Benefits Beyond Energy Savings Light, Health and the LED Revolution

© 2017 Energy Focus, Inc.

Agenda 1. Overview 2. LED Product Technology 3. Health and Wellness Implications

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© 2017 Energy Focus, Inc.

Who is Energy Focus? Healthcare Education Military Government Retail Industrial Parking Office

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Energy Focus is a manufacturer and provider of LED Lighting retrofit technology for the most demanding applications where performance, quality and health really matter.

© 2017 Energy Focus, Inc.

Agenda 1. Overview 2. LED Product Technology 3. Health and Wellness Implications

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Anatomy of a TLED

LEDs

Driver – Internal (or external)

Aluminum Heat Sink

Cover/Optics

TLEDs are Tubular LED Retrofits for Fluorescents

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Blue LED: Nobel Prize Winning Breakthrough

Shuji Nakamura demonstrates the first practical blue “direct band gap” LED in 1993. The possibility for making efficient LED light sources “suddenly” existed.

Direct band gap LEDs: • Can (in principle) produce blue light (photons)

without loss • An efficient path from blue to white existed using

phosphors • Today TLEDs achieve 150LPW… in 5-10 years

expected to be 250+ LPW (compared to about 80 LPW for fluorescents including ballast loss)

2014 Nobel Prize

has driven an energy efficiency revolution

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Where TLED Retrofits Make Perfect Sense Hospitals and Schools – a perfect fit for TLEDs

Dramatic Energy Savings

Cost Effective Reliable

LEDs offer an even better spectrum than incandescent and a much, much better than

fluorescent – both for seeing & health

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Single LED/Phosphor to Multiple LEDs Since LEDs can come in come in a multitude of colors and are readily controlled: - Any spectrum is

possible

- treatment proposed for colorblindness

- Dynamically!

- kids saying ‘Alexa’ before ‘Mama’

What’s Next?

We’re still at the beginning of the revolution

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1. Overview 2. LED Product Technology 3. Health and Wellness Implications

Agenda

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How Lighting Affects Us Our eyes let light in to trigger neurological processes. Visually

• 2/3 of electrical activity in the brain comes from vision • 50% of human brain used for vision3

Physiologically • Hormone suppression or activation via light4 • Circadian Rhythm Regulation5

Psychologically • Mood, emotion6 • Cognitive Behavior7

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Better Quality of Light with LEDs Better for Vision

• White light comes in a variety of color temperatures (3500K warm, 4000K neutral, 5000K bright). The higher the color temperature, the brighter the light is perceived to be.

• Bright white light with enough blue content is important for suppressing melatonin during awake hours. Higher color temperatures achieve this.

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Fluorescent

Incandescent

LED

Sunlight

Better for Circadian Regulation • Patients and staff indoors in hospitals need enough light to

control this hormonal process to stay awake during the day. • It is equally important to avoid light at night in patient rooms. • Healthy sleep/wake cycles are associated with better moods,

more focus, healthier immune systems, and lower BMI

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The Wellness Factor with LEDs For Staff

• Visual acuity and lighting quality is critical for tasks from surgery to reading charts

• More comfortable work environment For Patients

• Promoting wellness (no hazardous materials, no UV, no flicker)

• Better spectrum of light for better sleep/wake cycles

• Creating a pleasant environment, better for healing For Facility Administrators

• Dramatically reduced energy usage and maintenance costs

• Lower costs and a reduced carbon footprint

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© 2017 Energy Focus, Inc.

Understanding Optical Flicker

According to IES (Illumination Engineering Society), flicker is the rapid variation of light source intensity. Potential Flicker-Induced Impairments include*: • Seizures (from epilepsy, traumatic brain injuries,

concussions, etc.) • Headaches, fatigue, blurred vision, eyestrain • Migraines • Reduced visual task performance • Increased autistic behaviors, especially in children • Distraction

Flicker free lighting reduces or eliminates these symptoms.

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“Flicker—Understanding the New IEEE Recommended Practices” (http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/05/f22/miller%)2Blehman_flicker_lightfair2015.pdf), DOE & Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

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The LED Difference: Removing Flicker Fluorescent lamps and some LEDs flicker* which can cause serious health issues

* Department of Energy, Flicker Fact Sheet, PNNL-SA-94791, March 2013

The stroboscopic effect is just one of many consequences of flicker. The lamp used for the image on the left does not flicker and thus the moving object is a smooth blur. Because it does flicker, the lamp used for the image on the right appears to create multiple instances of a moving object.

