THE CIVIL WAR NOTES

Bennett 2015-2016

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:

What was the course of the Civil War?

 What were its political, social, and economic ramifications?

OBJECTIVES: To understand the development and progress of the

Civil War

To investigate key turning points in the Civil War in New York State and United States history and explain why these events or developments are significant

To map information about people, places, and environments

To describe the relationships between people and environments and the connections between people and places

To identify and collect economic information related to the Civil War from standard reference works, newspapers, periodicals, computer databases, textbooks, and other primary and secondary sources

The Leaders of the Confederacy

Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

The Confederate “White House”

The Confederate Seal

MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”

A Northern View of Jeff Davis

Overviewof

the North’s

Civil WarStrategy:

“Anaconda”

Plan

The “Anaconda” Plan

BATTLE OF BULL RUN 1st Union attack on the South July 1861

Gen. “Stonewall” Jackson led the Confederates to victory in the battle

Bull Run shows 3 things : Both sides need more training War would be longer than thought War would be very bloody

THE WAR IN THE EAST After the Union’s defeat at Bull

Run, Lincoln removed McDowell and put General McClellan in command.For 7 months McClellan trained his

troops but did not attack. Showed he was extremely cautious.

Lincoln began to grow impatient with McClellan for not attacking the Confederacy

WAR IN THE EAST McClellan does not attack and gives

General Robert E. Lee’s Northern Virginia Army more time to gain reinforcements.

Knowing that McClellan will not attack, Lee decides to invade the North.

Thought it would win support for the South in Europe and change public opinion in the North.

MCCLELLAN GETS LUCKY A Union officer found a paper

showing Lee’s battle plan and learns that Lee divided his army into two branches.

McClellan decides to attack Lee’s army at Antietam Creek, Maryland.

ANTIETAM September, 1862 Battle in Maryland Confederate General – Robert E Lee –

makes first move at attacking the north on Union territory

Draw- no true winner(south retreats- north does

not follow) Lincoln is outraged with McClellan for not

following

Bloodiest day in US History 23,000 troops (N & S) Killed or wounded

Confederate dead from Antietam

LINCOLN AFTER ANTIETAM

LINCOLN WITH THEN UNION GEN. MCCLELLAN

THE WAR IN THE WEST General Ulysses S.

Grant led the Union troops in the West.Much more aggressive

than McClellan.

Grant’s army was able to capture two major Confederate waterways.

BATTLE OF SHILOH Costly but important to both sides.

South 11,000 casualties

North 13,000 casualties

Union forces gained control of

railways and part of the Mississippi

River.

Two weeks later, Union captured

the Port of New Orleans.

THE WAR CONTINUES The Civil War began as a war to

save the Union NOT to end slavery

Lincoln feared that if he ended slavery the border states would also leave the union

LINCOLN’S THOUGHT PROCESS

Starts to change his mind.

He now believes that the issue of slavery is so important to the SOUTH that he must end it.

Cabinet members advised Lincoln to wait until the Union won a decisive battle to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

January 1, 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipate = to set free

In his proclamation Lincoln states that all persons held in slavery in the Confederate States shall be free

Thinking Time! Did Lincoln free all the slaves? Did Lincoln have the power to make

this proclamation?

Results of Emancipation Proclamation

Union now has two reasons for fighting: Save the Union (bring the Southern States

back) End slavery in ALL states

It really did not free ANY slavesLincoln has no power to make laws for

CSA

WRITE ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR DAILY LOG Thinking Time! How would the Emancipation

Proclamation affect you if…

1. You owned slaves in Texas ?

2. You were a slave in Maryland?

3. You were an abolitionist in New York?

4. You were a slave in Georgia?

Early Civil War Review Sheet for Quiz Tuesday, October 27th 2015

Northern vs Southern economies Northern Advantages going into the war Southern Advantages going into the war Northern plan to win the war Southern plan to win the war Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant General McClellan General Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson What was learned from the Battle of Bull Run? New technology used in the war Why considered the first modern war? Effects of new technology used in the war Importance of the Battle of Antietam Importance of the battle of Shiloh Importance of Border States Emancipation Proclamation Results of the Emancipation Proclamation

EFFECTS OF EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

CHAPTER 15, SECTION 5- DECISIVE BATTLES

By 1863, hundreds of thousands dead and wounded.

Union won in 1862 at Antietam but could not knock the South out.Lincoln attributed this to poor

leadership. Lincoln fires McClelland and replaces him

with Burnside. Seemed to be no end in sight.

BURNSIDE AND HOOKER-UNION GENERALS

Knows McClellan was fired for being too cautious so he decides to invade the South.Loses battles against Lee at

Fredericksburg.

Lincoln turns to General Joseph Hooker.

Hooker and Union get slaughtered at ChancellorsvilleLose badly but kill Confederate General

Stonewall Jackson.

THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG

Lee grew bolder after victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.

Believed that a Confederate victory in the North would force surrender.

June 1863- Lee’s troops cross Mason-Dixon line into PennsylvaniaThe Union Army led by General Meade

follow behind…

GETTYSBURG The South needs to win in the North

in order to win the war- hurt Union morale

Gen Lee attacks the Union July 1863 outside the town of Gettysburg, PA (again attacking on Union land)

South had plan to charge the Union troops

Pickett’s Charge was a huge failure Lee is forced to retreat Confederate

troops back to the south Union wins the 3 day battle Gettysburg is known as the turning

point of the war

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS In November of 1863, the town of

Gettysburg dedicated a cemetery for the Union soldiers who died at Gettysburg Battle

President Lincoln attended Gave a 2 min speech called Gettysburg Address

PAGE 538 Read the Gettysburg Address and

answer the following questions:1. Who gave the speech, when was it

given, where was it given?2. What is the main idea of the

speech? What did the speaker want to tell his audience?

3. What is the speaker’s position on the civil war?

4. What words or phrases express his feelings?

GRANT’S TOTAL WAR Union General Grant wants to destroy

the South’s ability to fight in the war for much longer

Total War Plan Destroy food, equipment, and

anything else that would help south fight

Change in how war was fought Not just soldiers anymore- now

civilians also suffered

SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA

Part of Grants Total War Plan 1864 -Sherman told to capture

Atlanta, GA then march to the Atlantic Ocean

As he did- Sherman set fire to much of Atlanta and then destroyed everything and anything in his path to the Atlantic

APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE

Union troops captured the Confederate capital of Richmond – April 1865

On April 9, 1865 Gen. Lee surrendered to Gen. Grant

The Union had won The Civil War was over

4 year long war

Thinking Time! Why is Civil War deadliest war in US

History?

RESULTS OF THE WAR Reconstruction= Period of rebuilding in the US after

the Civil War Much of fighting took place in

south- which now has to rebuild and clean up from war

RUINS IN RICHMOND, VA

RUINS IN ATLANTA , GA

Confederate currency was now worthless = economic problems

New free slaves had no land, no jobs, no education = social problem

Need to find a plan to help the former Confederate States rejoin the Union = political problem

LINCOLN ASSASSINATION Lincoln wanted to convince

Congress to accept his plan to quickly allow the Southern states back into the UnionHave 10% of state pledge loyalty to

USA State must abolish slavery Reconstruction will led to new

amendments , including an end to slavery

It was not to be 5 days after the South surrendered-

Lincoln was shot and killed – April 14, 1865 Shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s

Theatre