Benazirabad Solar Power Generation License Application .pdf

BENAZIRABAP SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYT) LTDAdd' House 176. Street 13, Defence Officels' Housing

Society. Stadium Road.Karachi,PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

The Registrar

National Electric Power Regulatory Authority

OPF Building, 5hahrah-e-Jamhuriat

6-5/2, Islamabad

Subject: Application for a Generation License (this "Application",

I, Ve Jun, Company Secretary, being the duly authorized representative of Benazirabad Solar Power

{SMC-PVT} (the "Company"), by virtue of ~ Board Resolution passed through circulation on August 5,

2015, hereby apply to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (t.he "NEPRA") for the grant of a

Generation License to the Company pursuant to Section lS of the Regulation of Generation,

Transmission, and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997.

I certify that the documents-in-support attached wit.h this Application arc prepared and submitted in

conformity with the provisions of the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority licensing

(Application and Modification Procedure) Regulations, 1999, and undertake to abide by the terms and

provisions of the above-said regulations. I further undertake and confirm that the Information provided

in the attached documents-in-support is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

A Bank Draft dated 06.08.2015 in the sum of Rs. 209,964.00, being the non-refundable licence

application fee calculated In accordance with Schedule II to the National Electric Power Regulatory

Authority Licensing (Application and Modification Procedure) Regulations,1999, is attached herewith.

Yours truly,

VcJun

Company Secretary

Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC;PVT) .

Date bit_( r-1b!

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR PO~R (SMC-PYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' Housing

Society, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

CERTIFIED COpy OF THE RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT.) LIMITED THROUGH CIRCULATION ON

August as, 2015.

"RESOLVEDTHAT Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Limited (a company incorporated under the

laws of Pakistan with its registered office located at House 176, Street 13, National Stadium Colony,

Defense Officers Housing Society, Karachi Pakistan) be and is hereby authorized to file applications for

the grant of Generation License and/or Determination of Tariff or Adoption of Upfront Solar Tariff for

submission to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA)in respect of its 20 MW Solar

PV Power Plant, to be located in Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh and in relation thereto, enter into and

execute all required documents, make all fillings and pay all applicable fees, in each case, of any nature

whatsoever as required.II

"FURTHERRESOLVEDTHAT in respect of application for the Grant of Generation License (including any

modification to the application for the Grant of Generation License) for submission to National Electric

Power Regulatory Authority, and that:

1. Mr. Fan Jiang, Project Director

2. Ms. Ye Jun. Company Secretary

be and hereby singly empowered and authorized for and on behalf of the Company to review, execute,

submit and deliver the Generation License/Tariff Applications (including any modification to the

application for the Grant of Generation License/Tariff) and related documentation required by National

Electric Power Regulatory Authority, including any contracts, documents, power of attorney, affidavits,

statements, letters, forms, applications, deeds, guarantees, undertakings, approvals, memoranda,

amendments, letters, communications, notices, certificates, requests, statements, and any other

instruments of any nature whatsoever; sign and execute necessary documentation, pay the necessary

fees, appear before the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority as needed, and do all acts

necessary for completion and processing of the Generation License/Tariff Application (modification to

the application for the Grant of Generation License/Tariff); do all such acts, matters and things as may

be necessary for carrying out the purposes aforesaid and giving full effect to the above

resolutions/resolution".

For and on behalf of ~ %. ~ J~Benazirabad Solar Power !SMC-PVT.) .''

J3ENAZIRA6AD SOLAR POW.E.BJSMC-PVT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' Housing


APPLICATION FOR THE GRANT OF AGENERATION LICENSE

UNDER SECTION 15 OFTHE Acr ANDREGULATION 3 OF THE AMP REGULATIONS

1. NEPRA'sParticipation in the Process1.1. Section 15 of the Regulation of Generation, Transmission, and Distribution ofElectric Power Act, 1997 (the "Act") provides, inter alia, that:"(l)No person except under the authority of a license issued by the Authority underthis Act and subject to the conditions specified in this Act and as may be imposed bythe Authority, construct own or operate a generation facility.(2) An application for the grant of a license for a generation facility shall specify thetype of facility for which the license is applied; the location of the generation facility;and the expected life of the generation facility. II

1.2 Furthermore, Regulation-3 of the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority(Application and Modification Procedure) Regulations, 1999 (the "AMP Regulations")provides that an application for a license shall be made in the form specified in theAMP Regulations and further enumerates the documents required to be submittedto the Authority along with the requisite application.1.3. This Application for the grant of a generation license is made pursuant to Section15 of the Act and Regulation 3 of the AMP Regulations.

2.lntroduction of the Applicant/Sponsors2.1. As required under Section-24 of the Act, Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.)("Applicant" "Petitioner" or the "Project Company") is an entity incorporated underthe Companies Ordinance, 1984, to act as a special purpose vehicle (the "SPV") andis setting up a 20 MW photovoltaic solar energy power generation plant at ShaheedBenazirabad, Sindh Pakistan (the "Project"). Copiesof the Certificate of Incorporation,Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association are attached herewith asAnnex-A hereto.2.2 The Applicant is developing the Project under the upfront tariff regime prescribedby the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority ("NEPRA")vide its determination#NEPRA/UTS-2015/17871-17874 dated 16 December 2015, as amended from time totime, (the "Upfront Tariff').2.3 The Project is being developed under the Public Private Partnership wherein aconsortium comprising of ZTECorporation, Technomen Kinetics Private Limited anddesignated department of the Government of Sindh (the "GOS"), will participate inthe Joint Venture (the "JV"). The Project was awarded in response to a proposalagainst which the successful bidders were issued a Letter of Intent (the "L01") dated22 May 2015, in pursuance of the GOSletter # DIR/PDS/(SOLAR-P-PROJECTS)/2014dated 11 December 2014, copies of the GOS letter and LOI herewith annexed asAnnex-B and C hereto.2.4 In order to move quickly towards the development of the Project it has beendecided with the express approval of the GOS, that the Project Company will

BENAZIRAeAO SOLAREQWEB.1S.MC-PYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' Housing


forthwith proceed and file the Application of Generation License before NEPRA.Atpresent, the Project Company is a single member company. It has been agreed withthe GOSthat the Project Company will be converted to private limited company toallow the participation of JV partners, which at present are completing their internalprocesses and activities. Copy of GOS letter # DAE/GEN/50/2014 dated 10September 2015 is herewith appended as Annex-D hereto,

3 Project Overview3.1. This Project will adopt polycrystalline PVmodule and central inverter technology.20 MW will be separated into 20xlMW subsystem. PV modules will be installed inarrays in a number of strings, each IMW PV subsystem will convert DC power to ACpower through IMW inverter. The AC output from inverter at 315 VACwill be steppedup to 11 KV or 66 KV.An llKV or 66KV substation will be built at the site as powerpurchaser's specification for Interconnection for the grid system. A SCADAsystem willbe adopted in this project for the purpose of power plant monitoring and powerdispatching. The power plant will meet the requirements of relative international andPakistan's standards.3.2 In respect of the financing arrangement a Letter of Interest has been issued tothe Project Company by Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd confirming itsinterest in providing facility in the form of a loan amount not exceeding 85% of theTotal Contract Value (no more than USD30,000,000.00) for the Project proposed byZTECorporation.

4 Site4.1. Approximately 120 acres of land in Shaheed Benazirabad is being allocated bythe Department of Energy,Government of Sindh to the Project Company for 20 MWProject, The co-ordinates for the proposed site of the project are as below.Latitude: 26.440556 NLongitude: 68.847778 E4.2. A map of the proposed location for the Project is attached herewith as Annex- Ehereto.

5 EPC-Contractors5.1. ZTECorporation are also the EPCContractors for the Project. ZTECorporation isan international company with operations in 160 Countries, and the company is aleader in technology innovation, delivering superior products and business solutionsto clients all over the world. Founded in 1985, ZTE is listed on both the Hong Kongand Shenzhen Stock Exchanges and is China's largest listed telecoms equipmentcompany. ZTE Corporation has become the most successful Chinese enterprise onglobal communication energy products and an integrated energy solution providerwith worldwide service capabilities.5.2. ZTE has established 18 state of the art R&D centers in China, France, India and

BENAZIBA.Ei~D SOLAR PQW.EB..1~PVT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' Housing


employs over 30,000 research professionals. With 107 subsidiaries devoted toinnovation globally, ZTEis the world's biggest originator of technology patent in eachof the past two years, according to data from the World Intellectual PropertyOrganization.5.3. Further details regarding the EPCContractors are annexed herewith.

6. Evidence/relevant correspondence;6.1. Copies of the pertinent correspondence are enclosed herewith for the learnedAuthoritys assistance and consideration.6.2. The Applicant would be pleased to provide any other assistance that the learnedAuthority may require in the matter of Grant of Generation License.6.3. This Application and its Annexure are being submitted in triplicate, with certaindocuments certified as necessary, each in accordance with Regulation 3(4) of theNEPRALicensing (Application & Modification Procedure) Regulations, 1999.

7. Additional GroundsIf required the Applicant seeks to raise further additional grounds in support of thisPetition at the stage of Hearing and Determination.

8. PrayerIt is most humbly prayed to the esteemed Authority as follows:A. That the Applicant be granted a Generation License for the development of theProject.B. That the Authority may be pleased to treat the Applicant's request for the grantof Generation License on a non-discriminatory basis and any concession offered toany further and better relief that the Authority may deem appropriate in thecircumstances may kindly be granted to the Petitioner.We hope the information/explanation provided above meets your requirements, andremain available to assist you if you have any further queries.Respectfully submitted for and on behalf of the Applicant:

Yours Sincerely

Vel"n i~Company SecretaryBenazirabad Solar Power{SMC-PVT)Limited

Annexure#

A Applicant Company's Constitutive Documents

B GOSletter

C letter of Intent

D GOSletter

E Site

F Feasibility Report

G Technical & Annual Return Statements

H Summary of Plant Details

I Prospectus

J O/S

K Profile

l ZTE Project Experience

M l.ol-Bank

N Profile of EPCContractor

0 SPVBank Account

P Interconnection Study(system studies, load flow, S.C,stability, reliability)

Q Environmental Study

100

BEFORE THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER REGULATORY AUTHORITY

AFFIDAVIT

I, Ye Jun, dlo Ye Llnguo having Passport # P01138341, Company Secretary, Benazirabad Solar

Power (SMC-Pvt) hereby solemnly affirm and declare on oat that the contents of the

accompanying application for grant of Generation License including all attached documents-in-

support are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and that nothing has been

concealed.

DEPONENT

SO"""" i r.- y0 j~Name: Ye Jun

Dated: &1I'} / J;Olb, '

,.'

J:L(':,'.,"1 .

\~;{;~;A010329

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN

COMPANY REGISTRATION OFFICE, KARACHI

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

[Under section 32 of the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII of 1984)]

Corporate Universal Identification No. 0094305

I hereby certify that BEl\AZlRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT.)

LIMITED is this day incorporated under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII

of 1984) and that the company is limited by shares.:;Ci:/~

, ., W

\~/' Given under my hand at Ktn:lchi this Ninth day of JUIYl Two Thousand and

Fifteen.

Incorporation tee Rs-,5,000/= only

~'?~ >(Sidney Custodio Pereira)

Joint Registrar of CompaniesKarachi

Yr(2t;~-:~:'I.

=:';;

-

FORM 1 ?f {b~~--.~..... ,... ' . ~..

DECLARATION OF APPLICANT FOR INCORPORATI.QN, .."t'O~E. "," .. ~~;~";;;~-:... ,.' ~\."w ,'_,-\

'It!t~'v .•~•.•••Please complete in typescript or in bOld block capitals. :. • ,\1

Name of the Company ~~irabad ~~_'a_rP_o_w_e_r(_S_M_C_-P_VT_.)_~_t~_·'__ '_~_l\J_:N_l_~_15-=o:::"1-ff'!

[RIAA=LA~W~ C~Q~Ri~

I,---,I_-'----ll. _I..-I__.!_TI...I---' ~f~~:B:n~ranch [ ~

1.

2. Presented by

3. Fee Paid (Rs.)

4. Receipt No.

5. Declarant's Name 8.Designation

6. Declarant's FatherName

7. Professionl Designation(delete the pottion notapp~cable)

8. Declaration

9. Signature of Declarant

N,I.C No. of Declarant

of Witness

14. Address of the witness

15. Date

THE COMPANIES ORDINANCE. 1964(Section 30(2) and rule 4)

Month YearDay

'--:-;:::----;---::-:--::--.li Date IT] CD I.___,____.____...---.J(Bank Challan to be attached in original)

lI MANZOOR AHMED MAHAR

, Advocate entitled to appear before 8 High- Court.' SIlf)leme Cewltl jI bI=I&I1er~tJ CBsl Il. MaR8gemeAI OQGElWAta~' pra£t~

l~tan ~he larFRatieR ef I1=1i8somJn!fIYI-ailer-5G<1 Fla~ea iA tlla Iartisles as Oif6G100.QfJi!!f af Il=1epFspeses cempBR)'. ._j

I do hereby solemnly and sincerely declare thata) I am the above named dedarant;b) aillhe requirements of (he Companies Ordinance, 1984, and lhe

rules made there under in respect of matters precedent (0 theregistration of the said Company and incidental thereto have .been complied with and !

I C) I make this solemn declaration conscienliously believing the IL..... s=-:3",m=eto be true _]

I ,~~~~~-' _---'

I 4 I 3 I 3 I 0 [SInB I 9 I 7 I 3 ITli._,_1 -=-9~I---'-_~~{~

f' UMAlMA PERACHA I RAFFIUDDIN PERACHA

14 ; 2 ! 3 :.~ ; 1 13 10 I J i 6 15 19 19 12 I Ir ·2~1. 10 iii SOUTH STREET, PHASE 2. DHA I

Day 'Month Year

[Q@ [ill] I~1(::) I \ 151-

............ " .. , ............ ,: .::" .. ,

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2.

FORM 21 fTHE COMP~~,!;",~~~~~ANCE.1984 ?f£.;_[Vi

NOTICE OF SITUATION OF REGISTERED OFFICE OR ANY CHANGE THEREI\6, e.1o~~~\"W.'\,.,,~,O..... 1',9 ,'.,.";;... ... _,,~\A' ,.\l''' ,-

Please complete In typescript or In bold block capitals. ~o(f\f(\\.

C_··· o_·!?_·~~~~~-~-~-~~~~~~----_\_~--~

l].en.azirab?_q Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) ltd ~

C'iiO I

1. Incorporation Number

Name at the Company

3. Fee Paid (Rs.) '--_-'-_'-1 .J Name & Branch of The Bank L

4. Receipt No. r=='-~(Bank Challan to be attached in onginan

~ MonthDate LJ._J! 1 [ I I

¥ear

5. The situation of registered office of the company J1

N/Awas changed from (state previous address) L-. . _

6. The registered office of theCompany is now situated at

I House 176, Street 13, National Stadium Colony, Defence Officers'Housin Societ. Karachi Sindh Pakistan(State full address with identifiable number I name of the premisesor building and street, road and locality besides the name of thetown and os/al area, where a licable.- 02~-34833590 -'~6.1 Telephone Nos

6.2 Fax No, if any

6.3. E-mail address

- 021-34302669

Day Month Year

7. With effect from (date) L.I_l :'___......J,I_J 12 '0 11 15 ISINCE INCORPORATION

i~;I.~r -.... [atures of Director/~Rief E*86uli ...91 L "* h!Kar~:,11 , \ .--~--l----+-f-----~--------J

:. K:~~~;~t5;,nolo" /1L-H:.:.:::.u..::.J;.:_:in""gh:_:_:u:.:a:___.~ --,

':'i t;..~'i~),on I~D;;._ire:;..:c:..:.:to:::.r__ .~ --,

~.... ff~ ~~P6rt Number of signatory I G I 2 I 2 ! 8 Lill....L1~3--,-16.:.....J1__;5'-....1.._.l..-...L...-L_!-.-...L...__J~f.,?IIP.~ "." Day Month Year

--. '.12. Date: I C) L0\ I L6l1OJ r:[i:--. r0::=-"-1--:-1 -',-=5--'1

-.....~..,

•••• I •••••••

THE COMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1984(Section 205)

PARTICULARS OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS, INCLUDING THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE, MANAGING AGENT, SECRETARY, CHIEFACCOUNTANT, AUDITORS AND LEGAL ADVISERS, OR OF ANY CHANGE THEREIN

Please complete in typescript or in bold black capitals.

1. Incorporation Number

2.

3.

4.

r- - ---------,

Present Name orsurname in full

(a)

NIC No or passportNo. in case of Foreign

National

G22833365

PE0118573

G33991354

POl138341

5.2 Ceasing o( off/CelRetirementIResignalion

Fathers I Husband'sName

(c)

Hu Suwen

Peng Zhongxin- .. _._-

Shi Huijun

Ye lin Guo

Usual residential address

(d)

nat No.4 on 34/F of block B causewaycentre No_28harbour road Wall Chai

Hoo Kon18-1602#, Taoyuanju, Baaan District,

Shenzhen, Guan don , ChinaRoom 0 on 14IF, Block 3, Hal)'i DongfangGarden, Hi-Tech Road South, Shenzhen,

Guan don , ChinaRoom 301, Building 14, WeiHai

Apartment, OingHai, ZhouShan. ZheJiang.China

NationalityDesignation

(el

Director Chinese

Chinese

Chinese

Chinese

5.3 Any other change in particulars

Nationality of origin(if other than

present nationality)

(g)

5. 1 New appointment/election

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A-----------'

5.2 Ceasing of omceiRetirementIResignation

L--- _ _____J] L~D

Date of presentappointment Of

change

(j)

.______N/_____,A 1 ,----I =:Jr=.Other businessoccupation and

directorship (if any)

(h)

Qualification (incase of

aud itors/legaladvisers)

(I)

From the date ofincorporation


F rom the date ofincorporation


,---------

,---N'_____.A II.____N/A ---JII,---N/_____.A I L___I_NlA ___J

5.3 Any other change in particulars

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Changes stating howappointed or changed

(k)

r---------As per Articles of

Association

As. per Articles ofAssociation

As per Articles ofAssociation

As per Articles ofAssociation

N/A

Remarks (Stateapproval, jf any,

required under law)

(I)

--NIA

NIA

N/A

N/A

e~-!

l_ .. -I L. 1I' I [..

I

I~ _... J N/A N/A L_.. N/A N/A I N/A1

..J

6. Name of Signatory C--_· Hu Jinghua-p .~

Designation I Director._--_ ..-

~

Month YearGA\ [;r; l_ol40 I fEEEJ7 Signatures of Director Date: L. 0 1 5

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FORM S1[See rules 3 and 9(5)]

THE COMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1984

NOTICE OF NOMINATION OF NOMINEE DIRECTOR BY SINGLE MEMBEROF A SINGLE MEMBER COMPANY

5. Date of payment:

Day Month

[0 CD

Please complete in typescript Or in hold block capitals.

1. CUlN (Incorporation Number): I N/A

2. Name of the Company: Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd

3. Fee paid Rs: [_.__._I~~4. Name and branch of bank:

6. Dank Challan No: I (Bank Challan to be attached in original).L....... ..J

7. Name, NTC No., address and relationship of legal heirs:~le. I NI-C-N-O-·----·--rl-----A-dd-r-es-s-. -------r~-el-a-ti-on-s-h-lP--,·1

N/A ! I I I I : J_...._I -,--I ,--,-I1--,-1_._I ...._I .__ __.C_ ____,.S. Name, NIC No., and address of nominee directors:

Passport No. Status.Name. Address.

NomineeDirector

Peng Aiguang Chinese : PEO 118573 18-1602#, Taoyuanju, BaoanDistrict, Shenzhen, Guangdong,

China

Chinese; G33991354 Room Don 14fF, Block 3, HaiyiDongfang Garden, Hi-Tech Road

South, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

AlternateNomineeDirector

I. hereby, COnsent to act as nominee director of the company i;0case of death of the single member.

-Signature of nominee director.

T, hereby, consent to act as alternate nominee director of thecompany in ease of non-availabil ity of nominee director.

Signature of alternate nom inee director.

I,II. Signature of single member: ~h112. Passport No. of IG 12 12 '8 1

313 J3 1

6 ISsignatory: I I

13. Date:

Day

[D I'llMonth

IDI61Year

-

THE COMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1984(Bcnazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd)

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVf.) Ltd

INTERPRETATION

1. In the interpretation of these articles the following expressionsshall have the following meanings unless repugnant to orinconsistent with the subject articles,-

(a) "alternate nominee director" means an individual nominated bythe single member to act as nominee director in case of non-availability of nominee director;

(b) "company" or "this company" means Benazirabad SolarPower (SMC-PVr.) Ltd;

(c) "directors" or "board of directors" means board of directors so thatit may consist of only the sole director or more than one directorsif so appointed under the relevant provisions of the Ordinance;

(d) "in writing" means written or printed or partly written andpartly printed or lithographed or typewritten or other substitutefor writing;

(e) "member director" means an individual becoming directordue to membership of the company in terms of clause (h) ofsection 187;

(f) "nominee director" means an individual nominated by the singlemember to act as director in case of death of single member;

(g) "private company" means a private company other than asingle member company;

(h) "rule" means the rule of the Single Member CompaniesRules, 2003;

(i) "Rules" means the Single Member Companies Rules,2003;

m "section" means section of tile Companies Ordinance, 1984(XLVlI ofl984); and

(k) "sole director" means the director of the company who is forthe time being the only director and the single member of thecompany, -

2. Ordinance shall, in the absence of any express provision to thecontrary, apply in relation to a single member company as it appliesin relation to such a company which is formed by two or morepersons or which has two or more persons as members.

SINGI,E MEMBER COMPANY

3. 'The company is a single member company and as such being aPrivate Company limited byshares:

(3) it shall not issue invitation to the public to subscribe for any shareof the company;

(b) the company shall not register any share(s) in the name of twoor more persons to hold one or more shares individually orjointly; and

(c) number of thc members of the company shall be limited to one.

SHARES

4. '111e company may increase U1Cnominal share capital in accordancewith sectionscz and 94.

5. Share certificatc(s) shall be issued under the seal of the Companyand shall be signed by the member director, and in case of his death,by the nominee director and the secretary.

; 6.; The company may, upon passing of a special resolution, issuefurther shares or transfer existing shares or part thereof causing thenumber of members to become two or more in accordance with theRules but it shall become a private company thereafter.

. )( 7·,'..

8.

The company shall not transfer all of the shares of a singlemem ber to two or more persons or part of shares of single member toother person(s) or allot further shares to any person other than thesingle member or, at any time, allow transfer of shares or allotmentof shares or both resulting ill number of members to become twoor more, except under thc authority of a special resolution for eof status from single member company to private romp ~~l1t1;a;~. -~its articles accordingly. ~~~.--~ -" ~~i~._...,,_ ~~\

....~ I , ~··1ir. ~ ~The single member may transfer all of his shares i Sl~ ~.... : 'iiiunder the authority of an ordinary resolution whet Q. ~ ~ ••• ~~,,;,

shall remain H single member company as it was befo c::! uc~~~ ,( jJI, 171<~ ~

",('/?C ....'1> •• ',':.:{!~~.,

-'.

