Benefits usingBenefits usingsweet chestnut sweet chestnut

tannin in dairy cow tannin in dairy cow nutritionnutrition

University of LjubljanaDep. Animal ScienceSlovenia

International Dairy Workshop & Exhibition, Izmir, Turkey, April 28-29th, 2008

In abomasum and small intestine:

1. Disintegration of insoluble complexes

between proteins and tannins2. Release of

proteins and gallic acid

In reticulo-rumen:1. Formation of

insoluble complexes between proteins

and tannins2. Partial

inactivation of microorganisms

3. Partial inactivation of

enzymes

Tannin-protein complexes (effect of pH)

Jones and Mangan, 1977

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10pH

14C

Fra

ctio

n I

prot

ein

rele

ased

(ct/

min

)

Effect of tannins on the production of ammonia Effect of tannins on the production of ammonia and degradability of dry substance in vitro and degradability of dry substance in vitro

(regression coefficients of equation a + bx)

Chestnut extract

Ammonia

a 65,25

b -5,14

IVDMDeg

a 70,59

b -3,17

IVDMDig

a 88,53

b -0,46Gonzalez in sod., 2002

Effect of chestnut tannins on in vitro Effect of chestnut tannins on in vitro gas gas production and production and methanogenesismethanogenesis from starch from starch

Chestnut extract (mg/ml) 0 0.33 0.67 1.33

Total potential gasproduction (ml) 528a 505b 511b 508b

Maximum fermentationrate (ml/h) 50.6a 42.1b 58.0a 43.8b

Time of maximumfermentation rate (h) 8.9a 13.8b 8.9a 10.0ab

Methane (ml/g DM) 18.9a 18.7a 16.6b 13.5c

Metan (vol %) 4.8a 4.7b 4.5c 4.2d

Sivka and Lavrenčič, 2007

Effective degradability of N (r = 0,05) of ground (G) and pelleted (P) soybean meal crude protein treated

with chestnut tannins

550

560

570

580

590

600

610

620

630

640

Eff

ective

deg

radab

ility

(g/k

g)

Control G 3,66% G 7,32% P 3,66% P 7,32%

Lavrenčič et al., 2001

Evolution of in vitro ammonia concentration (mmol/l)

Sliwinski et al., 2001

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 2 4 6 8 10

Day of experiment

mm

ol a

mm

onia

/l

Control

Chestnut tannin 2,5%

5,4

5,6

5,8

6

6,2

6,4

6,6

6,8

7:00AM

8:00AM

9:00AM

10:00AM

11:00AM

12:00PM

1:00PM

2:00PM

3:00PM

4:00PM

Time after feeding

pH

Control Chestnut tannin

Daily evolution of pH value: feeding at 8:00 AM

Nor

thw

est

Eng

inee

ring

Effect of chestnut tannins on milk yield (Errante et al., 1998)

15,0

17,0

19,0

21,0

23,0

25,0

27,0

29,0

Milk

yie

ld (

kg/d

)

14/6 28/6 12/7 26/7 10/8 23/8

Control Tannin

Tmax = 28°CTmin = 17,5°C

Effect of chestnut tannins on milk protein contents(Orešnik, 1996)

3,00

3,05

3,10

3,15

3,20

Milk

pro

tein

(%

)

Control

Tannin

Effect of chestnut tannins on milk production and composition

Control Chestnut Control Chestnut

tannin tannin

Milk production (kg) 23.5 23.8 19.0 19.5

Protein content (%) 3.26 3.25 3.37 3.49

Urea content (mg/l) 239 219 489 457

Lavrenčič and Suhoveršnik, 2006

Effect of FARMATAN on early weaned calvesNumber of animals: 62 early weaned Brown-swiss bulls (31 in control and 31 in trial group)

Duration of trial: 3 months

Farmantan*: 5 kg/t compound feed (prestarter, starter)

* Farmatan with 55% of active substance

Source: M. Štruklec, A. Orešnik, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1997

100 100

133

92

60

80

100

120

140

Average daily gain (g/ day) Feed conversion ratio

%

Control Farmatan 0,5%

Nitrogen fractions (%) in grass silages prepared with chestnut tannins

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

True CP Soluble CP Ammonia

Control

3 g/kg

15 g/kg

30 g/kg

Lavr

enči

č an

d Le

vart

, 200

6

a a

ab

b

a

b

cc

a bc c

Contents of volatile fatty acids (g/kg DM) in grass silages prepared with different amounts of chestnut extract

Chestnut tannin (g/kg fresh grass)

0 3 15 30

Lactic acid 101,1a 95,8a 80,6b 80,9b

Acetic acid 17,9 15,8 11,6 16,8

Propionic acid 0,09 0,08 0,09 0,08

Butyric acid 1,31 1,21 0,16 0,09

pH 3,85ab 3,78b 3,84ab 3,92a

Lavrenčič and Levart, 2006

Important advantages in ruminants nutrition

• chestnut tannins:

- improve milk persistence (increase milk yield)- increase milk protein yield- lower the milk urea concentration

- improve silage fermentation process and increase protein utilization from silage

- lower the incidence of gastrointestinal and digestive disorders

RUMINANTS Dosages

Dairy cows

2 – 5 kg/ton of compound feed

5 – 10 g/day per animal – starch containing diets

5 – 20 g/day per animal – maize silage containing diets

10 – 20 g/day per animal – soluble protein containing diets

20 – 40 g/day per animal – in stress conditions

Fattening 15 – 30 g/day per animal

0,3 % of protein content in supplemental compound feeds

Small ruminants

(sheep, goat)

3 – 5 kg/ton of compound feed

1,5 – 10 g/day per animal

Calves (rearing, white meat production)

1 – 3 kg/ton of compound feed

3 – 5 g/day per animal

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE USE OF FARMATAN IN RUMINANT NUTRITION