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Why It’s Important – Pasadena Example

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Benefits of Flicker-Free LED Technology Even modest Flicker can be an issue… Substropic flicker in lights, or flicker that is present but strobes faster than we can “see”, has a negative impact on our visual processing. To the average person, this may result in headaches or discomfort after exposure, but to people with special needs that experience visual hypersensitivity, such as those on the Autism Spectrum, this same flicker can be disruptive to their everyday activities. Flicker free lighting reduces or eliminates these symptoms.

Not all LED products are Flicker free.

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Achieving Flicker-Free LED Technology*

Older Tech New Technology TLEDs

Vs

UL Lab Certified to be less than 1%

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Providing Mechanically-Compatible Environments

Flicker-Free • Flicker can interfere with barcode scanners and

video/photography equipment Low THD

• Avoids voltage distortion and electronic pollution that could interfere with medical equipment

High PF & Inrush Current Avoidance • Eliminates issues of ampacity limits in wiring

and utility penalization charges Low EMI

• FCC & CISPR guidelines for low EMI & RFI that could cause disruption to electronic devices and wireless communication (including medical equipment)

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Join the LED “Flicker-Free” Revolution!

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Referenced Sources 1. Edison Tech Center. “The Fluorescent Lamp” http://www.edisontechcenter.org/Fluorescent.html. 2. United States Environmental Protection Agency “Health Effects of Mercury Exposure” http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/HealthEffectsMercury.pdf. 3. Roberts, Joan E. “Ultraviolet Radiation as a Risk Factor for Cataract and Macular Degeneration” Eye & Contact Lens Vol 37 No 4. 2011. 4. Pokorny et al. “Aging of the human lens” Applied Optics Vol 26 No 8. 1987. 5. Ellis et al. “Auto-tuning daylight with LEDs: sustainable lighting for health and wellbeing” Drexel University and Philadelphia University.

http://www.bauarchitecture.com/research.daylightleds.shtml 6. Irlen Institute. “What is Irlen Syndrome?” http://irlen.com/what-is-irlen-syndrome/. 7. Graph 1: Popular Mechanics: The Ultimate Light Bulb Test http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/reviews/g164/incandescent-vs-compact-

fluorescent-vs-led-ultimate-light-bulb-test/. 8. US Department of Energy “Solid-State R&D Plan” May 2015. 9. Lucas, Robert J et al. “Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age” Trends in Neurosciences Vol 37 No 1. 2014. 10. Holzman, David C. “What’s in a Color? The Unique Human Health Effects of Blue Light” Environmental Health Perspectives Vol 118 No 1. 2010. 11. Hawes, Breanne K., et al. “Effects of four workplace lighting technologies on perception, cognition, and affective state” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

Vol 42. 2012. 12. Meesters, Ybe et al. “Low-intensity blue-enriched white light (750 lux) and standard bright light (10000 lux) are equally effective in treating SAD. A randomized

controlled study” BMC Psychiatry. 2011. 13. US Department of Energy. “Flicker” Building Technologies Office Solid-State Lighting Technology Fact Sheet. 14. Loew et al. “Symptoms of Meares-Irlen/Visual Stress Syndrome in subjects diagnosed with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome” International Journal of Clinical and Health

Psychology Vol 14 ppp87-92. 2014. 15. Ameritech Energy. “Flicker Free – Important Design & Buyer Information” Solid-State Lighting Technology Fact Sheet. http://www.energyfocusinc.com/lighting-and-

your-health/ 2014. 16. Roberts, Joan E. “Light and Immunomodulation” Annals New York Academy of Sciences. 2000. 17. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Chapter 16: Human eye sensitivity and photometric quantities” http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/~schubert/Light-Emitting-Diodes-dot-

org/Sample-Chapter.pdf 18. Salva et al. “Circadian rhythms, melatonin and depression” Cur Pharm Des vol. 17 no. 15. 2011. 19. Mohammadizadeh et al. “Is the light-emitting diode a better light source than fluorescent tube for phototherapy of neonatal jaundice in preterm infants?” Adv Biomed

Res vol. 1 no. 51. 2012. 20. World Health Organization. “LED phototherapy for neonatal jaundice” Compendium of innovative health technologies for low-resource settings 2013. 21. Sawyer. “Phototherapy for Jaundice” Medscape http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1894477-overview 2013. 22. Smil, V. 2014. The long slow rise of solar and wind. ,Scientific American 282 (1):52-57; EIA 2013 Energy Book; “Lighting The Way 2013”, McKinsey Inc.