2

9. A person whose name is entered as a member in the register ofmembers shall without payment, be entitled to receive, withinninety days after allotment or within forty-five days of theapplication for registration of transfer, a certificate under the sealspecifying the share or shares held by him.

TRANSFI~RAND TRANSMISSION OF SHARES

10. Transfer and transmission of shares shall be in accordance withprovisions of sections 74 to 81.

11. In case of death of the single member, the power to register or refusetransfer of shares shall be exercised by the secretary and thenominee director under the Rules.

12. If the company allots further shares or the shares held by the singlemember are transferred in total or in part and as a result thereof

/ the company becomes a private company, the fact that it has,~~_ converted from a single member company to a private company andl/ 'number of its members has increased to two or more shall be

recorded in the register of members along with the date of the eventand the particulars of the members,

13· Transmission of shares Lo the legal heirs shall be recorded in theregister of members by the secretary and the nominee director,

CHANGE OF STATUS

!4- The company may convert itself from single member privatecompany to a private company in accordance with the provisions ofrule a,

GENERAL MEETINGS

15· A general meeting, to be called annual general meeting, shall beheld, in accordance with the provisions of section 158 and rule 5.

16. All general meetings of the company other than an annual generalmeeting as specified in section 158 shall be called extraordinarygeneral meetings and shall be deemed to be held in accordance withthe provisions of rule 5· \\~Reii;j:~

(.,~~~'b ~;J~;;?<;,,'...,·I~~:=.retary shall attend all th 2 •... ~ . :~\co~ :, ny but shall have

c. r .~$' "_ .. ~,,, ..~. ~'!.,~ ... ~~ ,;.~~»z« ;/..:~~a}t~ ,~:,/

.... ~~~.~, •• .l.. .. ~.\~ ...• ~

-17·

N(YnCE AND PROCEEDINGS OF GENERAL MEETINGS

18. In case where the law specifies time period for giving of notice of anymeeting of the members or of directorfs), requirements of the lawshall be deemed to have been complied with if both the secretaryand the members are notified of the meeting and they altend suchmeeting provided that in case of annual general meeting the timeperiod for giving uf notice to the auditor of the company shall not beless than twenty one days.

19· The single member present ill person or through proxy shall be thequorum for the general meeting provided that secretary shall not actas proxy of the single member.

20. If the single member takes any decision which is required to be takenin a meeting of the board or in the general meeting or by means of aresolution and such decision is delivered by the single member inwriting, within three days of such decision, to the company for entryin the minute book and is so recorded, that decision shall be valid asif agreed in such a meeting.

DIRECTOR(S)A' mCf7V.'l'tZ.f- ;l..lflQserli~ ZTf. (I-\.\<.') L'i ~ .C),\~ 21.1 Th, fi"td1,ectoq' of the Company shall be the following persons:

:;:'01' , ) Hu Jinghua, a Chinese citizen, having passport no. G22833365;

Peng Aiguang, a Chinese citizen, having passport no. PEOl18573: andShi Yu, a Chinese citizen, having passport no. G33991354.

, I

22. The company shall always have the single member as a director but itmay have such number of other dircctor(s) who fulfill the conditionsas specified in section 187.

23· The board or the general meeting shall not have the power to removethe member director but the single member (or member director)shall have the power to remove any director, chief executive 01"

secretary through a resolution.

24· The director(s) shall have the powers as specified in section 196. -25· The directorts) shall appoint a chief executive in accordance with the

provisions of sections 198 and 199.

26. The director(s) shall cause minutes to be made in books as requiredunder section 173.

4

PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS

26. The directors may meet together for the dispatch of business, adjournand otherwise regulate their meetings, as they think fit. Questions arising atany meeting shall be decided by a majority of votes. In case of an equality ofvotes, the chairman shall have and exercise a second or casting vote. Adirector may, and the secretary on the requisition of a director shall, at anytime, summon a meeting of directors. It is necessary to give notice of ameeting to all directors of the Company including directors for the timebeing absent from Pakistan.

•27. 'I11edirectors may elect a chairman of their meetings and determine theperiod tor which he is to hold office; but, ifno such chairman is elected, or ifat any meeting the chairman is not present within ten minutes after the timeappointed for holding the same or is unwilling to act as chairman, thedirectors present may choose one of their number to be chairman of themeeting.

28. The directors may delegate any of their powers not required to beexercised in their meeting to committees consisting of such member ormembers of their hody as they think fit; any committee so formed shall, inthe exercise of the powers so delegated, conform to any restrictions that maybe imposed on them by the directors.

29. (1) A committee may elect a chairman of its meetings; but, if no suchchairman is elected, or if at any meeting the chairman is not present withintell minutes after the time appointed for holding the same or is unwilling toact as chairman, the members present may choose one of their number to hechairman of the meeting.(2) A committee may meet and adjourn as it thinks proper. Questions arisingat any meeting shall be determined by a majority of votes of the memberspresent In case of an equality of votes, the chairman shall have and exercisea second 01' casting vote.

30 All acts done by any meeting of the directors or of a committee ofdirectors, or by any person acting as a director, shall, notwithstanding that itbe afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment ofany such directors or persons acting as aforesaid, or that they or any of themwere disqualified, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointedand was qualified to be a director.

31. A copy of the minutes of m . ~f~ard of directors shall befurnished to every director withi <:> ~~.~'~ .• te.ofmeeting.~a~""~..~~. ,,\~ <;. ~.

~ "-~..:"~~:: ~: ..\? !~ ~il'"~ t)\'~'" ...~~ .... _.\ IJ' 'i-. .JI':."" ~.,~ . ~ 0'/

\ ..~ to;'. ~-"~{C~~.,,!~~~ .

-

SECRETARY

33. A single member private limited company shall appoint a secretary intenus of section 204A and rule 6 who shall be responsible fordischarge of duties and functions normally discharged by asecretary under the corporate laws and secretarial practice.

34. The secretary shall be appointed at the time of incorporation andsubsequen tly on the same day or the day next following his resignationor removal or in case of his death within seven days of the event.

35, The sole director shall not be the secretary of tile company,

CONTRACfSwm-I TI-IESINGLE MEMBER

36. Contract between the company and single member shall be made inaccordance with the provisions of rule 8,

DIVlDENDS AND RESERVES

37. 111ecompany may declare dividends and pay in accordance with theprovisions of sectiolls248 to 251.

ACCOUNTS

38. The directorfs) shall Cc;'111se to keep proper books of account inaccordance with the provisions of section 230 and shall, as required bysections 233 and 236, cause to be prepared and to be laid before thecompany in general meeting such profit and loss accounts or incomeand expenditure accounts and balance sheets duly audited and reportsas are referred to in those sections. They shall in all respects complywith the provisions of sections 230 to 236.

