751, 1890s,1911, 1959, 1989
We can expect a major hurricane every 30 to 50years
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Hurricane Hugo
But this wasnt Charlestons first disaster, and it
wont be its last
Five great city fires, including 1836, 1839, 1861
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Hurricane Hugo
But this wasnt Charlestons first disaster, and it
wont be its last
Tornado of 1937
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Hurricane Hugo
But this wasnt Charlestons first disaster, and it
wont be its last
Earthquake of 1886
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Hurricane Hugo
But this wasnt Charlestons first disaster, and it
wont be its last
Earthquake of 1886
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Hurricane Hugo
But this wasnt Charlestons first disaster, and it
wont be its last
The Civil War1861-1865
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What lessons have we learned?
Other disasters have hit the city, and more willhit in the future.
Next, well look at:
Pre-disaster planning
Immediate responseExtended recovery and restoration
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What lessons have we learned?
Pre-disaster planning
You need good documentation of structures and of
their condition Historic Structures Reports
Photographs
Videos
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What lessons have we learned?
Immediate response
Take care of the people.
They wont repair historic structures when they dont havea roof or meal.
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What lessons have we learned?
Immediate response
Arrest damage with temporary, relatively
inexpensive work. Shore to prevent collapse
Rapid draining, slow drying
A roof of cheap 90 lb rolled roofing is a much better roofthan having no roof. Its even a better roof than a poorlyinstalled expensive roof. The slate and standing seamcopper can come in 3 to 5 years.
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What lessons have we learned?
Immediate response
Get the finances right.
People wont recover from a disaster when they cant payfor anything.
Avoid the temptation to accept an early insurance
settlements.
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What lessons have we learned?
Immediate response
Dont forget historic preservation.
Avoid the temptation to throw the rules of good historicpreservation out of the window in the interest ofexpediency.
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What lessons have we learned?
Extended recovery and restoration
Get the finances right, particularly with insurance
settlements.
Get on with permanent repairs.
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What lessons have we learned?
Extended recovery and restoration
Insurance settlements: a fair procedure
Have a lawyer advise on insurance settlements.
Have all design work done by architects, conservatorsand engineers skilled in historic preservation.
Have the design team prepare biddable contractdocumentsfor only the repair and restoration workneeded as a result of the disaster.
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What lessons have we learned?
Extended recovery and restoration
Insurance settlements: a fair procedure
Have the insurance company agree that the repairdocuments cover only disaster repair.
Get bids from pre-qualified contractors on biddable
contract documents to determine the costs of the repairs.Dont allow anyone other than a craftsman skilled in histrade to do permanent work.
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What lessons have we learned?
Extended recovery and restoration
Insurance settlements: a fair procedure
With the low bid in hand, settle or, if need be, litigate theinsurance claim.
Only then, should you proceed with permanentrecovery and restoration work.
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What lessons have we learned?
Successful approach
St. Michaels Church
1751, National Historic
LandmarkSpire knocked out of
position
Slate roof damaged
Significant interior plaster
damage
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What lessons have we learned?
Successful approach
St. Philips Church
1835, National Historic
LandmarkSpire knocked out of
position
Standing seam metal roofdamaged
Significant interior plasterdamage
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Recent example on applying thelessons learned
Damage to a National Historic Landmark
churchInstallation of a trenchbox using a trackhoe severe vibration
Settlement of portions of buildingCracking of masonry, stucco and plaster
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Recent example on applying thelessons learned
Damage to a National Historic Landmark
churchPre-disaster planning
Immediate response
Extended recovery and restoration
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Recent example on applying thelessons learned
Pre-disaster planning
Construction across the street had caused theowners of the building under construction toprepare for problems.
A structural engineer had made videos and a reporton condition of the surrounding buildings, includingthis church, before construction began.
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Recent example on applying thelessons learned
Potential
problem:Heavyconstruction
machinery ina historicsetting
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Recent example on applying thelessons learned
Damage:
Installation of atrenchbox usinga trackhoe
Severe vibration
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Recent example on applying thelessons learned
Damage
Settlement ofportions ofbuilding
Cracking ofmasonry, stuccoand plaster
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Recent example on applying thelessons learned
Damage
Settlement ofportions ofbuilding
Cracking ofmasonry, stuccoand plaster
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Recent example on applying thelessons learned
Damage
Settlement ofportions ofbuilding
Cracking ofmasonry, stuccoand plaster
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Recent example on applying thelessons learned
Immediate response: stop
further damage
Keep the water out of thebuilding
Temporarily cover the cracksin the building skin
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Recent example on applying the
lessons learned
Immediate response: stop further damage
Dont let the trenchbox damage the foundationfurther
Dont extract the trenchbox!
Grout the loose soils around the box Install grouted piles under the box
Fill the box, including the hollow side walls
Abandon the box in place
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Recent example on applying the
lessons learned
Report on damage to the building
Documentation of pre-existing cracksDocumentation of post-damage cracks
Damage caused by installation of the trenchbox is
the difference between the two
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Recent example on applying the
lessons learned
Report:
Documentation of pre-existing cracks
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Recent example on applying the
lessons learned
Report:
Documentation of post-damage cracks
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Recent example on applying the
lessons learned
Report:
Damage caused by installation of the trenchbox isthe difference between the two
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Recent example on applying the
lessons learned
Drawings and specs for repair of damage
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Recent example on applying the
lessons learned
Next:
Settlement with insurersPossible additional fund raising
The laststep: Permanent repair
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Lessons learned
Disasters are common, and will recur
Our job is to ensure:Pre-disaster preparedness
Immediate response and
Extended recovery and restoration
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Lessons learned
Our historic structures canprofit from adversity
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Lessons Learned fromCharlestons Hurricane Hugo:
20 Years Later
Craig Bennett
4SE, Inc. - Charleston, South Carolina
12th US / ICOMOS International Symposium Preservation in Peril: Disaster Preparedness, RapidResponse, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century
Friday, March 13, 2009New Orleans Louisiana