BioCultural TheoriesPresented by: Jerikka Anne D. Benavides
Bio-Cultural Theories
Nativism Theory
Ethology Theory Sociobiology Theory
Brofenners Theory
5Ecological
Nativism views human as endowed with genetic traits seen in all
members of the species, regardless of differences in their
environments. Develop mentalists who adhere to the nativist theory
hold that culiarities can be identified early in life, developed in
all individuals in every culture but do not exist in other
species
Theory Nativism
of
Nativism reduces the impact of environment in learning a
language. While it is true that children learn language in the same
ways, still environment factors and characteristics of language
cannot be discounted where the rate at which a language is learned
is taken into account.
Ethology TheoryEthology points to genetically survival behaviors
assumed to have evolved through natural selection. Ethologists say
that nature has equipped birds with nestbuilding genes which is
imperative for survival.
Ethologists on onehand are criticized for placing too much
emphasis on heredity. For one, ethological theories are hard to
test for the same reason that behavior like attachment for survival
is difficult to quantify or explain.
Sociobiology focuses on the study of society using the methods
and concepts of biological science. Like the ethologists,
sociobiology emphasizes genes taht aid group survival. Living in
groups affords humans better chances of survival. As claimed by the
exponents of sociobiology even the concept of cooperation is
genetically programmed.
Sociobiology Theory
Critics of sociobiology do not seem to favor the genes. They
claim sound rules taht govern life in a society are passed on over
many generations because they are workable through language, not
genes.
Behavior Genetics aver that a broad range traits and behaviors
like intelligence, shyness and aggressiveness are a result of
heredity. Heredity provides for individual differences. Whatever
traits or behaviors children acquire are said to be influenced by
genes coming form related people.
Further, Heredity traits are observable across the lifespan. it
has been found that children who are stubborn and can be difficult
to get along with encounter more problems in the adult life.
Brofenbrenners Theory
Ecological
This theory explains development in terms of relationships
between people and their environments, or contexts, as Brofenner's
calls them. He attempts to classify all the individual and
contextual variables that affect development and to specify how
they interact.
The contexts of development are like circles within circles.
Macrosyste m Exosyste m Microsystem Mesosystem
Macrosyste mThe outermost circle, the macrosystem (or the
cultural context), contains the values and beliefs of the culture
in which a child is growing up.
Exosystem The next level, the Exosystem (the socioeconomic
context) are the cultural institutions which have indirect inluence
on the child's development
Microsyste m The microsystem (or the immediate context) includes
those units that have directly influece on the children.
Mesosyste m The mesosystem consists of the interconnections
between these compenents.
The child's development is also influenced by his genetic
make-up. this is attributed to the biological context. Learning and
mastering a specific skill is dependent on a combinations of his
culture, socioeconomic status and family. The ability to make use
of such mastery will still be determined by the degree to which his
learning skill fits his individual needs. Ecological theory calls
for a way of thinking that development is a complex of inidividuals
and contextual variables and that development is a result of the
combined effects of all contexts.
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