40. Auditors shall be appointed and their duties raccordance with the provisions of sections 252 to 255.

So long as the company has only one director, the requiremen~i!l::~section 241 shall be deemed to have been met if the balances ~fjct' .~ ...c-,profit and loss account is authenticated by the sole director. .~ i!~.._~ :lJ;.:#.:~

~~~~/.Pli~~%. \ate ~~ .. ~\o;l." f ~~ 4:_' ~J;

~ ~~ .. z· .. r;:/\V" ~~,~,!-, ;' ./"0. '" -e ~"'.'- '.', . ..~. .'

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-39·

TI-IE SEAL

41. The director(s) shall provide for the safe custody of the seal and theseal shall not be affixed to any instrument except by the authority of aresolution of the board of director(s) or by a committee of director(s)

6

authorized in that behalf by the member director and in thepresence of at least member director and of the secretary or suchother person as the director(s) may appoint for the purpose; and themember director and the secretary or other person as aforesaid shall signevery instrument to which the seal of the company is affixed in theirpresence.

WINDING UP

42. The company shall follow, in case of its winding up, the relevantprovisions of the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVTIof 1984).

43. Every officer or agent for the time being of the company may beindemnified out of the assets of the company against any liabilityincurred by him in defending any proceedings, whether civil orcriminal arising out of his dealings in re1ation to the affairs of thecompany, except those brought by the company against him, in whichjudgment is given in his favour or in which he is acqui i{1lf~& r. '-connection with any application under section 488 in w ~~rclW~,~/iC;~ \.\\granted to him by the Court. .~<::i~_' \\\If ;i_,~j~~~

~ .. ~~ ~.~":"I. .~~~ ..~~ ~/

<$"Q~ .~t<~./'dille ,._ f'\\C,C,~"./............... _. ~

-7

I

I, whose name and address is subscribed, am desirous of being formed into a single member company, in pursuance of these Articles of Association,and I undertake to take the number of shares listed against my name.

Name and Surname (present and Father's/HusB8ft Nationality, with I Occupatio i No. o(sharesformer) in Full (in Block Letters) ti.!s Name in Full any former n Residential address in full taken by Signatureand NIC Number nationality subscriber

MIS ZfE (H.K.) LTDI

735878Hong Kong, China rm2307-09, 23/F, china 100

resources bldg, 26harbour road, wanchaiHong Kong, incorporationnO·735878

REPRESEJI.'TED BY Vice flat NO.4 on 34/F of block~~MS. HU JINGHUA HuSuwen Chinese General B causeway centre NO.28

G2283336S Manager harbour road Wan Chai . IHongKong

I~\\t~I 18-160u, Taoyuanju,

MR. PENG AIGUANG Peng Zhongxin Chinese Engineer Baoan District, Shenzhen,

PEo1l8S73 Guangdong, ChinaI

1 Room D on 14/F, Block 3.Shi Huiiun Chinese Finance Haiyi Dongfang Garden, ,

MS, SHlYUG33991534

. HI-Tech Road South,I Shenzhen, China

Total No. ofSharcs: 100

Dated "U-day of 1..,L Y J 2015

Witness to above signatures:

rtf""Signature: ~4Name: ;:-t ~!I c: '.,Father's Kame: R~h J"C!.,. L,

NIC Number: .., "2-')01- g).{) &11 _J-.JAddress: D -6 ?-!( (J 11. ;::'

iJ _ . -"Ct:k-t-r ~<f:#o'_', - ~ 'Y "\. _t'-'1.-

- .~.- .. .'

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ANNEX BGos LETIER

ANNEX F

FEASIBILITY REPORT

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

TABLE OF CONTENTS

11.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.7.11.7.21.7.31.7.41.7.51.7.61.7.71.7.81.7.9

22.12.22.3

e 33.13.1.13.1.23.1.33.1.43.23.33.3.13.3.23.3.33.43.4.13.4.23.4.3

General Overview 5Location of the Site 5The Respondents & Project 8Capacity/Generation 9Engineering, Procurement and Construction 9O&M Management 10Health & Safety 11Environmental and Social 12Relevant Acts 12Approach and Methodology 12Construction Aspects 13Noise Level during Construction 14Impact of Fugitive Dust during Construction 14Harmful Effects on Flora & Fauna & Natural Vegetation 14Effluent Discharge Waste Water 14Hazardous Substances Storage 15Social Impacts 15

Task and Scale of Project 16Project Task 16Scale of Project 17Necessity of Project Construction 17

Preliminary Design 19Relative Standard 19General Design Codes 19Civil Engineering Design Criteria, Standards and Codes 19Mechanical Engineering Design Criteria, Standards and Codes '" 19Control and Electrical Engineering Design Criteria, Standards and Codes 19System Composition 21Technology and Equipment. 22PV Modules 22Mountings 30Inverters 34PV Power Plant Design 38Preliminary Outline of PV Power Plant 38PV Array Design 40Electrical Design 1fo44,


3.4.4 Lightning Protection and Grounding Design 573.4.5 Automatic Fire Alarm System 603.4.6 Video Security Monitoring System 603.4.7 Weather Protection of Major Equipments 613.4.8 Sewage Drainage System 623.5 Interconnection Study 63

4 Simulation Result 644.1 Solar Irradiation and Average Temperature 644.2 Simulation Result , 644.3 Power Plant Factor 664.4 Analysis of Solar Source 664.4.1 Monthly Report 664.4.2 Loss Coefficient 684.4.3 Uncertainty of simulation 704.5 25 Years Generated Calculation 714.5.1 Derating Curve of Module 714.5.2 25 Years Simulation Calculation 71

5 O&M Proposal. 745.1 Plant O&M organization and responsibility 745.1.1 Plant O&M organization 745.2 Preparation of Solar Product Inspection and Maintenance 745.2.1 Personnel. 745.2.2 Tools 745.2.3 Instrument preparation 755.2.4 Labor protection products 765.3 Solar product inspection and maintenance details 765.3.1 PV array and cable connection inspection 765.3.2 PV Array Structure Inspection and Maintenance 805.3.3 Inverter Maintenance Management.. 835.3.4 Transformer operation 855.3.5 SCADA Inspection and Maintenance 85

2

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BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Map of the site , 6

Figure 1-2 Site location from Google Earth 6

Figure 1-3 Monthly Global Irradiance of the Site 7

Figure 1-4 Monthly Average Temperature of the Site 7

Figure 3-1 the Appearance of a typical 255Wp Module 28

Figure 3-2 I-V-P Curves of the typical 255Wp polycrystalline PV module 28

Figure 3-3 Appearance of Fixed Type Mounting 33

Figure 3-4 1MW Container PV grid-connected inverter appearance 35

e Figure 3-5 Efficiency variation for various AC loads 36

Figure 3-6 Outline of PV Power Plant 39

Figure 3-7 1MWp PV generating sub-array layout... 40

Figure 3-8 Vertical Layout of PV String 41

Figure 3-9 Tilt angle calculation of PVsyst 42

Figure 3-10 Shading figure of 9:00 in 21st Dec 43

Figure 3-11 Shading figure of 16:00 in 21st Dec 43

Figure 3-13 11kV oil-immersed transformer's appearance 45

Figure 3-14 Appearance of 11kV switchgear 48

Figure 3-15 Comprehensive monitoring diagram 53

Figure 3-16 Video monitoring diagram 61

Figure 4-1 Normalized Productions 65

Figure 4-2 Performance Ratio 66

Figure 4-3 Monthly yield of 20MWp Power Plant 67

Figure 4-4 Loss Diagram of 20MWp PV Power Plant.. 68

Figure 4-5 Derating curve of module 71

Figure 5-1 Tools 75

Figure 5-2 Testing Instrument 76

Figure 5-3 Products of Labor Protected 76

Figure 5-4 PV Array Damage 77

Figure 5-5 Dust Whisking 78

Figure 5-6 Scrape dirt yr~ 7~

BENAZIRABAP SOLAR POWER (SMC-pYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Figure 5-7 Pollutant Cleaning 79

Figure 5-8 Junction Box Check 79

Figure 5-9 Structure Rust.. 81

Figure 5-10 Bolts Loose 81

TABLES

Table 3-1 Comparison of Different PV Modules 24

Table 3-2 Comparison of Economy of Different Modules 25

Table 3-3 Comparison of Different Polycrystalline Silicon Modules 26

Table 3-4 Typical 255Wp Polycrystalline PV Module Specification 28

Table 3-5 Comparison of Mountings 31

Table 3-6 Parameter of Fixed Type Mountings 33

Table 3-7 1MW Container Inverter Technical Specifications 36

Table 3-8 PV module quantities in strings 41

Table 3-9 Specification of 11kV 1MVA Transformer 46

Table 3-10 Specification of breakers 48

Table 3-11 Relay Protection Devices 49

Table 3-12 Monitoring parameters 53

Table 3-13 Environment Specification of Major Equipments 61e Table 4-1 Monthly Solar Irradiation 64

Table 4-2 Monthly Average Temperature 64

Table 4-3 Information of 20MWp PV Power Plant 64

Table 4-4 The Loss Diagram of solar power plant., 69

Table 4-5 Simulation Generation and PR of 20MWp during 25 years 72

Table 5-1 Plant O&M Organization 74

4

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC·pyn LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

1 General OverviewLocated on the Western stretch of the South Asian Continent, Islamic Republic of Pakistan

is presently in a state of energy shortage. The energy prices worldwide are on the increase

and the power supply system in Pakistan will come under more stress with passage of time.

The Government of Pakistan has thus placed the issue of power generation and supply as

one of the country's highest priorities and investing in renewable energies such as solar has

gained more and more importance.

A Renewable Energy Policy has been created by the Pakistan Government to encourage

the private sector to invest in the development of renewable energy solutions. And the

Government of Sindh has decided to set up 20MWp landmark Solar Photovoltaic Power

Plants at five various towns of the province of Sindh making a total of 100MWp to address

power shortage at these sites and adjoining areas.

Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd is required to propose a 25 year

Build-Own-Operate (BOO) 20MWp PV power plant project solution under the

Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) policy at Shaheed Benazirabad. In this project,

Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd will choose industry proven state of the art

technology which will have the highest level of efficiency and reliability currently available in

the international market and is suitable for the environmental conditions of the Sindh

province.

Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd envisages that installation of 20MWp Solar

Power will certainly help in reducing the gap between electricity supply and demand faced

presently, create more job opportunities for the inhabitant of the area, ensuring delivery of

clean power, and generate healthy economic activity as well as transfer of technology and

training to local manpower.

1.1 Location of the Site

Shaheed Benazirabad presently faces electricity shortage. The LOI issued by the Authority

wherein 20MWp Solar Power plants will be set up and for which a provision of 120 acres

land will be made available by GOS. The coordinates of site are as below:

Latitude: 26°25'54"N

5

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Longitude:

Figure 1-1 Map of the site

.,

Mir Rah~enlBUK TCllpw

HafizMuhammlld

Nawaz xhoso

f.,.IJMill('J.L'lil;._. t. I,.,.

.... -,

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i~a:IP;YPiiJoLM.,l~

Si'~jhoro'..:..Vl~

ShlihpurChOk., "'!I~

;.iV.lSot cl..i 'Jii:6 Deh 22 .Iamrao

,Q~iJI ~"wtlb Kol~L.,

Figure 1-2 Site location from Google Earth

The following figures shows the average annual irradiance for the site which is about

1990kWh/m2, and average temperature ranges between 16°C in winter and 35°C in

summer.

6

BENAZIRABAP SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT) UPAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Figure 1-3 Monthly Globallrradiance of the Site

N 200E-.c~

~ 150flcIV:0E 100...;a..DoCi 50

250

---_ __ .__ _._---_ -..-.-.--.-----

,

Io L

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i + ~...;

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l,

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... !... , ..,

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.i

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Nov Dec I___________ .••..•. J

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

Data from Meteonorm V7.1

Figure 1-4 Monthly Average Temperature of the Site

40

35

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,"'- -,-

.,.

i.c .. 1'

I--,-

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Data from Meteonorm V7. 1

Rich solar irradiance resource is very suitable for solar power plant generation. However

higher temperature tends to lower efficiency of PV modules. The sunshine generation hours

are estimated at about 1691 hours annually and first year's Plant Capacity Factor is about

7

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER CSMC-PYT) LIPAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

19.49%, 25 years' average plant capacity factor is 17.72%. The figures are encouraging to

obtain a good result for PV power plant.

1.2 The Respondents & Project

ZTE Corporation, main sponsor of Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd, is the

Respondent apart from being a globally-leading provider of telecommunications equipment,

network solutions, it is an experienced renewable energy solution provider in Pakistan and

many other countries. With operations in 160 countries, the company is a leader in

technology innovation, delivering superior products and business solutions to clients all over

the world. Founded in 1985, ZTE is listed on both the Hong Kong and Shenzhen Stock

Exchanges and is China's largest listed telecoms equipment company.

ZTE Corporation has finished many new energy projects in Pakistan.

1. Collaboration on Home Solar: 240,000 sets

From 2012 to 2014, cumulative 240,000 sets of home solar systems have been

delivered for Ujaala Program in Punjab

Daily solar power capacity generated could meet the requirement of numbers of

families, for 15-20 hours lighting and other home use.

2. Collaboration on Solar Street light: Cooperated with Lahore since August 2013, to build

the local solar street lighting systems

Fast deployment: 50 days only from solution confirmation to delivery

Customized design: reuse the existing lighting poles to save initial investment

High efficiency product: Energy saving LED lamps, solar controller with 98%

efficiency

3. Solar power for telecom site: since 2011, over 1000 green energy telecom sites have

been in service for PTCL, TP, CMPAK and etc

Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd envisages undertaking a Ground Based, Fixed

Bracket Plant having a capacity of 20MWp at Standard Testing Condition (STC) capable of

delivering 34142MWh to the National Grid during 1st year after commissioning. Spread over

8

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

an area of about 120 acres, it will house 78431 Polycrystalline PV modules of 255Wp rated

power each. For convenient system installation and maintenance, the 20MWp solar power

generation system will be divided into twenty 1MWp solar subsystems. The DC voltage of

each 1MWp PV subsystem (module) is converted in 3 phase AC with lower voltage through

the 3 phase inverter and is further stepped up to 11kV through a O.315/11kV 1000kVA

step-up transformer. Ten solar subsystems are connected together to form a ring with 11kV

cables and connect to the 11kV Bus Bar in the substation. There are two solutions to

evacuate power from solar power plant: (1) Three direct 11KV circuits each of 6 km length to

Jamrau Head 66/11 KV Substation.(2)Looping solar power plant IN-OUT of single 66KV

circuit between Jamrau Head and Sanghar. An 7.5MVar Switched Shunt Capacitor will be

connected to improve the power factor as per the standard laid down in NTDC Grid Code.

1.3 Capacity/Generation

It is expected that in the first full year of operation, the 20MWp design shall inject

34142MWh (20MWp*8760Hrs"19.49%) of electricity into the public grid before taking into

account first year degradation and losses. Over all generation during the 25 years' term of

this 20MWp PV power plant is expected to be 776.2GWh of electrical energy.

1.4 Engineering, Procurement and Construction

Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd will utilize excellent engineering practices in

preparing the design of the Plant. Proposed plant and equipment will be newly

manufactured and unused, and all the necessary information about EPC contractor,

subcontractor, and major equipment manufacturer will be provided in the appendices.

ZTE has a global supply chain and provide products and services to worldwide clients in

about 160 countries. ZTE has a mature procurement process to guarantee the steady

supply of equipment, in this 20MWp PV power plant project, and the procurement plan can

refer to below process.

i. Preparing Procurement Documentation

ii. Managing the Competition & Selecting Vendors

iii. Debriefing Losing Vendors9

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVTl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

iv. Executing the Procurement

v. Subcontract Monitoring

vi. Maintaining Traceability of Subcontractor Data

vii. Evaluation and Acceptance of Vendor Product

viii. MakelBuy Analysis and Rationale

All of the major equipments will be purchased from the manufacturers well versed and

experienced in PV power plant product in time to satisfy the requirement of implement

schedule. The information about these manufacturers is available in the appendices.

The estimated construction period for the Solar PV Plant is 24 weeks with flat open terrain

and good road and electrical transmission facility nearby.

The imported equipment would come via Karachi Sea Port. The civil work materials shall be

arranged from the nearest local markets and dealers. Certain items, such as steel

accessories, cables and electrical accessories shall come from China or appropriate

Pakistan cities including Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore,

It is proposed that the road facilities leading to PV plant and infrastructures for Power

Evacuation (TIL) will be constructed by respective HESCO. The site will be restored to the

original landscape following project completion.

1.5 O&M Management

The operations and maintenance of the solar project will be supervised by an associated

company of Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd and managed by a management

team of Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd. The O&M shall consist of routine

operational checks via remote and local monitoring, check calibration and maintenance of

electrical equipment, replacement of damaged equipment, PV module cleaning and general

ground work and repair to achieve efficient and reliable max possible generation.

The operational and maintenance plan includes the following scope of work:

• 24/7 remote monitoring and diagnostic services from power plant control centre:

10

"'."

""J" "<,. " BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pYT) LTD

Add: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Monitoring up to string level output to pinpoint location of errors on the power

plant.

• Monthly, quarterly and annual performance reports.

• Annual detailed system inspection and maintenance:

Measure string voltage and current at the inverter input.

Conduct first level maintenance on inverters.

Check integrity of structures and retighten bolts,

Inspect cables.

Inspect Junction Box for any loose/rusted connection and remove any

accumulative sulphate deposit.

Inspect MV transformers and switchgear,

• Client's access account for live monitoring of the PV power plant:

Access to live data collected over 10 min intervals.

Access to archive data.

• Module cleaning

• Grass cutting, if necessary

• Replacement spare parts

1.6 Health & Safety

The 20MWp PV power plants and all systems forming part of it will be constructed and

operated with safety as a priority consideration, The health and safety of all personnel,

whether constructors, operators, maintenance workers or others, shall be considered at all

stages of the development, and the EPC Contractor shall ensure that the safety of all

personnel is guaranteed during construction and O&M of the Plant.


Contractor's health and safety policy and procedures shall include the international safety

practices covering but not be limited to the rules governing welfare, health, sanitation and

safety of employees.

Contractor's safety policy and procedures shall also comply with any special safety

regulations identified in the licensing, planning and design stages.

1.7 Environmental and Social

A detailed Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) has been performed for the proposed

identified site. Normally PV power plants built in undeveloped environment will have number

of positive impacts and negligible negative impacts to the existing environment as follows:

Significant improvement in the economic activities in the surrounding areas due to

generation of direct and indirect employment opportunities;

Environment pollution due to cut and fill operations, transportation of construction materials,

disposal of debris, noise, vehicle exhaust, vibration are the short term negative impacts due

to proposed project with mitigations being properly taken care.

1.7.1 Relevant Acts

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

National Environmental Quality Standards, 2000

The Sindh Wildlife Protection (Amendment) Act, 2008

Land Acquisition Act, 1894

Protection of Trees and Brushwood Act, 1979

1.7.2 Approach and Methodology

Since construction of 20 MWp solar power plants is a new idea in Sindh, its environmental

examination was approached in two ways. Firstly, it was handled in a conventional way in

terms of preparing environmental statement (lEE report). Secondly, contemporary literature

was comprehensively reviewed regarding technical details of the PV technology and the

,~~~ :~.a==~L~l

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVJ) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

related information. Based on these approaches, this lEE report is prepared which explains

the understanding of objectives, approach to the services, methodology for carrying out the

activities & obtaining the expected output, and the extent and detail of such output.

The lEE methodology follows the conventional methods that meet the maximum of Sindh

EPA requirements as well as fulfills the IFC's guidelines on social and environmental

sustainability standards and policies. In the lEE process, the environmental and social

aspects were fully taken into account while gathering field information on physical assets,

biological resources and social settings of the project area.

1.7.3 Construction Aspects

Contractor's Facilities

Contractor will have to construct facilities for labor, machinery and vehicles, etc. It is

envisaged that there is lot of space available for the contractor around the project area

without disturbing any resident, ecology or the infrastructure.

Work Force

It is expected that the skilled staff will be engaged in the construction and installation work

during the construction stage of the project. The breakdown of the staff strength during the

average and peak construction stages is expected as 100 and 200, respectively.

Construction Material and Transportation

Solar panels will be erected on steel rods fixed in the ground. Similarly, other construction

material will also be used to build allied structures such as office, store room, parking area,

switchyard, etc. using framed construction technology. The framed structure will consist of

rei nforced cement concrete (RCC) using mainly steel, cement, sand, aggregate for

construction purposes. Transport of construction materials to the construction site will not be

a big issue till the vehicles run on metal roads but will face problem as soon as they turn on

the earthen tracks. The bearing capacity of these jeep-able tracks is low for heavy

machinery transportation. It is visualized that transportation may be suspended during wet

season due to worsened condition of the tracks.

13

.JiI~ ,,_:::~

a~;:=t~i)BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pyn LTD


1.7.4 Noise Level during Construction

During construction period, noise level is expected to increase to 80-120dB due to

movement of construction machinery and equipment. This noise will impact areas close to

the construction site and the surrounding areas within 250 m_

The most likely persons to be impacted by the noise may be the labor working at site that

can use ear-plugs during working with the machinery.

1.7.5 Impact of Fugitive Dust during Construction

Solar power generation itself will not produce any toxic and harmful exhaust pollutants.

However, the vehicular exhaust and dust produced by excavation for foundations are the

only pollutants and their spread mainly depends on wind speed, direction and dry or wet

status of the ground surface. During summer, when wind speed is high and the surface is

dry, amount of blowing dust will be more than in winter. It is further to add that the air

pollution caused by dust blowing during construction will be temporary and will disappear

after the completion of construction.

1.7.6 Harmful Effects on Flora & Fauna & Natural Vegetation

The project area is located at the edge of desert where the ecological environment is

relatively fragile and vegetation is not rich. As such, there will be minimum damage to the

ecological environment and flora & fauna due to construction work except for some trees,

shrubs which have to be cleared before the start of construction. No further damage to flora

& fauna & natural vegetation is expected during construction period.

The project area is almost a desert and has little ecological impact on identified sites in

terms of wild animals and plants protection. It is envisaged that operation of the power unit

will not change the status of local animals and plants thus no adverse impact on the local

and surrounding ecological environment, especially on flora and fauna.

1.7.7 Effluent Discharge Waste Water

The production of wastewater from the project construction activities comes mainly by

washing the concrete truck mixers and other construction machinery, repairing equipment

and maintaining vehicles, but the total amount of such waste water is small. The

i~4

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construction sites being scattered and wide, so the waste water can be used for spraying at

the construction site.

During the construction period, the domestic sewage will be collected, and transported

outside for safe disposal. During normal operation of the power plant, the same practice will

be continued.

1.7.8 Hazardous Substances Storage

No hazardous substances are applied in this project.

1.7.9 Social Impacts

This 20MWp PV power plant project will create employment opportunities for the local

people. Even indirect job opportunities will be created outside the project boundary. The

project would improve the basic infrastructure and the people of nearby villages can also

use these amenities. 8enazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd will give priority to the

skilled, un-skilled labor of the nearby villages. Overall, it is expected that there will be

marginal impacts on the socio-economic conditions of the locality and the impact will be

mostly positive.

15

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2 Task and Scale of Project

2.1 Project Task

In this project, respondents are supposed to set up a 20MWp solar power plant in one of five

towns of Sindh Province, on the basis of Built Operate Own (BOO). 8enazirabad Solar

Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd will undertake construction of a 20MWp Ground Based, Fixed

mounted PV solar power plant, spread over an area of about 120 acres. 8enazirabad Solar

Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd will undertake the responsibility to carry out

Solar resource analysis

Engineering geology exploration,

Environmental impact assessment,

Overall scheme design of the system,

Electrical design,

Generation yield calculation,

Energy saving and consumption reduction analysis.

There after construct the solar power plant along with civil amenities and operate and

maintain after Project completion.

To minimize the land occupation area, the solar array is arranged in a rectangular shape.

The land occupation area includes land of solar array, inverters, transformers, arrival roads,

land for 11KV or 66 KV Substation and comprehensive building, etc.

16


2.2 Scale of Project

2.3 Necessity of Project Construction

The low carbon economy is the economic mode based on low pollution and low emission.

The essence is the high-efficiency utilization of energy source, development of clean energy

source and green GDP. "Low carbon economy" has become the global hotspot, which is

called as the fourth "low carbon revolution". European and American countries have greatly

promoted the "low carbon revolution" using the high efficiency and low emission as cores,

developed the "low carbon technology", and critically adjusted the policies of industries,

energy sources, technologies, trades, etc., so as to seize the opportunity and commanding

height. The "low carbon economy" involves wider industry and field uses, and the clean

energy source is very critical.

The solar energy is the clean renewable energy source as compared to the traditional power

generation method. There is no emission of air pollutants in the running process, the

conventional energy source is reduced, especially the consumption of coal resources, the

ecological environment is protected thus the influence on the environment is minimized and

clean power is delivered to the national grid, and the social benefits and

environment-friendly benefits are very obvious.

The development and building of solar power station thus meets the National

Environment-Friendly and Energy-Saving policy. The project is located in an economically

backward area and its implementation can drive the development of the local economy in a

number of ways and a few are enlisted below.

Creation of jobs would come into being for the local inhabitant of the area.

A lot of economic activity in form of general merchandize and supply of food items for the

work force would be required.

Technical knowhow will be transferred at each level (Erection, Testing, Commissioning, and

O&M) and a trained manpower would be produced.

Local transport activity will pick up for transportation of men and material.

17

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With advent of economic affluence of the inhabitants, local construction boom (building of

new houses) could come into effect.

18

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."".".,.~".---,---.----------------------3 Preliminary Design

3.1 Relative Standard

3.1.1 General Design Codes

• IEC 60364 (all parts), Low-voltage electrical installations

• IEC 61936-1, Power installations exceeding 1 kV A.C. - Part 1: Common rules

• IEC 60071, Insulation co-ordination - Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules

• IEC 60068, Environmental testing. Part 1: General and guidance

• NT DC - The Grid Code - 2005

• Solar Grid Code after GCRP meeting 20-09-2013

• Performance Standards (Generation) Rules-NEPRA 2009

3.1.2 Civil Engineering Design Criteria, Standards and Codes

• BCP SP-2007 Building Code of Pakistan

3.1.3 Mechanical Engineering Design Criteria, Standards and Codes

• BCP SP-2007 Building Code of Pakistan(Wind Load Part for PV Rack)

3.1.4 Control and Electrical Engineering Design Criteria, Standards and Codes

• IEC 60364-7-712:2002, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-712: Requirements

for special installations or locations - Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems

• EN 50521 :2008 Connectors for PV systems

19

!.';j!~ BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER lSMC-PVTl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

• IEC 60228, 60364-1, 60332-1-2, 60754-1 and -2, 61034, TOV approval 2Pfg1169:

cable design and wiring for the electrical infrastructure and connection infrastructure

(DC cables should be solar cables)

• IEC 62109-1 and IEC 62109-2: Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic

power systems - Part 1: General requirements & Part 2: Particular requirements for

inverters

• IEC 61215 Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design

qualification and type approval

• IEC 61730 Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification

• IEC 61701 Salt mist corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV)

• IEC 62109-1 and IEC 62109-2: Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic

power systems - Part 1: General requirements & Part 2: Particular requirements for

inverters

• IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power

Systems

• IEC 60076, Power Transformers

• IEC 62271, High voltage switchgear and control gear

• IEC 60376, Specification of technical grade sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) for use in

electrical Equipment

• IEC 61439, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies

• IEC 60439, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies

• IEC 60947, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear

• IEC 60364 (4-41) Low-voltage electrical installations: Protection for safety - Protection

against electric shock

• IEC 60364 (5-54) Low-voltage electrical installations: Selection and erection of

electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements and protective conductori it20

:'t~:;;: '::~.. BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

• IEC 60298 High voltage switchgear in metallic enclosure

• IEC 61936-1 Power installations exceeding 1 kV A.C. - Common rules

• EN 50522 Earthing of power installations exceeding 1 kV A. C.

• IEC 60364-7-717 Low-voltage electrical installations: Requirements for special

installations or locations - Mobile or transportable units

• IEC 62305 (all parts), Protection against lightning

• IEC 60099 Surge arresters

• IEC 60364-6, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 6: Verification

• IEC 62446, Grid connected photovoltaic systems - Minimum requirements for system

documentation, commissioning tests and inspection

• IEC 61000, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

3.2 System Composition

Solar power plant generally includes following composition:

1. PV Module and mounting;

2. Solar array lightning combiner box;

3. Solar DC/AC lightning protection distribution cabinet;

4. Solar grid-connected inverter;

5. Medium voltage step-up transformer;

6. Medium voltage access system;

7. High voltage step-up transformer;

8. High voltage access system;

9. System communication monitoring device;

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13. Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

10. System lightning protection and grounding device;

11. System connection cable and protective material;

12. Comprehensive building, drainage infrastructure, etc.

3.3 Technology and Equipment

3.3.1 PV Modules

For the selection of PV Module, first and foremost consideration is the industry trend,

technology maturity, running reliability, future technology development trend of the

commercialized PV Module. The other consideration for selection however is the natural

environments, construction conditions, traffic transportation conditions around solar station.

Selection also involves the technical and economy parameters. The PV Module found

suitable for the centralized large grid-connected solar power station is selected which will of

course adhere to the international standards.

3.3.1.1 Classification of PV Module

PV Modules are classified as per the materials they are made of:

1) Silicon PV Module: mono-crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and Non-crystalline

silicon.

2) Chemical semiconductor PV Module: mono-crystalline chemical cell (GaAs cell),

polycrystalline chemical cell (CIGS cell and CdTe cell), and Oxide semiconductor cell (Cr203

and Fe203).

3) Organic semiconductor PV Module: molecular crystalline cell, charge transfer complex

cell, and high polymer cell.

4) Thin film PV Module: Non-crystalline silicon thin film cell (a-Si), polycrystalline thin film

solar battery, chemical semiconductor thin film solar battery and nano-crystalline thin film

cell.

BENAZI RABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC.pYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

3.3.1.2 Comparison of Technical Properties

By combining solar industry status and productivity condition of the international PV Module

markets, the technical properties of main PV Modules are compared, i.e. crystalline silicon

cell and Non-crystalline silicon thin film cell.

1) Crystalline silicon PV Module

The earliest developed and large scale produced PV cell was Mono-crystalline Silicon Solar

Module. The commercially produced silicon based modules were 16% to 18% efficient and

had occupied the major market share for a long time. In comparison, the Poly-crystalline

Silicon solar module was slightly less efficient 14%-16%. But its production cost was

drastically lower and thus got a favorable market response. The technology cost efficiency

however can be easily balanced.

The crystalline silicon PV Module still leads the solar devices in the 21 st century, and is

continuously aiming to achieve the goal of higher efficiency and lower cost.

2) Non-crystalline silicon thin film cell (0 -Si)

The thin film PV Module is formed by depositing several micrometers or several dozens of

micrometers of semiconductor films on the glass, stainless steel, plastic and ceramic

substrates or the thin films. Since the semiconductor layer is thinner, the cell material can be

greatly saved, the production cost is reduced, and it is the novel solar battery with most

prospects, and becomes the key project and hotspot subject in the research and

development of world solar technology.

The non-crystalline silicon thin film cell has the most shares in the market. There are the

following characteristics:

a) The usage amount of material is less, the manufacturing technology is simple, the

continuous, large-area, automatic and batched production is realized, and the

manufacturing cost is low.

b) The consumed power in the manufacturing process is little, and the energy compensation

time is short.

c) The type of the substrate is selectable.

23


d) The weak light effect is good, the temperature coefficient is low, and the power generation

amount is much,

The scaled production of CdTe and CIGS cells in the thin film PV Modules is limited due to

the hypertoxicity of raw material or lacking of raw material, so they are still in investigation.

Aiming at reaching the goals of improving photoelectric conversion efficiency and reducing

production cost, each country is developing and investigating various types of PV Modules.

At present, the crystalline silicon PV Module and the thin film PV Module are the two

hotspots and key spots in the research and development of global novel solar modules. The

main properties of the commercialized mono-crystalline PV Module, polycrystalline silicon

PV Module, Non-crystalline silicon PV Module, CdTe PV Module and CIGS PV Module are

as shown in below table.

Table 3-1 Comparison of Different PV Modules

Crystalline silicon type Thin film Type

CategoriesMono-crystalline Non-crystalline Silicon Copper indium

Polycrystalline Silicon I Cadmium TellurideSilicon type diselenide

Commercial Efficiency 16%·18% 14%·16% 5%·9% 10%· 14% 10%·16%

Laboratory Efficiency 24% 20.3% 12.8% 16.4% 19.5%

Working Life 25 years 25 years 25 years 25 years 2S years

- Thickness of AssemblyThickness of Layer Thickness of Layer Lamella Lamella Lamella

Layer

Scale of Production Formed Formed Formed Formed Feasible

Neutral, exceptEnvironmental Issue Neutral Neutral Neutral Yes (using cadmium)

Using Cadmium

Cadmium andIndium is expensive

Major Material Source Medium Medium ' Abundant telluride are rarerare metal

metals

Manufacturing Cost Highest High : Low I Low Low

High Efficiency High Efficiency Matured Good Weak Light EffectGood Weak Light Good Weak Light

Key Advantages

itMatured Technology Technology Low Cost Effect Effect

24

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Lower Cost . Low Cost

As is evident from the above the comparison of solar modules the crystalline silicon cell has

higher Photo electric conversion efficiency, matured manufacturing technology, stable

product performance and long service life, the crystalline silicon cell is widely applied to the

grid-connected photoelectric power station project.

The non-crystalline silicon cell has lower efficiency, large land occupation area and

instability. Along with the development of technology and market, since the manufacturing

technology is relatively simple, the high-temperature process is not required and the

performance is higher than that of the crystalline silicon cell under the weak light condition,

and the non-crystalline silicon cell occupies certain shares at market.

3.3.1.3 Comparison of Economy

The competition among the manufactures, the technological advancement and market

development has resulted in bringing down the prices of solar modules. Taking 10MWp

capacity of China using fixed installation type as example, the price of the polycrystalline

silicon module is USDO.95IWp, the price of the non-crystalline silicon module is

USDO.89IWp. The primary comparison of the direct costs of these two type PV Modules is

as shown in below table.

Table 3-2 Comparison of Economy of Different Modules

ItemsPolycrystallineSilicon Module

Non-crystallineSilicon Module

Array area (unit: 10,000 m2) 21 39

10MWp Modules(unit million USD) 9.5 8.9

Other equipment (unit: million USO) 10.9 12

Civil work (unit: million USO) , 2.6 3.7

Designl management(unit: million

USO)

Sum (unit: million USO) 24 25.6

25

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pYJ) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Note: 1) The land cost is based on free allocation. 2) The data in the table is only primarily

calculated in China market.

According to above table, the polycrystalline silicon module economic benefit is slight higher

than that of non-crystalline silicon module.

3.3.1.4 Determination of Types of PV Module

According to the solar irradiance, characteristics and environmental conditions, various PV

Modules can be used on project. But the type of PV Module should be reasonably designed

in the specific application, so as to reach the optimum running effect.

By comprehensively comparing the technical and economical running performances of the

two type's modules with largest shares at the market, the crystalline silicon cell has higher

technical maturity, stable efficiency, and higher-scale application in domestic and at abroad,

higher occupation in the PV Module market, therefore the price of polycrystalline silicon cell

is reduced and becomes more reasonable. Therefore, it's recommended to adopt

polycrystalline silicon module.

3.3.1.5 Rated Power Selection of PV Module

The polycrystalline silicon modules are manufactured as multiple wattages, and range from

5Wp to 300Wp. Since the installation capacity of this project is 20MWp, the land occupation

area is wide and installation amount is high. So the module with larger power is adopted, in

order to reduce the land occupation and installation amount.

Here we take 175Wp, 255Wp and 290Wp models of one manufacture for example. The

comparison of three polycrystalline silicon module is as shown in below Table.

Table 3-3 Comparison of Different Polycrystalline Silicon Modules

Rated Power 175Wp 255Wp 290Wp

Module Efficiency [%] 14.5 15.4 14.9

Market Application little i highest higher

Number of Each String (pes) 26 ! 22 17 i~String of 1MWp System (string) 220 180 204

26


Rated Power 175Wp

5720

114400

20.02

255Wp

3960

78431

20

290Wp

3468

69360

20.11

Number of 1MWp System (pcs)

Number of 20MWp System (pcs)

Totally Installation Capacity(MWp)

From above table, it's evident that less quantity of 255Wp and 290Wp assemblies are

required as comparing to 175Wp module. It means that:

-the number of connecting points is less,

-the construction schedule is fast,

-the fault rate is reduced,

-the contact resistance is little,

-the usage amount of cables is less,

-and the integral loss of the system is relatively reduced.

The polycrystalline silicon modules produced by main manufacturers worldwide for large

grid-connected solar power plant, is usually 235Wp to 310Wp now. Because of the higher

efficiency and lower manufacturing cost, the 255Wp module is preferred and has captured

higher market share compositely.

By comprehensively considering module efficiency, market occupation rate, construction

work amount, manufacturer supply capability, etc. It's recommended to adopt the 255Wp

polycrystalline silicon module.

255Wp polycrystalline silicon module is 25-year transferrable power output warranty: 5

years/95%, 12 years/90%, 18 years/85%, 25 years/80%.

1O-year material and workmanship warranty.

Module certified to withstand extreme wind(2400 Pascal) and snow loads (5400

Pascal) .Compatibility to different inverter designs.

The appearance of 255Wp module is shown at below figure.

27

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSOCiety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Figure 3-1 the Appearance of a typical 255Wp Module

The I-V-P Curves and specifications of the 255Wp polycrystalline silicon module at STC are

shown as follows.

Figure 3-2 I-V-P Curves of the typical 255Wp polycrystalline PV module

: 0~;:-----'"--·-.--.i

7~'--800 W/fll

6 •<'.......-I:ell......::sU

5 6(lC \",1"'1

43 .00 W/m'

2 . ····~·_~H_._··~_.,,~· ·.·. . _

1 i :lefll fA' ,II

o -L-- __

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Voltage [V]

Table 3-4 Typical 255Wp Polycrystalline PV Module Specification

Item Description

Maximum rated power (Pmax) at STC 255Wp

Rated power tolerance ± 5W

Electrical Maximum operating voltage (Vmp)

characteristics Maximum operating current (Imp)

Open circuit voltage (Voc)

Short circuit current (Isc)

i 30.5VDC

8.37 A

37.9VDC

8.76A

28

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Temperature

Item Description

Maximum system voltaqe ; 1000VdcI

Conversion efficiency I 15.81%

Minimum efficiency at 200 W/m2 (25°, 95% or higher of STC

AM 1.5) efficiency

Power temperature coefficient Tc-Prn ,-0.42%JOC

characteristics I Current temperature coefficient Tc-Isc ~+0.06%JOC

Voltage temperature coefficient Tc-Voc I -0.32%fOC

Solar Cell

Cell dimensions (L x W)

Number of cells

Polycrystalline silicon

156 x 156mm

Mechanical

, Module dimensions (L )( W )( D) mm

. Module weight

60 (6 x1 0)

1636x986x35

18.5kgs

MC4

4.0 rnrn", (-) 1000mm

; and (+) 1000 mm

: characteristics Connector type

Cable length

Frame ! Anodized aluminum alloy

i IP6? rated (3 bypass

diodes)

-40°C - +85°C

Junction Box

Ambient

characteri sties

Operating temperature

Certification I TUV,UL

Performance warrants

: 5 years/95%,

12 years/90%,

18 years/85%,

25 years/80%

Tolerance of wind + snow

i withstand extreme wind

I (2400 Pascal) and snow

• loads (5400 Pascal)

29

'.:' ..!'1!ii;",I!ia. BENAZIRABAP SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT) LTD


3.3.2 Mountings

3.3.2.1 Classification of PV Module Mountings

When the solar power station is designed, the mounting of solar array has larger influence

on the received radiation amount. The mountings of solar array include fixed installation type

and automatic tracing types. The automatic tracing types include the single-axis tracing

system and the double-axis tracing system. The single-axis tracing (horizontal single-axis

tracing and inclined single-axis tracing) system traces the sun track from east to west at the

fixed inclining angle, and the double-axis tracing (full tracing) system changes the azimuth

and tilt angle along with the change of seasonal position of sun track.

3.3.2.2 Comparison of PV Module Mountings

For the automatic tracing type system, the inclining surface can furthest receive the sun

radiation amount. so as to increase the power generation amount. According to the primary

calculation, if the horizontal single-axis tracing type is adopted, the theoretical power

generation amount is improved by 15% to 20% (under the ideal condition that the tracing

system is free from shielding from sunrise to sunset). If the inclined single-axis tracing

method is adopted, the theoretical power generation amount is improved by 25% to 30%. If

the double-axis tracing method is adopted, the theoretical power generation amount is

improved by 30% to 35%. But the practical working efficiency of the system is smaller than

the theoretical value because of many reasons, such as mutual projection shade of the solar

modules, difficult synchronizing of tracing mountings, etc. The investment of the double-axis

tracing method is greatly higher than the single-axis system, and the land occupation area is

relatively higher.

According to the investigation data of this project. the crystalline silicon modules are

installed. If the horizontal single-axis tracing method is adopted, the practical power

generation amount is improved by about 15%. If the inclined single-axis tracing method is

adopted, the practical power generation amount is improved by about 20%. Under the

condition, the fixed installation type is used as standard, a typical 1MWp solar array adopts

the three Mountings, and the comparison results are as shown in below table.

30


Table 3-5 Comparison of Mountings

Fixed Horizontal Inclined Double-axisItems

Installation Single-Axis Single-axis Tracing

Increase of power100 115 120 125

generation (%)

Land occupation area2.4 3.2 4.8 . 5.0

(uniI:10,OOOm2)

Increase of direct100 111 114 122

investment (%) ., -- ... :

Rotary . RotaryRotary mechanism,

Running maintenance Quantity of work mechanism, and mechanism, andand high workload

high workload higher workload

Multi-pointPoint of support Multi-point support Multi-point support Multi-point support

support

Level the plate Level the plate Level the plateFixed windward

surface during high surface during high surface during higharea, and poor

I wind, and goodGale resistance capacity . wind, and good wind, and goodanti-wind

anti-wind anti-wind anti-windperformance

performance ' performance performance

From the data in the table, the fixed type and the automatic tracing type respectively are

different in that the fixed type has lower investment, the mounting system is basically free

from maintenance, and the land occupation area is relatively less, meanwhile, the automatic

tracing type has higher investment and requires certain maintenance.

The power generation amount is greatly improved in comparison with the fixed type with

optimum tilt angle, and the electricity cost of the station power station adopting the automatic

tracing type is reduced if the added cost of the post maintenance operation is not considered.

If the mountings manufacturing cost of the automatic tracing type is further reduced, the

advantage of increased power generation amount is more obvious. Meanwhile, if the array

synchronizing is well solved and the maintenance workload is reduced, the automatic

tracing type is more competitive than the fixed installation type.

And there is a problem must be considered, that is the tracing system always suffers from

mounting system fault, in this project, a simple and reliable mounting system is more

practical.

31

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3.3.2.3 Determination of Mounting

By comparing the fixed type and the automatic tracing type, the scale of the project is larger,

the fixed type has lower investment. the mounting system is basically free from maintenance,

and the land occupation area is relatively less; while, although the automatic tracing type

increases certain power generation amount, the primary investment is relatively higher, the

certain maintenance is required in the post running process, and the running cost is

relatively higher. In addition, the requirement on the electromechanical control and

mechanical transmission components is higher, the automatic tracing type lacks the

reliability verification of the practical application in the site area or the similar special climate

environment. the manufacturer of tracing system with reliable and stable matured

technology is relatively little. Therefore, it's recommended to adopt the fixed type Mounting.

Mounting system is applicable for the photovoltaic array system on the open fields. The

steadiness and safety of this system is compliable with the structural mechanics and

construction acts.

For different foundation solutions, such as concrete with pre-buried bolt, direct buried and

ground screw, the system can be modified to install. Material used include hot galvanized

steel and anodized aluminum alloy, with great anti-corrosive suitable for outdoor using.

As per practical requirements, the system is able to be planned and customized in the

factory to avoid welding and cut on the spot, saving time and cost.

For this project, we will adopt fixed type mounting, and it has following features.

• Easy Installation

Planning and machining in the factory to save time and cost.

• Steady and Safety

Design and check the structure according to the structural mechanics and construction

acts.

• Excellent Duration

For outdoor using, all the material selected with high class anti-corrosion protection.

• Great Flexibility32

,.;,~1~~'t~a~~L~


The ground array can be planned from kilo-watt to megawatt.

The appearance of a fixed type mounting is as below figure.

Figure 3-3 Appearance of Fixed Type Mounting

Below table is a typical fixed type mounting's specification.

Table 3-6 Parameter of Fixed Type Mountings

Item Detail

Install Site , Open Field

20 degree

up to 40m/s

i AS/NZS 1170 & 01N 1055 & Other

: Galvanized Steel

, NaturalI

I Galvanized

More than 25 years

Yes

Tilt Angle

Max Wind Speed

Standards

Main Material

Color

Anti-corrosive

Duration

Anti theft protection

33

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3.3.3 Inverters

3.3.3.1 Classification of Inverters

Inverter is an important part of PV solar power plant, it converts direct current input from PV

panels into alternative current output and send it to transformer. The inverters are classified

into two types, one is string inverter, and the other is central inverter.

3.3.3.2 Comparison of Inverters

String inverter's capacity covers from 1kW to 50kW, it's usually desiqned for outdoor and

protect degree is higher than IP45. String inverter normally adopts small body and easy to

installation and replacement. Because string inverter connects less PV strings, so the MPP

mismatch loss will be reduced.

Meanwhile, String inverters have some problems. First is reliability, because large capacity

string inverters have at least one fan in the cabinet, and it's much harder to maintenance the

fan than replace the whole inverter. Second is efficiency, string inverters integrated a boost

circuit and an inverter circuit, because there are two step conversions, so the efficiency will

be affected, Third is dispatching, because large capacity PV power plant need install

hundreds string inverters, it's hard to dispatch so many inverters. Last is harmonic and Low

Voltage Ride Through (LVRT), so many inverters will inject harmonic into the public, it needs

to be designed very carefully, and string inverters generally don't have the ability of LVRT

which is required in 11kV solar power plant.

Central inverter's capacity usually covers from 50kW to 630kW, and it's normally designed

for indoor use. Central inverter has more efficiency, and now some type's euro efficiency is

even up to 98.7%. Adopting central inverters in large PV power plant is much easier to

monitoring and dispatching due to fewer nodes. Central inverters have better output power

quality, fewer inverters lead to less harmonics, central inverters have ability of LVRT, it's

very important in MV/HV grid connection.

Central inverter also has some shortcoming. Central inverter usually has two MPP inputs,

but it connects to more than 50 strings, this will cause PV modules' MPP mismatch loss,

Central inverter is hard to repair, and routine maintenance would decrease power

generation significantly for a while because central inverter connects a lot of PV modules,

34


."._,---------------------------------3.3.3.3 Determination of Inverters

In this project, central inverter is better for the capacity of 20MWp. It has more reliability,

higher efficiency, more generation yield, lower cost and more widely used in large scale PV

power plant.

Usually 500kW inverter is a main stream product in large scale power plant inverter, but its

protection degree is usually IP2X, an additional inverter room is needed. Nowadays,

container inverter is more common because it can be set in the wild, less civil work is

needed. A container inverter is often one 10 feet or 20 feet container, and it contains two

500kW inverters. It connects to an outdoor 1000kVA double split transformer to boost up the

AC voltage with very short cables, so this solution's AC cable loss will decrease greatly.

A typical 1MW container inverter's appearance is as below.

Figure 3-4 1MW Container PV grid-connected inverter appearance

• I

The typical 1MW Container Inverter's technical specification can refer to below tables.

35

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVTl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Figure 3-5 Efficiency variation for various AC loads

System Load Rate (%)

Table 3-7 1MW Container Inverter Technical Specifications

Model 1MW Container PV Inverter

Parameters

Max. DC input power (KW) 1100Input

Max. DC input voltage (VDC) 1000

Max. DC input current (A) 2400

MPPT voltage (V) 500-850

MPPT efficiency 99.9%

Startup voltage(V) 520

Input strings terminal 16

Rated AC output power (KW) 1000Output

Maximum AC output current(A) 2040

Rated AC voltage (three phase) (V) 315

Output voltage range +/-10%

36

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYTl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Rated AC frequency (Hz) SO/60

Total harmonic distortion(THD) <3%

Power factor >0.99

Power factor adjustment range -0.9-+0.9

Standby consumption(W) <300

Nighttime consumption(W) <160

EfficiencMax. efficiency >98.6%

y EU efficiency >98.3%

OthersProtection grade IPS4

Isolation type No Transformer

Human-machine interface LCD touch screen

Environment temperature -2soC-+SSOC(>4SoC

derating)

Environment humidity 0-9S%, no condensation

Cooling Forced Air Cooling

Noise <6Sd8@five meters

Protection DC input over-voltagel

under-voltage protection,

over-temperature protection,

output over-voltage

protection, island failure

protection, insulation fault

protection

37

, ,~~1I" BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Reference dimension (Width x 3029x2438x2896

Depth x Height) (mm)

Reference weight 6.5T

Communication port RS485

3.4 PV Power Plant Design

3.4.1 Preliminary Outline of PV Power Plant

About 120 acres lands will be provided for this 20MWp PV power plant project. In our

proposal, 80 acres area is needed, and the plant includes PV arrays, Inverters,

Transformers, 11KV or 66KV Substation, comprehensive building, access road, fence and

gates.

PV arrays are divided into twenty 1MWp sub-array, and each sub-array's layout is similar.

1MW Inverter and Transformer will be installed on the north or south side of sub-array in

order to decrease the cable loss and shading loss. A preliminary outline scheme of this

project is as below.

38


Figure 3-6 Outline of PV Power Plant

Old Road

Solar PV Array

JLIf New Road

e(JJ

•Step-uptransformer

Inverter room

The 20MWp PV array is composed of twenty 1MWp PV sub-arrays, and each sub-array will

be constructed individually. Commission and power generating will benefit from this

implement strategy because the completed sub-array can be commissioned and start to

generating while other SUb-arrays are under construction. The PV sub-array layout can refer

to below figure.

39


Figure 3-7 1MWp PV generating sub-array layout

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91.73._1

3.4.2 PV Array Design

PV array is composed by PV strings, and one PV string is lots of PV modules in series. The

number of series is decided by many factors.

1. Maximum open-circuit voltage of PV strings (Vocmax)

The maximum open-circuit voltage is limited by two factors. One is lEG standard

requirement, the maximum absolutely voltage of PV array is less than 1000V. The

other is the local lowest ambient temperature, because lower temperature will increase

the open-circuit voltage of PV module.

40


2. Minimum Maximum Power Point (MPP) voltage of PV inverters (Vmppmin)

Minimum MPP voltage is decided by inverter's MPP input range, PV string's MPP

voltage will decrease when it is used in hot summer place like Pakistan, and the

temperature coefficient is an important factor to be considered in PV array design.

3. Maximum MPP voltage of PV inverters (Vmppmax)

Maximum MPP voltage is also decided by inverter's MPP input range. PV string's MPP

voltage will increase in winter, but it's not a key factor in countries like Pakistan.

The PV module's voltage temperature coefficient is -0.33%rC, open-circuit voltage at STC

is 37.4Vdc and MPP voltage at STC is 30.7Vdc. Referring to the metrological data in

previous section, we suppose the highest operating temperature of modules in summer is

70°C, the lowest operating temperature in winter is O°C, and normal operating temperature

in winter is 30°C. Under these conditions we can get the available module quantities in PV

strings, the result can refer to below table.

Table 3-8 PV module quantities in strings

Numbers in series Vocmax«1000V)

21 859Vdc 513Vdc

22 900Vdc 537Vdc

23 941Vdc 562Vdc

24 • 982Vdc ' 586Vdc

: 635Vdc

665Vdc

696Vdc

726Vdc

As the calculation result, 21-24pcs PV modules is available in the string design. For

convenient of installation, higher inverter efficiency and safety, we choose 22pcs modules to

constitute one string, and two strings will be installed on one mounting kit.

Figure 3-8 Vertical Layout of PV String

III III I~III II t Illll ~III III I141

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety. Stadium Road, Karachi. PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

The mounting type in this project is fixed tilt type, the fixed tilt system leads to a simple and

reliable installation. With optimized tilt angle, the maximum power yield can be guaranteed

for the whole year. In this project, we utilize simulation software PVsyst to calculate the

estimated yield of various tilt angles.

In this project. 2pcs PV modules will be installed vertically on one bracket. and the length is

about 3.3m Considering the lowest land occupied and lowest shading loss. the pitch

between PV rows is designed as Sm.

Figure 3-9 Tilt angle calculation of PVsyst

Shading limit angle: 2.1.3·Ground area occupation ratio: A(coll) I A(ground) = 0.55

o~~~~--~--~----~~~--~--~--~--~--~~'_~--_'--~o

16

2

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

, Sheds Parameters, Pitch 16.00 m

Coil. band width Va m

Top Inactive band Va m

Bottom inactive band ro:oo- m

:r Electrical effect Define IjI.. " .._ __ ._ __ .__._ _.__._ .

[[..::..~.:~~~;..?~~~~~~~~~::::11

1_ Shading Graph

Orientation parameters

Nb.ofsheds rlOO ...:J...:J

Shed tilt optimisation At Nawab Shah, Array orientation = o·l1Sd-r-_100....,..S_h..,edr-s.;_ • ....,C_Ol_I.,W_i<lt_h....=_l_;.3 ...m..:,_I"..;..3C.;_;t.;_ivT-e.;_tl4.;_"r-d_._;;0.,;..o_m.:...c:..;o:..."..:;.sta=nt..;..'i_m_;it,;.a~ng::;;le;,..=...;2:..;1.;:;.l_·...,..._...,,............,

__ - Pure transposition (one only plane)-- Irradiation I'lith mutual shadings (constant limitangle. 21.3')---- .... With electrical shading effect for Cell = 12.5 em and, 1 strings in width

j.§

1.10

Ti~ = 10'1:1\':1111:$%

'8

~ 1.05

~~

10 20Sheds plane titt

30

42


To reduce the shading loss from previous row and gain more yield, PV array should not be

shaded from 9:00 to 16:00 especially in 21st Dec. In this project, 20° angle and 6m pitch

need to be reviewed in simulation software. With the help of Google Sketchup, the shading

figures of 9:00 and 16:00 in 21st Dec of local array model are simulated as below.

Figure 3-10 Shading figure of 9:00 in 21st Dec

Figure 3-11 Shading figure of 16:00 in zr" Dec


From these figures, we can see that there is no shading from 9:00 to 16:00, which means

shading loss is effectively limited with less land occupy by above design.

3.4.3 Electrical Design

3.4.3.1 Overview

In this 20MWp PV power plant project, generating power will be injected into 11KV Jamrau

Head gird or looping 66KV IN-OUT circuit between Jamrau-Sanghar 66KV, and delivered

by HESCO in Sindh Province. Considering the scale of power plant and transmission

voltage, an 11KV/66KV One and Half breakers outgoing solution will be adopted.

The 20MWp solar power generation system will be divided into twenty 1MWp solar

subsystems. The voltage of each 1MW solar subsystem is stepped up to 11kV through a

0.315/11kV 1000kVA step-up transformer. Each ten solar subsystems are combined

together to form a ring with 11kV cables and connect to the 11kV Bus Bar in the substation.

A 7.5MVar Switched Shunt Capacitor will be set to improve the power factor as per the

guidance of NTDC Grid Code. Auxiliary power will be provided by 11kV busbar and another

400V external power. The delivery point is indentified as the outgoing point of 11KV or 66KV

outgoing line gantry. 11kV power distribution is arranged indoors in a single row manner.

The 11kV AC metal armor withdrawable high-voltage booster station cabinet is used and

both incoming and outgoing line are set with vacuum circuit breaker.

��4.3.2 Transformers

Oil-immersed transformer has the advantage of high voltage level, wide range using, the

disadvantage is oil leaking, and causing environment pollution.

For large transformers used in power distribution or electrical substations, the core and coils

of the transformer are immersed in oil which cools and insulates. Oil circulates through ducts

in the coil and around the coil and core assembly, moved by convection. The oil is cooled by

the outside of the tank in small ratings, and in larger ratings an air-cooled radiator is used.

Where a higher rating is required, or where the transformer is used in a building or

underground, oil pumps are used to circulate the oil and an oil-to-water heat exchanger may

also be used.

.. ":,'"~~~~~

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pYT) LIPAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

In this project, we use 0.315/11 kV oil-immersed transformer as each 1MWp array's step-up

transformer. A typical 11kV oil-immersed transformer's appearance is as below.

Figure 3-12 11kV oil-immersed transformer's appearance

Oil-immersed type transformer features low noise, low loss, rational structure, high quality

material, scientific design, strict production technology and advanced test method. It also

has following additional advantages:

1. High mechanic strength, great anti-short circuit capability, excellent anti-lightning

impulse capability and high reliability.

2. Excellent overload capability.

3. Low loss, energy-saving, economic and maintenance free.

4. Nice appearance, small size, less installation space occupation and low engineering

cost.

5. Each performance index and technical specification excels that specified in China GB,

internationallEC and industrial standards.

corrosion to the oil and prolong service lifetime of the transformer.

Hermetically sealed corrugated tank structure is adopted, thus to effectively prevent air

1l6.

BENAZIRABAO SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYT) LTOAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Table 3-9 Specification of 11kV 1MVA Transformer

Applicable standard &tolerances

Service areaGeneral data

Service condition

Insulating Oil

Rated power (kVA)

Rated Frequency (Hz)

Phases (0)

IEC 60076

Outdoor

Altitude: 1000m max. Above sea level

, Max. Ambient Temperature: 50°C

IIEC 60296

500,500 (1000)

50

3

HVwinding, 11000

(V) IlVwinding '315.315(V)

Rated voltage

Ratings

Tapping range of HV side

(%)

Tap changing method

Connection symbol

Cooling method

Insulation level

Temperature

Rise rC)

Top Oil

Winding

AverageCharacteristics

0, ±2.5, ±5

. Off Circuit Tap changer

: Oyn11 yn11

! ONAN

Bil 75 AC 28

55

No-load loss (W) 1500

load 10ss(W) 9000

Impedance Voltage (%) 5

Oil (Kg) 910Masses

Total (Kg)

Earthing terminal

Oil Filling Hole and Plug

Oil drain valveAccessories

lifting lugs

Oil level gauge

Rating plate

3797

46

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYIl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Dial type thermometer

Pressure Relief Valve

Pad Mounted Transformer

Hermetically Sealed Type

3.4.3.3 Switchgear Equipments

KYN28-12 metal-clad withdrawable switchgear is suitable for 3-phase AC 50Hz/7.2-12kV

single busbar and single busbar section system. Apply to distribute electricity power and

implement system control, protection, supervision monitoring. The switchgear complies with

the standards IEC298, GB3906. The operating condition is as below:

• Ambient temperature: -10- +40

• Altitude: 1000m (max).

• Relative humidity: daily average less than 95%, monthly less than 90%.

• Shock of earthquake: less than 8 magnitudes.

• This product should not be used under conditions of fire, explosion, earthquake and

chemical corrosion environments.

Characteristic of 11 kV switchgear equipment:

• Metal-clad and partition completely, effectively pre-vent faults spreading.

• The low voltage section is completely separated from the high voltage sections.

• Enclosure protection degree is IP4X, protect against electric shock and ingress of solid

foreign bodies.

• Simple but effective interlocking prevents maloperation.

• Space is provided for multiple cable connections. Installation and maintenance is

convenient.

• Withdrawable part of the same design are mutually interchangeable, exchange of VCB

is very simple.


-"'-~'---------------------------------Figure 3-13 Appearance of 11kV switchgear

•-r

1iHl

r •

'IJ

Table 3-10 Specification of breakers

No_ Type and main parameters

Vacuum Circuit Breaker 12kV, 1250A, 31.5kA

Remarks

Outgoing line

2 Vacuum Circuit Breaker 12kV, 1250A, 31.5kA i Incoming line

3 Vacuum Circuit Breaker 12kV, 1250A, 31.5kA I Shunt Capa~i~~~_. _

4 Vacuum Circuit Breaker 12kV,1250A, 31_5kA 1 Auxiliary power

3.4.3.4 Protection Equipments

The relay electrical independent contact is applied to the outlets of the protection devices

Relay protection and automatic safety devices should be reliable, selectable, flexible and

speedy.

48


Table 3-11 Relay Protection Devices

Protection Devices

Feeder Protection Relay

2

3

Zero-sequence over current

Multiplex-voltage over current

Low voltage/Over voltage protection

Overload4

Line Protection Relay

Line Differential

2

3

4

5

Directional Zero-sequence over current



Overload

SVC Protection Relay

Zero-sequence over current

2

3

4


Over voltage protection

Loss of voltage protection

Station Transformer Protection Relay

HV side Zero-sequence over current

2

3

4

5

6

7

LV side Zero-sequence over current

HV side Multiplex-voltage over current

Transformer overload

Transformer temperature alarm

Transformer temperature trip


Fault Recording Automatic Protection

A set of systematic microcomputer fault recording device is configured for the PV electric

field to record 11kV/66kV bus voltage, line current and switching value of protective action in

order to simplify the motion analysis of faults and protection devices.

Microcomputer Maloperation-preventive Locking Device

··f·.·._

,i~~J . :.~.~a~~~~" BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

A set of microcomputer maloperation-preventive locking device is configured for the

monitoring system, with functions such as preventing maloperation of Disconnector, closing

Disconnecting link on load, hanging ground bar with electricity, transmitting power through

ground wire, intrusion into electrified spacings, and device self-checking,

The main board capacity is configured according to the main electrical connection remotely

and the device quantity is configured according to the main electrical connection locally. The

"five-prevention host machine" is equipped with serial communication interfaces, which

accept the circuit breaker, Disconnecting link, earth switch contacts and realize

"five-prevention" locking of the circuit breaker, Disconnecting link and earth switch of the

monitoring system.

The "five-prevention" unit is equipped with intelligent operation order expert system. The

"five-prevention" host machine can examine, print and transmit operation order as well as

execute "five-prevention" compulsive locking. The remote operation of circuit breaker,

electric Disconnector and electric earth switch is locked from the monitoring system by the

communication interfaces. The circuit breaker is locked by the electric coding lock. Manual

Disconnector, earth switch, temporary earth wire and net door are locked by the mechanical

coding lock. The mechanical coding lock is added to the local control box (mechanical box)

of circuit breaker, electric Disconnector and electric earth switch.

Relaying Protection Information Management Sub-station

To satisfy the requirements of NTDC relaying protection dispatching information net, the

photovoltaic power plant has been supplied with one set of relaying protection information

management sub-station, which can realize both-way communication with the relaying

protection device by collecting all kinds of protection information to transmit to the

dispatching terminal and receiving orders from the dispatching terminal to give orders of

protection fall-in, constant value modification etc. This system transmits relevant information

about relaying protection to HESCO in Sindh via the dispatching data net. The relaying

protection information management sub-station communicates with each protection device

within the station by the RS485 communication interface, accessing to power dispatching

data net through Ethernet interface and uploading data to dispatching center according to

IEC60870-5 protocol.

Power Quality Monitoring System

50


."'0;0" .• , _

To meet the requirements of Voltage fluctuation and flicker of power quality; the photovoltaic

power plant shall be supplied with power quality monitoring equipment to in real-time

monitor whether or not the power quality index of photovoltaic electric field can meet the

requirements; if not, a power quality management equipment shall be installed in the

photovoltaic electric field to assure qualified power quality.

The basic monitoring value includes: frequency, voltage/current effective value, total power,

reactive power and power factor. The basic monitoring index includes: grid frequency,

voltage/current effective value, total active/reactive/power factor, three-phase fundamental

voltage/current effective value, fundamental voltage/current phase, fundamental

power/power factor, voltage deviation, three-phase voltage unbalance, three-phase current

unbalance, harmonic wave of three-phase current (3 - 25 times), including total harmonic

distortion of voltage and current, harmonic ratio, amplitude, phase, active power and

reactive power of each harmonic wave, etc .. The senior monitoring index includes: simple

harmonic wave voltage fluctuation, flicker, swells, sag, short-term interruption, temporary

overvoltage and transient overvoltage. Other functions include: parameter setting, record

storing, online statistics, event trigger recording and GPS time setting.

This project is installed with a set of power quality monitoring unit to meet the relevant

requirements of Voltage fluctuation and flicker of power quality.

3.4.3.5 Metering system

The electrical measurement system of power station is set according to the requirements of

the design technical specifications for electrical measurement and power metering device,

and all the electrical measurements shall be included in the computer monitoring system. No

regular electrical measurement instrument will be set in the central control room; however,

some necessary measurement instruments will be installed on the switchgear.

Non-electrical measurement signals will also be included in the computer monitoring system

to realize online monitoring.

The metering gateway of this project is set at the11 kV or 66KV outgoing ousbar, whichever

is applicable. And a check point is set at the current side equipped with two intelligent

multi-functional watt-hour meters which are grade 0.2s for active and grade 2 for reactive.

According to The Design Specifications for Electrical Measurement Instruments and

Devices of Electrical Installation and The Technical Management Regulations for Power1fc 51

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pYT) LTOAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Metering Device, the secondary side of the voltage transformer of buses at all levels shall be

set with special power metering circuit, of which the wire section shall assure that the

secondary voltage drop of each watt-hour meters end shall not be larger than 0.2%Ue, and

a special voltage metering device shall be installed. Thus, the design volume of the 132kV

outgoing line current transformer is grade 0.2s, and measurement grade 0.5. The design

volume of voltage transformer is grade 0.2, measurement grade 0.5 and protection grade

3P.

3.4.3.6 Telecommunication equipment

Design Basis:

1) IEC-Recommended Documents by International Electrical Commission;

2) ITU- T-Telecommunication Standard of International Telecommunications Union

Each 1MWp power generating unit is installed with information collectors at each combiner

box, which is serially connected to the monitoring unit of inverter room by controlling cable.

All the monitoring units of each inverter room are accessed by optical fiber module with

optical port in the form of bus to the photovoltaic power station monitoring system at the

central control room, which can monitor the operating date of each combiner box and

inverter.

The switch stations of photovoltaic power plant are designed based on the principle of

"no-man on duty" (less-men on duty).

According to the principle of substation accessing system for power system, the main

communication mode of the accessing system of photovoltaic power plant 11kV substation

is optical fiber communication, and standby communication local call.

The main communication channel between the photovoltaic power plant 11 kV substation

and HESCO's Substation is optical fiber communication, with the optical fiber

communication equipment adopting SOH transmitting system. The optical cables are

planned to use underground method to bury. Speech channel and data information can be

accessed to local dispatching site by this channel. And communication frequency will be set

synchronized with HESCO.

52

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13. Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi. PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

The communication equipment of photovoltaic power generating projects uses special DC

uninterruptible power, which is supplied by a set of rectifying charging device with storage

battery floating charge. The central control room is installed with a set of special

high-frequency switch power for communication, with a volume of 48V/100A.

The communication equipment of this project uses special DC uninterruptible power, which

is introduced from the DC control power system inside the power station.

3.4.3.7 Control and data acquisition system

Control and data acquisition system (SCADA) of the solar power station takes

microcomputer protection and computer supervisory system as the main body,

supplemented with other intelligent devices. The solar power station is equipped with a set

of computer monitoring system, which has the telecontrol function and will realize the

monitoring, control and regulation of the power station in accordance with the requirements

of dispatch and operation. The real-time date and information collected by the station will be

sent to the superior dispatch center after data processing.

Figure 3-14 Comprehensive monitoring diagram

Table 3-12 Monitoring parameters

Device type Monitoring parameters

DC junction PV array output DC voltage, PV array output DC current, PVarray

box output DC power, each line input total power, total generating

capacity, junction box output current, output voltage, junction box

power output, current monitoring tolerance alarm, cable short circuit

fault alarm, air switch state, the fault information, etc.

53

.~

:"""":~''''~~':,'

d:=l?L


Device type Monitoring parameters

DC voltage, DC current, DC power, AC voltage, AC current, an

inverter temperature, clock, frequency, power factor, current power,

the power per day, accumulative total generating capacity, total CO2

emission reduction, grid over-voltage, grid low-voltage, grid high

frequency, grid low frequency, DC over-voltage, DC low voltage,

inverter overheating, inverter overload, inverter short circuit, radiator

overheat ,inverter Island fault, Communication fault, etc.

High voltage protection action Signal, protective devices fault

signal ,transformer heavy gas tripping, over temperature trip,

transformer oil high temperature alarm Signal, pressure release

tripping Signal, low voltage power supply control signal, the circuit

breaker fault trip Signal, the oil temperature of the transformer, fuse

signal, load switching signal, load switch tripping signal, a grounding

knife position, etc.

Environment Wind speed, wind direction, sun radiation, environment temperature,

detector solar module temperature, etc.

Inverter

Step up

transformer

Video system Video signal, control signal, operating instruction, etc.

Entrance Lock status, on and off time, the number, card number, etc.guard

In addition, the monitoring device can be stored once every five minutes, power plant

operation data stored in more than 25 years of continuous operation of data and fault

records.

The SCADA system of the power substation includes computer supervisory system, relay

protection and automatic system as well as dispatching automatic system. The main

functional characteristics of each system are as follows:

3.4.3.7.1 Computer Supervisory System

The Content of Computer Supervisory System

The integrated monitoring system is adopted for the collection, display and transmission of

data by the solar power station. The system, based on intelligent electrical equipments, with

serial communication bus (field bus) as its communication carrier, makes a real-time web

with solar battery module, combiner box, grid-connected inverter, online intelligent detection

and monitoring devices of electrical system and auxiliary system. Collect general electric

S4

BENAZIRABAP SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

,." ...•".",----------------------------------data of the above system to monitor through the flow of information data within the web.

Based on the collected data to analyze and process in order to set up a real-time database

and historical database and achieve operation optimization, control and specialized

management of the power station such as report production, target management, constant

value analysis and management, equipment failure prediction and detection, and equipment

maintenance.

The Structure of Computer Supervisory System

The computer supervisory system is an open layering distributed structure which is divided

into such 3 layers as station level, network level and bay level. The station level functions as

the center of supervision, measurement, control and management and connects with bay

level by optical cables and STP. The bay levels are disposed respectively in the

corresponding switch cubicle based on different types of the electrical equipments. The bay

levels can achieve the tasks of supervision of the bay level equipments and control of

breakers independently as the station level and network fail to work. The computer

supervisory system communicates with the scheduling center via telecontrol workstation.

The station level equipments consist of host operator workstation, telecontrol workstation,

network switch, communication management unit, printer, and GPS clock. The network level

equipments consist of network devices and protocol conversion interface. The bay level

equipments consist of collecting and processing unit for the whole-distributed intelligent

combiner box data, supervision unit for grid-connected inverter, collecting device of

environmental parameters and the secondary equipments regarding protection,

measurement and calculation serving the primary equipments.

Main functions of Computer Supervisory System

i. Data collection and processing

ii. Security detection and man-machine interface

iii. Operation outfit control, switch-on-off operation of breaker and HESCOnnecter

and station service control.

iv. Data communication

v. Self-diagnosis of system

55

.~i+· :',:~a~~L~


vi. The system software is characterized of fine modifiability which can be updated

by regulating and altering the functions of the software.

vii. Auto report and printing

viii. Clock system

Two industrial personal computers are selected as the controlling equipment of the station

level, one of which is main engine and another is the operator workstation configured with a

printer and a set of language alarm device.

3.4.3.7.2 Monitoring of Solar Generation Equipments and Inverter

1. Solar power generation equipments include solar array, DC combiner box,

grid-connected inverter and DC cabinet.

2. No specialized supervision and protection is arranged for solar battery module. The

combiner box measures and collects the real-time data of solar module. The combiner

box shares a set of monitoring system with inverters with its signal gathered via inverter

monitoring system. Inverter monitoring system is in charge of the analysis and

processing of signals and the fault diagnosis and alert for the battery packs,

Operational data and the results are transmitted directly via traffic control level for the

operators to carry out remote supervision and control.

3. The functions of solar battery module and monitoring system of inverter configuration

are as follows:

i. The computer supervisory system monitors and manages the solar battery

module clusters and inverters and displays such parameters as its operation, fault

types, real-time power, and electrical energy accumulation on LCD. Soft grid

connection of electric system with solar battery module and inverters are

controlled by the computer. Operators can supervise and control the solar battery

modules and inverters with keyboard and have man-machine conversation via

keyboard, LCD and printer.

ii. On-site monitoring device is installed for the solar battery modules and inverters,

which can be used for the computer monitor in the centralized control room.

Protection and detection devices of the solar battery modules and inverters are

1~ 56

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMc-pyn LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

configured by the inverter manufacturer On temperature protection, overload

protection, grid fault protection, sensor fault signal, etc. Protection device turns to

inverter circuit breaker and emit signals after being active.

iii. Remote monitor system for the solar battery module and inverters is operated in

the central control room and only the operators with permission can carry out the

operation since the computers in the central control room are limited by access

right. The displayed contents include: DC voltage, DC current, DC power, AV

voltage, AC current, AC power, inner temperature of inverters, clock, frequency,

power factors, present generated output, daily generating capacity, total

generating capacity, and graphs of daily generated output. The operating status

of all inverters is monitored, the faults are reported by sound-light alarm and the

fault causes and time can be checked.

iv. Line protection switch, ampere meter and voltmeter are equipped in the AC

cabinet. On-off state and signals of current & voltage are transmitted directly to

the station level and then monitored by the operators serving at the PV power

station.

3.4.3.7.3 Monitoring of Substation

The power station is equipped with twenty box-type transformers and 11kV substation

rooms. The transformer of the substation is equipped with load switch and high-voltage

pull-out fuse on its high-voltage side and automatic air switch on its low-voltage side. 11kV

switch cubicle is single bus configuration. Incoming and outgoing side is equipped with

whole-set indoor vacuum breaker. The above mentioned load switch, automatic air switch,

breaker, zero-load pressure-regulating tap can be controlled locally and supervised centrally

via computer supervisory system with the actuating signals sent to the central control room.

3.4.4 Lightning Protection and Grounding Design

3.4.4.1 Lightning Protection Design

The risk of causing damage due to lightning is assessed in accordance with IEC 62305-2

(EN 62305-2), the results will be considered in the design. For solar power protection goal is

to protect the plants from the plant and photovoltaicarrays fire (direct lightning)d1~;


and protection of electrical and electronic systems (inverter, remote diagnosis system, the

generator trunk) against lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) effects.

i. DC side lightning protection:

The DC side lightning protection is realized by properly grounding of the PV

module frames and the string inverters.

ii. AC side lightning protection:

AC side lightning protection will be installed at AC distribution box

iii. Low-voltage distribution Lightning:

In order avoid over-voltage to damage (ow devices, it is necessary to installed

lightning protection at low distribution devices (overvoltage category III according

to DIN VDE 0110-1:1997-04); C-Ievel overvoltage protection device, according to

the EDIN VDE 0675--6:1989-11, --6/A1 1996 - 03 and -6/A2 :1996-10 standard}.

iv. Low-voltage SPD features:

a) Conjunction with the front-class arresters used

b) High speed current discharge

c) Electrical and thermo sensitive components control isolation device

d) Window displays a red flag to reflect the failure

e) Versatile Link Terminal

v. Building and MV Equipment Lightning Protection

For buildings in plant, according to the relevant provisions of Building Lightning

Protection, use the reinforced of ferroconcrete to grounding or set Lightning

protection zone on the roof.

Zinc oxide surge arrester shall be installed at MV-sidelneutral-point of main

transformer in order to prevent over voltage on the electrical equipment.

58

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER {SMC-PVTl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

3.4.4.2 Grounding Design

Grounding and connection of neutral lines are as following:

1. Work grounding - in the normal or accident conditions, in order to ensure reliable

operation of electrical equipment must be a point in the power system grounding. This

including the grounding of inverter, main transformer, PT's and CT's neutral points.

2. Grounding for system protection - to prevent insulation damage caused by electric

shock, and to protect human body from electric shock. This including the grounding of

equipment frames and supports, racks, grounding of the lightning rods, etc.

3. Screening grounding. This grounding is for EMC purpose.

4. System neutral connection. The 400V AC system utilize direct grounding (or bolted

grounding) method. 11kV is grounded by grounding resistor or reactor.

5. PV plant Lightning Protection main grounding network design

Adopted ring grounding way (horizontal grounding electrode) and vertical earthing

electrode system, the network size is designed by local situation. Each metal bracket

will be connected to the grounding system by grounding flat steel. Through mesh

grounding system, Equipotential surface is achieved, which can significantly reduce

the over voltage occurred of cables between PV system and plant building on lightning.

6. Selection 50x5 galvanized flat for outdoor horizontal main grounding grid ,vertical

grounding electrodes using 050, length 2500mm, wall thickness 3.5mm galvanized

steel pipe. Site vertical grounding quantity according to the scene.

7. Vertical grounding electrodes top from the ground about 0.7m, the vertical grounding

electrodes spacing is not less than 5m to prevent mutual shielding; horizontal

grounding electrodes buried depth -0.8m.

8. All PV module array connect the main grounding grid by 40x4 galvanized flat steel.

Outdoor grounding grid from the exterior wall of the building is not less than 1.5m, and

try to avoid pipe trench.

9. All of the grounding grid edge should be made circular angle.

59


3.4.5 Automatic Fire Alarm System

The power station is installed with a set of automatic fire alarm system using centralized

alarm method, including fire detector, manual alarm button, firefighting communication,

linkage control and central fire alarm controller etc. The detecting bus uses two-line bus: fire

detector and linkage control uses the same line of bus; central fire alarm controller can show

the fire alarm area and detected area to execute linkage control.

This project will not set special firefighting control rooms according to operating duty

allocation condition. The firefighting control center is set at the central control room. The

central control room also has the function of firefighting control room, and the operator on

duty also takes charge of the responsibilities of a firefighter.

The whole station is installed with a set of fire alarm system. Major control room, relaying

protection room, battery storage room, 11kV distribution unit room, station service room is

equipped with fire alarm detecting devices. The fire alarm system is connected to

uninterruptible power.

3.4.6 Video Security Monitoring System

The video monitoring equipments include network video server and cameras. And

Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd strongly recommends the working cooperation

with the door status and the shelter light. When the door opens, the door status cause the

light on, and then, the camera will focus on the situation in around the door to take the video

record. If the door open intrusion is not authorized, the siren will alarm and the video data

will be transmitted to the center as a proof.

These type devices can be supervised by switch via the IP communication protocol

translation port. As the system require, we configuration 10 IR bullet camera, and 5 IR dome

cameras. Below figure is video monitoring diagram.

60

;ri_h.a~~~" BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVTl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety. Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Figure 3-15 Video monitoring diagram

r----------------------------~

Perimeter

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

... ' Ift Dome I~.I Camera II

SUrveillance Spol. I

Surveillance Platform

Console Server

S.,;tdl ."-"

Perimeter IL- :--~----:

,.----_TT1.___m: _Switch

- -~

~ DomeCamera

.

DomeCamera

Survelltance spot. Surveillance Spots

-----------------------------

3.4.7 Weather Protection of Major Equipments

The province of Sindh is situated in a subtropical region; it is hot in the summer and cold in

winter. Temperatures frequently rise above 46°C between May and August, and the

minimum average temperature of 2°C occurs during December and January. The annual

rainfall averages about 7 inches, falling mainly during July and August. The southwesterly

monsoon wind begins to blow in mid-February and continues until the end of September,

whereas the cool northerly wind blows during the winter months from October to January.

And the identified sites are mostly in dusty situation, so great attentions must be paid to dust

protection.

Major of 20MWp PV power plant equipments are designed for this weather condition, the

main specification is as below

Table 3-13 Environment Specification of Major Equipments

Environment Specification

PV Modules

Operating Module Temperature

Operating Humidity

Junction Box Protection Grade

; -40 °C to +85 °C

: 0-95%RHI

.IP67

61

,:,r;wll..,•• ~,~. _I _ ••• : ~;~t

BENAZIRABAP SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Environment Specification

Wind Loads 3800 Pascal

Snow Loads 5400 Pascal

Harsh Environments Test ! salt mist and ammonia corrosion testing:I

i IEC 61701, DIN 50916:19~5:2

PV Inverters

Ambient TemperatureI •

I -25°C-+55°C(>45°C derating)II

Operating Humidity · 0-95%, no condensation

Protection Grade IP54

Altitude 2000m. -------------

Step-up Transformer

Ambient Temperature Up to 50°C

Altitude 1000m

Cooling method ONAN......... _- ._. ~._ ....

Switchgear

Ambient Temperature • Up to 50°C

Altitude · 2000m

Protection Grade i IP4X i

i .. -_ .._-_._-- .. !

Because PV power plants usually built in dusty environment, it's very important to clean the

PV module and inverters. In O&M period, an inspecting team will be formed up to check the

soiling of PV modules and make sure soiling loss is as little as possible. And the filter of

container inverter will be regularly changed. All the cables will be set in the pipe or buried

under soil in order to protect them from UV and rodents.

3.4.8 Sewage Drainage System

Sewage of the 20MWp PV power plant mainly comes from complex building. In the

southwest side of the complex building, one set of sewage treatment facility will be set up for

the treatment of domestic sewage of whole power plant.

Sewage from complex building drains through sewage collection network into check wells,

and flows to the sewage treatment facility near the complex building.

62

BENAZIRABAP SOLAR POWER (SMC-pyn LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

After the treatment of the treatment facility, the water quality meets the requirement of

wastewater discharge standard, and then it will be reused to pouring of green land around

the power plant.

3.5 Interconnection Study

The interconnection study is currently being carried out in detail by relevant consultants

engaged by the main sponsor. It will be provided in due course of time after approval from

NTDC.

63

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC.pVTl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

4 Simulation Result

4.1 Solar Irradiation and Average Temperature

The solar irradiation and temperature data of local site are shown in below tables.

Table 4-1 Monthly Solar Irradiation

Monthly Average Solar Irradiation(kWh/mz)

e Source Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Meternorm 121.9 131.5 180.0 187.6 209.5 207.9 193.5 180.6 176.9 158.4 128.5 114.1 1990.3

Table 4-2 Monthly Average Temperature

Monthly Average Temperature(OC)

Source Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Meternorm 15.18 19.04 25.29 30.14 35.06 34.85 33.66 32.32 31.24 28.27 21.94 lB.71 27.01

From above tables, we can see that the solar resource is very rich in Sindh province, but hot

weather will limit the efficiency of power plant.

4.2 Simulation Result

A number of software, with varying degrees of accuracies, is used for the simulation of the

solar power plant. PVsyst is a PC software package for the study, sizing and data analysis of

complete solar module systems. It provides analysis of tilt, azimuth and the technology to be

used, it's popular worldwide. Calculated by PVsyst, the annual production for different data

is shown below. The basic information of 20MWp PV power plant is in below table.

Table 4-3 Information of 20MWp PV Power Plant

1. Location Sindh, Pakistan

Operating Voltage 500 - 850 V

2. System Type

3. Inverter

Grid Connected

64

BENAZIRABAP SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Unit Nominal Power 1MWAC

Number of inverters 20

Total Power 20MWAC

Technology Poly-Crystalline Silicone

Unit Power Nominal 255Wp

Number of modules per string 224.PVarray

Number of strings 3600

Total Number of Modules 78431

Nominal (STC) 20MWp

According to Meteonorm solar irradiation and other data, the annual production of first year

is 34142MWh, with a performance ratio of 78.0% (1691kWh/kWp !Year).

Figure 4-1 Normalized Productions

Normalized productions (per Installed kWp): Nominal power 20196 kWp

Br---'---~--;---:----r---r---r---'---,---.--:----,

•

Lc : Collection L~SS(PV-array losses) 1.09 kWlVkWpldayLs : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.22 kWM<Wplday

7 Vf: Produced useful energy (Inverter C>Utpul) 4.63 kWlVkWplday

65


Figure 4-2 Performance Ratio

Performance Ratio PR

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jui Aug Sop Oct Nov Dec

4.3 Power Plant Factor

The simulated annual utility time is 1691 hours including considering of 98% availability and

0.6% power consumption rate, so the first year's power plant factor is about 19.49%, and 25

years' average power plant factor is 17.72%.

4.4 Analysis of Solar Source

4.4.1 MonthIy Report

Base on solar irradiation data of Meteonorm, simulation calculating through PVSYST 6.39,

the annual production of first year of 20MWp PV power plant in Identified site is 34142MWh,

with a performance ratio of 78.0% (1691 kWh/kWpNear). The calculating result of each

month in first year is as following figure.

66


..,,, ..•_,-------------------------Figure 4-3 Monthly yield of 20MWp Power Plant

3500 -r-

~IMonthly Yield

s:s: 2500:2:::c~ 2000III...IV

~ 1500c:1...~ 1000o

D..

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec.__ _-_ .._ _ .._.- _ .._._ .._._---------_._----_._-----_._--------

From above-mentioned figures, the monthly production is various, because of solar

irradiation, temp., etc. The production of Mar, Apr, May, is higher, and that of Jul, Aug is

lower due to hot weather. The daily production also varies in each month, some days higher,

and some days lower. Thus, the generated electricity of 20MWp PV power plant is

dynamically changing.

67

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-pVn LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

4.4.2 Loss Coefficient

Below figure is 20MWp loss diagram of first year.

Figure 4-4 Loss Diagram of 20MWp PV Power Plant

1990 kWhlm'

I,.'

Horizontal global Irradiation+9.0% Globallnc:ldenlln coil. plane

. ·1.98% Near Shadings: irradiance loss

::·2.66% lAM factor on global

. :' ·3.00% Soiling loss factor

2007 kWhlm' • 127757 m' coil. Effective Irradlance on collector.

efficiency at STC = 15.86% PV conversion

40676 MWh\'--, -0.33%

i,1,.- -010%

I' .

I .·1.00%

:"'" -0.71%35730 MWh

1..

:-1.42%\."000%\ . -\"" 0.00%\.... 0.00%

""0.00%35225 MWh

I1-151%

'\l' " -0.55%

'-1.05%

34142 MWh

Array nominal energy (at STC efflc.)PV loss due to irradiance level

·10.25% PV loss due to temperature

Module quality lossModule array mismatch lossOhmic wiring lossArray virtual energy at MPP

Inllerter Loss during operation (effiCiency)Inllerter Loss aver nominal inv. poIIIIef

Inverter Loss due to power thresholdInverter Loss aver nominal inll. IIOItageInllerter Loss due to \101 tage thresholdAvailable Energy at Inverter Output

System unallailabilityAC ohmic lossExternal !ranslo loss

Energy injected into grid

Several uncertainties exist in the calculation of annual energy yield of the PV solar station.

Uncertainties and their deviation values taken into account in the analysis are based on our

teams experience with previous solar projects as well as industry experts. These are

uncertainties due to i) irradiance, ii) conversion to inclined surface, iii) soiling, iv) spectral

uncertainty, v) albedo, vi) reflection, vii) deviation from module specifications, viii) inverter

and transformer losses, ix) mismatch, x) ohmic losses, and xi) shading losses.

\1~68

<~._.,~. BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

In accordance with solar module efficiency, DC junction and inverter efficiency, AC on-grid

efficiency, the total efficiency of solar power generation project is determined. Where:

1. Solar module efficiency is the loss of solar array excluding energy conversion, and

includes the matching loss of modules, surface dust blocking loss, available solar

Irradiation loss, temperature influence loss, etc.

2. The efficiency of solar module varies with the working temperature. When their

temperature rises, the module efficiency tends to decrease. Considering that the

monthly temperature and local annual average temperature is 27.01C, the temperature

coefficient of polycrystalline solar module at peak power is -0.42%/K, so the power loss

coefficient caused by working temperature of each month can be obtained. Based on

above description and calculation, the loss caused by module working temperature is

considered to be 8-11 %.

3. DC junction and inverter conversion efficiency mainly consider LV line loss and inverter

efficiency.

4. AC on-grid efficiency refers to the transmission efficiency of inverter output to HV grid

including the efficiency of boosting transformer and AC line efficiency.

5. Solar module pollution due to dust or accumulated snow can reduce the module

efficiency. According to statistics, the efficiency loss in the dusty place is about 3-6%.

In the site where this project is located, regular manual washing is considered and the

loss coefficient is 3%.

Table 4-4 The Loss Diagram of solar power plant

Items Percentage Remarks

Solar module

Irradiation loss in morning and night.I; 0.3-1%,I

The low Irradiation in morning and night, inverter cannot

startup

Efficiency loss caused by difference of module electricalPerformance difference of modules 1-2%

characteristics, connected to same inverter

Module working temperature lossHigh temperature will make the efficiency of PV module

. 8-11%decrease.

69


Inverter and DC side

Loss of inverter and DC connection 2.5% The European efficiency of inverter is 98.3%.

Step-up transformer and AC side

AC and Step-up transformer loss 1.5% Evaluation based on length .load and capacity

Other potential losses

Dust coverage loss of module 3%-6% Supposed PV module get regular cleaning

4.4.3 Uncertainty of simulation

The result of simulation can reflect the general annual energy yield, but there are many

uncertain factors to affect the yield.

1. Meteorology

Because the meteorological data from Meteonorm is a synthesized data, the specific

year's data may have deviation due to special meteorological phenomena. So the

specific year's yield may have a little deviation.

2. Soiling loss

The simulated yield is calculated by the specific condition, like regularly cleaning of PV

modules. But if the cleaning was suspended by some reasons or the special weather

make the PV module get soiled, and the soiling loss may get larger than what we

supposed.

3. Downtime due to PV plant error

Although the equipment in the PV plant get reliability more than 99.9%, the PV plant

still will get down due to equipment failure. In the period of equipment maintenance, the

yield will be affected.

4. Downtime due to grid failure

uncertain.

Because grid failure can't be forecasted, so the yield loss due to grid failure is

1~5. Force majeure

70


Force majeure such as earthquake, flood, hurricane, war and other majeure can affect

the PV plant operating, so it's difficult to estimate the impact on the yield.

4.5 25 Years Generated Calculation

4.5.1 Derating Curve of Module

Power degradation of solar modules is the annual depreciation of the capacity of solar

module to produce electricity. This is usually spread over and calculated on average for the

life time of the project which is typically 25 years.

The solar module has derating coefficient during using period. The derating curve is shown

in below figure.

Figure 4-5 Derating curve of module

..-_._--------------_ ... _-.._._----.-._-_._----_._------

1 6 11 16 21

Module output percent

90.0%

80.0% '

70.0%

60.0%

.----.----~-~----..-.. , -.,~----.------------------_ --

4.5.2 25 Years Simulation Calculation

The annual average generating capacity Qt=((l1t-1 +l1t)/( I1t-2+l1t-1))* Qt-1

Qt: the annual average generating capacity

tyear. t=0,1 ,2 .. N

I1t-1: t-1 year module efficiency

I1t-2: t-2 year module efficiency

71


Ilt: t year module efficiency

Qyt-1: t-1 year generating capacity

According to above formula, the annual simulation calculation and PR during 25 years

calculated as shown in below table.

Table 4-5 Simulation Generation and PR of 20MWp during 25 years

Year Simulation Generation (MWh) Performance Ratio

1st 34,142.0 78.0%

2nd 33,509.4 76,6%

3rd 33,284.1 76,0%

4th 33,058.8 75.5%

s" 32,833.5 75.0%

s" 32,608.2 74.5%

7'h 32,382.9 74.0%

8th 32,157.6 73.5%

9th 31,932.3 73.0%

ro" 31,707.0 72.4%

11th 31,481.7 71.9%

12'h 31,256.4 71.4%

13th 31,031.1 70.9%

14th 30,805.8 70.4%

is" 30,580.5 69.9%

is" 30,355.2 69.3%

17th 30,129.9 68.8%

rs" 29,904.6 68.3%

rs" 29,679.3 67.8%

zo" 29,454.0 67.3%

21st 29,228.7 66.8%

22nd 29,003.4 66.3%

23rd 28,778.1 65.7%

i~24th 28,552.8 65.2%

72

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC·pVTl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel:92-21-34833590 Fax:92-21-34833590

Total

28,327.5

776,184.6

64.7%

For 20MWp PV solar power plant, the simulation generated electricity of first year is

34142MWh, the accumulated generated electricity in 25 years is 776184MWh, and the

annual average generated electricity is 31047MWh. The PR is 78.0% at first year, and

decreased to 64.7% at zs" years.

73

BENAZIRABAO SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVT) LTOAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

.""~"---------------------------------5 O&M Proposal

5.1 Plant O&M organization and responsibility

5.1.1 Plant O&M organization

Table 5-1 Plant O&M Organization

No Job Title Fixed number of staff Part time

1 Staff Engineer 1 p

2 Electrical Engineer 1 p

3 Administrative staff 1p----

1 person part time attendance,

consumption of statisticians, and5 Operator 2p warehouse keeper; 1 person part time life

logistics purchasing, financial management

and file manager..... , ...

6 Security 3p..._-

5.2 Preparation of Solar Product Inspection and

Mai ntenance

5.2.1 Personnel

Inspection personnel should be trained and get certificate.

Inspection team should be build-up of 2 to 3 person.

5.2.2 Tools

spanner, Rust brush, hammer, generator, electric welder.

74

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC·pVT) LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Figure 5-1 Tools

Spanner Rust brush

wrench monkey wrench

hammer electric welder

generator steel brush

5.2.3 Instrument preparation

Instrument: Theodolite, Grounding resistance test instrument, Rebound test instrument,

level gauge, etc.

75


Figure 5-2 Testing Instrument

-,theodolite

Rebound test instrument

5.2.4 Labor protection products

Glove, overall, safety belt, helmet, etc

Figure 5-3 Products of Labor Protected

GroundinQ resistance test instrument

level gauge

Glove overall safety belt helmet

5.3 Solar product inspection and maintenance details

5.3.1 PV array and cable connection inspection

5.3.1.1 PV array inspection

• Check whether the PV arrays are damaged. Change them in time if there are any

damage.

76

,;;.,

as?2i~))BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYT) LTD

Add: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel:92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

Figure 5-4 PV Array Damage

• Check whether there are any fragmentation or looseness of the PV array.

• Check and clean the leaves, straw and other covers which may shelter from the

sunshy.

• Check whether there are any smear or birds' excrement, and clean them.

• Check PV panel in windy, snow, and frozen weather, clean the PV panel in time in

to avoid it from snow and ice.

• Check whether PV array are damaged by human or animal.

5.3.1.2 PV Array Cleaning Methods

5.3.1.2.1 Time Selection

PV panel cleaning should be in early morning, evening, night or in rainy days. To prevent

artificial shadow making power lOSSor components burned of PV array, cleaning operation

must be carried out in sun dim period. Because of precipitation in rainy weather, cleaning

process is relatively efficient and thorough.

77


5.3.1.2.2 PV Array Panels Routine Cleaning Steps

• Whisk. Clean the floating dust and leaves on the PV surface with a dry duster or

cloth. If there are no attachments on the PV surface, the following step can be

ignored.

Figure 5-5 Dust Whisking

• Scratch. If there is any rigid foreign body on the PV panel, such as dirt, bird

dropping and plant branches, medium-hardness scraper, not high-hardness

scraper, should be used to clean the PV panel to prevent destruction of the PV

surface. The surface where there is no rigid foreign body should not be scraped.

Figure 5-6 Scrape dirt

• Wash. If there are any residues of staining substances such as bird droppings,

plant juices on the PV surface, or the air is very humid, dust cannot be wiped, we

need to get rid of them by washing. Generally if water can make the PC panel

clean, then just use water to clean them. When using water, pay attention to the

circuit connection point to avoid electrical short circuit. Considering solar sites are

usually build far away in remote areas, sprinkling can should be used to save water.

After spraying water to pollutants on the PV panel, wipe it with the scouring pad or

cloth. In case of oily substances, use mixed detergent or soap and water to clean

the stained region, after pollutants penetrating the oil, wipe it with the scouring pad1~7S

';,1,

C:3::::1?L

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PVTl LTDAdd: House 176, Street 13. Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

5.3.1.3

or cloth. If it still cannot be removed, then use a small amount of alcohol, gasoline

and other non-alkaline organic solvent to wipe, and then use the mixed detergent

or soap and water solution to wash away the residual oil solvents.

Figure 5-7 Pollutant Cleaning

Junction Box Electrical Connection Inspection

• Check the PV board cable is well connected, without damage, shedding, if that

happens, cover it with insulating tape to protect the loose wire, reconnect the cable

or change to PV panel.

• Check the connector and solar controller input cable of the junction box is well

connected, without fever phenomenon; if there is any the burning phenomenon,

replace the junction box.

Figure 5-8 Junction Box Check

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMc-pyn LTPAdd: House 176, Street 13, Defence Officers' HousingSociety, Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

5_3.2 PV Array Structure Inspection and Maintenance

5.3.2.1 Concrete Footing Checking

• Check whether the solar concrete footing and the encapsulation is off, loose or

cracking. If that happens, let people from civil work department do reinforcement

and preservatives work.

• Check whether the concrete footing is obvious sinking ,rooting, or sliding;

• Check whether the soil around solar foundation is collapse or protruding.

• Check whether there is any stagnant water around the solar foundation.

• Treatment: Ask civil engineering departments to construct a drainage ditch or

construct concrete floor.

• Check whether there are any loosing or missing screws of the solar structure.

• Treatment: If there are any loosing screws, tighten it with a spanner. If there are

any missing screws, find new ones to tighten the PV structure.

5.3.2.2 PV Structure Check

5.3.2.2.1 The Main Structure Inspection and Progress Methods:

• Check whether the main components of the structure are deformation or rust. If

they are, change the rust components or do the rust treatment.

80


Figure 5-9 Structure Rust

• Check whether the PV weld connection of the structure is cracking. If it is, replace

it with new component.

5.3.2.3 Bolt Inspection and Progress Methods

• Check whether there are any bolts or nuts missing, install new ones as the original

size and make them tighten.

• Check whether the bolts and nuts are rust, use the same size bolts replace them if

they are.

• Check whether the bolts are loosening.

Figure 5-10 Bolts Loose

Treatment: Check sampling 20 bolts on the top, middle and bottom part of the structure. If

any of them are loose, fasten them with torque wrench to make sure they meet the design

1't 81

requirements.

"'1!!'~.,,:,~ BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMC-PYT) LTD

Add: House 176. Street 13. Defence Officers' HousingSociety. Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

~ Note: The torque wrench using methods. Set the torque value, and then bolt.The "click" will sound when the actual bolt torque value reaches the set value.

Bolt torque requirements: MI2 bolt 40N.M (4.8 level), M16-120N • M, the M20-150N •

M, M24-375N· M (6.8 level).

5.3.2.3.1 Structure Paint Inspection and Maintenance

Solar PV structure paint can protect from rust in a certain degree, painting cycle of solar

structure is three years. If there is any paint off, blistering, cracking, and mechanical damage,

process it in time,

Treatment: Remove the problem paint parts, clean and paint again.

5.3.2.3.2 Cable Tray and Its Suppot1lnspection Maintenance

The main alignment mode is buried. The tray should be solid in cable tray mode sites,

Checking contents:

• Check whether the cable tray is solid or bending;

·w • Check whether the tray support is solid, tilt or sink;

Treatment: If loose, make it fastened tight. If bending, tilting or sinking, rectify it in time.

Note: If there are no cable trays, check the PVC pipe buried.

5.3.2.4 Grounding System Check

• Check whether the lightning ground network is destroyed; if the lightning ground

system is destroyed, then notify the civil engineering department to rectify it in

time;

• Check whether the resistance of the grounding system is qualified;

82


Method: Test the grounding resistance with Ground Resistance Tester, test value should be

less than the standard value (prevail to specific projects requirements, typically 4 ohms); if

test value is greater than the required standard value, analyze the reasons and notify civil

engineering department to correct it to ensure that the grounding resistance value meet the

required standard.

5.3.3 Inverter Maintenance Management

5.3.3.1 Inverter Operation

1. Be strictly install the inverter equipments in accordance with the maintenance manual

of the inverter device connection requirements and installation. During installation, you

should carefully check, the required wire meets ; whether two components and

terminals in transit loose; whether the insulation should be insulated at good; whether

the system grounding are compliance.

2. Be strictly Using in accordance with the inverter operation and maintenance manual,

keep the start or close the inverter correctly especially in the pre-boot ; pay attention

when operating switch in the correct order, the header and LED indication is normal.

3. The inverters generally integrate the open circuit, overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating

automatic protection, So when this is occurred, without manual shutdown; Automatic

Protection points are generally set at the factory, no need to adjust by human.

4. High-voltage inverter cabinet, the operator generally not open the door, the door should

be locked in peacetime.

5. In the indoor temperature exceeds 30 degrees, the heat cooling measures should be

taken to prevent equipment failure, extend equipment life.

Each inverter manufacturer will have specific requirements for inspection, testing,

services, and documentation to meet its warranty obligations. Typical requirements

for inverter inspections include:

• Record and validate all voltages and production values from the humanmaci?:.

83


interface (HMI) display.

• Record last logged system error.

• Clean filters.

• Clean the inside of the cabinet.

• Test fans for proper operation.

• Check fuses.

• • Check torque on terminations .

• Check gasket seal.

• Confirm warning labels are in place.

• Look for discoloration from excessive heat buildup.

• Check integrity of lightning arrestors.

• Check continuity of system ground and equipment grounding.

• Check mechanical connection of the inverter to the wall or ground.

• Check internal disconnect operation.

• Verify that current software is installed.

• Contact installer and/or manufacturer about any issues found.

• Document findings for all work performed.

5.3.3.2 Inverter Maintenance and Repair

1. Regularly check each part of the inverter connection is solid, without loosening, in

particular, should carefully check the fans, power modules, input and output terminals

and grounding.

BENAZIRABAD SOLAR POWER (SMc-pyn LTDAdd: House 176. Street 13. Defence Officers' HousingSociety. Stadium Road. Karachi. PakistanTel: 92-21-34833590 Fax: 92-21-34833590

2. Once the equipments shut down with warnings. do not restart immediately. you should

investigate the reason and repair before restart. check the inverter should be strictly in

accordance with the requirements of maintenance manual steps.

3. Operator must go through specialized training. and should be able to judge the general

failure to achieve the causes and can be ruled out, such as the wire can be trained to

replace the contents, components. and damage to the circuit board, untrained

personnel, the job may not use the device operation.

4. Cause of the accident is unclear, should make a detailed record of accidents, and

promptly notify the production of sales outlets to be solved.

5.3.4 Transformer operation

Use the following procedures for transformer shutdown:

• For inverters connected to the transformer, turn the on/off switch to off.

• Turn the ac disconnect off for the inverters connected to the tranformer.

• Turn the dc disconnect off for the inverters connected to the transformer.

• Install lockout devices on the disconnects.

• Turn off the transformer switch, which is either a dedicated stand-alone

switch or is located in the switchgear.

• Install a lockout device on the transformer switch.

• Repeat for all transformers to completely isolate them from the switchgear.

5.3.5 SCADA Inspection and Maintenance

Monitoring and Control system(SCADA)manufacturers will have specific requirements

forinspections, testing. service, and documentation to meet their warrantyobligations.

Typical maintenance or startup requirements for SCADA include:

• Taking voltage readings of power supplies,

85


• Validating current transducer readings by comparing to calibrated equipment, and

Validating sensor reading by comparing to calibrated equipment.

To confirm proper functionality of the SCADA, the values measured by the SCADA must

be verified against values from devices with traceable calibration records. Comparing the

irradiance, temperature, and power measurements recorded by the SCADA to values

obtained from calibrated instruments will help identify sensor calibration issues that could

result in the SCADA data being incorrect.

The PV industry as a whole is getting better at SCADA installation and documentation,

but it is still typical for SCADA plans to be omitted or insufficiently detailed. As a result of

such an omission, plan checkers often do not check for errors in the SCADA design and

inspectors have nothing to compare the as-built with for compliance. If the SCADA will be

tied into the building information technology system, O&M personnel should be aware that

building networking upgrades or routine maintenance can cause connectivity issues .

•

86

ANNEXG

TECHNICAL & ANNUAL RETURN STATEMENTS

Project Technical, Financial and Other Information

1) Location and Land Detail

The main sponsor had got the LOI from the Government of Sindh on 2nd April, 2015 andapproximately 120 acres land in Shaheed Benazirabad will be allocated by theDepartment of Energy, Government of Sindh to the special purpose vehicles for 20MWpProject. The co-ordinates for the project are as below.

Latitude: 26.440556 NLongtitude: 68.847778 E

2) Technology and Plant Details

a) General Information

1 Name of License Benazirabad Solar Power (SMC-PVT.) Ltd2 Registered Office House 176 Street 13 National Stadium Colony

--Defence Officers Housing Society Karachi Sindh

3 Plant Location Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan_ .. - _._ ...

4 Type of Generation Solar Photovoltaic (PV)Facility

b) Solar Power Generation Technology and Capacity

1 Type of Technology Poly-Crystalline Photovoltaic (PV) Cell2 System Type Grid Connected

1-----3 Installed Capacity 20MWp

- - ---_ -------------

c) Technical Details of Equipment

,---

Solar Modules1 Type of Module Poly-crystalline Silicon2 Type of Cell 6 inch Silicon Solar Cell3 Dimension of each Module 1636 x 986 x 35 mm [64.41 x 38.82 x 1.38 in]---_-4 Module Surface Area 1636mm*986mm=1.6131 m2

5 Number of Panels 78431pcs6 Total Module Area 89 Acres7 Total Land Area Used 120 Acres8 Panel's Frame Aluminum alloy--

J>~9 Weight of each Module 18.5kg~--

\l \ fl"

Not Exceeding 0.7% per annum of initial power10 Module Output Warranty output (except first year), 10 Years not less than

90%, 25 Years not less than 80%_.

Number of Solar Cells in6011

each Module12 Efficiency of Module 15.50%13 Maximum Power (Pmax) 255W14 Voltage at Pmax (Vmp) 30.3V15 Current at Pmax (Imp) 8.27A16 Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 37.7V17 Short Circuit Current (Isc) 8.69A18 Maximum System Voltage 1000VPV Array1 Number of Sub-array 202 Modules in String 223 Total Number of Strings 3600-_.4 Modules in Sub-array 3960.__ ..

5 Total Number of Modules 78431PV Capacity1 Total 20MWpPV Inverter1 Capacity of each Unit 500kW2 Inverter Module ZXDT50 S5013 Manufacturer ZTE-4

Input Operating Voltage500Vdc- 850Vdc (MPPT Range)

Range..._-5 Number of Inverters 40

- .

6 Total Power 20MW7 Efficiency 98.6% Europe Efficiency8 Max Input DC Voltage 1000Vdc9 Max Input DC Current 1120Adc10 MPPT Range 500Vdc- 850Vdc_ .._--11 Output Voltage Range 252Vac-362Vac_.12 Rated Output Voltage 315Vac13 Rated Frequency 50Hz/60Hz14 Power Factor >0.99 @ full Load

15Operating Temperature

-30'C-55'CRange

f--

16 Relative Humidity 0%-95%17 Operating Elevation Max 6000m, derating when higher than 3000m18 Warranty 5 years19 Grid Operating Protection Overvoltage Protection, Anti-islanding Protection. ,.-- -

DC Junction Box .,.1>-c;p, r

1 Number of Junction Box 320

2 Input Circuits in each Box 16A*16

Maximum Input Current3 16A

for each Circuit

4 Maximum Input Voltage 1000V

5 Protection Grade IP65

6 Over current Protection Fuse/MCCB

7 Output Switch MCCB

8 Surge Protection Yes

Data Collection System1 Weather Data Pyranometer, Thermomoeter.

1) DC input Voltage & Current of each

Inverter/Junction Box

2) Total DC power generated by PV array

3) AC output Voltage & CUrrent of each2 System Data Inverter/Junction Box

4) AC output power and energy of each Inverter

5) Frequency

6) Power Factor

7) Temperature inside inverter station

MV Step-up Transformer1 Rating 1000kVA

2 Type of Transformer Oil-immersed 0.315kV/11kV Transformer-

3 Input Voltage 0.315kVac

4 Output Voltage 11kVac

5 Efficiency 99%

Outdoor Cubicle Control Room1 Data Record Continuous logging with data logging software

2 Control Room Computerized data acquisition system

Control Room SystemInterface hardware & software, industrial type PC

3 and server, which will be robust & rugged suitableDetail

to operate in the control room environment

Mounting Structure

1 StructureSupport structure is formed by vertical purlins and

horizontal steel beam

2 Tilt of Array Frame 23°-PV module size is 1636 x 986 x 35 mm. Support is

3 Array Specification put in two rows, 2*11 PV modules. 3640 supports

are needed

Foundation Pillars/Piling1 Number of Foundations 28800

2 Foundation Structure Reinforced concrete pile or Spiral steel piles'-

3) Fuel: Type, Imported/Indigenous, Supplier, Logistics,

Pipeline etc.

Since the project is a solar power plant, no fuel is involved.

4) Emission Values

This project will conform to the environmental protection laws, regulations and standard of

Pakistan and World Bank/lFC standards of environmental protection.

Since the project is a solar power plant, no emissions are involved.

5) Cooling Water Source: Tube Wells, Sea/River/Canal,• Distance from Source etc

Since the project is a solar power plant, no cooling water are involved.

6) Interconnection with National Grid Company, Distance &

Name of nearest Grid, Voltage Level (Single Line Diagram)

An interconnection study for the project has been conducted by Power Planners

International Ltd. The report is investigating the grid connection scheme for the project

and it is expected that the project will connect to the HESCO grid at the nearest possiblepoint.

7) Infrastructure: Roads, Rail, Staff Colony, Amenities

The site lies 46km east of Nawabshah. Sea freight may be shipped to Karachi harbor and

be transported to Nawabshah via highway, then be transported to the site by trucks.

8) Project Cost, Sources and amounts of Equity and Debt

a) Project Cost

The total project cost is expected in the range of USD 23,600,000 with Engineering,

Procurement & Construction Cost of USD 27 million. The cost is budgetary nature at this

stage and will be finalized upon final receipt of EPC proposal. The breakup of the Project

Cost is summarized as follows:

USD

1 Total EPC Cost 23,600,000

2 Other Costs (Development, Non-EPC, Insurance, Financing) 3,102,680

3 Interest during Construction 217,200

Total Project Cost 27,000,000-

b) Financial Plan:

The total project cost of approximately USD 27,000,000.00 is to be financed with acombination of debt and equity. Based on initial discussions with the financial institutions,the company is likely to finance the project on the basis of a Debt: Equity ratio of 75:25.The debt amount is expected to be in foreign currency with interest payable quarterly onthe basis of 3-Month prevailing KIBOR plus 300 basis points. The term of the loan isexpected to be 10 years plus construction period. Principal repayment and interestpayment is expected to be on the basis of 40 quarterly installments starting fromscheduled commercial operations. All equity injection required for the Project will bearranged by the Main Sponsor. A summary of the financial plan is provided below:

USD million1 Total Equity (25%) 6,750,0002 Total Debt (75%) 20,250,000

Total Financing 27,000,000

9) Project Schedule with Milestones

Activity/Milestone TimelineSubmission of Gird Study May 2016Approval of Gird Study June 2016Approval of Generation License June 2016Approval of Upfront Tariff June 2016Signing of EPAIIA October 2016Financial Close December 2016Project COD January 2018

'---

10)ESSA (Environmental and Social Soundness Assessment)

The energy sector of Pakistan is relying heavily on imported fuels for generation ofelectricity. The development of solar power generation projects could reduce dependenceon fuels for thermal power generation and increase diversity in Pakistan's electricitygeneration mix thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The operationalenvironmental impacts of solar power generation are almost zero and largely consist ofthe minor impact that the O&M practices introduce. Whilst there is an impact to theenvironment through the siting of a solar project, there is in no way the same level of

impact that results from the construction of a conventional thermal plant. The emissions toland, water or air are almost insignificant and use of solar power, in comparison of a plantthat emits pollutants, Pakistan can reduce its CO2 production levels, closer to agreedemission levels and contribute to the global effort to reduce CO2.

An Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) has been conducted for the Benazirabad SolarProject by Ecochange Pvt. Ltd. The lEE demonstrates that such solar projects will havenumber of positive impacts and negligible negative impacts to the existing environment.

11)Sociallmpact

This 20MWp PV power plant project will create employment opportunities for the localpeople. Even indirect job opportunities will be created outside the project boundary. Theproject would improve the basic infrastructure and the people of nearby villages can alsouse these amenities. Main Sponsor will give priority to the skilled, un-skilled labor of thenearby villages. Overall, it is expected that there will be marginal impacts on thesocio-economic conditions of the locality and the impact will be mostly positive.

12)Safety Plans, Emergency Plans

a) Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Protection

The Company will be committed to ensuring the highest standard when it comes to thehealth and safety of people and protection of the environment. This shall apply to alllocations of the office space as well as the construction site. Commitment will remain inplace to continuously improve HSE at the workplace, and contractors will be required tofollow such an example by adopting the Company's policy or developing their ownequivalent.

b) Health, Safety & Environment Policy

The Company is committed to comply with all applicable HSE legislation. Every person inthe scope of the Project will be obliged to comply with all legal requirements as well as allHSE policy. Any person who fails to comply with these requirements will be denied accessto the project site. Emergency procedures will be regularly communicated and exercisedwith all employees, contractors/subcontractors and any other stakeholder in the project'spermanent and temporary workspaces.

c) Environment

The company will actively encourage our employees and contractors/subcontractors tocontribute to waste reduction. In the permanent workspaces, a predefined set ofmeasures to reduce consumption of electricity, water and paper will be put in place.Employees and contractors/subcontractors shall ensure proper waste disposal and allemployees and contractors/subcontractors shall be required to demonstrate a high levelof care when handling solar modules, inverters and cables to minimize waste frombreakage. Hazardous materials shall be identified before they enter the site and the

proper disposal of any hazardous waste will be monitored and ensured.

13)System studies: Load Flow, Short Circuit, Stability,

Reliability

Load flow, short circuit, stability and reliability study for the project has been conducted byPower Planners International Ltd. The report is investigating the grid connection schemefor the project and it is expected that the project will connect to the HESCO grid at thenearest possible point.

14)Plant Characteristics: Generation Voltage, Frequency,

Power Factor, Automatic Generation Control, Ramping Rate,

Time(s) Required to Synchronize to Grid

Please refer to Plant Technical Details in Section 2 above.

15)Control, Metering, Instrumentation and Protection

Please refer to Plant Technical Details in Section 2 above.

16)Training and Development

• Training is part of the scope of works to be conducted under the EPC contractor. The EPCContractor shall also carry out the training of the Employer's Personnel in the operationand maintenance of the Complex.

Report No. PPI-192.11l6

INTERCONNECTION STUDY

For

20 MW Solar Power ProjectBy

ZTE Power (Pvt.) Limited.}~,""

.a-"

(May 2016)

POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL LTD.

UK Office:Registered in England & Wales No. 6363482

Pakistan Office:64-F-1, Wapda Town,Lahore 54770, PakistanPhone: +92-42-35182835;Fax: + 92-42-35183166

3-Sylvester Road,Sudbury Town, Middlesex,HAO 3AQ, UKPhone & Fax:+44-(0)208-9223219

Email: [email protected]

Executive Summary.:. The study objective, approach and methodology have been described and the

plant's data received from the client M/s ZTE Power (Pvt.) Limited is validated .

•:. The expected COD of the project is January 2018. Therefore the month of June

2018 has been selected to carry out the study as it will allow the maximum impact

of the project to be judged .

•:. The net output will be 16 MW after deducting the losses inside the solar park such

as inverter loss, cables loss etc .

•:. The HESCO system data as available with PPJ for other studies have been used .

•:. The nearest substation of HESCO is Jamrau Head 66/ II kV. The following

scheme of interconnection of Solar Power Plant by ZTE Power to evacuate its

maximum AC power of 16 MW is envisaged and studied in detail:

• Scenario - 1: Three direct 11 kV circuits each of 6 krn length using Osprey

conductor to be laid from the switching station of ZTE Solar-PP till Jamrau

Head 66111 kV substation.

• In this context three 11 kV breaker/line bays need to be added in the 11 kV

switchgear hall of Jamrau Head 66111 kV Substation

• Scenario - II: The scheme of interconnection has been developed by

looping ZTE Solar in-out of the single 66 kV circuit between Jamrau Head

and Sanghar and studied in detail to evacuate the maximum AC power of

16MW .

•:. Detailed load flow studies have been carried out for the peak load conditions of

June 2018 for the proposed scheme under normal and N-1 contingency conditions

to meet the reliability criteria .

•:. Steady state analysis by load flow reveals that proposed scheme is adequate to

evacuate the maximum AC output power of 16 MW of the plant under normal and

contingency conditions with the proposed reinforcements .

•:. It is also revealed that the interconnection of ZTE solar power plant at Jamrau

Head has helped to boost the voltage and resolved the issue of voltage sag under

some outages in the network feeding into this area .

•:. The short circuit analysis has been carried out to calculate maximum fault levels

at the ZTE Solar Power Plant at 11 kV, and the substations of66/1lkV and 132/11

~• •• •,.,,:,(,POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 2 OF 30

kV in its vicinity. We find that the fault currents for the proposed scheme are

much less than the rated short circuit capacities of switchgear installed at these

substations. There are no violations of exceeding the rating of the equipment due

to contribution of fault current from the ZTE Solar Power Plant.

The maximum short circuit level of 11 kV bus bar of ZTE Solar Power Plant II

kV for Scenario - I is 3.77 kA and 0.0005 kA for 3-phase and l-phase faults

respectively and for Scenario - II is 1.25 kA and 1.47 kA for 3-phase and l-phase

faults respectively. Therefore an industry standard switchgear of the short circuit

rating of 12.5 kA is considered adequate with enough margin for future increase in

fault levels due to future reinforcements in this area .

•:. The dynamic stability analysis of proposed scheme of interconnection has been

carried out. The stability check for the worst case of three phase fault right on the

11 kV bus bar of the ZTE solar power plant substation followed by the final trip of

II kV circuits emanating from this substation, has been performed for fault

clearing of 9 cycles (180 111S) as understood to be the maximum fault clearing time

of 11 kV protection system. The system is found strong enough to stay stable and

recovered with fast damping. The proposed scheme successfully passed the

dynamic stability checks for system disturbances .

•:. The proposed scheme of interconnection has no technical constraints or problems,

it fulfills all the criteria of reliability and stability under steady state load flow,

contingency load flows, short circuit currents and dynamic/transient conditions;

and is therefore recommended to be adopted.

{fj••• •,.,':';'POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 3 OF 30

Report Contents

1. Introduction

1. I. Background

1.2. Objectives

1.3. Planning Criteria

2. Assumptions of Data

2.1 Solar Power Plant Data

2.2 Network Data

3. Study Approach & Methodology

3.1 Understanding of the Problem

3.2 Approach to the Problem

4. Development of Scheme of Interconnection

4.1 The Existing Network

4.2 The Scheme of Interconnection of Solar Power Plant

4.3 Proposed additions at 11 kV in Jamrau Head 66111 kV substation

5. Detailed Load Flow Studies

5.1. Base Case 2018, Without Solar Power Plant

5.2. Peak Load Flow Case with ZIE Solar Power Plant

5.3. Conclusion of Load Flow Analysis

6. Short Circuit Analysis

6. I Methodology and Assumptions

6.2 Fault current calculations without ZTE Solar Power Plant

6.3 Fault current calculations with Solar Power Plant interconnected

6.4 Conclusion of short circuit analysis

7. Transient Stability Analysis

7.1 Assumptions & Methodology

7.1.1 Stability Models

7.1.2 System Conditions

7.1.3 Presentation of Results

7.1.4 Worst Fault Cases

7.2 Transient stability simulation results - Scenario - I

{f;• •• •I"~ POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 4 OF 30

7.3 Scenario - II

7.4 Conclusion of Dynamic Stability Analysis

8. Conclusions

Appendices

Appendix -A: Generation & Transmission Plan

Appendix -B: Sketches & SLDs for Chapter 4

Appendix -C: Plotted Results of Load Flow for Chapter 5

Appendix -D: Results of Short Circuit Calculations for Chapter 6

Appendix -E: Plotted Results of Stability Analysis for Chapter 7

Appendix -F: Dynamic Data for Stability

(fj• •• •,.,~ POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAJ~ PAGE 5 OF 30

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

The site of proposed project is near Jamrau Head close to Sanghar in Sindh

located in the concession area of Hyderabad Electricity Supply Company

(HESCO). The installed capacity of the plant is 20 MWp and the net output after

deduction of losses in the solar park is about 16 MW of electrical power which

will start commercial operation by January 2018. The electricity generated from

this project would be supplied locally to the Jamrau Head 66/11 kV Grid and to

the HESCO network through Jamrau Head 66111 kV grid located in the vicinity of

this project.

1.2 Objectives

The overall objective of the Study is to evolve an interconnection scheme between

ZTE Solar Power Project and HESCO network, for stable and reliable evacuation

of 16 MW of electrical power generated from this plant, fulfilling N-1 reliability

criteria. The speci fie objectives are:

I. To develop scheme of interconnections at II kV for which right of

way (ROW) and space at the terminal substations would be available.

11. To determine the performance of interconnection scheme during steady

state conditions of system, normal and N-I contingency, through load-

flow analysis.

in. To check if the contribution of fault current from this new plant

increases the fault levels at the adjoining substations at II kV, 66 kV

and 132 kV voltage levels to be within the rating of equipment of these

substations, and also determine the short circuit ratings of the proposed

equipment of the substation at the ZTE Solar Power Plant.

IV. To check if the interconnection withstands dynamic stability criteria of

post fault recovery with good damping after 3-phase faults on the

system.

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1.3 Planning CriteriaThe planning criteria as per Grid Code required to be fulfilled by the proposed

interconnection is as follows:

Steady State:

Voltage ± 5 %, Normal Operating Condition

± 10 %, Contingency Conditions

50 Hz, Continuous, ± I% variation steady state

49.2 - 50.5 Hz, Short Time

0.80 Lagging; 0.9 Leading (for conventional

synchronous generators but would not be

applicable to solar PP)

Frequency

Power Factor

DynamiclTransient:

• The system should revert back to normal condition after dying out of

transients without losing synchronism with good damping. For 11 kV the total

maximum fault clearing time from the instant of initiation of fault current to

the complete interruption of current, including the relay time and breaker

interruption time to isolate the faulted element, is equal to 180 ms (9 cycles).

• For the systems of 132 kV and above the total normal fault clearing time from

the instant of initiation of fault current to the complete interruption of current,

including the relay time and breaker interruption time to isolate the faulted

element, is equal to 100 ms (5 cycles).

• For the systems of 132 kV and above, in case of failure of primary protection

(stuck breaker case), the total fault clearing time from the instant of initiation

of fault current to the complete interruption of current to isolate the faulted

element, including the primary protection plus the backup protection to

operate and isolate the fault, is equal to 180 111S (9 cycles).

{fj• •••,.,':';POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 7 OF 30

2. Assumptions of DataThe detailed electrical parameters would be designed at the EPC stage. However for

the purposes of this study, following assumptions have been made:

2.1 Solar Power Plant data

The Solar Power plant has been modeled according to the following block diagram

IRRAD rro~ PnlM oOOle COnY'tltu ModelPVEU andPVGU

Rest ofSystem

;:;.

i

I- .. t>Imd(n

...Voltage

"'PSSlE-+

'------' ~,~

WT4..pdc(n

....

The way this works is that the irradiance profile from the sun is used as an input to the

panel module which then calculates the DC power at that value of the irradiance. This

value is then input to the electrical model of the solar power plant (inverter module)

which then goes on to calculate the AC power supplied by the solar power plant.

Due to the presence of the inverter module, from the point of view of the network, the

solar power plant is considered a voltage source convertor.

Dynamic Data:

Converter time constant for IQcmd seconds = 0.02 s

Converter time constant for IQcmd seconds = 0.02 s

Voltage sensor for LV ACR time constants = 0.02 s

Voltage sensor time constant = 1.1 s

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2.2 Network data

The 11 kY, 66 kY and 132 kY networks available for interconnection to ZTE Solar

Power Plant arc shown in sketches in Appendix-B.

The PEPCO/HESCO system data of National Grid have been assumed in the study as

already available with PPI.

{fj• •.-,.,,!; POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 9 OF 30

3. Study Approach and Methodology

3.1 Understanding of the Problem

The 16 MW (AC) Solar Power Plant by ZTE Solar is going to be a Photovoltaic (PV)

based solar project embedded in the 11 kV distribution network of Jamrau Head. It

would run almost all the months of the year though with some variation in its output

due to variation in the strength of light in winter and in rainy season.

The existing nearest grid station available for interconnection is Jamrau Head 66/11

kV Substation. The addition of this source of power generation embedded in local

distribution network of this area shall provide relief to Jamrau Head 66111 kV

substation feeding the local network and also helps 11 kV network in terms of

improving line losses and voltage profile. The 11 kV network surrounding Jamrau

Head has significant load demand, therefore most of the power from the ZTE Solar

Power Plant will be utilized locally in meeting this load demand.

The adequacy of HESCO network of 66kV and 132 kV in and around the proposed

site of ZTE Solar Plant would be investigated in this study for absorbing and

transmitting this power fulfilling the reliability criteria.

3.2 Approach to the problem

The consultant has applied the following approaches to the problem:

• A base case network model has been prepared for June 2018, whieh is the next

peak load case after the installation of solar plant by ZTE Power Ltd. The case

comprises of all 500kV, 220kV, 132 kV and 66 kV system, envisaging the

load forecast, the generation additions and transmission expansions for that

year particularly in HESCO.

• The project is expected to be completed by January 2018. Therefore the month

of June 2018 has been selected to carry out the study as it will allow the

maximum impact of the project to be judged.

• Interconnection scheme without any physical constraints, like right of way or

availability of space in the terminal substations, have been identified.

• Performed technical system studies for peak load conditions to confirm

technical feasibility of the interconnections. The scheme has been subjected to

(fj• •• •,.,r: POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 10 OF 30

standard analysis like load flow and short circuit, and transient stability study

to check the strength of the plant and the proposed interconnection scheme

under disturbed conditions.

• Determine the relevant equipment for the proposed technically feasible

scheme.

• Recommend the technically most feasible scheme of interconnection.

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4. Development of Scheme of Interconnection

4.1 The Existing NetworkThe nearest existing HESCO interconnection facilities at the time of commissioning

of ZTE Solar Power Project would be as follows:

o Jamrau Head 66/11 kV Substation

o Sanghar 132/66/11 kV Substation

The existing 66 kV and 132 kV network available around these grid stations is shown

in Sketches in Appendix-B.

Given the physical proximity of Jamrau Head to ZTE Solar Power plant, the most

feasible interconnection of the ZTE Solar Power Plant will be

• Scenario - 1: Three direct 11 kV circuits each of 6 km length using Osprey

conductor to be laid from the switching station of ZTE Solar-PP till Jamrau

Head 66/ I I kV substation.

• Scenario - 11: The scheme of interconnection has been developed by

looping ZTE Solar in-out of the single 66 kV circuit between Jamrau Head


16MW.

There is one 66/11 kV transformer with 2.5 MVA augmented to 20 MVA capacity at

Jamrau Head and one 132/66 kV transformer with 7.5 MVA augmented to 20

MV A capacity at Sanghar Substation to evacuate the maximum AC power of 16 MW

of ZTE So lar.

Sanghar 132 kV grid station is connected to a strong 132 kV network in the vicinity.

A strong system helps in stable operation of a power plant.

4.2The Scheme of Interconnection of Solar Power PlantK.eeping in view of the above mentioned 66 kV and 132 kV network available in the

vicinity of the site of the ZTE Solar Power Plant, the interconnection scheme has been

developed as shown in Sketches in Appendix B. Even though two 11 kV circuits

using Osprey conductor would be sufficient to evacuate power from ZTE Solar PP, an

additional circuit has been added to fulfill N-l contingency criteria.

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4.3 Proposed additions at 11 kV in Jamrau Head 66/11 kV SubstationThree breaker/panels of 11 kV along with respective protection equipment would be

required to be added in 11 kV switchgear hall of Jamrau Head 66/11 kV substation to

provide connection to direct 11 kV circuits from this Solar Power Plant.

:~~J.,.,'! POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 13 OF 30

5. Detailed Load Flow Studies

5.1 Base Case 2018, Without Solar Power Plant

A base case has been developed for the peak load of June 2018, using the network

data of ZTE Solar PP and HESCO network.

The results of load flow for this base case are plotted in Exhibit 0.0 of Appendix-C.

The system plotted in this Exhibit shows 66 kV and 132 kV network feeding Jamrau

Head connected to its surrounding substations through Sanghar, Kandari and

MirpurKhas.

The load flow results show that the power flows on all circuits are within their

specified normal current carrying rating. The voltages are also within the permissible

limits.

For N-I contingency conditions we have performed the following cases

Exhibit-O.l

Exhibit-0.2

Exhibit-0.3

Exhibit-O.4

Exhibit-O.S

Exhibit-0.6

Exhibit-0.7

Exhibit-0.8

Kandari to Sanghar 132 KV Single Circuit Out

Jamnawaz to Kandari 132 KV Single Circuit Out

MirpurKhas to Jamnawaz 132 KV Single Circuit Out

MirpurKhas to Kandari 132 KV Single Circuit Out

Sanghar to Shahpurc 132 KV Single Circuit Out

Shahpurc to N.S.Sngr 132 KV Single Circuit Out

N.S.Sngr to Nawabshah 132 KV Single Circuit Out

Nawabshah to N.S.Site 132 KV Single Circuit Out

In Exhibit 0.7 we see that the voltage at N.S.Sngr 132kV falls very low due to outage

of N.S.Sngr to Nawabshah 132kV Single Circuit. The interconnection of proposed

solar power plant at Jamrau Head will help to boost the voltage and resolve this issue.

However in all other cases the power flows on all circuits remain within their ratings

and voltage profile are also within permissible limits. Thus we find that there are no

capacity constraints in terms of MW or MV A flow in the 66 kV or 132 kV network

available in the vicinity of ZTE Solar Power Plant for its connectivity under normal

and contingency conditions prior to its connection.

5.2 Peak Load Flow Case with ZTE Solar Power Plant

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Scenario - I

We have considered the scenario of June 2018 so that we can judge the maximum

impact of the project on the system.

The scheme of interconnection modeled in the load flow for ZTE Solar Power Plant is

developed by laying down three direct 1I kV circuits each of 6 km length using

Osprey conductor from the switching station of ZTE Solar-PP till Jamrau Head 66/1 I

kV substation. The results of load flow with ZTE Solar Power Plant interconnected as

per proposed scheme are shown in Exhibit l.0 in Appendix-C. The power flows on

the circuits are seen well within the rated capacities and the voltages on the bus bars

are also within the permissible operating range of ± 5 % off the nominal.

We find no capacity constraints on II kV, 66 kV or 132 kV circuits under normal

conditions i.e. without any outages of circuits.

N-I contingency analysis has been carried out and the plotted results are attached in

Appendix - C as follows;

Exhibit- }.}

Exhibit-l.2

Exhibit-I.3

Exhibit-l.4

Exhibit-l.5

Exhibit-I.6

Exhibit-I.7

Exhibit-l.8

Exhibit-l.9

ZTE Solar to Jamrau Head 1I KV Single Circuit Out







N.S.Sngr to Nawabshah }32 KV Single Circuit Out

Nawabshah to N.S.Site 132 KV Single Circuit Out

We had observed in the case of Exhibit-0.7 of ""Without ZTE Solar PP" that the

voltage at N.S.Sngr 132kV falls very low due to outage of N.S.Sngr to Nawabshah

l32kV Single Circuit. But now we see that the interconnection of ZTE solar power

plant at Jamrau Head has helped to boost the voltage and resolved this issue.

In all the above contingency cases, we find that in the event of outage of any circuit,

the intact circuits remain within the rated capacity.

Also the bus bar voltages are well within the rated limits in all the contingency events.

(fj• •• •,.,:-:"POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 15 OF 30

Thus there are no constraints in this scheme.

Scenario - II

We have considered the scenario of peak load case of June 2018 so that we can judge

the impact of the project on the system.

The scheme of interconnection has been developed by looping ZTE Solar in-out of

the single 66 kV circuit between Jamrau Head and Sanghar and studied in detail to

evacuate the maximum AC power of 16 MW.

The results of load flow with ZTE Solar Power Plant interconnected as per proposed

scheme are shown in Exhibit 2.0 in Appendix-C. The power flows on the circuits are

seen well within the rated capacities and the voltages on the bus bars are also within

the permissible operating range of ± 5 % off the nominal.

We find no capacity constraints on II kV, 66 kV or 132 kV circuits under normal

conditions i.e. without any outages of circuits.

N-l contingency analysis has been carried out and the plotted results are attached in

Appendix - C as follows;

Exhibit-2.l

Exhibit-2.2

Exhibit-2.3

Exhibit-2.4

Exhibit-2.5

Exhibit-2.6

Exhibit-2.7

Exhibit-2.8







N.S.Sngr to Nawabshah 132 KV Single Circuit Out

Nawabshah to N.S.Sitc 132 KV Single Circuit Out

In all the above contingency cases, we find that in the event of outage of any circuit,

the intact circuits remain within the rated capacity.

Also the bus bar voltages are well within the rated limits in all the contingency events.

Thus there are no constraints in this scheme.

5.3 Conclusion of Load Flow Analysis

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From the analysis discussed above, we conclude that the proposed interconnection

scheme of both scenarios is adequate in normal and for all the performed

contingencies conditions. The power flows on all circuits remain within their ratings.

Also we see that the interconnection of ZTE solar power plant has helped to boost the

voltage and resolved the issue of voltage sag under some outages in the network

feeding into this area.

Thus we find that there are no capacity constraints in terms of MW or MY A flow in

the II kY, 66 kY or 132 kY network available in the vicinity of ZTE Solar Power

Plant for its connectivity under normal and contingency conditions. The

interconnection of ZTE solar PP provides overall relief to the network.

~&~;,.,::"POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 17 OF 30

6. Short Circuit Analysis

6.1 Methodology and AssumptionsThe methodology of IEC 909 has been applied in all short circuit analysis in this

report for which provision is available in the PSS/E software used for these studies. .

The maximum fault currents have been calculated with the following assumptions

under IEC 909:

• Set tap ratios to unity

• Set line charging to zero

• Set shunts to zero in positive sequence

• Desired voltage magnitude at bus bars set equal to 1.l0 P.U. i.e. 10 % higher

than nominal, which is the maximum permissible voltage under contingency

condition.

For evaluation of maximum short circuit levels we have assumed contribution in the

fault currents from all the installed generation capacity of hydel, thermal and nuclear

plants in the system in the year 2015 i.e. all the generating units have been assumed

on-bar in fault calculation's simulations.

6.2 Fault Current Calculations without ZTE Solar Power Plant

In order to assess the short circuit strength of the network of 11 kV and 132 kV

without ZTE Solar Power Plant for the grid of HESCO in the vicinity of the site of the

Plant near Jamrau Head, fault currents have been calculated for balanced three-phase

and unbalanced single-phase short circuit conditions. These levels will not only give

us the idea of the fault levels without ZTE Solar Power Plant and later on how much

the contribution of fault current from the Solar Power Plant may add to the existing

levels, but also we get a feel of the strength of the proposed node to connect this

Power Plant depending on its relative short circuit strength.

The results are attached in Appendix - D.

The short circuit levels have been represented graphically on the bus bars of 11 kV,

66 kV and 132 kV along with fault current contributions from the incoming circuits,

which are shown in the Exhibit 3.0 attached in Appendix-D.

iJ• •• •,.,'f': POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 180F30

Both 3-phase and l-phase fault currents are indicated in the Exhibit which are given

in polar coordinates i.e. the magnitude and the angle of the current. The total fault

currents are shown below the bus bar.

The tabular output of the short circuit calculations is also attached in Appendix-D for

the 11 kVand 132 kV bus bars of our interest i.e. 11 kV, 66 kV and 132 kV circuits

lying elose to Jamrau Head. The tabular output is the detailed output showing the

contribution to the fault current from the adjoining sources i.e. the lines and

transformers connected to that bus. The phase currents, the sequence currents and the

sequence impedances are shown in detail for each faulted bus bar.

The total maximum fault currents for 3-phase and I-phase short circuit at these

substations are summarized in Table 6.1. We see that the maximum fault currents do

not exceed the short circuit ratings of the equipment at these 11 kV, 66 kV and 132

kV substations whieh normally are 20 kA, 25 kA.

Table - 6.1Maximum Short Circuit Levels without ZTE Solar PP 2018

3-Phase fault J-Phase faultSubstation

current, kA current, kA

Jamrau Head llkV 1.72 0.00002

Jamrau Head 66kV 0.623 0.700

Sanghar 66kV 0.822 0.895

Sanghar132kV 6.36 4.44

Kandari 132kV 8.67 6.26

Jamnawaz 132kV 8.81 6.34

Mirpurkhas 132kV 12.30 9.75

Shahpurc132kV 5.00 3.35

Nawabshah 132kV 6.23 4.23f---

Sakrand 132kV 7.81 5.50

6.3 Fault Current Calculations with Solar Power Plant interconnected

Scenario - I - Three direct 11 kV osprey conductors from Jamrau

Head 66/11kV to ZTE Solar

fot.~;.,.,'! POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE190F30

Fault currents have been calculated for the electrical interconnection of proposed

scheme. Fault types applied are three phase and single-phase at 11 kV bus bars of

ZTE Solar Power Plant itself and other bus bars of the 66 kV and 132 kV substations

in the electrical vicinity of Jamrau Haed. The graphic results are indicated in Exhibit

3.l.

The tabulated results of short circuit analysis showing all the fault current

contributions with short circuit impedances on 132 kV and 11 kV bus bars of the

network in the electrical vicinity of ZTE Solar Power Plant are placed in Appendix-D.

Brief summary of fault currents at significant bus bars of our interest are tabulated in

Table 6.2.

Table-6.2Maximum Short Circuit Levels with ZTE Solar PP 2018

3-Phase fault 1-Phase faultSubstation


ZTE Solar PP 3.77 0.0005



Sanghar 66kV 1.90 2.00

Sanghar 132kV 6.41 4.58

Kandari 132kV 8.71 6.36



Shahpurc 132kV 5.02 3.39

Nawabshah 132kV 6.25 4.26

Sakrand 132kV 7.83 5.52

Comparison of Tables 6.1 and 6.2 shows slight increase in short circuit levels for

three-phase and single - phase faults due to connection of Solar Power Plant on the

132 kV and 11 kV bus bars in its vicinity. This increase is limited from the point of

view of the fact that the Solar Power Plant is a voltage source convertor. We find that

even after some increase, these fault levels are much below the rated short circuit

values of the equipment installed on these substations.

~• •.-,.,~ POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 20 OF 30

The maximum short circuit level of 11 kV bus bar of ZTE Solar Power Plant 11 kV is

3.77 kA and 0.0005 kA for 3-phase and I-phase faults respectively. Therefore an

industry standard switchgear of the short circuit rating of 12.5 kA should be installed

at 11 kV switching station of the Solar Power Plant leaving enough margin to

accommodate fault current contribution from any future reinforcements taking place

in that area.

Scenario - II - Looping ZTE Solar in-out of the single 66 kV circuit

between Jamrau Head and SangharFault currents have been calculated for the electrical interconnection of proposed

scheme. Fault types applied are three phase and single-phase at II kV bus bars of

ZTE Solar Power Plant itself and other bus bars of the 66 kV and 132 kV substations

in the electrical vicinity of Jamrau Haed. The graphic results are indicated in Exhibit

3.2.

The tabulated results of short circuit analysis showing all the fault current

contributions with short circuit impedances on 132 kV and I I kV bus bars of the

network in the electrical vicinity of ZTE Solar Power Plant are placed in Appendix-D.

Brief summary of fault currents at significant bus bars of our interest are tabulated in

Table 6.3.

Table-6.3Maximum Short Circuit Levels with ZTE Solar PP 2018

3-Phase fault I-Phase faultSubstation


ZTE Solar PP 1.25 1.47

Jamrau Head llkV 4.50 0.00002


Sanghar 66kV 2.06 2.06

Sanghar 132kV 6.47 4.56

Kandari 132kV 8.76 6.35



Shahpurc 132kV 5.03 3.38

Nawabshah 132kV 6.25 4.25

Sakrand 132kV 7.83 5.52

(fj• •• •,.,,:,(POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 21 OF 30

Comparison of Tables 6.1 and 6.3 shows slight increase in short circuit levels for

three-phase and single - phase faults due to connection of Solar Power Plant on the

132 kV and 11 kV bus bars in its vicinity. The maximum short circuit level of II kV

bus bar of ZTE Solar Power Plant 11 kV is 1.25 kA and 1.47 kA for 3-phase and 1-

phase faults respectively. Therefore an industry standard switchgear of the short

circuit rating of 12.5 kA should be installed at II kV switching station of the Solar

Power Plant leaving enough margin to accommodate fault current contribution from

any future reinforcements taking place in that area.

6.4 Conclusion of Short Circuit AnalysisThe short circuit analysis results show that for the proposed schemes of

interconnection of ZTE Solar Power Plant, we don't find any problem of violations of

short circuit ratings of the already installed equipment on the 132 kV and II kV

equipment of substations in the vicinity of the Solar Power Plant due to fault current

contributions from this plant due to three-phase faults as well as single phase faults.

The maximum short circuit level of 11 kV bus bar of ZTE Solar Power Plant 11 kV

for Scenario -1 is 3.77 kA and 0.0005 kA for 3-phase and l-phase faults respectively

and for Scenario - II is 1.25 kA and 1.47 kA for 3-phase and l-phase faults

respectively. Therefore an industry standard switchgear of the short circuit rating of

12.5 kA should be installed at II kV switching station of ZTE Solar Power Plant

leaving enough margin to accommodate fault current contribution from any future

reinforcements taking place in that area.

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7. Transient Stability Analysis

7.1 Assumptions & Methodology

7.1.1 Stability Models

The assumptions about the generator and its parameters are the same as mentioned in

Ch.2 of this report.

We have employed the generic stability models available in the PSS/E model library

for dynamic modelling of the PV -Solar power generator, its electrical model and the

panel as follows;

Generator PVGUI

PVEUI

PANELUI

Electrical Model

Solar Panel Model

We have done studies with the inverter which has reactive support capability of ±

0.95 PF.

7.1.2 System Conditions

We have used the system conditions of June 2018 because in this season the

irradianee from the sun is at its peak and hence the maximum impact of the Solar

Power Plant can be judged.

All the power plants of WAPDAINTDC from Tarbela to HUBCO have been

dynamically represented in the simulation model.

7.1.3 Presentation of Results

The plotted results of the simulations runs are placed in Appendix - E. Each

simulation is run for its first one second for the steady state conditions of the system

prior to fault or disturbance. This is to establish the pre fault/disturbance conditions of

the network under study were smooth and steady. Post fault recovery has been

monitored for nine seconds. Usually all the transients due to non-linearity die out

within 2-3 seconds after disturbance is cleared in the system.

7.1.4 Worst Fault Cases

Three phase faults are considered as the worst disturbance in the system. We have

considered 3-phase fault in the closest vicinity of the Solar Power Plant i.e. right at

the II kV bus bar of the solar power plant substation, cleared in 9 cycles, as normal

iJ• •••,.,'1;' POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 23 OF 30

clearing time for II kV i.e. 180 ms, followed by permanent trip of 11 kV single

circuit emanating from this substation.

Transient Stability Simulations' Results

7.2 Scenario - I

7.2.1 Fault at 132 kV at Sanghar

We applied three-phase fault on the Sanghar 132 kV bus bar, cleared fault in 5 cycles

(100 ms) followed by trip of 132 kV circuit between the Sanghar and Kandari 132kY.

We monitored different quantities for one second pre-fault and nine seconds after

clearance of fault (post-fault) conditions and plotted the results attached in Appendix

- E and discussed as follows;

Fig. 1.1 Bus Voltages

The bus voltages of 11 kV bus bars of ZTE Solar-PP and Jamrau Head and 66kV bus

bars of Sanghar and Jamrau Head and 132 kV Bus Bars of Sanghar and Kandari are

plotted. The results show quick recovery of the voltages after clearing of fault.

Fig. 1.2 Frequency

Wc see the system frequency recovers back to normal quickly after fault clearance.

Fig. 1.3 MW/MVAR Output of Solar Power Plant

The pre-fault AC output of Solar Power Plant was 16 MW and it gets back to the

same output quickly after fast damping of the oscillations in its output. However

MV AR output acquires equilibrium at a new value.

Fig. 1.4 Voltage Sensor for LVACR

The value for LV ACR is restored to its pre-fault value after the fault clears.

Fig. 1.5 MW IMV AR Flow from Sanghar to Kandari

Followed by clearing of fault, the trip of 132 kV circuit between Sanghar and Kandari

caused the load of that circuit to flow through the other intact 132 kV circuit between

the Sanghar and Kandari respectively. We plotted the flows of MW and MVAR on

the intact circuit and see that the power flows on this circuit attains to steady state

level with power swings damping down fast.

fig. 1.6 Rotor Angles

The rotor angles of the generators of Kotri GTPS 132kV, Thatta 132kV, Lakhra

I32kV, Jamshoro 220 kV and Hub 500kV have been plotted. The results show that

.:.t.~;,.,~ POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 24 OF 30

the rotor angles face very little swings which damp down quickly. The system is

strongly stable and very strong in damping the post fault oscillations.

7.2.2 Fault at 132 kV at Sanghar (Stuck Breaker Case)


(180 ms) followed by trip of 132 kV circuit between the Sanghar and Kandari 132kV.





The bus voltages of II kV bus bars of ZTE Solar-PP and Jamrau Head and 66kV bus



Fig. 2.2 Frequency

We see the system frequency recovers back to normal quickly after fault clearance.

Fig. 2.3 MW IMV AR Output of Solar Power Plant



MVAR output acquires equilibrium at a new value.


The value for LVACR is restored to its pre-fault value after the fault clears.

Fig. 2.5 MW IMV AR Flow from Sanghar to Kandari






Fig. 2.6 Rotor Angles


132kV, Jamshoro 220 kV and Hub 500kV have been plotted. The results show that



(f;• •• •,.,~ POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 25 OF 30

7.2.3 Fault at 11 kV Near Solar Power PlantWe applied three-phase fault on the ZTE Solar Power Plant 11 kV bus bar, cleared

fault in 9 cycles (180 ms) followed by trip of 11 kV circuit between the ZTE Solar

Power Plant and Jamrau Head llkV. We monitored different quantities for one

second pre-fault and nine seconds after clearance of fault (post-fault) conditions and

plotted the results attached in Appendix - E and discussed as follows;


The bus voltages of II kV bus bars of ZTE Solar-PP and Jamrau Head and 66kV bus



Fig. 3.2 Frequency


Fig. 3.3 MW IMV AR Output of Solar Power Plant






Fig. 3.5 MW IMVAR Flow from ZTE Solar to Jamrau Head IIkV

Followed by clearing of fault, the trip of II kV circuit between ZTE Solar and Jamrau

Head caused the load of that circuit to flow through the other two intact 11 kV circuits

between ZTE Solar and Jamrau Head respectively. We plotted the flows of MW and

MV AR on one of the intact circuit and see that the power flows on this circuit attains

to steady state level with power swings damping down fast.


The rotor angles or the generators of Kotri GTPS 132kV, Thatta 132kV, Lakhra

132kV, Jamshoro 220 kV and Hub 500kV have been plotted. The results show that



7.3 Scenario - II

7.3.1 .Fault at 132 kV at Sanghar

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We applied three-phase fault on the Sanghar 132 kV bus bar, cleared fault in S cycles






The bus voltages of 66kV bus bars of ZTE Solar, Sanghar and Jamrau Head and 132

kV Bus Bars of Sanghar, Shahpurc and Kandari arc plotted. The results show quick

recovery of the voltages after clearing of fault.

Fig. 1.2 Frequency


Fig. 1.3 M W1M VAR Output of Solar Power Plant






Fig. I.S MW IMVAR Flow from Sanghar to Kandari








132kV, Jamshoro 220 kV and Hub SOOkV have been plotted. The results show that



7.3.2 Fault at 132 kV at Sanghar (Stuck Breaker Case)




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The bus voltages of 66kV bus bars of ZTE Solar, Sanghar and Jamrau Head and 132

kV Bus Bars of Sanghar, Shahpure and Kandari are plotted. The results show quick

recovery of the voltages after clearing of fault.

Fig. 2.2 frequency

We sec the system frequency recovers back to normal quickly after fault clearance.

Fig. 2.3 MW/MVAR Output of Solar Power Plant






Fig. 2.S MW IMV AR Flow from Sanghar to Kandari








132kV. Jamshoro 220 kV and Hub SOOkV have been plotted. The results show that



7.3 Conclusion of Dynamic Stability Analysis

The results of dynamic stability show that the system is very strong and stable for

the proposed schemes for the severest possible faults of 11 kVand 132kV system near

ZTE Solar Power Plant. Therefore there is no problem of dynamic stability for

interconnection of this Solar Power Plant; it fulfils all the criteria of transient stability.

The reactive support from the inverter also helps the system stability.

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8. Conclusions.:. The nearest substation of HESCO is Jamrau Head 66/11 kY. The following

scheme of interconnection of Solar Power Plant by lTE Power to evacuate its

maximum AC power of 16 MW is envisaged and studied in detail:

• Scenario - I: Three direct 11 kY circuits each of 6 km length using Osprey

conductor to be laid from the switching station of lTE Solar-PP till Jarnrau

Head 66111 kY substation.

• In this context three 11 kY breaker/line bays need to be added in the 11 kY

switchgear hall of Jamrau Head 66/11 kY Substation

• Scenario - 11: The scheme of interconnection has been developed by

looping lTE Solar in-out of the single 66 kY circuit between Jamrau Head


16MW .

•:. Detailed load flow studies have been carried out for the peak load conditions of

June 2018 for the proposed scheme under normal and N-I contingency conditions

to meet the reliability criteria .

•:. Steady state analysis by load flow reveals that proposed scheme is adequate to

evacuate the maximum AC output power of 16 MW of the plant under normal and

contingency conditions with the proposed reinforcements .

•:. It is also revealed that the interconnection of ZTE solar power plant at Jamrau

Head has helped to boost the voltage and resolved the issue of voltage sag under

some outages in the network feeding into this area .

•:. The short circuit analysis has been carried out to calculate maximum fault levels

at the lTE Solar Power Plant at II kY, and the substations of 66111kY and 132/11

kY in its vicinity. We find that the fault currents for the proposed scheme are

much less than the rated short circuit capacities of switchgear installed at these

substations. There arc no violations of exceeding the rating of the equipment due

to contribution of fault current from the lTE Solar Power Plant.

The maximum short circuit level of 11 kY bus bar of lTE Solar Power Plant 11

kY for Scenario - 1 is 3.77 kA and 0.0005 kA for 3-phase and l-phase faults

respectively and for Scenario - II is 1.25 kA and 1.47 kA for 3-phase and l-phase

faults respectively. Therefore an industry standard switchgear of the short circuit

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rating of 12.5 kA is considered adequate with enough margin for future increase in

fault levels due to future reinforcements in this area .

•:. The dynamic stability analysis of proposed scheme of interconnection has been

carried out. The stability check for the worst case of three phase fault right on the

11 kV bus bar of the ZTE solar power plant substation followed by the final trip of

11 kV circuits emanating from this substation, has been performed for fault

clearing of9 cycles (180 ms) as understood to be the maximum fault clearing time

of 11 kV protection system. The system is found strong enough to stay stable and

recovered with fast damping. The proposed scheme successfully passed the

dynamic stability checks for system disturbances .

•:. The proposed scheme of interconnection has no technical constraints or problems,

it fulfills all the criteria of reliability and stability under steady state load flow,

contingency load flows, short circuit currents and dynamic/transient conditions;

and is therefore recommended to be adopted.

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